Journal articles: 'Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice'

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William, Kelly H. "Pulmonary Clinical Pharmacy Practice." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 40, no. 7-8 (July 2006): 1407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1g484.

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Thornton, Penny. "Accountable Clinical Pharmacy Practice." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 34, no. 4 (December 2004): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr2004344258a.

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Taylor, George. "Clinical Pharmacy COSP -Standards of Practice for Clinical Pharmacy Services." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 43, no. 2 (June 2013): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2013.tb00226.x.

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Spinewine, Anne, and Soraya Dhillon. "Clinical Pharmacy Practice: Implications for Pharmacy Education in Belgium." Pharmacy Education 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1560221021000030160.

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Moye, Robert A., Kim Mason, Amy Flatt, Barbara Faircloth, Janisha Livermore, Brittany Brown, Adam Furr, Cassey Starnes, John R. Yates, and Robert Hurt. "Emergency preparation and mitigation for COVID-19 response in an integrated pharmacy practice model." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 8 (February 27, 2021): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab015.

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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this descriptive report is to share experiences in crisis response planning and risk mitigation at a university health system department of pharmacy with an integrated clinical practice model in the early months of the coronarvirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Summary The department of pharmacy’s COVID-19 pandemic response included successful planning and implementation of measures to maintain pharmacy operations and minimize COVID-19 exposure of patients and staff. These measures included ensuring adequate personnel staffing using flexible staffing solutions, ongoing assessment of supply chain integrity, and continuation of integrated clinical pharmacy services 24/7 throughout the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Information technology (IT) and educational program modifications are also discussed. Conclusion This report describes successful crisis planning and risk mitigation in the setting of COVID-19, which was facilitated by the department of pharmacy’s integrated clinical practice model. This model enabled uninterrupted personnel scheduling, supply chain integrity, continued provision of 24/7 integrated clinical services, adaptive use of IT tools, and continuation of educational programs. The experiences described may be instructive to other pharmacy departments in evaluating their response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in planning for similar pandemic or other emergency scenarios.

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Hassan, Yahaya. "Challenge to Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Malaysia." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 9 (September 1993): 1134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302700920.

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OBJECTIVE: To report on the current status and future trends of clinical pharmacy practice in Malaysia. DATA SOURCES: Published conference reports and journal articles. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on areas related to clinical pharmacy practice in Malaysian hospitals were gleaned from various publications. DATA SYNTHESIS: Malaysia is capable of implementing clinical pharmacy services in hospitals and perhaps also in the community setting. The important factors in clinically oriented pharmacy practice include improvement of the drug-control process, development of physical and human resources, clinical pharmacy skills, and the training of practicing pharmacists. A number of Malaysian pharmacists have already developed a unit-dose drug distribution system, patient counseling, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug information, and total parenteral nutrition services. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacy profession in Malaysia has many challenges ahead and it is hoped that every practicing pharmacist will be highly committed to future professional needs so that clinical pharmacy practice in Malaysia becomes a reality.

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Jacobi, Judith, Shaunta' Ray, Ilya Danelich, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Stephen Eckel, Roy Guharoy, Michael Militello, et al. "Impact of the Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative on Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Practice." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 36, no. 5 (April 27, 2016): e40-e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1745.

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Elliott, Rohan A. "Clinical Pharmacy: an Evolving Area of Pharmacy Practice in India." Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 31, no. 2 (June 2001): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr2001312147.

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Okoro, Roland N. "Ethics Education for Contemporary Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Nigeria: Shortfalls and Needs." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 10, no. 1 (September 5, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v10i1.48921.

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The past decade has witnessed a shift in the ambitions of pharmacists away from the core role of dispensing medicines towards more interesting and rewarding relationships and responsibilities with other healthcare providers and patients. The patient-centred role of pharmacists has allowed ethical issues experienced in medical practice to surface in pharmacy practice, resulting in an increase in the number and variety of ethical dilemmas that pharmacists face in their routine pharmacy practice. Pharmacy education prepares pharmacy students for practice and must be in tune with the professional dynamics. Many countries that provide patient-centered pharmacy services have redesigned pharmacy ethics education while others are in various stages of revision of their curriculum in order to adequately equip future pharmacists with the rudiments required to handle ethical issues in clinical pharmacy practice. In contrast, in Nigeria, little or no pharmacy ethics is taught to pharmacy students and the challenge lies with the curriculum design and method of teaching.

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Fernandez-Llimos, Fernando, Shane Desselle, Derek Stewart, Victoria Garcia-Cardenas, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar, Christine Bond, Ana Dago, et al. "Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: The Granada statements." Pharmacy Education 23, no. 1 (February 7, 2023): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.231.109117.

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Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as “the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care”. Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors’ selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.

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Chargualaf, Michael J., Tieumy T. Giao, Anna C. Abrahamson, David Steeb, Miranda Law, Jill Bates, Teshome Nedi, and Benyam Muluneh. "Layered learning pharmacy practice model in Ethiopia." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 7 (January 7, 2019): 1699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218820105.

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Purpose Ethiopia is home to a growing population of more than 100 million people. Healthcare in the region functions with a shortage of oncologists. Pharmacists as well as other healthcare providers can assist with expanding patient access to cancer care. A pilot project was proposed to provide education, determine areas to expand pharmacy services in oncology, and recommend interventions at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University. Methods A layered learning practice model comprising of a clinical pharmacist, a post-graduate year two oncology pharmacy resident, and two fourth-year student pharmacists was constructed for the experience. Through collaboration with the College of Pharmacy at Addis Ababa University, an international experience was developed to provide education and advance pharmacy practice at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Results Based on findings from a needs assessment, the participants collaborated with key stakeholders to develop practices and procedures for the implementation of high-dose methotrexate and for comprehensive chemotherapy order review. In addition, 17 didactic lectures were provided to nine students enrolled in the Master of Pharmacy in Pharmacy Practice at the College of Pharmacy at Addis Ababa University. Conclusion This experience provided educational and clinical impact using a layered learning practice model, consisting of a clinical pharmacist, pharmacy resident, and pharmacy students in an international setting. There is significant potential for clinical pharmacy to positively impact patient care in the oncology setting in Ethiopia. Future initiatives for advancement include the safe handling of hazardous agents, additional therapeutic drug monitoring, and outpatient oncology pharmacist practice.

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Rudis, Maria I., and Ryan J. Attwood. "Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Practice." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24, no. 2 (April 2011): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011400549.

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Emergency medicine (EM) pharmacy practice has existed for over 30 years. In recent years, however, the specialty has grown significantly. A large number of health care systems have either a dedicated EM pharmacist or other clinical pharmacist presence in the Emergency department (ED). Over the past decade, the role of the EM pharmacist as a critical member of the health care team has expanded significantly and many innovative practices have evolved throughout the country. There is also some heterogeneity between different EM pharmacy practice sites. This article reviews the history and general concepts of EM pharmacy practice as well as illustrate some of the established benefits of an EM pharmacist.

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Gupta, Vasudha, and Evan Williams. "Establishing a New Ambulatory Care Practice Site as a Pharmacy Practice Faculty." Pharmacy 6, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy6040111.

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There is an imminent need to identify and develop new ambulatory care practice sites with the increase in the number of colleges of pharmacy across the nation. This manuscript provides recommendations to help clinical faculty determine whether a potential pharmacy practice site will be able to provide adequate resources and support to establish a successful practice. This may be challenging to pharmacy practice faculty in settings where clinical pharmacy services have never been utilized. Topics include the pre-work needed prior to approaching a new practice site, assessing the need for physical requirements, meeting key personnel, marketing clinical skills and services, implementing, and evaluating practice site. Preparation includes having a clear vision of the pharmacist services, ensuring that stakeholders have an understanding of the pharmacy services inquiring the site support and resources for the pharmacist, and regularly communicating.

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Abdel-Latif, Mohamed M., and Kamal Sabra. "Clinical pharmacy practice in Egyptian hospitals." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): e63-e66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp150250.

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Cai, Wei Min, Heng Shan Tan, Shu Sen Ling, and Mary H. H. Chandler. "Clinical pharmacy practice in urban China." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 51, no. 5 (March 1, 1994): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/51.5.695.

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Tse, CS Ted. "Clinical Pharmacy Practice 30 Years Later." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1h467.

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Cronin, Simon. "The Practice of Pharmacy in England." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 20, no. 10 (October 1986): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808602001022.

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The practice of pharmacy in England is described. Community pharmacies have a contract with the Department of Health and Social Security to fill National Health Service prescriptions. A large proportion of the general public obtain their prescriptions free. Funding for the health service comes from taxes and automatic contributions from employers and employees. Aspects of hospital pharmacy practice and salaries are discussed, e.g., a junior pharmacist may expect to earn between $9000 and $12 000. There is very little unit-dose dispensing, and many hospitals are unable to provide 24-hour services. Hospital pharmacies function with fewer pharmacists than their U.S. counterparts, utilizing larger numbers of technicians. Clinical pharmacy practice centers around drug monitoring (ward pharmacy). Pharmocokinetic services are provided in a few places. Master of science degrees in clinical pharmacy are available. However, the future of clinical pharmacy practice in England depends on staffing levels and competition between and acceptance from other health disciplines.

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Klosterman, Theresa, Rachel Meyers, Anita Siu, Pooja Shah, Katelin Kimler, Marc Sturgill, and Christine Robinson. "An Academic Multihealth System PGY2 Pediatric Pharmacy Residency Program." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-20.6.468.

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We describe a novel multihealth system pediatric pharmacy residency program through the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University. Pediatric clinical pharmacy is a growing field that has seen an increase in demand for practitioners. Practice sites include freestanding children's hospitals, children's hospitals within adult hospitals, and pediatric units within adult hospitals. To accommodate a residency program in a region with no freestanding children's hospital, the pediatric faculty members at the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University developed a multihealth system postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) pediatric pharmacy residency program with 6 pediatric faculty members functioning as preceptors at their 5 respective practice sites. The multihealth system setup of the program provides the resident exposure to a multitude of patient populations, pediatric specialties, and pediatric pharmacy practices. In addition, the affiliation with Rutgers University allows an emphasis on academia with opportunities for the resident to lecture in small and large classrooms, facilitate discussion periods, assist with clinical laboratory classes, and precept pharmacy students. The resident has the unique opportunity to develop a research project with a large and diverse patient population owing to the multihealth system rotation sites. A multihealth system PGY2 residency in pediatric pharmacy provides the resident a well-rounded experience in pediatric clinical practice, research, and academia that will enhance the resident's ability to build his or her own pediatric pharmacy practice.

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Moura, Laura, Rúben Viegas, Stephane Steurbaut, and Filipa Alves da Costa. "Perceptions of European students' representative associations about clinical pharmacy undergraduate education." Pharmacy Education 22, no. 1 (December 17, 2022): 944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46542/pe.2022.221.944953.

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Background: Clinical pharmacy education is an enabler of advanced pharmacy practice for the future workforce. Objective: To explore perceptions of students’ representative associations on the adequacy of undergraduate clinical pharmacy education and students’ preparedness to perform clinical activities. Methods: Cross-sectional study using an online survey disseminated through the European Pharmaceutical Students’ Association to affiliated national pharmacy students’ associations. The survey collected information about preparedness to perform clinical pharmacy activities, perceived fitness for practice, perceived adequacy of theoretical and practical education in clinical pharmacy, and learning methods used and desired. Results: Students’ representative associations from 16 European countries participated and unanimously stated that clinical pharmacy practical training was insufficient. Most respondents (n=12; 75.1%) reported being unfit or unsure about their fitness to perform clinical activities. Conclusion: Although clinical pharmacy is embedded in pharmaceutical sciences education, students felt unprepared to perform clinical activities and desired more practical training to increase job readiness.

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Norwood, Cynthia E., and Steven N. Pahre. "Clinical Pharmacy Nephrology Practice in the Outpatient Dialysis Center." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 6, no. 3 (June 1993): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009300600307.

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Outpatient dialysis centers are a prime environment for clinical pharmacy intervention. Opportunity abounds for patient outcome-focused intervention such as intensive compliance counseling, drug-interaction screening, evaluation and interpretation of drug level assays, teaching (staff, physicians, patients), and enhanced overall medication management. Nephrology pharmacy is a relatively underdeveloped specialty practice, with clinical pharmacy practice in outpatient dialysis centers comprising a very small segment of that practice. There are many topics of concern that show a need for further evolution of this practice: polypharmacy, patient compliance, expensive medications (ie, recombinant human erythropoietin [rHuE-PO]), and Medicare End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program reimbursement constraints. In this report the origin and current status of the pharmacy nephrology service at St. Joseph Hospital and Health Care Center in Tacoma, WA is described.

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Shafer, Amy L. "Clinical Pharmacy Practice in the Operating Room." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 6, no. 4 (August 1993): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009300600405.

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An operating room pharmacy has traditionally been focused on the provision of controlled substance accounting and drug distribution services. Clinical pharmacy can be practiced in this setting as well, to the benefit of patients and operating room staff. The operating room pharmacist can provide such services as drug information, drug use evaluation, participation in patient care rounds, adverse drug reaction reporting, assistance in emergency drug therapy, formulary management, research collaboration, pharmacokinetic and pain management consultation, and education regarding drug therapy. The clinical expertise of the operating room pharmacist can be gained through literature review, surgical case observation, attendance and participation in anesthesia conferences, and direct patient care. By providing clinical services appropriate to a given institution's needs in the operating room setting, and delegating direct distributive functions to pharmacy technicians whenever possible, the pharmacist can move into a rewarding role as a clinician member of the operating room health care team.

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Cleary, John D., Rannveig Gunnarsdottir, Thorsteinn Loftsson, and Einar Magnusson. "Pharmacy in Iceland." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 28, no. 1 (January 1994): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800121.

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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the practice of pharmacy in Iceland. DATA SOURCES: Human resources were the primary sources of data for this publication. Personal observation by Cleary is the basis of this publication. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data on areas related to Icelandic history, practice of pharmacy, Icelandic health system, and the European Economic Community and Education were obtained through interviews. Information is presented to give an appreciation of pharmacy practice in a Nordic country. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy education and practice is progressive and flourishing in Iceland's National Health Service. Clinical pharmacy services are in their infancy; however, the potential for growth is immense. The Fulbright experience was educational and beneficial for all parties involved.

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Sin, Billy, Christine Ciaramella, Greg Stein, Shalom Butel, Holly Thompson, Sylvie de Souza, and Robert DiGregorio. "Implementation of an Advanced Pharmacy Practice Model in the Emergency Department." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 33, no. 4 (January 13, 2019): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190018819412.

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Study Objective The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to quantify clinical activities performed by pharmacists in an advanced pharmacy practice model in the emergency department (ED). Methods Data from January 2015 to August 2017 extracted from the department of pharmacy’s electronic documentation system and the hospital’s electronic medical record were collected and reviewed. Cost savings was derived from the system with adaptation from the previous literature and had been validated by our institution’s administration as an acceptable reflection of the impact for activity. Results The ED pharmacy team participated in a total of 4106 clinical activities that resulted in a cumulative cost avoidance of $5 387 679. Overall, the most common clinical activities that the pharmacy team provided included pharmacotherapy consult (63.3%) and response to medical emergencies (20.7%). A total of 16 219 medication orders placed by ED clinicians were prospectively reviewed and 379 interventions were accepted by ED clinicians. Turnaround times for medication verification in median (interquartile range [IQR]) for 2015, 2016, and 2017 were 2 minutes (1-6 minutes), 3 minutes (1-6 minutes), and 2 minutes (1-5 minutes), respectively. A total of 14 peer-reviewed publications, primarily based on pharmacy practice or use of pharmacotherapy for acute pain, were published by a research program led by the ED pharmacotherapist. Conclusion We created and implemented an advanced practice model tailored to our institution’s needs. The model maximized opportunities for pharmacists to provide direct patient care, practice at the top of their license, and encouraged the safe and effective use of medications.

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Volmer, Daisy, Kristiina Sepp, An Raal, and Jeffrey Atkinson. "Pharmacy Practice and Education in Estonia." Pharmacy 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7030087.

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The Pharmacy Education in Europe (PHARMINE) project studied pharmacy practice and education in the European Union (EU) member states. The work was carried out using an electronic survey forwarded to selected pharmacy representatives at community and hospital pharmacies, in the pharmacy industry and at drug authorities. The surveys of the individual member states are now being published as reference documents for students and staff interested in research on pharmacy education in the EU, and in mobility. This paper presents the results of the PHARMINE project on pharmacy practice and education in Estonia. In this paper, we examine the harmonisation of practice and education in Estonia with EU norms. Community pharmacies in Estonia provide traditional and extended services, of which influenza vaccination, the evaluation of the risk of diabetes, and medication use review have been introduced recently. Pharmacists (in Estonian proviisor) study at the University of Tartu for five years and graduate with a Master of Pharmacy (MSc Pharm) degree. A pharmacist can be the owner of a pharmacy, or work as a pharmacy manager or chief pharmacist in either a community or a hospital pharmacy. Assistant pharmacists (in Estonian farmatseut) study at the Tallinn Health Care College for 3 years; after graduation, they are mainly employed in community pharmacies. The University of Tartu is the only university in Estonia providing higher education in pharmacy at university level. The pharmacy curriculum is an integrated (bachelor followed by master), pharmaceutical product-oriented study programme. It was last updated in 2019. On that occasion, several changes were made such as the introduction of competency-based modules; novel methods in education and training based on the constructive alignment and the restructuring of the six-month traineeship. Several new courses focus on the concepts of clinical pharmacy and on patient-centred communication. In the current pharmacy curriculum, there is a balance between chemical and medical subjects. The traineeship is provided for six months at a community and/or hospital pharmacy in the 5th year. Currently, the pharmacy curriculum at the University of Tartu does not offer specialization in subjects such as hospital or industrial pharmacy.

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Taylor, Brooke, and Bella Mehta. "The Community Pharmacy Technician’s Role in the Changing Pharmacy Practice Space." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i2.3325.

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Purpose: The practice of pharmacy and role of pharmacists has evolved over the decades but markedly since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010. The ACA allowed patients to have increased access to community pharmacy services, such as medication therapy management, leading to an increase in the clinical services provided by pharmacists. This expansion of pharmacist’s roles has led to pharmacists to feel an increase in workload which negatively impacts the time spent with patients. One way for this shift to occur without continuing to increase the pharmacist’s workload is by using technicians as pharmacist extenders to take on more technical tasks. Summary: The role of pharmacy technicians has been slow to expand from fear of public safety due to the lack of required education and training. Today, state requirements to practice as a pharmacy technician have become stricter with state requiring licensing, registration or certification. This increase in requirements as led to the expansion of pharmacy technician duties. Studies show that pharmacy technicians are able to perform technician accuracy checking, provide immunization and perform Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived screenings. In addition to these duties, pharmacy technicians are being utilized in more novel ways such as collecting medication information in primary care and telepharmacy settings. Conclusion: In order for pharmacy to continue to grow as a profession, pharmacists need to use pharmacy technicians as extenders. As pharmacy technicians begin to take on more of the technical duties, pharmacists are able to increase the time spent with patients. Article Type: Commentary

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Potter, Lisa M., Eric M. Tichy, Timothy A. Horwedel, Michael A. Shullo, Christopher R. Ensor, Nicole A. Pilch, Adam B. Cochrane, Angela Q. Maldonado, Judith Jacobi, and Teena Sam. "Impact of the Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative on Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Practice: An Alternative Viewpoint." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 36, no. 11 (November 2016): e195-e197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1844.

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Elmaaty, Mahmoud A., Ahmed A. Elberry, Raghda R. Hussein, Doaa M. Khalil, and Amani E. Khalifa. "Applicability of American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 3 (September 6, 2020): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.3.1951.

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Background: The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) prepared clinical pharmacist competencies that have specific recommendations. Recently, many efforts to advance clinical pharmacy services in Egypt exist. The literature revealed that no country has assessed the extent of applicability of ACCP competencies in its current pharmacy practice setting. Egyptian pharmacists can provide feedback about applicability of such competencies in clinical pharmacy settings in Egypt. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which ACCP competencies were implemented by Egyptian clinical pharmacists and therefore evaluate development of clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt. The study also investigated factors affecting the applicability of such competencies in the current clinical pharmacy practice setting in Egypt. Methods: Four hundred and ninety-five randomly selected clinical pharmacists from several hospitals were invited to participate in a cross sectional survey using a self-administered validated questionnaire composed of 31 questions classified into six domains. This questionnaire was designed to determine the pharmacists’ perception about applicability of ACCP competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt. Results: The response rate was 64% as 317 out of 495 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. These pharmacists were categorized according to age; gender; qualifications; years of previous work experience, years since BSc. and type of hospitals they are currently working at. Analysis of data revealed the professionalism domain to have the highest percentage of acceptance among pharmacists, while the system-based care & population health domain had the lowest percentage of acceptance. Results also showed that qualifications of participants did not affect their response in three domains; “Direct Patient Care”, “Systems-based Care & Population Health” and “Continuing Professional Development” (p=0.082, 0.081, 0.060), respectively. Nevertheless, qualifications of participants did affect their response in the other three domains; “Pharmacotherapy Knowledge”, “Communication” and “Professionalism” (p<0.05). The age of pharmacists, gender, years of previous work experience, and graduation year did not affect their responses in all six domains. The type of hospital they are currently working at, though, affected their responses where, there was a highly statistically significant increase of the mean score of all domains among participants working at the NGOs/private hospitals compared to governmental hospitals (p<0.001). Conclusions: Egyptian pharmacists generally apply high percentage of ACCP competencies but the provided clinical pharmacy services need to be improved through applying the standards of best practice.

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Adunlin, Georges, and Kevin Pan. "Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes and Perceptions toward Financial Management Education." Healthcare 10, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040683.

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(1) Background: Pharmacy-related financial management training and education are an integral part of the pharmacy curriculum. This study aims to evaluate pharmacy students’ perceptions toward financial management education, their attitudes on its clinical relevance, and their ability to use financial management knowledge in introductory and advanced pharmacy practice experiences. (2) Methods: An online survey was sent to third- and fourth-year pharmacy students. The survey assessed the following three themes: perceptions toward financial management education; attitudes toward the clinical relevance of financial management education; and the student’s ability to use knowledge of financial management in practice. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. (3) Results: The overall response rate for the survey was 60% (139/233). Overall, the study showed a positive perception and attitude toward financial management education. Results indicate that pharmacy students were confident in their ability to use financial management knowledge in pharmacy practice. (4) Conclusions: This survey found an overall optimism in financial management education’s role in pharmacy practice and the ability to obtain financial management competencies in professional pharmacy training. With the evolving practice requirements, pharmacy schools should adapt their financial management curricula with relevant skills to prepare students to become effective entrepreneurs, innovators, and practice leaders.

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Ahmed Abousheishaa, Aya, Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Hasniza Zaman Huri, Syahrir Zaini, Nurul Adha Othman, Zulhilmi bin Aladdin, and Ng Chong Guan. "Global Scope of Hospital Pharmacy Practice: A Scoping Review." Healthcare 8, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020143.

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The pharmacy profession has undergone tremendous changes over the past few decades. Pharmacists’ roles have expanded their boundaries to encompass more patient-centered services. However, the degree to which these roles are practised may vary. This scoping review is aimed at describing the extent and range of the professional pharmacy services offered in hospital pharmacies across different countries and the barriers underlying inappropriate or incomplete implementation of these services. Studies published in the English language between 2015 and 2019 were retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EBSCO Discovery Service, and Web of Science. A thematic analysis across the included studies produced two main themes. “Scope of practice” comprised three subthemes: pharmaceutical care practice, clinical pharmacy practice, and public health services and “Multiple levels of influence” comprised five subthemes: individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy-related factors. The hospital pharmacy services across countries ranged from traditional drug-centered pharmacy practice to a more progressive, clinically oriented practice. In some countries, there is an apparent inadequacy in the clinical pharmacy services provided compared to other clinical settings. Understanding the current pharmacy practice culture across different health care systems is an essential step towards improving the profession.

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Wang, Hong-Chen, Lan-Ying Chen, and Alan H. Lau. "Pharmacy Practice and Education in the People's Republic of China." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 10 (October 1993): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302701019.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the pharmacy profession and the education programs available to train pharmacists in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The practice of pharmacy in the hospital setting and the current development of clinical services are also described. BACKGROUND: There are two streams of medical practices in the PRC: traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Hospital and community pharmacies are responsible for the dispensing of medicinals used for both streams of medical practices. Forty-two colleges of pharmacy offer pharmacy education, half of which provide a Western medicine approach and the other half traditional Chinese medicine. Both types of colleges offer a four-year curriculum with options for specialization. Opportunities for graduate study are also available. Most of the graduates work in hospital pharmacies. Hospital pharmacies participate in the bulk manufacture of drugs and parenteral fluids. A bulk dispensing system is used by some hospitals; individual patient doses are dispensed in others. Recently, the need to develop clinical pharmacy services in PRC was recognized and training courses were begun. Curricula with specialization in clinical pharmacy are being considered by colleges of pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that through increased awareness of the potential contribution of pharmacists in the PRC healthcare system, more opportunities for educating pharmacists will be made available to satisfy the vast need of the country. Development of clinical pharmacy services also will be expected to improve the quality of care provided.

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Zuckerman, Autumn D., Pratish C. Patel, Mark Sullivan, Amy Potts, Molly Knostman, Elizabeth Humphreys, Michael O’Neal, et al. "From natural disaster to pandemic: A health-system pharmacy rises to the challenge." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 23 (May 16, 2020): 1986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa180.

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Abstract Purpose This report describes a health-system pharmacy’s response to a natural disaster while staff members simultaneously prepared for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By detailing our experience, we hope to help other institutions that are current facing or could encounter similar crises. Summary In early March 2020, a tornado destroyed the health system’s warehouse for storage of most clinical supplies, including personal protective equipment and fluids. The pharmacy purchasing team collaborated with suppliers and manufacturers to recover losses and establish alternative storage areas. Days later, the pharmacy department was forced to address the impending COVID-19 pandemic. Key elements of the COVID-19 response included reducing the potential for virus exposure for patients and staff; overcoming challenges in sourcing of staff, personal protective equipment, and medications; and changing care delivery practices to maintain high-quality patient care while maximizing social distancing. The pharmacy department also created distance learning opportunities for 70 pharmacy students on rotations. After an initial plan, ongoing needs include adjustment in patient care activities if significant staff losses occur, when and how to resume clinical activities, and how to best utilize the resources accumulated. Elements of practice changes implemented to reduce COVID-19 threats to patients and pharmacy personnel have proven beneficial and will be further evaluated for potential continuation. Conclusion The pharmacy department’s efforts to respond to a natural disaster and unprecedented pandemic have proven successful to this point and have illuminated several lessons, including the necessity of cohesive department communication, staff flexibility, prioritization of teamwork, and external collaboration.

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Steen, Allison, and Jessica Bovio Franck. "Improving clinic utilization and workload capture for clinical pharmacy specialists." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 7 (February 15, 2020): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa008.

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Abstract Purpose To assess a quality improvement initiative aimed at improving clinic utilization and encounter and intervention workload capture for clinical pharmacy specialists. This initiative aided in justification of clinical pharmacy services, identification of clinical areas for intervention, and incorporation of all modalities to appropriately document clinical care. Methods In order to objectively demonstrate clinical pharmacy service value to stakeholders, pharmacy administrators and clinical pharmacy specialists at the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System performed clinic scheduling and profile reviews using data extracted from the Veterans Health Administration electronic health record and analytic software. Outpatient clinical pharmacy specialty practice areas were primarily investigated; the specialty areas included are as follows: cardiology, infectious disease, mental health, oncology, pain management/palliative care, and specialty clinics (a collection of medical and surgical subspecialties). The first intervention entailed completing a worksheet and assessing clinic utilization data. Then, an evaluation was performed to assess the number of encounters, clinical interventions, clinic modalities, and coding for each clinic. Next, a meeting was arranged with each like clinical pharmacy specialist practice group to discuss this collected data. During these meetings, the delineation of where workload was generated and the activities taking place in an average workday were discussed. Finally, clinics were adjusted to reflect appropriate clinic coding and mapping of the average workday. Metrics were evaluated pre intervention (October through December 2017) and post intervention (July through September 2018). Results After intervention, there were statistically significant increases in clinic utilization, total encounters completed, and total interventions recorded in the composite group of clinical pharmacy specialists. Conclusion The increases in clinic utilization, total encounters, and interventions observed for the clinical pharmacy specialists suggest the beneficial role of pharmacy administrators’ collaboration with clinical pharmacy specialists to improve workload capture and access to quality care, to justify clinical pharmacy services, and to identify opportunities for pharmacy clinical intervention.

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Boyina, Sivamanoj Yadav, Tim Stokes, Angela Renall, and Rhiannon Braund. "Clinical pharmacist facilitators in primary care: a descriptive study of their roles and services provided in general practices of southern New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 1 (2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19073.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONInternationally, the inclusion of pharmacists into general practice as clinical pharmacy facilitators has improved patient outcomes. However, clinical pharmacists are relatively new to southern New Zealand general practices and their range of services has not been studied. AIMSTo describe the implementation of clinical pharmacist services in general practices in the Southern region; to examine the tasks conducted by clinical pharmacy facilitators; and to determine the characteristics of patients who access this service. METHODSThe establishment and development of the clinical pharmacy facilitator role was determined by documentation held within the local Primary Health Organisation. The activities performed by clinical pharmacy facilitators were collected from patient medical records for the period 31 March 2015 to 31 March 2018. To describe the characteristics of patients receiving these services, a retrospective case note review of patients seen by the facilitators was conducted. RESULTSThe clinical pharmacy facilitator role was initiated with three pharmacists in three geographical locations across the region. Within 18 months, the number of facilitators was increased to eight. As a result of collaboration with the general practice team, 42% of referrals came from general practitioners directly. Overall, 2621 medicine-related problems were identified in 2195 patients. Dosage adjustment was the most common recommendation made by pharmacy facilitators. They consulted mostly older patients and patients taking five or more medicines. DISCUSSIONWith effective collaboration, clinical pharmacy facilitators can play a key role in optimisation of medicines therapy.

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Johnson, Samuel G. "Leading clinical pharmacogenomics implementation: Advancing pharmacy practice." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 72, no. 15 (August 1, 2015): 1324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp140613.

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Traynor, Kate. "VA pharmacy aims high for clinical practice." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 71, no. 11 (June 1, 2014): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/news140039.

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Levin, Robert H. "Clinical Pharmacy Practice in a Pediatric Clinic." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 40, no. 6 (June 2006): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.140024.

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American College of Clinical Pharma, Janet P. Engle, Brian L. Erstad, Douglas C. Anderson, Mason H. Bucklin, Alexandre Chan, Amy R. Donaldson, et al. "Minimum Qualifications for Clinical Pharmacy Practice Faculty." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 34, no. 5 (April 23, 2014): e38-e44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1422.

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Bektay, Muhammed Yunus, Mesut Sancar, Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo, and Fikret Vehbi Izzettin. "Time to change to improve health: clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care education in Turkey." Journal of Ideas in Health 3, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol3.iss1.19.

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The practice of clinical pharmacy had a positive impact on the profession by giving pharmacists more job opportunities. Moreover, the pharmacy began to gain the status it deserved, which was lost many years ago. In this paper, we aimed to give a brief explanation of the clinical pharmacy philosophy and definition of pharmaceutical care. What are the general and specific roles of clinical pharmacists in the modern world healthcare system? Also, how to implement clinical pharmacy in education to obtain competent pharmacists. We shared our observation and experience, specifically on the progress of implementation of clinical pharmacy education in Turkey. The stepwise method has been successfully followed in the implementation of clinical pharmacy education in Turkey. In the undergraduate program, the first step taken was the addition of clinical courses, such as the role of clinical pharmacy, patient education, etc. and practical hospital rounds (internal medicine, pediatrics, and surgery). The post-graduate program, such as master (MSc) and doctoral (Ph.D.) degrees, also offered to prepare clinically oriented pharmacy academicians. The continuous education programs were structured to implement clinical pharmacy idea for the pharmacists in practice. In conclusion, the stepwise approach significantly smoothed the transition from the product-oriented to the patient-oriented pharmacy education. Moreover, the adoption of the skills education system to educate pharmacists needs to review the policy regularly and gradually change it accordingly.

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Elmaaty, Mahmoud A., Ahmed A. Elberry, Raghda R. Hussein, Doaa M. Khalil, and Amani E. Khalifa. "Applicability of American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 3 (July 17, 2020): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.3.1951.

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Parthasarathi, Gurumurthy, Madhan Ramesh, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, and Bahubali Gundappa Nagavi. "Clinical Pharmacy in a South Indian Teaching Hospital." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 36, no. 5 (May 2002): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1a223.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe how clinical pharmacy is helping to improve medication use at a South Indian teaching hospital by addressing medication use problems, which are commonly encountered in India. SUMMARY: Clinical pharmacy is practiced in many countries and makes a significant contribution to improved drug therapy and patient care. India is a country with significant problems with medication use, but until recently Indian pharmacists have not been educated for a patient-care role. Postgraduate pharmacy practice programs have been established at 2 pharmacy colleges in South India as a result of a joint Indo-Australian program of cooperation. At a teaching hospital associated with the colleges, clinical pharmacy services such as drug information, medication counseling, drug therapy review, adverse drug reaction reporting, and the preparation of antibiotic guidelines are assisting clinicians to improve drug therapy and patient care. Seven hundred twenty-seven requests for drug information were received from July 1997 to February 2001, and 543 suspected adverse drug reactions were evaluated from November 1997 to February 2001. The most common drug classes causing adverse drug reactions were antibiotics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and antitubercular agents. Physician opinion and service utilization have also been surveyed: 82% of respondents had sought drug information from the Clinical Pharmacy Department and 71% of respondents had sought advice on individual patient management. The success of this program is raising awareness of clinical pharmacy among pharmacy educators elsewhere in India and has led to the introduction of clinical pharmacy services at other Indian hospitals.

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Laven, David L., and William R. Martin. "Justification for Hospital-Based Nuclear Pharmacy Services." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2, no. 3 (June 1989): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719008900200304.

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Diversification is the greatest survival strategy available to hospital pharmacy today. Nuclear pharmacy is a growing field within institutional pharmacy practice and can help ensure the profession's participation in new technologies and clinical support roles. Nuclear pharmacy practice parallels hospital pharmacy practice in many areas including procurement, compounding, dispensing, quality assessment, and drug use review. Particularly important to the practice of pharmacy are the clinical contributions by nuclear pharmacists in areas such as product selection, drug interactions and interferences, and assisting the physician in the interpretation of nuclear medicine imaging data. Hospital-based nuclear pharmacy services are closely allied with nuclear medicine and radiology, which have felt the effects of changing trends in third party reimbursement. It has been shown repeatedly that nuclear pharmacists can make an impact on the quality of nuclear medicine services, while improving the cost effectiveness of these services. For the past several years, only a few hospital pharmacies have made attempts to provide services to nuclear medicine or radiology departments. Pharmacy has a professional responsibility and obligation to become involved with the use of legend drugs routinely used (or soon to be introduced) within these departments. Nuclear pharmacy is an area in the hospital where pharmacy can make a solid financial impact and broaden its scope of recognition and value.

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Amir, Muhammad. "Clinical pharmacy practice: An activity based definition for pharmacy students of developing countries." Archives of Pharmacy Practice 3, no. 3 (2012): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2045-080x.116595.

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Pastakia, Sonak D., William R. Vincent, Imran Manji, Evelyn Kamau, and Ellen M. Schellhase. "Clinical Pharmacy Consultations Provided by American and Kenyan Pharmacy Students During an Acute Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 75, no. 3 (April 11, 2011): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe75342.

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Krishna G, Sai. "Doctor of Pharmacy: A New Born and Emerging Course in India." Volume 1, Issue 1 : October 2015 – December 2015 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2015.v01i01.08.

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The intention behind this review work is to enable every single individual around the India thoroughly understand the emerging field in Indian pharmacy i.e., Pharm.D, newly introduced in 2008 by the Pharmacy Council of India. It gives a doctorate degree after five years of graduation and one year internship in a hospital. Clinical pharmacy denotes the practice of pharmacy beside the bed side of the patient. The Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) degree, is a professional doctor degree in pharmacy and is a global program in pharmacy education. As the practice of pharmacy evolves, requiring more clinically oriented healthcare providers, Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs expand their training to more hospital sites to expose students to the provision of safe, effective, and economic drug therapy to patients.

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Andreski, Michael, Erica Martin, Victoria Valentine Brouner, and Sarah Sorum. "Advancing Community Pharmacy Practice – A Technician Product Verification Pilot to Optimize Care." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i2.2340.

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Elevating the technical role of pharmacy technicians to perform Technician Product Verification (TPV) is one strategy that has shown promise to optimize pharmacy practice models. This is done by better positioning pharmacists to provide clinical care, in line with their education and expertise. TPV permits a Validated Pharmacy Technician, as defined by the Wisconsin Pharmacy Examining Board, to verify the accuracy of a product filled by another technician. The pharmacist maintains responsibility for assessing the clinical appropriateness of the prescription, including drug utilization review, data entry, and patient counseling. During the study period, 12,891 pharmacist-verified prescriptions (baseline) and 27,447 Validated Pharmacy Technician-verified prescriptions were audited for accuracy. The aggregate verification error rate for pharmacist-verified prescriptions was 0.16% and 0.01% for Validated Pharmacy Technician-verified prescriptions. The mean error rate was significantly less for Validated Pharmacy Technician-verified prescriptions than for pharmacist-verified prescriptions (0.19 ± 0.174 % vs 0.03 ± 0.089 %, p=0.020) (Figure 3). This suggests TPV in the community pharmacy setting maintained patient safety. In this study, Validated Pharmacy Technicians were shown to be more accurate than pharmacists at performing product verification. The ability to delegate the product verification task holds the potential to free up pharmacist time for increased direct patient care. Increasing direct patient care by pharmacists in community pharmacies may have significant implications for improving patient outcomes and pharmacy quality. Article Type: Original Research

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Lai, Josephine S., Glenn Yokoyama, Clifton Louie, and Jim Lightwood. "Impact of Computerized Prescriber Order Entry (CPOE) on Clinical Pharmacy Practice: A Hypothesis-Generating Study." Hospital Pharmacy 42, no. 10 (October 2007): 931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4210-931.

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Since the Institute of Medicine's 1999 landmark report on patient safety, much literature have been published to show the advantages and disadvantages of information systems such as computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) on improving the delivery of health care. The primary end points of this study were to assess the potential impact of CPOE on patient safety, as well as pharmacy practice and profession—based on the experience and/or opinions of selected pharmacy leaders in California. A qualitative method using multidimensional scaling (MDS), a hypothesis generating tool, was used for data analysis. Most pharmacy leaders held positive opinions regarding the impact of CPOE on the pharmacy practice and the profession, with varying concerns regarding its impact on practice and safety. The MDS analysis showed that leaders from community hospitals held the most optimistic beliefs on CPOE's impact compared with leaders from the academic medical centers and government hospitals whom held concerns over the effect on pharmacy workflow, staffing requirements, and safety. Further studies with more observations should be conducted to assess the impact of CPOE on the pharmacy department.

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Papadopoulos, Vassilios, Dana Goldman, Clay Wang, Michele Keller, and Steven Chen. "Looking Ahead to 2030: Survey of Evolving Needs in Pharmacy Education." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010059.

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In order to keep pharmacy education relevant to a rapidly-evolving future, this study sought to identify key insights from leaders from a broad array of pharmacy and non-pharmacy industries on the future of the pharmacy profession, pharmaceutical sciences, and pharmacy education. Thought leaders representing a variety of industries were surveyed regarding their perspectives on the future of pharmacy practice, pharmaceutical science disciplines, and pharmacy education in seven domains. From 46 completed surveys, top challenges/threats were barriers that limit clinical practice opportunities, excessive supply of pharmacists, and high drug costs. Major changes in the drug distribution system, automation/robotics, and new therapeutic approaches were identified as the top technological disrupters. Key drivers of pharmacy education included the primary care provider shortage, growing use of technology and data, and rising drug costs. The most significant sources of job growth outside of retail and hospital settings were managed care organizations, technology/biotech/pharmaceutical companies, and ambulatory care practices. Needs in the industry included clinical management of complex patients, leadership and management, pharmaceutical scientists, and implementation science. Knowledge gaps were pharmacists not recognizing their value on the health care team, preparation to embrace and lead change, and expertise in data science and analytics. Pharmacy schools will need to address several disruptive trends to future-proof their curricula, including expanding patient management skills, leadership and management training, technology, and data analytics.

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Swetenham, Kate, Debra Rowett, and David Stephenson. "Clinical networks influencing policy and practice: the establishment of advanced practice pharmacist roles for specialist palliative care services in South Australia." Australian Health Review 38, no. 2 (2014): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13030.

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Objectives To operationalise the concept of ‘advanced practice roles’ in pharmacy within the new integrated regionalised palliative care service model outlined in the Palliative Care Services Plan 2009–2016, SA Health. Methods A working group was established under the auspices of the Palliative Care Clinical Network to progress the development of advanced practice pharmacist roles for regionalised palliative care services. A pharmacy stakeholder forum was conducted in December 2010 to provide further guidance on the advanced practice pharmacist roles in the following domains: education; network links and partnerships; quality and safety; and research. Results Advanced practice pharmacist positions were created for each of the three regionalised palliative care services in South Australia (SA). Funding was obtained for a Statewide Palliative Care Pharmacy Network project, to build a sustainable community-based palliative care pharmacy network. Advanced practice pharmacists commenced in the regionalised palliative care services of SA on 4 October 2011. Conclusions The Statewide Palliative Care Clinical Network and the SA Palliative Care Plan provided a policy framework that supported involvement and advocacy in the planning of the advanced practice pharmacist roles. Collaboration between leaders in workforce reform, service planners, specialist palliative care providers and the pharmacy sector was a key enabler for developing the advanced practice pharmacist positions for regionalised palliative care services. What is known about the topic? The advanced practice palliative care pharmacist role reflects a new direction for the discipline of pharmacy and has been embraced at a time when a nationally endorsed Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework has been published, while recognising that registration for pharmacists in Australia currently does not have specific endorsement for advanced practice. What does this paper add? This paper outlines the value of collaboration across settings and sectors. There is an opportunity for these roles to align with the new nationally endorsed framework for advanced practice in pharmacy. What are the implications for practitioners? These new positions strengthen the links between the hospital and community pharmacy sectors to enhance a quality use of medicines approach with improved access to end-of-life medicines for home-based palliative care clients, which actively facilitates a home death for those who choose it.

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Bhatt-Mehta, Varsha, Marcia L. Buck, Allison M. Chung, Elizabeth Anne Farrington, Tracy M. Hagemann, David S. Hoff, Joseph M. LaRochelle, et al. "Recommendations for Meeting the Pediatric Patient's Need for a Clinical Pharmacist: A Joint Opinion of the Pediatrics Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy and the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-17.3.281.

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Children warrant access to care from clinical pharmacists trained in pediatrics. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pediatrics Practice and Research Network (ACCP Pediatrics PRN) released an opinion paper in 2005 with recommendations for improving the quality and quantity of pediatric pharmacy education in colleges of pharmacy, residency programs, and fellowships. While progress has been made in increasing the availability of pediatric residencies, there is still much to be done to meet the direct care needs of pediatric patients. The purpose of this Joint Opinion paper is to outline strategies and recommendations for expanding the quality and capacity of pediatric clinical pharmacy practitioners by 1) elevating the minimum expectations for pharmacists entering practice to provide pediatric care; 2) standardizing pediatric pharmacy education; 3) expanding the current number of pediatric clinical pharmacists; and 4) creating an infrastructure for development of pediatric clinical pharmacists and clinical scientists. These recommendations may be used to provide both a conceptual framework and action items for schools of pharmacy, health care systems, and policymakers to work together to increase the quality and quantity of pediatric training, practice, or research initiatives.

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Rupp, Michael T. "Apocalypse Now?" Annals of Pharmacotherapy 51, no. 10 (June 13, 2017): 921–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028017715477.

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Despite the wishful thinking of those who have long prophesied an imminent surge in demand for clinical pharmacists, the tipping point for healthy supply-demand balance in pharmacy has almost certainly been surpassed. Imprudent overbuilding of pharmacy programs has combined with trends toward increasing automation and consolidation in pharmacy practice to create an existential threat in pharmacy education. Surviving the looming industry shakeout will require schools and colleges of pharmacy to do what our colleagues in practice and the private sector have always done: compete.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice'

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