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Reshetnikov, M. M., and T. Ulasen. "Psychological Analysis of Aggressive Tendencies in Adolescents Firstly Entered Socio-Protective Institution." Клиническая и специальная психология 7, no. 2 (2018): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2018070208.
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The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of aggressive and hostile tendencies among pupils of socio-protective institutions. In adolescents living in families, but found themselves in a difficult life situation, the prevalence of physical, verbal and indirect aggressiveness, significantly more frequently encountered irritability was revealed. In adolescents, orphans (true and social), on the contrary, the prevalence of negativism and the significantly more frequent suspicion are determined. The conducted research allows us to speak about two different reaction profiles in a collision with a new stressful situation in pupils of social protection institutions, depending on their belonging to the group. In one case, we are talking about the prevalence of the "aggressiveness index" (adolescents from families), in the case of orphanhood, the prevalence of hostile tendencies attracts attention. The data obtained are consistent with the results of the evaluation of traumatic experiences on the PIVIPSD questionnaire and the results of the determination of coping strategies of behavior, which is reflected in the article. It was concluded that there is a need for a differentiated approach in studying the issues of psychotraumatology in pupils of socio-protective institutions, one of the aspects of which should be a detailed study of aggressive and hostile tendencies at the affective, cognitive and behavioral levels. This approach explains the need to develop an appropriate algorithm for clinical, psychological and social assistance, depending on who belongs to the group.
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Basnet, Angela, Dhan Shrestha, Sabin Chaulagain, et al. "Psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of poisoning in Nepal: an institutional experience." F1000Research 10 (July 12, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54327.1.
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Background Poisoning has become a major public health problem, with the intent in most cases being self-harm and commit suicide. This study highlights the psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of patients visiting Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital after poisoning. Methods This retrospective record-based study was done among poisoning patients of a hospital in Nepal from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. Data were analyzed using STATA version-15. Results Out of 134 total poisoning cases, 71 had consumed organophosphate compounds. The majority of the cases were female (59.2% in organophosphate groups, 69.8% in non-organophosphate groups). The circumstances of poisoning were mostly suicidal (95.8% in organophosphate groups, 90.5% in non-organophosphate groups) and the reasons for this being mostly family disputes. Organophosphate groups had 8.41 times higher odds of having complications when compared to non-organophosphorus compounds. Conclusions The majority of the poisoning cases were suicidal in nature and family disputes being the major reason for the intake of a poisonous substance. This demands that more attention be given to psychological and family counseling to resolve any disputes, as well as psychological management of poisoning cases after medical management. Also, a strong regulatory mechanism should be imposed to control the easy access to poisonous substances.
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Basnet, Angela, Dhan Shrestha, Sabin Chaulagain, et al. "Psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of poisoning in Nepal: an institutional experience." F1000Research 10 (August 31, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54327.2.
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Background Poisoning has become a major public health problem, with the intent in most cases being self-harm and commit suicide. This study highlights the psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of patients visiting Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital after poisoning. Methods This retrospective record-based study was done among poisoning patients of a hospital in Nepal from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. Data were analyzed using STATA version-15. Results Out of 134 total poisoning cases, 71 had consumed organophosphate compounds. The majority of the cases were female (59.2% in organophosphate groups, 69.8% in non-organophosphate groups). The circumstances of poisoning were mostly suicidal (95.8% in organophosphate groups, 90.5% in non-organophosphate groups) and the reasons for this being mostly family disputes. Organophosphate groups had 8.41 times higher odds of having complications when compared to non-organophosphorus compounds. Conclusions The majority of the poisoning cases were suicidal in nature and family disputes being the major reason for the intake of a poisonous substance. This demands that more attention be given to psychological and family counseling to resolve any disputes, as well as psychological management of poisoning cases after medical management. Also, a strong regulatory mechanism should be imposed to control the easy access to poisonous substances.
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Pinquart, Martin, Jens P. Pfeiffer, and Katja Becker. "Perceived Attainment of Developmental Tasks in Adolescents With and Without Mental Disorders." Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 50, no. 2 (2018): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000190.
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Abstract. The present study compared the perceived attainment of developmental tasks of 220 adolescents diagnosed with anxiety disorder, attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, or depression with a matched sample of 220 peers without a mental illness. The clinical sample perceived lower success with solving personal, social, and socio-institutional developmental tasks compared with their healthy peers. Comparisons across diagnoses identified the largest differences between students with internalizing disorders (anxiety, depression) versus other disorders. We conclude that psychological interventions with adolescents with mental disorders should promote their attainment of age-typical developmental goals.
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Meeks, Lisa M., Ben Case, Melissa Plegue, Christopher J. Moreland, Sharad Jain, and Nichole Taylor. "National Prevalence of Disability and Clinical Accommodations in Medical Education." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212052096524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520965249.
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate and report the national prevalence of disability across undergraduate medical education (UME) and examine differences in the category of disability, and accommodation practices between allopathic (MD)- and osteopathic (DO)-granting programs. Methods: Between May 20 and June 30, 2020, 75% of institutional representatives at eligible DO schools responded to a web-based survey. The survey assessed the aggregate prevalence of disabled DO students, prevalence of DO students by category of disability, and prevalence of accommodations granted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize results. Using 2019 MD data, comparisons were made between MD and DO programs to calculate overall prevalence and differences in accommodation practices across undergraduate medical education. Results: DO-granting programs reported a disability prevalence of 4.27% of the total enrollment. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychological disabilities, and chronic health disabilities were reported most frequently. DO-granting programs reported higher rates of ADHD than the MD-granting program. The national pooled prevalence of disability across MD- and DO-granting programs was 4.52%. MD-granting programs reported a higher number of students with disabilities and higher rates of psychological disabilities when compared with DO-granting programs. One hundred percent of DO students disclosing disability received some form of accommodation. General clinical accommodations were more frequently provided in MD-granting programs when compared to DO-granting programs. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive prevalence of US medical student disability and accommodations. Additionally, these data may serve as a benchmark for DO programs, with implications for curricular development, instructional planning and disability support, and resource allocation in medical education.
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Frizon, Leonardo A., Olivia Hogue, Rebecca Achey, et al. "Quality of Life Improvement Following Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease: Development of a Prognostic Model." Neurosurgery 85, no. 3 (2018): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy287.
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Abstract BACKGROUND There is a growing attention to determine the factors that predict quality of life (QoL) improvement after deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease. Prior literature has largely focused on examining predictors one at a time, sometimes controlling for covariates. OBJECTIVE To develop a model that could be used as a nomogram to predict improvement in QoL following DBS surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS All patients with complete pre- and postoperative movement disorder and neuropsychological testing who underwent DBS at a single institution between 2007-2012 were analyzed. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) was used to measure QoL. Potential predictive factors, including patient demographics, clinical presentation characteristics, radiographic imaging, and motor and psychological testing were analyzed for impact on QoL. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were identified, 36 (53.73%) of whom had meaningfully improved QoL following surgery. Five baseline variables showed significant relationships with the outcome: years since symptom onset, percent change in on/off motor evaluation, levodopa equivalent daily dose, bilateral vs unilateral DBS implantation, and PDQ-39 score. The final model includes PDQ-39, percent change in UPRS-III, and years since symptom onset and is able to predict improvement in QoL with 81% accuracy. CONCLUSION Our model accurately predicted whether QoL would improve in patients undergoing subthalamic nucleus DBS 81% of the time. Our data may serve as the foundation to further refine a clinically relevant prognostic tool that would assist the decision-making process for clinicians and DBS multidisciplinary teams assessing patient candidacy for surgery.
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Andrade, Claudia. "Professional work load and work-to-school conflict in working students: The mediating effect of psychological detachment from work." Psychology, Society, & Education 10, no. 2 (2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v10i2.1777.
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In recent years there Portuguese higher education institutions have been aiming to attract more people to the educational system that are either in the labor market by offering evening and weekend graduate academic programs. Blending work and school is a demanding task and, so far, at the country level this phenomenon has received relatively little empirical attention. The purpose of the study is to build on existing work‐to-school conflict literature and to explore a possible relationship between professional work load on work-to-school conflicts among working students enrolled in a master program. Moreover we test the role of psychological detachment from work as mediator in this process. This model was tested, through path analysis, using 152 working students, 88 women and 64 men, enrolled as fulltime students in evening and weekend master programs.. The model showed an adequate fit to the data, suggesting that the influence of professional work load on work-to-school conflict is fully mediated by psychological detachment from work. These findings unveil a new perspective on working students enrolled in postgraduate school, pointing out the importance of psychological detachment from work to a better understand the impact of blending work and school. Contributions to the work-school literature, future research directions, and limitations of the study are discussed.
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Боряк, Оксана, та Лариса Одинченко. "МОЛОДШІ ШКОЛЯРІ З ГІПЕРАКТИВНИМ РОЗЛАДОМ ІЗ ДЕФІЦИТОМ УВАГИ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОГО ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО ПРОСТОРУ". Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, № 5-6(99-100) (31 серпня 2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24139/2312-5993/2020.05-06/012-023.
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The article considers peculiarities of teaching, upbringing and development of children with special educational needs in the conditions of the modern educational space – an inclusive education institution. Among modern children of both preschool and primary school age, a special place is occupied by schoolchildren with hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit. The specificity of disorder manifestations has a negative impact on their behavior, causes certain difficulties during assimilation of the educational material, affects the level of formation of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities. The purpose of the article is to study and summarize the data on the justification and definition of the concept of “hyperactivity disorder with attention deficit”; to analyze and systematize the etiology, the specifics of disorders manifestations in junior schoolchildren in the modern educational space. To achieve this goal, the theoretical methods were used: analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific data in the field of medicine, psychology, neuropsychology, special pedagogy on the problem of scientific search – to determine the state of its development and promising areas for its further implementation. The practical significance of the study is to identify the features of the disorder for further development and justification of effective methods of educational and developmental work with the selected category of schoolchildren. The study found out that Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a polymorphic clinical syndrome, the main manifestations of which are a violation of the child’s ability to control and regulate his/her behavior, which is manifested in motor hyperactivity, attention deficit and impulsivity. These disorder manifestations negatively affect the level of assimilation of information by the child, reduce its volume, cause difficulties in establishing interpersonal relationships with both adults and peers. This makes the child vulnerable, prevents his/her normal entry into the educational environment, affects his/her further socialization. We see the prospect of further research in the development and justification of the experimental methods for identifying the features of manifestation of the hyperactivity disorder with attention deficit in junior schoolchildren; development and substantiation of the algorithm of psychological and pedagogical support of the selected category of children for the purpose of partial or complete correction of behavioral disorders.
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Negreira, Katherine, Jessica Gibilisco, Vinay Rao, Jenny Dave, and Marie Borum. "P030 WHAT ABOUT DEPRESSION? INCREASED DISCUSSION BY GASTROENTEROLOGISTS MAY BE NEEDED." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, Supplement_1 (2020): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/zaa010.150.
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Abstract Introduction Studies have reported an increased prevalence of depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Depression rates have been reported as high as 21.2% in IBD patients compared to 13.4% in healthy controls (1). Addressing depression and improvement in psychological health has been associated with decrease in IBD-related morbidity, reduction in health-care utilization and improvement in quality of life (2). This study evaluated the rate at which gastroenterology providers discussed or documented depression and /or anxiety in IBD patients. Methods A 5-year chart review of all IBD patients seen in a university GI clinic was conducted. A confidential database using Microsoft Excel included patient age, gender, race, disease type, depression or anxiety (in GI notes or remainder of electronic medical record) was created. Statistical analysis using Fisher’s Exact Test was performed with significance set at p<0.05. The study was approved by the institutional IRB. Results 381 records of IBD patients were reviewed. There were 209 females and 172 males (mean age 44 years; range 20–82). 96 had Crohn’s disease, 279 had Ulcerative Colitis, and 6 had indeterminate colitis. Self-reported race/ethnicity included 195 White, 97 African American (AA), 11 Asian, 1 Hawaiian, 34 other and 43 did not document an ethnicity. 66 (17.32%) patients had depression and/or anxiety, 298 (78.22%) did not have depression and/or anxiety and 17 (4.46%) patients did not have documentation of mental health discussion during appointments. In patients with depression and/or anxiety, 46.97% had it documented by a gastroenterology provider. There was no statistically significant difference of depression and / or anxiety based upon gender (p=1.000), ethnicity (White vs AA p=1.000; White vs Asian p=0.2129; Asian vs AA p=0.208) or disease type (p=0.091). Conclusion Depression is reported to occur more frequently in patients with IBD compared to the general population. However, this study revealed that university gastroenterology providers did not consistently document the presence of or a discussion about depression and/or anxiety. While this study is limited based upon size and single institution design, it suggests that increased attention to psychological health is needed in IBD patients to optimize health and clinical outcomes. References
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Kalmykov, H. "PSYCHOTHERAPY: DISCUSSION ISSUES OF TRAINING AND ACTIVITIES OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PROFESSIONALS." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2021.1.227183.
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The article deals with highlighting of the results of psychological problem analysis demanded by the current state of the development of psychotherapy – medical and psychological science and practice of treatment by word; establishing the relationship between psychology, psychiatry and psychotherapy, which has been recently formed in the world practice on providing psychological care; identifying the ideas of scientists and practitioners working in the field of psychotherapy, the strategies and tactics of training future psychotherapists in universities. The article presents debatable, sometimes diametrically opposed, views of domestic and foreign scientists (physicians, practicing psychotherapists and supervisors) on the definition of their own, different from each other, subjects in psychology, psychiatry and psychotherapy - sciences related to a common object of study – the human psyche, as well as which of the specialists who provide psychological assistance has the right to work as a psychotherapist. Considerable attention in the content of this article is paid to the explanation of what points of view exist in the representatives of science, public organizations, medicine and psychology on the delimitation of psychotherapeutic functions and powers of psychotherapists at present; showing how the competencies of psychiatrists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, medical psychotherapists and psychologists-psychotherapists differ, and what are the specific differences between them. The traditions and author’s understanding of training the future psychotherapists in medical and psychological institutions of higher education and retraining of specialists in the field of psychotherapy, as well as the role and importance of psycholinguistic knowledge, discursive skills, abilities and competencies in psychotherapeutic education are described. The results of monitoring the content of training the psychotherapists in medical and psychological institutions of higher education in the specialties: “clinical psychology”, “psychotherapy” are shown, the imperfection characteristic for the current psychotherapeutic education are described, and it is emphasized on existing of the problem of significant terminological disorder not only among the names of specialities acording to which the psychotherapists are trained, but also in the educational and professional qualifications received by future specialists. It is proved that regardless of the medical or psychological sphere in psychotherapy, it cannot exist and develop in a promising direction without applied psycholinguistics, which equips it with scientifically substatiated rational means, in particular speech-language psychotechnics, metamodels of psychological (discursive) influence, samples of psychotherapeutic discourses providing lapidary effective intervention in the subconscious and conscious layers of the psyche of clients / patients.
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Cassé, Julie F. H., Catrin Finkenauer, Mirjam Oosterman, Victor R. van der Geest, and Carlo Schuengel. "Family Conflict and Resilience in Parenting Self-Efficacy Among High-Risk Mothers." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 6 (2015): 1008–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515614280.
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Mothers with a history of institutional care in adolescence are often involved in high-conflict partner relationships, which may undermine relationships with children and confidence in oneself as a parent. Not all mothers think of themselves as bad parents under these circumstances. We turned to psychological resources as an explanation, focusing on mothers’ trait self-control. The negative association between family conflict and parenting self-efficacy was tested for moderation by self-control among 104 mothers with a history of institutionalization for behavioral problems and delinquency during adolescence. We found a negative association between current family conflict and parenting self-efficacy among mothers with low self-control, and no significant association among mothers with high self-control. This study draws attention to the needs of high-risk mothers in their parenting role and demonstrates that self-control is a potential resource for mothers to balance the load presented by conflict in their families. The findings suggest new avenues for intervention.
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Suprun, Daria, Tetiana Hrygorenko, and Zhanna Kovalchuk. "Historical and methodical bases of special psychologists’ professional training." International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies 6, no. 2 (2019): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6848.
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The article deals with historical and theoretical and methodological foundations of modern methodology of teaching psychology in the context of special psychologists’ education. Historical teaching experience of indicated discipline in domestic and foreign institutions of higher education is reviwed. The present historical and pedagogical analysis of students’ training and introduction of modern methodology of teaching psychology as a training discipline of penitentiary, special and clinical psychologists initiated by Academician of NAPS of Ukraine, Viktor Synov and his scientific school is delightened. The nature and structure of discipline are viewed. Particular attention is paid to finding and developing of the optimal set of methods of its providing, developing programs and definition of developed program’s efficiency. The practical results of scientists’ work in defining spheres are analyzed. The results of the experimental study of the motivational component of the professional readiness of psychologists (special, clinical) to work on a specialty in the structure of professional training are highlighted. The prospects for further research in the context of improving the psychological preparation of personnel for various types of special schools are outlined.
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Gindis, Boris. "Psychological characteristics of internationally adopted post-institutionalized children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 3, no. 1 (2014): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.133.
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Gindis, B. (2014). Psychological characteristics of internationally adopted post-institutionalized children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 35-42. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.133Aims: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder (FASD) is widely observed in internationally adopted (IA) post-institutionalized children. The specificity of FASD in IA children has significant practical implications and necessitates a modified methodology for identification and remediation.Design methods, and participants: Clinical case study with statistical analysis (simple frequency recorded in an Excel spreadsheet); quantitative and qualitative data was obtained through individual medical, neuropsychological, and educational assessments of 63 children, ages five to sixteen, adopted from Eastern Europe to the United States.Findings: FASD in international adoptees presents amplified characteristics typical for this condition, with the following specificities revealed in our research: rapid first-language loss and a particular pattern of English language learning; profound complex childhood trauma related to extreme deprivation and institutional upbringing; “mixed maturity” evident in impaired executive functions; low predictive accuracy during a pre-adoption screening for FASD conditions; general cognitive ability (IQ) being in the Low Average to Borderline range, with processing speed, attention, and working memory as the weakest cognitive skills; and academic achievements being higher than could be predicted based on cognitive abilities.Conclusions: FASD must be recognized as an educational handicap in our school system in order to change the outcomes for afflicted children. Educational remediation and cognitive-behavioral therapeutic intervention are the most effective remedial methods for IA children with FASD. Practical recommendations for adoptive parents include early identification and specialized remediation of “secondary” disabilities through concerted efforts of the school and family.
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Yurtsenyuk, Olga. "Peculiarities of nonpsychotic mental disorders in students depending on specialty they learn." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 28, issue 2 (103) (July 19, 2020): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927//2079-0325-v28-is2-2020-10.
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Health status of students at higher educational institutions draws attention of specialists in different fields of medicine. Comparison of mental health of different population groups determined that this issue is especially urgent concerning students. Objective of the study was investigation of peculiarities of nonpsychotic mental disorders (NPMD) among students depending on the specialty they learn, the year of studies, and sex. In the period from 2015 to 2017 a comprehensive examination including 1235 students was conducted keeping to the principles of bioethics and deontology. The following methods were applied: clinical, clinical-psychopathologic, clinical-epidemiologic, clinical-anamnestic, experimental-psychological and statistical. The study resulted in the following findings: 317 students out of 1235 of all the examined individuals were diagnosed with NPMD (25.67 %). In a gender aspect NPMD was found among 97 (30.60 %) males and 220 (69.40 %) females. The highest susceptibility to the development of NPMD was found among students on specialties “Pediatrics” and “Medical Psychology” — 48.48 %, and the lowest one — among the students of philosophic-theological faculty — 9.68 %. Firstyear and fifth-year students appeared to be the most susceptible to the development of NPMD. The results obtained should be considered in programming the system of preventive measures in order to timely find and treat the above disorders. Key words: nonpsychotic mental disorders, students, specialties of study, neurotic stress-related and somatoform disorders
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Hardy, Sally Elizabeth, Rebecca Malby, Nina Hallett, et al. "Introducing a People’s Academy into Higher Education." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 8, no. 1 (2018): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-10-2017-0075.
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Purpose The introduction of a People’s Academy (PA) within the School of Health and Social Care (HSC) at London South Bank University has created ripples across the pond that is Higher Education. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Working as a coproduction innovation hub, the PA celebrates inclusion of those with a lived experience of HSC services into the academic community as valued members of the teaching and learning team. In its second year the PA has gained attention and achieved a “highly commended” status from external regulating bodies. Findings In this paper the authors report on aspects arising from an entrepreneurial education approach. First, is the work-based learning experience students achieve within the Higher Education Institution (HEI) setting, preparing them for clinical placements and client encounters. Second are ripples of activity the PA work streams have sent throughout the academic staff via critically creative working practices as a process of entrepreneurial education. Conclusions focus on a sustainable approach to recovery and resilience (whether physical or psychological) and overall well-being that PA members recognise as a raised level of compassion for sustainable health and well-being for all. Social implications The work and enthusiasm of the PA as an authentic social engagement process rippling across the “University” experience; whether for students in the classroom or when working alongside academic staff, is identifiable in all aspects of academic activities. Most importantly is a positive gain in terms of knowledge, skills and confidence for the PA members themselves and their own well-being enhancement. Originality/value The PA approach to entrepreneurial education and work-based learning across the HEI setting is one of the first of its kind. This paper outlines core practices to achieve innovative coproduction approach that others may wish to replicate.
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Isaeva, E. R., A. D. Buzunova, and S. A. Buzunova. "PROBLEMS OF DISABILITY AND TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS." Scientific Notes of the I. P. Pavlov St. Petersburg State Medical University 25, no. 3 (2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2018-25-3-80-88.
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Introduction.This study focuses on the problem of early disability of patients with HIV-infection and treatment adherence and dispensary observation. Material and methods. The clinical and anamnestic analysis of 1136 out-patient records and medical records of patients registered at Saint-Petersburg State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare “Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases” and directed at medical and social examination was carried out. In addition, using the test methods we investigated the psychosocial characteristics of 76 patients who applied to the psychologist before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy, and assessed the treatment adherence a year after the start of treatment.Results.The results of the study indicated the increase in the proportion of patients at advanced stages of the disease, increased detection of HIV in older age groups. Late diagnosis of the disease is the cause of temporary disability and early disability of patients with HIV infection. The dynamics of the number of disabled persons due to HIV infection increasing. Men need more time to decide on dispensary care than women. The majority of patients with are men of working age, identified or sought medical care at the late stages of the disease. Women are more attentive to their health and have more complex treatment adherence than men. The interrelations of psychological and somatic characteristics with the level of adherence to medical recommendations were found.
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Sushanthi S, Meignana Arumugham Indiran, Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu, and Arthi Balasubramaniam. "Assessment of hospital anxiety and depression in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients in cancer institutes — A cross-sectional study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.3971.
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Individuals often encounter psychological distress after a diagnosis of cancer, especially head and neck cancer (HNC). Worries regarding restricted functions, facial disfigurement, waiting time for investigation and duration of hospital stay for treatment make them feel awful. Often this feeling goes unnoticed and is underestimated. We aimed to assess the prevalence of the dreadful feeling in terms of anxiety and depression in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two cancer-treating institutions in South India. About 357 freshly diagnosed HNC patients participated in the study. Pre-validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the anxiety and depression levels. Descriptive statistics was done to report socio-demographic, clinical variables and mean scores. Independent t-test and correlation test were done for comparison and association, respectively. Mean depression score for males and females was 11.481, 11.865, respectively. Mean anxiety score for males was 11.708 and 11.792 for females. There was a strong positive correlation between depression and anxiety score (0.864) among patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean anxiety and depression scores among gender, socioeconomic status, marital status and cancer stages (p>0.05). Newly diagnosed HNC patients had an abnormal level of anxiety and depression, which needs special attention and care during treatment for a better outcome.
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Sushanthi S, Meignana Arumugham Indiran, Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu, and Arthi Balasubramaniam. "Assessment of hospital anxiety and depression in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients in cancer institutes — A cross-sectional study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 7811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3971.
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Individuals often encounter psychological distress after a diagnosis of cancer, especially head and neck cancer (HNC). Worries regarding restricted functions, facial disfigurement, waiting time for investigation and duration of hospital stay for treatment make them feel awful. Often this feeling goes unnoticed and is underestimated. We aimed to assess the prevalence of the dreadful feeling in terms of anxiety and depression in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two cancer-treating institutions in South India. About 357 freshly diagnosed HNC patients participated in the study. Pre-validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the anxiety and depression levels. Descriptive statistics was done to report socio-demographic, clinical variables and mean scores. Independent t-test and correlation test were done for comparison and association, respectively. Mean depression score for males and females was 11.481, 11.865, respectively. Mean anxiety score for males was 11.708 and 11.792 for females. There was a strong positive correlation between depression and anxiety score (0.864) among patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean anxiety and depression scores among gender, socioeconomic status, marital status and cancer stages (p>0.05). Newly diagnosed HNC patients had an abnormal level of anxiety and depression, which needs special attention and care during treatment for a better outcome.
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Răşcanu, Ruxandra, Ruth Engel-Eldar, Melania Macovei, Alexandru Chitu, and Sorin Surugiu. "Psychological and Clinical Approaches to Attention Disorders." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 78 (May 2013): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.281.
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Wang, Simeng, Qi Sun, Lingling Zhai, Yinglong Bai, Wei Wei, and Lihong Jia. "The Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Overweight/Obese and Non-Overweight/Non-Obese Children/Adolescents in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030340.
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With the dramatic growth of the Chinese economy, the number of children/adolescents with being overweight/having obesity is increasing, which has a certain impact on their psychology, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. Our purpose was to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and odds ratios of depression and anxiety symptoms among overweight/obese children/adolescents and non-overweight/obese children/adolescents in China. As of July 2018, the three most comprehensive computerized academic databases in China have been systematically screened, namely China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases, Wanfang databases and Vip databases. The same operations are performed in PubMed and Web of Science (SCIE) databases without language restrictions. Case-control studies on prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in overweight/obese children/adolescents in China were analyzed. Study selection and evaluation were performed independently by three authors. Unweighted prevalence, pooled random-effects estimates of odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were all calculated. A total of 11 eligible studies involving 17,894 subjects were included. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in overweight/obese children/adolescents was significantly higher than that in non-overweight/non-obese children/adolescents (depression: 21.73% vs. 17.96%, OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.87, p = 0.003; anxiety: 39.80% vs. 13.99%, OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.79, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses conducted according to scale types showed that scale types have certain significance to evaluate the relationship between depression symptoms and overweight/obesity. The OR of depression symptoms between overweight/obese children/adolescents and non-overweight/non-obese children/adolescents was greatest on the Middle School Student Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS) was 2.06 (95% CI: 1.41, 3.02, I2 = 0.00%), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.25, I2 = 0.00%), and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.42, I2 = 0.00%). We concluded that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in overweight/obese children/adolescents in China is higher than that in the non-overweight/obese children/adolescents. The results of the study indicate that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among overweight/obese children/adolescents in Chinese medical institutions should receive more attention. Physical exercise and psychological interventions should be strengthened to prevent psychological problems. However, because of some clear limitations (no clinical interview and few studies), these results should be interpreted with caution.
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Klee, Steven H. "The Clinical Psychological Evaluation of Attention Deficit Disorder." Psychiatric Annals 16, no. 1 (1986): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19860101-09.
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Gordon, Audrey, and Stephen Wong. "The use of a structured guide to assess proxies of offending behaviours and change in custodial settings." Journal of Forensic Practice 17, no. 2 (2015): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-10-2013-0048.
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Purpose – Within controlled environments such as prisons or forensic facilities, strong sanctions and other factors can inhibit the expression of offence-linked behaviours otherwise observable in community settings. For example, institutional restrictions may distort the offender’s habitual expression of aggressive behaviours such that the individual’s aggressive characteristics are less intense or observable. Thus, the influences of controlled settings can make it difficult for staff to capture idiosyncratic evidence of change or lack thereof over time or with treatment. The purpose of this paper is to describe an assessment and measurement framework that can be used to assist treatment and correctional staff collectively focus attention on relevant characteristics and behaviours idiosyncratically linked to offending. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the terms “offence analogue behaviours (OAB)” to describe proxies of offence behaviours observable in controlled settings and “offence replacement behaviours (ORB)” as the contrasting positive, pro-social skills and strategies that the individual implements to change and manage problem areas linked to aggression and criminality. This paper discusses the application and practical utility of the framework and an associated assessment and measurement tool; the Offence Analogue and Offence Replacement Behaviour Guide (Gordon and Wong, 2009-2013). Findings – The OAB and ORB Guide has shown to be useful by directing the attention of treatment personnel to the here-and-now offence related behaviours displayed by offenders in custodial settings. In the absence of such focused attention, relevant proxy behaviours can often be masked in these highly controlled environments. The Guide is therefore a useful adjunct to identify such behaviours for treatment and for assessing treatment-related changes. Research limitations/implications – The OAB/ORB Guide was developed based on a conceptual framework derived from the empirical literature on correctional treatment, risk assessment, psychological theories and clinical practice. While there has been some positive pilot use of the Guide’s utility and preliminary research, at this point, empirical evidence is still lacking. Practical implications – The OAB/ORB Guide provides quantified and structured guidelines to assess offence proxy and offence replacement behaviours observable day-to-day within controlled environments, such as during custody or supervised release to the community. Originality/value – This guide was developed to assist staff with the identification, documentation and measurement of idiosyncratic negative and positive offence-related proxy behaviours observable across custodial or supervised contexts. Accordingly, the authors suggest that OAB/ORB guide information can be used to evaluate changes in risk over treatment and/or time. Further, the authors describe how this framework may enhance the efficacy of multi-disciplinary treatment and management teams. Two cases are used to illustrate the application of the Guide.
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Mikhailova, O. V. "System of Psychological and Pedagogical Support of Children with Severe Speech Disorders." Вестник практической психологии образования 4, no. 4 (2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2019040405.
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The article gives an example of the system of psychological and pedagogical support of children of preschool and primary school age with severe speech disorders in the conditions of “Adaptive school — kindergarten No. 292” of Omsk. Psychological-medical-pedagogical consultation is the link that allows you to track the dynamics and effectiveness of the adaptive institution specialists. The goals of psychological and pedagogical support are named, the main stages of psychological and pedagogical support of a child with severe speech disorders in the educational process are revealed. The example of interaction of the teacherpsychologist with the teacher-the speech therapist, the musical specialist, the instructor on physical education is given. The example of building a system of work of the institution clearly shows the need for interaction of all specialists of the institution in order to prepare children for education in secondary schools. Special attention is paid to work with parents and teachers to improve the psychological and pedagogical competence of all participants in the educational process.
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Mosaku, Monsurat Olusola, and Mohamed Najib Abdul Ghafar. "Conceptualization of Educational Persistence within Malaysian Higher Institution." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 8, no. 1 (2017): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2017010103.
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Psychological constructs have been empirically linked to academic performance (as measured by Grade Point Average) and its improvement. Focal amid these psychological constructs are Goal Orientation, Self-Regulated Strategies, Disposition to Persevere and Attention. However, researches have been dedicated on the relationship of a few of these variables to academic performance but have not been examined as a single framework incorporating the theoretical models of all these variables. This study thus investigates a composite integrated model of the above mentioned variables to assess the learning quality of students termed as Educational Persistence. Its attainment warrants the utilization of a questionnaire developmental model. This study conceptualizes Educational Persistence for Malaysian higher education based on Cohen and Swerdlik (2002) questionnaire development model.
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Olbrecht, Vanessa A., Sara E. Williams, Keith T. O’Conor, et al. "Guided relaxation-based virtual reality versus distraction-based virtual reality or passive control for postoperative pain management in children and adolescents undergoing Nuss repair of pectus excavatum: protocol for a prospective, randomised, controlled trial (FOREVR Peds trial)." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (2020): e040295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040295.
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IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) offers an innovative method to deliver non-pharmacological pain management. Distraction-based VR (VR-D) using immersive games to redirect attention has shown short-term pain reductions in various settings. To create lasting pain reduction, VR-based strategies must go beyond distraction. Guided relaxation-based VR (VR-GR) integrates pain-relieving mind–body based guided relaxation with VR, a novel therapy delivery mechanism. The primary aim of this study is to assess the impact of daily VR-GR, VR-D and 360 video (passive control) on pain intensity. We will also assess the impact of these interventions on pain unpleasantness, anxiety and opioid and benzodiazepine consumption. The secondary aim of this study will assess the impact of psychological factors (anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophising) on pain following VR.Methods and analysisThis is a single centre, prospective, randomised, clinical trial. Ninety children/adolescents, aged 8–18 years, presenting for Nuss repair of pectus excavatum will be randomised to 1 of 3 study arms (VR-GR, VR-D and 360 video). Patients will use the Starlight Xperience (Google Daydream) VR suite for 10 min. Patients randomised to VR-GR (n=30) will engage in guided relaxation/mindfulness with the Aurora application. Patients randomised to VR-D (n=30) will play 1 of 3 distraction-based games, and those randomised to the 360 video (n=30) will watch the Aurora application without audio instructions or sound. Primary outcome is pain intensity. Secondary outcomes include pain unpleasantness, anxiety and opioid and benzodiazepine consumption.Ethics and disseminationThis study follows Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials guidelines. The protocol was approved by the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center’s institutional review board. Patient recruitment began in July 2020. Written informed consent will be obtained for all participants. All information acquired will be disseminated via scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04351776.
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Rousseau, Cécile. "Mental Health Intervention for Violent Radicalization: The Quebec Model." Proceedings 77, no. 1 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021077011.
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The place of clinical, medical, or health professional interventions in addressing violent radicalization is a topic of ongoing debate. Although violent radicalization is primarily a social phenomenon with significant psychological dimensions, the high prevalence of mental health “issues” and past psychiatric diagnosis in lone actors suggests that it may be useful to distinguish socialized actors who have strong ties to structured extremist organizations from relatively socially isolated actors who claim, and even boast about, virtual affiliation to extremist groups. For the latter, the potential efficacy of mental health interventions should be considered. However, because of the risk of profiling, stigmatization of minorities, pathologizing social dissent, and resistance, clinical intervention may cause harm and should be carefully evaluated. Until the effectiveness of clinical interventions in reducing radical violence is improved through evaluative research, exchanges about existing clinical models can be useful to support practitioners in the field and provide initial insights about good and potentially harmful practices. The Quebec model of clinical services to mitigate violent radicalization (secondary and tertiary prevention) is structured around three pillars: multiple access points to facilitate outreach and decrease stigma; specialized teams to assess and formulate treatment plans based on existing best evidence in forensic, social, and cultural psychiatry; and collaborative involvement with primary care services, such as community mental health, education, and youth protection institutions, which are in charge of social integration and long-term management. Beyond the initial assessment, the program offers psychotherapy and/or psychiatric interventions services, including mentorship to foster clients’ social integration and life-skill development. Artistic programs offering a semi-structured, nonjudgmental environment, thus fostering self-expression and creativity, are very well received by youth. A multimedia pilot program involving young artists has been shown to provide them with alternative means of expressing their dissent. Three years on from its inception, the preliminary evaluation of the Quebec clinical model by its partners and clinicians suggests that it could be considered a promising approach to address the specific challenges of individuals who present as potential lone actors at high risk of violent radicalization. The model does not, however, appear to reach many members of extremist groups who do not present individual vulnerabilities. While initial signs are positive, a rigorous evaluation is warranted to establish the short, medium, and long-term efficacy of the model, and to eventually identify the key elements which may be transferable to other clinical settings. In 2020, a five-year evaluative research project began to examine these questions. It is important to consider that any intervention can be harmful if due attention is not paid to structural discrimination and violence stemming from associated marginalization and exclusion. Clinical care can in no way replace social justice, equity, and human rights—all key pillars in primary prevention against violent radicalization. In the meantime, however, providing empathy and care in the face of despair and rage may prove most beneficial in decreasing the risk of violent acts.
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Krovitskaya, I. V. "PSYHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL WORK AT SCHOOL USING THE 1С:PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION SOFTWARE". Informatics in school, № 3 (8 травня 2019): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/2221-1993-2019-18-3-12-14.
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The article describes the issues of psychological and pedagogical support of the educational process. The main directions of work of the school psychologist with students and their parents are covered. Particular attention is paid to the diagnostic direction and the use of the 1C:Psychodiagnostics of educational institution software in work of a psychologist.
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Kotichenko, Anna. "Institute of foster family in the Secind Rzezhpospolita." European Historical Studies, no. 4 (2016): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.04.144-155.
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The deals withe the problem ofoccurrence of the foster family institution in the Second Polish Republic. The author pays attention to the peculiarities of functioning of foster families in Poland in the interwar period, which was due largely to historical circumstances, but also mental and psychological attitudes of the population. The article discusses and attempts to trace the evolution of the legislation that initiated and governed the establishment of the foster family institution in the Second Polish Republic. The author concludes that progress in legislation, the active position of public figures, educators, communities were able to attract the attention of the adult world to help the remaining or orphaned child and to see her in person.
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Gorohova, Irina, Mihail Filippov, and Mariya Erofeeva. "The main theoretical approaches to psychological counseling of children in residential care." Applied psychology and pedagogy 6, no. 3 (2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2021-6-3-82-91.
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The article considers one of the important directions of the practical psychologist-teacher in residential institutions - psychological counseling, the problem of psychological counseling of boarding school students, specific features of counseling by a teacher-psychologist, features of the consultant's interaction with boarding school students, the content of the motivational and need-based sphere of students at all stages of their stay in this institution: during the period of adaptation of students, correction, and training, as well as during their preparation for new living conditions and practical life after graduation, a teenager, getting into the new environment of a residential institution, it faces a lot of complex problems, it has questions about almost all vital situations: family and household, material, interpersonal, labor, legal, and so on. In the case of solving any problem situations, the level of anxiety increases in the pupils, on the basis of which neurotic states can develop, psychological overstrain, which manifests itself in numerous conflicts. To prevent them objectively and to resolve any contradictions in each residential institution psychologists-teachers must be organized counseling on topical issues of activity, relations and communication between pupils, special attention in the process of psychological counseling is given to the subject of "works" adviser: behaviour, feelings and experiences of pupils, and lists in detail the difficulties and errors made by the educational psychologist in the process of psychological counseling.
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Sergiyenko, Anatoliy I. "Pedagogic conditions of moral and psychological training of stydents in the educational process of a military higher education institution." Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, no. 2 (2019): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2019-25-2-141-146.
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The article reveals the pedagogic conditions of moral and psychological training of students who are able to improve the efficiency of the educational process in a military higher education institution, to develop students ' military-professional, moral and psychological qualities, stable moral and psychological state necessary for further military service in the ministries and departments of the Russian Federation. These include: the creation of a clear understanding of students about the essence of moral and psychological support; carrying out a number of measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of moral and psychological training; reliance on the historical experience of hostilities; the formation of motivation of future military specialists to active training and service activities in the educational process of military high school; the formation of military students solid, deep and versatile knowledge on the basis of interdisciplinary connections; the activities of commanders (heads of departments) and teaching staff, contributing to the development of the student's positive attitude to self-education and self-upbringing; increasing attention to the upbringing process of young people.
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Kadyrov, R. V., A. S. Elzesser, and N. S. Bartkovskaia. "Psychological Factors of Myocardial Infarction: Prospects for Clinical and Psychological Research." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 2 (2020): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-2-437-443.
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This article is a review of empirical studies on the topic of psychological characteristics that contribute to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Such studies are fragmented and deal mostly with the following categories: mental states, patient’s mental processes, symptoms of mental disorders, behavioral strategies, social factors, etc. The research objective was to analyze the results of empirical studies on the myocardial patients' psychological characteristics. The authors identified difficulties and contradictions in the studies. Diagnostic capabilities of type A proved no longer relevant. An analysis of the contradictions in type D studies suggested that longitudinal studies based on a initially healthy people would prove most effective for further research, as well as detailed meta-analyzes of empirical publications. The role of hostility in the genesis of myocardial infarction proved understudied by domestic scientists. As for anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction, it received enough scientific attention; however, researches do not agree about role in the development of myocardial infarction. To reduce psychological risks during cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to determine what conditions and factors accelerate or inhibit the onset of myocardial infarction when combined with personal anxiety. The authors propose to use the following samples: 1) patients with a risk of a heart attack; 2) patients after a heart attack; 3) patients past rehabilitation period. The findings indicate promising areas for future research for the prevention of myocardial infarction.
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DOWNEY, KAREN K., FRED W. STELSON, OVIDE F. POMERLEAU, and BRUNO GIORDANI. "Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Psychological Test Profiles in a Clinical Population." Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 185, no. 1 (1997): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199701000-00006.
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Gudonis, Vytautas, and Yevhenii Klopota. "Features of Interpersonal Interaction of Blind and Visually Impaired Youth with Student Group." Pedagogika 125, no. 1 (2017): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.10.
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The paper presents outcomes research of features of interpersonal relationships, the level of perception and motivational orientations interaction of those who can see with blind and visually impaired students of higher educational institution. The attention is focused on the specifics of the social and psychological training as a means of improving communicative competence of blind and visually impaired students and optimization of their social status in the student body.
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Young, Susan. "Psychological therapy for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Counselling Psychology Quarterly 12, no. 2 (1999): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515079908254088.
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ASTAFICHEVA, E. Y. "SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF PERSONNEL AS A FACTOR IN THE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIZATIONAL INTERACTION." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 6 (2020): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2020-15-6-201-216.
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The purpose of the study: analysis of the mechanism of socio-psychological adaptation of personnel as a factor in ensuring the effectiveness of organizational interaction in corporations. The subject of research: corporate relations that develop in the process of social and psychological adaptation of personnel. Social and psychological adaptation of personnel requires special, organizationally separate attention of corporate management. The personnel adaptation process should not be "let loose" or be mixed with the professional adaptation of workers. The management of the corporation must have a planned program of action specifically aimed at ensuring the social and psychological adaptation of personnel to changes. As a result of the study, it was substantiated that socio-psychological adaptation as an institution of organizational behavior has an internal structure, the most significant components of which are the adaptation of “newcomers”, their “entry into the team”; development by employees of new job duties due to internal corporate changes; staff getting used to the new conditions of the corporation.
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Moreno-Milan, Beatriz, Bill Breitbart, Benjamin Herreros, Karmele Olaciregui Dague, and María Cristina Coca Pereira. "Psychological well-being of palliative care professionals: Who cares?" Palliative and Supportive Care 19, no. 2 (2021): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951521000134.
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AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, the psychological well-being of healthcare workers has been taken for granted — it has even been considered a part of the requirements that were demanded of them. When these professionals have experienced suffering and psychological depletion, they have been held accountable for this suffering, adopting an individualistic and reductionist viewpoint focused only on the professional. This approach has become obsolete due to its proven ineffectiveness, especially from an ethics of responsibility and organization viewpoint.ContextThe psychological well-being of the healthcare worker (and its opposites: suffering, exhaustion, and disenchantment) is advantageous to the professional's commitment to the institution, to their work performance, and to their personal life.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to reflect on the psychological suffering of the palliative care professional.MethodWe will reflect on the three levels of responsibility that influence such suffering (micro-meso-macro-ethical; worker-environment-institution).ResultsWe will propose a global strategy for the care of psychological well-being supported by scientific evidence and key references.Significance of resultsWe conclude with some contributions on what we have learned and still have to learn on this topic.
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Zinin, Sergei Valerevich. "Determining the Total Number of Endocrine Disorders Among Children With Speech Disorders: Social and Dispatching Work." Development of education, no. 2 (8) (June 10, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-74924.
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The article is devoted to determining the total number of endocrine disorders of the thyroid gland among children with speech disorders based on medical ultrasound data. The author of the article outlines that due to the fact that the prevalence of speech disorders is 100% among children with hypothyroidism, the following question deserves attention: “How many endocrine disorders can occur in children with speech disorders?”. Methods of research. Within the framework of the social and dispatching work of specialists of the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission, the referral of children with speech disorders to a medical ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was organized. At the same time, none of the children had previously been examined by an endocrinologist or received appropriate treatment. The first group of children attended speech therapy classes at the Center for Psychological and Pedagogical Rehabilitation and Correction in Nizhneudinsk in the 2013-2014 academic year. The second group of children attended preschool educational institution №208 in the 2016-2017 academic year. The study allowed to draw the following key conclusions: in children with speech disorders in 40% of cases do have previously undetected endocrine disorders that deserve close attention and study by medical professionals, both of primary health care institution (Institute of Pediatrics) and pediatric endocrinologists; 29% of children with speech disorders potentially need the help of an endocrinologist. The algorithm for sending parents of children with speech disorders to consult medical specialists, whose help the child may need is presented in the article. The results of the study may be of interest to a wide range of medical and pedagogical specialists working in the system of school psychological and pedagogical councils, central and territorial psychological and medical and pedagogical commissions in the current conditions of the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) implementation.
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ALFAYA, Thays de Almeida, Patrícia Nivoloni TANNURE, Roberta BARCELOS, Etyene Castro DIP, Luciana UEMOTO, and Cresus Vinícius Depes GOUVÊA. "Clinical management of childhood bruxism." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 63, no. 2 (2015): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720150002000111808.
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This paper aims to report the case of a 9-year-old male patient presented to the Pain Clinic at the education institution with a severe complaint of headache and clenching. During clinical examination, facets of tooth wear and accentuated overjet were observed. There were no joint and / or muscle anomalies. Therapy adopted was an occlusal splint with occlusal adjustments in centric performed every fifteen days in order not to impair bone growth and eruption of permanent teeth. After one month of treatment, the patient showed pain remission and remained in monitoring of dental and psychological care.
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Knezevic, Vladimir, Dragana Ratkovic, Jelena Knezevic, Svetlana Ivanovic-Kovacevic, Milana Okanovic, and Sanja Pavlovic. "Psychological medicine." Medical review 72, no. 9-10 (2019): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1910321k.
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Introduction. It is known that it is possible to improve healthcare by paying more attention to psychological aspects of diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental conditions. The study and practice of such factors is called psychological medicine. The aim of this paper was to provide contemporary aspects of psychological medicine and to emphasize its contributions to clinical practice. Material and Methods. A review of the literature on psychological and psychosomatic medicine was performed using Medline and manual search. Results. The main goals of psychological medicine are comprehensive assessment of psychological factors affecting the etiology, course and outcome of illness, biopsychosocial consideration of patient care, as well as integration of specific interventions in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. We need to emphasize that due to clinical limitations, in terms of current separation of mental and physical healthcare, the treatment of many health conditions in which psychological factors are significant, is still insufficient. Conclusion. Because of its importance to patients? well-being, psychological and psychosomatic medicine should to be an integral part of clinicians? knowledge across all specialties.
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Cheng, Ting-Wen, Ta-Fu Chen, Ping-Keung Yip, Mau-Sun Hua, Chi-Cheng Yang, and Ming-Jang Chiu. "Comparison of behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease among institution residents and memory clinic outpatients." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 6 (2009): 1134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990767.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) cause caregiver distress and earlier institutionalization. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of BPSD between institution residents and memory clinic outpatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to test the hypothesis that there is more BPSD among institution residents than among their outpatient counterparts.Methods: We assessed BPSD by interviewing the patients’ principal caregivers, either family or professionals, using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). Data from 138 patients with probable AD from the memory clinic and 173 residents with possible AD living in the long-term care facilities were collected. The diagnoses followed the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria.Results: BPSD profiles of the two groups were similar but not identical. The prevalence of at least one BPSD was high in both groups (community 81.9%, institution 74.9%). Activity disturbance was the most frequently reported BPSD in both groups (community 52.2%, institution 38.7%). Delusions, hallucinations, anxiety and aggressiveness were seen more frequently in memory clinic outpatients. The outpatients also had higher scores of BEHAVE-AD subscales in delusion/paranoid ideation, affective disturbance, and global rating of severity. With the increase of disease severity there were significantly more activity disturbance, psychosis, and aggressiveness in patients with AD.Conclusions: Caregiver factor and institution effect were two possible reasons for the higher prevalence and the greater severity of BPSD in community patients. BPSD caused more distress to family caregivers than the professional caregivers. High levels of psychotropic prescriptions for patients living in the long-term care facilities may also play a role.
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Snyman, Annette, Nadia Ferreira, and Alda Deas. "The psychological contract in relation to employment equity legislation and intention to leave in an open distance higher education institution." African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 39, no. 1 (2019): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-3223/5884.
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In recognition of the injustices of South Africa’s apartheid past, employers have a responsibility to ensure that employment equity practices are implemented, without harming important aspects of the employment relationship, such as the psychological contract and the intention to leave. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the psychological contract, employment equity legislation practices and the intention to leave (as measured by structured questionnaires comprising standardised scales) in an open distance higher education institution. In this regard, special attention was given to the influence of employment equity on employees’ intention to leave, which forms an important part of the psychological contract. The study also focused on the differences that exist between the three different social groupings (Africans, white males and white females, coloureds and Indians), gender and qualification levels regarding their perceptions about how the psychological contract influences employment equity legislation practices and intention to leave. A quantitative survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of employees (N = 339) who were white (58.4%), male (50.1%) and between the ages of 31 and 60 and were all employed at an open distance higher education institution. Correlational statistics and multiple regression analyses revealed a number of significant relationships between the three variables. In the South African employment equity context, the findings provide valuable information that can be used to inform managers and human resource practitioners on employment equity strategies. The practical implications of the findings also add new insights in terms of the psychological contract, intention to leave and management of the employment relationship.
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Panov, Viktor I., and Julia G. Panyukova. "Ecology of Childhood and Psychology of Sustainable Development (Results of the International Scientific-Practical Conference “9th Russian Conference on Environmental Psychology: From the Ecology of Childhood to the Psychology of Sustainable Development”)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 9, no. 3 (2020): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2020-9-3-296-302.
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The article presents the results of the international research and practice conference “The 9th Russian conference on environmental psychology: from ecology of childhood to psychology of sustainable development”, which was held on March 17–19, 2020 at the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, in Moscow. The conference was organized by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education” (Laboratory of Ecological Psychology of Development and Psychodidactics), International State Institute named after A. D. Sakharov, Belarusian State University (Department of Social Sciences, Humanities and Sustainable Development). The main ideas and research results presented at the plenary and section sessions are presented. Particular attention was paid to the problems of childhood ecology and psychology of sustainable development.
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Khaustov, M. M. "Clinical-psychological and pathopsychological features of mental disadaptation of students at a medical higher educational institution." Archives of psychiatry 25, no. 2 (2019): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37822/2410-7484.2019.25.2.98-101.
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Background. Education in university is a special period which characterized by a high level of stress and stress. In recent years, the prevalence of adaptation disorders has been growing in the student population, which is a significant medical, psychological and social problem, adversely affecting the effectiveness of future professional activities.
Objective – to develop a system of psychotherapeutic correction and psycho-prophylactic support during the period of professional education on the basis of a systematic approach to studying the mechanisms of formation of mental disadaptation states of medical students.
Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 412 students of II – V courses of the Kharkov National Medical University of both sexes and aged 17–22 years was conducted. All examined were divided into three groups: 1 group - 215 students - were residents of eastern Ukraine; 2 group - 87 students - were residents of the Lugansk and Donetsk regions, who entered the KNMU before the start of the ATO; 3 group - 110 students - were immigrants from the anti-terrorist operation zone. We used such research methods: clinical and psychopathological; anamnestic; psychodiagnostic and statistical.
Results. It has been established that the structure of adaptation disorders is represented by depressive, neurotic, anxious and dissociative syndrome complexes. Based on the obtained data, we have developed a system of medical and psychological support for a medical student during the education period, which provides for the use of complex psychotherapeutic, psycho-educational and psychoprophylactic actions.
Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed system of medical and psychological support has been proved. The positive dynamics of the mental state, the rapid reduction of anxious and depressive symptoms, the normalization of the emotional state, the increase in the psychophysical activity of students, the change of coping strategies to constructive ones have been established.
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Issa, Baba A., Abdullahi D. Yussuf, Olatunji A. Abiodun, and Ganiyu T. Olanrewaju. "Hospital doctors' management of psychological problems at a Nigerian tertiary health institution." BJPsych. International 12, S1 (2015): S—11—S—15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000787.
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A questionnaire was sent to all consenting doctors at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. It asked about their management of psychological problems in their clinical practice. Over 90% would welcome more time to talk to patients and agreed that psychological and social factors should be routinely assessed and recorded for patients. Most respondents would refer patients with depression or disturbed behaviours. ‘Ineffective treatment’ and ‘dislike of psychiatric referral’ were not the main reasons for non-referral. A majority of the doctors had initiated treatment for anxiety and insomnia but not for alcohol withdrawal, psychosis, acute confusional state or depression. Doctors' awareness of ‘the impact of psychological factors on the course of physical illness' was high. To sustain this high level of awareness and encourage referral, in-house psychoeducational training of hospital doctors should be intensified. In addition, an increased doctor/patient ratio, public education to reduce stigma and a well developed liaison psychiatric service are imperative.
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Mak, Vivian W. M., Samuel M. Y. Ho, Regina W. Y. Kwong, and W. L. Li. "A Gender-Responsive Treatment Facility in Correctional Services: The Development of Psychological Gymnasium for Women Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 4 (2016): 1062–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16667572.
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With increasing evidence suggesting a disparity in female and male offenders in terms of rehabilitative needs, growing concern has been placed on the development of gender-specific services for female offenders. As such, a prison-based psychological gymnasium (PSY GYM), with distinctive features in integrating cognitive-behavioral and positive-psychology concepts to address female offenders’ needs, was set up in 2011. The present study aims to introduce the concept as well as present findings to evaluate the overall effectiveness of PSY GYM. Nineteen Chinese female offenders participated in a 6- to 8-month intensive training program at the Lo Wu Correctional Institution (LWCI) of the Hong Kong Correctional Services Department in Hong Kong. Psychometric inventories were used to assess their psychological distress and positive growth following the program. Participants showed significant reduction in their depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and in their tendency to pay attention to negative information. Furthermore, their sense of hope, gratitude, and tendency to pay attention to positive information had remarkably increased. This indicated the effectiveness of PSY GYM in facilitating successful rehabilitation for female offenders.
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Yakovleva, E. "Psychological and Pedagogical Characteristics of Students’ Demands While Self-studying at the Institution of Higher Education." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 10 (2020): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/59/34.
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In the conditions of rapid growth of new scientific and application information, the volume of knowledge that a graduate of a higher school has to master is constantly increasing. Educational standards, curricula, educational and methodological resources, textbooks and teaching aids despite being constantly reconsidered aren’t able to catch up with all the current changes. In this context a large gap between scientific achievements and the content of university courses arises which reduces the quality of training students. The solution to this contradiction is the development of students’ need for self-studying along with the improvement of the methodology and methods of teaching certain courses at the university. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical research and personal experience, the characteristics of three levels of students’ readiness for self-studying are revealed. Potentialities of teachers’ activity for the organization of students’ controlled cognitive activity are determined. It is proved that the need for independent acquisition of certain subject matter and modules of the course under study inevitably leads to a shift in priorities from memorizing and reproducing the acquired knowledge to their independent acquisition and mastering. Particular attention is drawn to the need for organizing independent laboratory research and virtual laboratory experiments in physics which provide supportive environment for the formation of students’ need for self-study.
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Schweitzer, Robert D., and Sally Jean Hier. "Psychological Maladjustment among Homeless Adolescents." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27, no. 2 (1993): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679309075777.
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The prevalence of psychological maladjustment in homeless adolescents (n = 54) was compared to control group (n 58) in Brisbane, Australia using the Youth Self-Report Scale [1]. Overall, 74% of the homeless group and 22.4% of the control group scored within the clinical range on one or more of the clinical subscales. There was considerable diversity of symptomatology in the homeless group. Less than half of the homeless group were within the clinical range on both the delinquent subscale and the thought disorder subscale. Depressive, Aggressive and Somatic Complaints were also prevalent. The study challenges preconceived notions of simple relationship between adolescent homelessness and delinquency, and draws attention to the psychological needs of this group of adolescents.
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GUO, Zhijun, Zhuman LI, Weijia CAI, Yitian CHEN, Jianyou GUO, and Feng XU. "Basic and clinical research progress of psychological pharmacology： a brand-new discipline." Pharmaceutical Care and Research 20, no. 5 (2020): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5428/pcar20200501.
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Psychological pharmacology is a brand-new discipline that studies the interaction between psychological state and drugs，explores general rules of the effects of mental state on drug activity，and promotes rational use of drugs in clinical practice.Evidence showed that depression could affect the levels of endogenous substances，drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transport protein，thus influencing drug metabolism and efficacy.In clinical practice，medication recognition might affect drug choice and medication compliance of patients.The application of placebo might achieve positive treatment outcomes in certain patients.These research results indicate that attention should be paid to the psychological state of patients in drug treatment.In accordance with changes of physiological and psychological changes of patients，therapeutic regimens should be duly adjusted.Rational drug use education and psychological support should be provided to patients，so that patients’ psychological burden could be relieved and therapeutic efficacy improved.
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GUO, Zhijun, Zhuman LI, Weijia CAI, Yitian CHEN, Jianyou GUO, and Feng XU. "Basic and clinical research progress of psychological pharmacology： a brand-new discipline." Pharmaceutical Care and Research 20, no. 5 (2020): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5428/pcar20200501.
Full textAbstract:
Psychological pharmacology is a brand-new discipline that studies the interaction between psychological state and drugs，explores general rules of the effects of mental state on drug activity，and promotes rational use of drugs in clinical practice.Evidence showed that depression could affect the levels of endogenous substances，drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transport protein，thus influencing drug metabolism and efficacy.In clinical practice，medication recognition might affect drug choice and medication compliance of patients.The application of placebo might achieve positive treatment outcomes in certain patients.These research results indicate that attention should be paid to the psychological state of patients in drug treatment.In accordance with changes of physiological and psychological changes of patients，therapeutic regimens should be duly adjusted.Rational drug use education and psychological support should be provided to patients，so that patients’ psychological burden could be relieved and therapeutic efficacy improved.
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Susilo, Donny. "TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: A STYLE OF MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES." Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J), no. 1 (August 12, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/mec-j.v0i1.5222.
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<p>The common problem faced by company today is related to human resource management and development especially in career advance. Many of unsatisfied employees make company difficult to achieve target. Motivation can be enhanced by a kind of leadership that devotes its attention to the problems faced by its followers and the development needs of each of its followers by encouraging and encouraging them to achieve the goals. Transformational leadership has 4 functions in motivating employees, namely the dimensions of charisma, inspiration motivation, intellectual stimulation, attention to the individual. By the implementation of transformational leadership, the psychological aspects of employees can be mastered so that leads to increased motivation. Transformational leadership is good to apply in both government institution and private company.</p>