Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clinker cooler / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Clinker cooler.

Journal articles on the topic 'Clinker cooler'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Clinker cooler.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Oyepata, J. S., M. A. Akintunde, O. A. Dahunsi, S. S. Yaru, and E. T. Idowu. "Modelling of clinker cooler and evaluation of its performance in clinker cooling process for cement plants." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.16.

Full text
Abstract:
Cement manufacturing requires cooling down of hot clinker at temperature of about 1350o C to temperature lower than 100 o C in a cooling system known as clinker cooler. Many plants are unable to cool the clinker below 250o C. This challenge led to scaling down of actual clinker cooler to a test rig size in the ratio 25:1 suitable for simulation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools (Solid-Works and ANSYS) were used to achieve the simulation. The clinker outlet temperatures obtained from simulations were validated with theoretical evaluation. Results showed that with clinker and cooling air flow rates of 0.2 kg/s and 0.54 kg/s respectively and with a clinker bed height of 0.6 m. An optimum cooler performance was achieved with clinker outlet temperature of 68 oC. The scaled down cooler was 15% higher than the existing cooler in terms of recoverable energy and 10% high in terms of energy efficiency. Keywords: Clinker Cooler, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Mass flow rate clinker and Mass flow air and Clinker Furnace.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Jabbar, Nasr A., Ali Amer Alshammary, Ihsan Y. Hussain, and Luay S. Alansari. "Numerical Investigation of New Cooling Method for Clinker Flow in Opposite Direction with Airflow at Different Height Ratios." Key Engineering Materials 895 (August 3, 2021): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.895.157.

Full text
Abstract:
Several parameters affect the properties of Portland cement and one of these parameters is the cooling rate of the clinker. If the effectiveness of the cooling method of the clinker increases, a good enhancement in the properties of Portland cement will be found. Depending on the new cooling method suggestion by Nasr et. al. [20], the counter pattern of air clinker flow was studied using (FLUENT 6.3.26). The dimensions of the cooling room in grate cooler, the constant mass flow rate of both clinker and air, different height ratios, and different clinker porosity were considered in this numerical work. The results show that the heat transfers in the first half of the cooling room (0 < X < 0.9 m) is larger than that in the second half (0.9 < X < 1.8 m), and this leads to an increase in the temperature of outlet air so can benefits from it in the heating of furnace. When the clinker and air are flowing in the counter direction, the cooling method is more beneficial when compared with that of parallel flow because the exiting clinker has a great rate of cooler and the air exits from the grate cooler is loaded with large thermal energy. Finally, it can design the best length of gate according to the required clinker temperature at the outlet side, and this results to reduce the cost of the cooling process according to the temperature distribution results at (0 < X > 1.8m) for different porosity and H.R values.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

AhmedOleiwi, Majid, and Zaid Abed Aljasem. "Neural Network Control for PPDCV Clinker Cooler System." International Journal of Computer Applications 85, no. 2 (January 16, 2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/14815-3038.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

WANG, Meiqi. "Temperature Soft-sensing of Cement Clinker in Grate Cooler." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52, no. 6 (2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2016.06.159.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bump, J. A. "New cooler installed at Lafarge Alpena plant: fuller controlled flow grate (CFG) clinker cooler." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 32, no. 6 (1996): 1409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.556645.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Huebner, Rudolf, Lúcio Barreto Pereira, and Rafael Nacife Carneiro. "Cascading Analysis Using Discrete Element Method in Rotary Drum Coolers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.97.

Full text
Abstract:
Discrete Element Methods have been used extensively in processes involving flow behavior where modeling the individual particles is of particular interest. A rotary cooler is an application of one such process. Although the current analysis can be used to any type of rotary cooler or rotary dryer, this work is focused on the analysis of particles falling from lifters in a planetary rotary cooler used in the production of clinker and installed at the outlet of a rotary kiln. Clinker is the main raw material used to manufacture cement. The objective of this work is to model the particle distribution inside the equipment due to different types of lifters and process conditions. Some of the parameters evaluated demonstrate that the tangential restitution coefficient and the Young’s modulus do not influence the results. However, a rolling friction coefficient on the order of 10-3 is required to represent a real operating condition. The results produce cascading similar to that of experimental observations reported in literature. Both our results and previously reported data display two distinct areas in the rotary drum, one mainly composed of material (the curtain area) and the other lacking material (the air area).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Acuña, Oscar, Carla Martin-Villalba, and Alfonso Urquia. "Virtual-Lab of a Cement Clinker Cooler for Operator Training." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 2 (2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120215-3-at-3016.00058.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gagnon, D. "Upgrading a clinker cooler. IKN Klinker Inlet Distribution System ("KIDS")." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 33, no. 1 (1997): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.567091.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Taweel, T. J. B., E. Sokolova, V. Sergeev, and D. B. Solovev. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of Clinker Cooler in the Cement Industry." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 463 (December 31, 2018): 032101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/463/3/032101.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Tie, Zhan Xu, Hai Xia Li, and Xiao Dian Guo. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Waste Heat Extracting Location on Temperature Distribution." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.361.

Full text
Abstract:
The numerical model was established to simulate the gas flow and heat transfer in cement grate cooler. It is useful to increase the gas temperature when the extracting exit position is close to the cement kiln end. The appropriate position of the extracting high temperature gas is about 5 m far away from the cement clinker inlet.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Acuña, Oscar, Carla Martin-Villalba, and Alfonso Urquia. "Virtual lab in Modelica of a cement clinker cooler for operator training." Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 20, no. 2 (July 26, 2013): 170–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13873954.2013.819019.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Xiao, Jun, Bing Liu, and Yun Xiao He. "Study on Process Control Method of Kiln Outlet in Cement Production." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1898.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper describes a configuration method of kiln outlet production line in which a new integrated control system PCS7 of Siemens is used. From the raw feeding to the clinker storage, and from measurement unit at the bottom to management at the upper system, the configuration realizes a transversal and vertical integration and automatic control of the productive process. The operational principle of the kiln, burning process of raw power, pulverized coal and hot airflow in the kiln and cooling procedures and transportation of clinker in grate cooler are all analysed at length. The control requirements, influencing factors and controlling methods of the secondary air flow, which is the most important factor in all process parameters, are analysed in detail, and the control loops of opening degree of valves and the speed of waste gas fan are designed to improve and stabilize the temperature of secondary air flow.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo, I. Made Astina, Alfian Kusuma Wardhana, Alfi Amalia, and Arief Syahlan. "NEW METHOD EVALUATION OF DETAIL MATERIAL AND HEAT FLOWS FOR SINGLE STRING CEMENT CLINKER PLANT." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0199.

Full text
Abstract:
Material flow in each main equipment of a cement clinker plant, which is very useful for controlling the process, is impossible to be measured during operation due to very high temperatures. This paper intends to overcome the difficulties associated with the measurement of these material flow values. This study presents a new method of calculating material flow (gas and solid) in each main equipment of a single string conventional suspension preheater type of a cement clinker plant. Using the proposed method, mass flow rate at a clinker cooler, kiln, suspension preheater (SP) and even each cyclone separator can be calculated with a heat conservation error less than 1 %. With the application of the least square method for solving the overdetermined system of mass and heat conservation equations obtained in the cyclones of SP, the flow of gas and solid materials entering and exiting each cyclone that cannot be measured directly in the operating plant can be approached. Based on the operation temperature data of gas and solid flows monitored in the control room of an Indonesian cement plant as a case study, the mass flow rate of gas and solid entering and exiting as well as separation efficiency of each cyclone can be calculated. The results show that the separation efficiencies of cyclones 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 95 %, 91.89 %, 84.09% and 79.51% respectively. Finally, this study will be very useful by providing data that are impossible to gather by a direct measurement in an operating plant, due to a very high process temperature constraint, for operational control needs, new equipment design, process simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and even modification of existing equipment. The proposed method can be applied to all types of modern cement clinker plant configurations, either with or without a calciner including the double strings.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Wang, Meiqi, Bin Liu, Yan Wen, and Haoran Liu. "SEEPAGE HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN CLINKER AND COOLING AIR WITH VARIABLE PROPERTIES OF THE GRATE COOLER." Heat Transfer Research 48, no. 3 (2017): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.2016011341.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Shao, Wei, Zheng Cui, and Xiao-teng Ma. "Experimental research on cement grate cooler system and numerical simulation of its clinker cooling process." Applied Thermal Engineering 181 (November 2020): 115904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115904.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Shao, Wei, Zheng Cui, and Yu Liu. "Multi-objective optimization on clinker layer thickness of a grate cooler based on entropy generation." Energy Procedia 158 (February 2019): 5811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.547.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Mujumdar, Kaustubh S., K. V. Ganesh, Sarita B. Kulkarni, and Vivek V. Ranade. "Rotary Cement Kiln Simulator (RoCKS): Integrated modeling of pre-heater, calciner, kiln and clinker cooler." Chemical Engineering Science 62, no. 9 (May 2007): 2590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.063.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Wang, Meiqi, Bin Liu, Yan Wen, and Haoran Liu. "Numerical Simulation and Analytical Characterization of Heat Transfer between Cement Clinker and Air in Grate Cooler." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 49, no. 1 (2016): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.14we414.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

YAMASHITA, Makio, Hisanobu TANAKA, and Katsuhiko ICHIHARA. "CHANGE IN COOLING RATE BY INTRODUCING HIGH-EFFICIENCY CLINKER COOLER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CEMENT PROPERTIES." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 64, no. 1 (2010): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.64.23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Wen, Yan, Yan-Xu Ju, and Lin Yuan. "Research on heat transfer law of cement clinker accumulation body in grate cooler based on lattice Boltzmann method." Heat Transfer-Asian Research 48, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.21383.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Borsuk, Grzegorz, Bolesław Dobrowolski, Grzegorz Nowosielski, Jacek Wydrych, and Jerzy Duda. "Numerical simulation of thermal-hydraulic processes in the riser chamber of installation for clinker production." Archives of Thermodynamics 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2016-0009.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractClinker burning process has a decisive influence on energy consumption and the cost of cement production. A new problem is to use the process of decarbonization of alternative fuels from waste. These issues are particularly important in the introduction of a two-stage combustion of fuel in a rotary kiln without the typical reactor-decarbonizator. This work presents results of numerical studies on thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the riser chamber, which will be designed to burn fuel in the system where combustion air is supplied separately from the clinker cooler. The mathematical model is based on a combination of two methods of motion description: Euler description for the gas phase and Lagrange description for particles. Heat transfer between particles of raw material and gas was added to the numerical calculations. The main aim of the research was finding the correct fractional distribution of particles. For assumed particle distribution on the first stage of work, authors noted that all particles were carried away by the upper outlet to the preheater tower, what is not corresponding to the results of experimental studies. The obtained results of calculations can be the basis for further optimization of the design and operating conditions in the riser chamber with the implementation of the system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Atmaca, Adem, and Recep Yumrutaş. "The effects of grate clinker cooler on specific energy consumption and emissions of a rotary kiln in cement industry." International Journal of Exergy 18, no. 3 (2015): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2015.072897.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Dolenec, Sabina, Katarina Šter, Maruša Borštnar, Klara Nagode, Andrej Ipavec, and Lea Žibret. "Effect of the Cooling Regime on the Mineralogy and Reactivity of Belite-Sulfoaluminate Clinkers." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100910.

Full text
Abstract:
This study investigated the influence of different cooling regimes on the microstructure and consequent reactivity of belite-sulfoaluminate clinkers. The cement clinkers were synthesized by incorporating secondary raw materials, such as titanogypsum and bottom ash, to the natural raw materials. Clinker phases were determined by Rietveld quantitative phase analysis, while the distribution morphology and the incorporation of substitute ions in the phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Clinker reactivity was studied using isothermal calorimetry and was additionally investigated through compressive strength, which was determined for the cement prepared from the synthesized clinkers. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that, as well as the three main phases (belite, calcium sulfoaluminate, and ferrite), the clinkers contained additional minor phases (mayenite, gehlenite, arkanite, periclase, and perovskite), the ratios of which varied according to the cooling regime utilized. Microscopic observations indicated that the cooling regime also influenced the crystal size and morphology of the main phases, which consequently affected clinker reactivity. Furthermore, a smaller amount of substitute elements was incorporated in the main phases when cooling was slowed. Results showed that, in comparison to clinkers cooled at slower rates, air quenched clinkers reacted faster and exhibited a higher compressive strength at 7 days.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Navaneetha Krishnan, R., and K. Ramamoorthy. "Design and Implementation of Reduced Fuel Consumption in Cement Kiln with Efficient Cooling Technology Using PLC and HMI." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (July 4, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.14945.

Full text
Abstract:
Cement is the most important essential component to the building infrastructure development. Taking into consideration that the bond market will record an expanding rate of 15 - 20%, identified with the private structures improvement and to the start of extensive foundation extends the concrete creation is of extraordinary premium, both from the perspective of item's quality increment and crude material utilization. The main objective of this paper is to show how the process model can be inserted into advanced controllers to allow the successful control and optimization of the process, thereby upgrading the new technologies to the cement kiln, hot air from the Grate cooler is recycled to the Pre-heater, in order to reduce the fuel consumption in burner and high production rate of the cement can be achieved. The cement kiln consists of DRY and WET process. Initially, in pyro-processing the raw mix is fed into cement kiln and heated up to 1500℃ in the presence of limited supply of oxygen, the resultant clinker is now allowed to cooldown up to 100℃. Waste hot air from the Grate cooler is recycled to the Pre-heater, in order to reduce the fuel consumption in burner. Process mechanization is the place the modern territory offers the greatest and most fulfilling challenges as far as joining customary building abilities with mechanical development. The cement kiln is enhanced with the new technology using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and the output is monitored and controlled with the help of the HMI (Human Machine Interface). The whole system has been implemented and tested using Siemen’s PLC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Shao, Wei, Zheng Cui, and Lin Cheng. "Multi-objective optimization of cooling air distributions of grate cooler with different clinker particles diameters and air chambers by genetic algorithm." Applied Thermal Engineering 111 (January 2017): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.082.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

John, John P. "Parametric Studies of Cement Production Processes." Journal of Energy 2020 (February 15, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4289043.

Full text
Abstract:
The cement industry is one of the most intensive energy consumers in the industrial sectors. The energy consumption represents 40% to 60% of production cost. Additionally, the cement industry contributes around 5% to 8% of all man-made CO2 emissions. Physiochemical and thermochemical reactions involved in cement kilns are still not well understood because of their complexity. The reactions have a decisive influence on energy consumption, environmental degradation, and the cost of cement production. There are technical difficulties in achieving direct measurements of critical process variables in kiln systems. Furthermore, process simulation is used for design, development, analysis, and optimization of processes, when experimental tests are difficult to conduct. Moreover, there are several models for the purpose of studying the use of alternative fuels, cement clinker burning process, phase chemistry, and physical parameters. Nonetheless, most of them do not address real inefficiency taking place in the processes, equipment, and the overall system. This paper presents parametric study results of the four-stage preheater dry Rotary Kiln System (RKS) with a planetary cooler. The RKS at the Mbeya Cement Company (MCC) in Tanzania is used as a case study. The study investigated the effects of varying the RKS parameters against system behaviour, process operation, environment, and energy consumptions. Necessary data for the modelling of the RKS at the MCC plant were obtained either by daily operational measurements or laboratory analyses. The steady-state simulation model of the RKS was carried out through the Aspen Plus software. The simulation results were successfully validated using real operating data. Predictions from parametric studies suggest that monitoring and regulating exhaust gases could improve combustion efficiency, which, in turn, leads to conserving fuels and lowering production costs. Composition of exhaust gases also depends both on the type of fuel used and the amount of combustion air. The volume of exit flue gases depends on the amount of combustion air and infiltrating air in the RKS. The results obtained from the study suggest a potential of coal saving at a minimum of about ṁcoal=1263 kg·h−1, which approximates to 76,126 tons per year at the current kiln feed of 58,000 kg·h-1. Thus, this translates to a specific energy saving of about 1849.12 kJ·kgcl-1, with relatively higher clinker throughput. In this vein, process modelling provides effective, safe, and economical ways for assessing the performance of the RKS.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Liu, Yan Jun, and Yong Chao Zheng. "Mineral Waste Coupled with Boron Oxide for Producing Active Belite Cement Clinker." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2564–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2564.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a laboratory study on active belite cement clinker using boron oxide as dopant to stabilize high temperature phases of Dicalcium silicate (C2S), and mineral waste as siliceous materials in complete replacement of clay. The clinker samples were soaked in Muffle Furnace at different burning temperatures and for various time durations, and then, cooled down to room temperature using air blower. Quantitative X-ray Diffraction analysis (QXRD) by Rietveld method indicates that major mineral components are Dicalcium Silicate (C2S), Ferrite (C2 (A0.48F1.52) O5) and trace amount of Tricalcium Silicate (C3S) in the cement clinkers. Among them, Dicalcium silicate is over 85 percent, Ferrite around 10 percent and Tricalcium silicate less than 10 percent. Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (TGA-DSC) spectrum shows that there is no significant phase change while cement clinker was cooling down, which means significant amount of high temperature polymorphic C2S was stabilized during cooling process. It is agreeable with the results from QXRD analysis. Specifically, among polymorphic belite phases, αH-C2S accounts for around 66% of cement clinker, and αL-C2S for about 22% of cement clinker. In addition, massive belite phase was identified by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) analysis and Light Microscopy analysis. At last, the mechanical tests on active belite cement show that active belite cement clinker has a slow strength development at early ages, but rapid strength gain at 28 days in comparison with belite clinker without adding boron oxide. Thus, this active belite cement clinker demonstrates very promising prospect in sustainable cement industry development. Keywords: Active Belite Cement Clinker; Doped; Boron Oxide; αH-C2S; αL-C2S; Strength Development
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Naranjo, J. A., R. S. J. Sparks, M. V. Stasiuk, H. Moreno, and G. J. Ablay. "Morphological, structural and textural variations in the 1988–1990 andesite lava of Lonquimay Volcano, Chile." Geological Magazine 129, no. 6 (November 1992): 657–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800008426.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe 1988–1990 eruption of Lonquimay Volcano, Chile (38°S) formed a 10.2 km long andesite lava with a volume of 0.23 km3 over a period of 13 months. The lava extrusion rate decreased with time as chamber pressure and vent dimensions decreased. The velocity of the flow front decreased exponentially with distance from vent as a consequence of cooling and the increase of apparent viscosity at the flow front. The lava developed a central channel which decreased in width and depth with time. Three prominent lava levées were formed on each margin and resulted from abandonment as the channel decreased in width as a result of a rapid decrease of flow rate over the first 100 days of activity. A fourth major levée developed in February, during a brief period of flow rate increase down the main channel, but its walls were gradually exposed as the lava depth again decreased due to declining flow rate. The structure of lava levées depended on their age and longevity of the flow in the adjacent channel. Initial levées were formed in the first few days as the lava spread laterally and then retreated, leaving levées of massive lava. More mature rubble levées were formed during the next month by the lava pushing and then shearing aa and blocky breccia which formed on the cooling flow margin. Fragmentation and abrasion formed a characteristic zonation in the levées. A basal zone consists of very poorly sorted matrix-rich breccia with very rounded vesicular clasts and bimodal grain size distribution. The basal breccia zone strongly resembles block and ash flow deposits. This zone passes up into a zone of clast-supported clinker breccia which becomes increasingly matrix-poor and coarser with clasts becoming more angular upwards. The crest of the levée is composed of large (10–100 cm) angular to subangular blocks with no matrix. The zoned levées form after the active lava channel suddenly narrows. Lava depth initially increases and breccias are deposited on the channel margins and acquire the zoned structure by progressive shearing and accretion of clinkery aa breccia. The lava level then drops exposing the steep inner scarp of a levée. The most mature levée type formed in a long-lived channel over several months. The outer wall of the levée consists of zoned breccia, but the inner wall consists of a massive curving wall of strongly foliated lava with well-developed horizontal striations and ductile Reidel shears. The massive foliated facies is a consequence of prolonged flow which coats strongly sheared lava onto the inner levée wall. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the aa clinker clasts and foliated lava from the levée walls form at low melt fractions (⋚ 15%). In the last three months of the eruption the flow front ceased to advance but thickened as lava drained from proximal regions and intruded into the interior of the distal lava. The last stages of lava movement were characterized by updoming in the central channel. A lava surface feature, named here ‘Armadillo structure’, was formed by deformation of the cooler but still ductile lava crust. The deformation caused by underflow produced Reidel shears dipping upstream and doming of the lava due to rotation of the shear planes. The study demonstrates that lava morphology, structure and texture are strongly influenced by variations of effusion rate, local flow rate, channel topography and thermal maturity of the lava, which is reflected in downstream changes in viscosity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Strigáč, Július. "Effect of Selected Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials on the Cement Clinker Quality." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2015-0020.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The article deals with the study of the effects of alternative fuels and raw materials on the cement clinker quality. The clinker quality was expressed by the content of two principal minerals alite C3S and belite C2S. The additions of alternative fuels ashes and raw materials, in principle, always increased the belite content and conversely reduced the amount of alite. The alternative fuels with high ash content were used such as the meat-bone meal, sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants and paper sludge and the used alternative raw materials were metallurgical slags - granulated blastfurnace slag, air cooled blastfurnace slag and demetallized steel slag, fluidized bed combustion fly ash and waste glass. Meat-bone meal, sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants and paper sludge were evaluated as moderately suitable alternative fuels which can be added in the amounts of 2.8 wt. % addition of meat-bone meals ash, 3.64 wt. % addition of sewage sludge ash and 3.8 wt. % addition of paper sludge ash to the cement raw mixture. Demetallised steel slag is suitable for production of special sulphate resistant cement clinker for CEM I –SR cement with addition up to 5 wt. %. Granulated blastfurnace slag is a suitable alternative raw material with addition 4 wt. %. Air cooled blastfurnace slag is a suitable alternative raw material with addition 4.2 wt. %. Waste glass is not very appropriate alternative raw material with addition only 1.16 wt. %. Fluidized bed combustion fly ash appears not to be equally appropriate alternative raw material for cement clinker burning with less potential utilization in the cement industry and with addition 3.41 wt. %, which forms undesired anhydrite CaSO4 in the cement clinker.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Tsamatsoulis, Dimitris. "Optimizing the Control System of Clinker Cooling: Process Modeling and Controller Tuning." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030050.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper aims to present efficient efforts to optimize the proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller of clinker cooling in grate coolers, which have a fixed grate and at least two moving ones. The process model contains three transfer functions between the speed of the moving grate and the pressures of the static and moving grates. The developed software achieves the identification of the model parameters using industrial data and by implementing non-linear regression methods. The design of the PID controller follows a loop-shaping technique, imposing as a constraint the maximum sensitivity, Ms, of the open-loop transfer function and providing a set of PIDs that satisfy a range of Ms. A simulator determines the optimal PID sets among those calculated at the design step using the integral of absolute error (IAE) as a performance criterion. The combination of a robustness constraint with a performance criterion, Ms and IAE respectively, leads to an area of controllers with Ms belonging to the range of 1.2 to 1.35. The IAE is between 4.2% and 4.8%, depending on the set-point value. PID sets located near the middle of this area can be chosen and implemented in the cooler’s routine operation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Liu, Yan Jun, and Yong Chao Zheng. "Active Belite Cement Clinker Produced with Mineral Waste." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2378.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a laboratory study on active belite cement linker using mineral waste as one of the major raw meal components. The main chemical component of mineral waste employed in this study is silica (SiO2), around 70%. The raw meals were soaked in Muffle Furnace at 1350oC for 10 minutes and 20minutes respectively, then, cooled down to room temperature using air blower. Boron Oxide was used to stabilize high temperature phases of C2S. QXRD analysis indicates that active belite cement clinker has major mineral components consisting of Dicalcium Silicate (C2S), Ferrite (C2 (A0.48F1.52) O5) and trace amount of Tricalcium Silicate (C3S). Among them, Dicalcium silicate is over 85 percent, Ferrite around 10 percent and Tricalcium silicate less than 10 percent. Also, significant amount of high temperature polymorphic C2S was stabilized under room temperature. Among polymorphic belite phases, αH-C2S accounts for around 66% of cement clinker, and αL-C2S for about 22% of cement clinker. Scanning Eαlectronic Microscope (SEM) analysis also shows coαnsiderable round grains of C2S. TGA-DSC spectrum indicated there is no significant phase change while cement clinker was cooling down. Also, the mechanical tests on active belite cement show that active belite cement clinker has a slow strength development at early ages, but rapid strength gain over 70Mpa at 28 days. Thus, this active belite cement clinker demonstrates very promising prospect in sustainable cement industry development.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Günter, Franziska, Michaël Beaulieu, Massimo Brunetti, Lena Lange, Angela Schmitz Ornés, and Klaus Fischer. "Latitudinal and altitudinal variation in ecologically important traits in a widespread butterfly." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz133.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Understanding how organisms adapt to complex environments lies at the very heart of evolutionary biology and ecology, and is of particular concern in the current era of anthropogenic global change. Variation in ecologically important traits associated with environmental gradients is considered to be strong evidence for adaptive responses. Here, we study phenotypic variation along a latitudinal and an altitudinal cline in 968 field-collected males of the widespread European butterfly Pieris napi. In contrast to our expectations, body size decreased with increasing latitude and altitude, suggesting that warmer rather than cooler conditions may be more beneficial for individual development in this species. Higher altitudes but not latitudes seemed to be associated with increased flight performance, suggesting stronger challenges for flight activity in high-altitude environments (e.g. due to strong wind). Moreover, wing melanization increased while yellow reflectance decreased towards colder environments in both clines. Thus, increased melanization under thermally challenging conditions seems to compromise investment into a sexually selected trait, resulting in a trade-off. Our study, although exclusively based on field-collected males, revealed indications of adaptive patterns along geographical clines. It documents the usefulness of field-collected specimens, and the strength of comparing latitudinal and altitudinal clines to identify traits being potentially under thermal selection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

VASIU, Teodor, and Adina BUDIUL BERGHIAN. "Determining the Reliability of Clincher Coolers." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 41, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2018.3.08.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Oyepata, J. S., M. A. Akintunde, O. A. Dahunsi, S. S. Yaru, and E. T. Idowu. "Impact of Specific Number of Air to Clinker on Clinker Cooling Process in Grate Coolers in a Cement Plant." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012099.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Xie, Ying Bai, Yi Chen, and Ti Jun Wang. "Research on the Region Division for Supercritical CO2 Cooling Heat Transfer in Gas Cooler." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1084.

Full text
Abstract:
In gas cooler, a key component of transcritical heat pump system, CO2 is always in supercritical status. A well design gas cooler should get the full informations of supercritcal CO2 in-tube cooling heat transfer characteristic. An EES program is developed to calculate the supercritical CO2 cooling heat transfer performances based on 4 selected correlation equations. According to the results and the thermopgysical parameters of supercritical CO2, such as specific heat, density, thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity, two region, the starting area of supercritical region and the main supercritical region, is suggested for supercritical CO2 cooling heat transfer by temperature at 80°C. In the staring area, the variations of heat transfer and other parameters are intensive, while in the main supercritical region, the variations are clined to be stable.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Aizen, Marcelo A., and Hilary Woodcock. "Latitudinal trends in acorn size in eastern North American species of Quercus." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-153.

Full text
Abstract:
Latitudinal variation in acorn size was examined in 32 species of the genus Quercus geographically restricted to eastern North America. Within-species comparisons showed the existence of a prevalent trend: individuals at high latitude produce, on the average, smaller acorns than individuals of the same species at low latitude. This observed trend, clines of decreasing acorn size with increasing latitude, could represent (i) the selected or plastic response to a shorter and (or) cooler growing season constraining the size of acorns that can mature on a tree, (ii) a consequence of past size-selective dispersal that accompanied postglacial range expansion, or (iii) a combination of these effects. The within-species trend contrasted with an observed among-species trend: species with large acorns have ranged that extend into higher latitudes than species with small acorns. Current evidence strongly suggests that small acorn size is maladaptive for successful seedling establishment at higher latitudes. Our results caution against inferring selective forces operating on seed size from among-species comparisons. Key words: acorn size, Quercus L., latitudinal clines, eastern North America.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Anuar, Muhammad Firdaus, Payam Shafigh, Azman Ma’amor, Sumra Yousuf, and Farid Wajdi Akashah. "Experimental Analysis of Changes in Cement Mortar Containing Oil Palm Boiler Clinker Waste at Elevated Temperatures in Different Cooling Conditions." Crystals 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080988.

Full text
Abstract:
Changes in cement-based materials containing waste after exposure to elevated temperatures are an important aspect that should be studied in developing sustainable construction materials. Modified cement-based materials obtained using the industrial waste present robust engineering properties can lead to sustainable development. This work evaluated the capacity of oil palm boiler clinker (OPBC) waste that had been produced during the palm oil extraction process as partial and full substitutions for natural sand to produce cement mortar. The mortar materials were cured under three different curing conditions and were then tested at a room temperature of approximately 27 °C and elevated temperatures of 200 °C to 1000 °C using an electric furnace. The specimens were maintained in the electric furnace under maximum temperatures for 2 h and were then cooled down with water or under ambient temperature. The changes in the forms of colour, weight, compressive strength, microstructure, mineralogical composition, and thermal conductivity were investigated. Test results showed that the compressive strength of OPBC mortars was generally higher than the strength of the control mortar after heat exposure. Water cooling exerted less damage to samples compared to air cooling. The results from field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy demonstrated that the mineral composition varied at different temperatures. In conclusion, this work provides an extensive report and can be used as a guide in utilising OPBC as cementitious materials for future cement-based applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Zhou, Tao, Mengying Wang, Hao Ma, Xiang Li, Yoriko Heianza, and Lu Qi. "Dietary Fiber, Genetic Variations of Gut Microbiota-derived Short-chain Fatty Acids, and Bone Health in UK Biobank." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa740.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Context Dietary fiber intake may relate to bone health. Objective To investigate whether dietary fiber intake is associated with bone mineral density (BMD), and the modification effect of genetic variations related to gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Design The associations of dietary fiber intake with estimated BMD derived from heel ultrasound and fractures were assessed in 224 630 and 384 134 participants from the UK Biobank. Setting UK Biobank. Main Outcome Measures Estimated BMD derived from heel ultrasound Results Higher dietary fiber intake (per standard deviation) was significantly associated with higher heel-BMD (β [standard error] = 0.0047 [0.0003], P = 1.10 × 10–54). Similarly significant associations were observed for all the fiber subtypes including cereal, fruit (dried and raw), and vegetable (cooked and raw) (all P &lt; .05). A positive association was found in both women and men but more marked among men except for dietary fiber in cooked vegetables (all Pinteraction &lt; .05). A protective association was found between dietary fiber intake and hip fracture (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 0.89-0.99; P = 3.0 × 10–2). In addition, the association between dietary fiber and heel BMD was modified by genetically determined SCFA propionate production (Pinteraction = 5.1 × 10–3). The protective association between dietary fiber and heel BMD was more pronounced among participants with lower genetically determined propionate production. Conclusions Our results indicate that greater intakes of total dietary fiber and subtypes from various food sources are associated with higher heel-BMD. Participants with lower genetically determined propionate production may benefit more from taking more dietary fiber.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Close, D. C., N. J. Davidson, C. B. Shields, and R. Wiltshire. "Reflectance and phenolics of green and glaucous leaves of Eucalyptus urnigera." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 5 (2007): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06037.

Full text
Abstract:
On Mount Wellington, Tasmania, Australia, there is an altitudinal cline in the juvenile leaf form of Eucalyptus urnigera from a green phenotype at lower altitudes (from 610 m) to a glaucous phenotype at higher altitudes (up to 1050 m). The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify reflectance of ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves of the glaucous and green phenotypes and (2) to investigate seasonal adjustment in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and tannin and flavonol compounds that absorb in UV spectrum. The following two research sites were identified: one at low altitude (at 910 m, solely green phenotype) and one at high altitude (1004 m, solely glaucous phenotype) on the E. urnigera cline. During the experimental period, average summer temperatures were similar at the two sites but in winter, average temperatures were 5–6°C lower and minimum temperatures 0.4–0.7°C lower at the high-altitude site occupied by the glaucous phenotype. Incident PAR was similar at the two sites. Reflectance was higher for glaucous leaves than for green leaves across the light spectrum of UVC (190–280 nm), UVB (280–320 nm), UVA (320–400 nm) and PAR (400–700 nm). Reflectance was significantly higher from the abaxial than from the adaxial surface of leaves. Fv/Fm was similar for glaucous and green leaves in summer but significantly lower in green than glaucous leaves in winter. Fv/Fm was significantly lower in winter than in summer for both leaf types. Tannins were significantly higher in green than glaucous leaves but there was no effect of season. Flavonol concentrations were similar for leaves of both types and did not vary with season. We conclude that high reflectance of UV radiation and PAR may confer benefit at the cooler, high-altitude portion of the cline of E. urnigera and that low reflectance of PAR may confer benefit at the relatively warm and densely vegetated, low-altitude portion of the cline of E. urnigera where inter- and intra-specific competition for light is likely to be intense.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Borsukiewicz-Gozdur, Aleksandra. "Exergy analysis of internal regeneration in supercritical cycles of ORC power plant." Archives of Thermodynamics 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-012-0017-9.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In the paper presented is an idea of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operating with supercritical parameters and so called dry fluids. Discussed is one of the methods of improving the effectiveness of operation of supercritical cycle by application of internal regeneration of heat through the use of additional heat exchanger. The main objective of internal regenerator is to recover heat from the vapour leaving the turbine and its transfer to the liquid phase of working fluid after the circulation pump. In effect of application of the regenerative heat exchanger it is possible to obtain improved effectiveness of operation of the power plant, however, only in the case when the ORC plant is supplied from the so called sealed heat source. In the present paper presented is the discussion of heat sources and on the base of the case study of two heat sources, namely the rate of heat of thermal oil from the boiler and the rate of heat of hot air from the cooler of the clinkier from the cement production line having the same initial temperature of 260 oC, presented is the influence of the heat source on the justification of application of internal regeneration. In the paper presented are the calculations for the supercritical ORC power plant with R365mfc as a working fluid, accomplished has been exergy changes and exergy efficiency analysis with the view to select the most appropriate parameters of operation of the power plant for given parameters of the heat source.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Stocker, Ann Jacob, Brad Foley, and Ary Hoffmann. "Inversion frequencies in Drosophila serrata along an eastern Australian transect." Genome 47, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-078.

Full text
Abstract:
Clinal patterns over broad geographic regions provide a way of identifying characteristics of species under selection and are increasingly being used in quantitative trait locus mapping of adaptive genetic variation in Drosophila. However, interpretations of clinal patterns can be complicated by inversions that also vary clinally and reduce recombination in some parts of the genome. Drosophila serrata (Malloch) is an Australian endemic species being used to investigate the genetic basis of geographic variation in climatic adaptation and mate recognition. Here we describe inversions in D. serrata populations from the east coast of Australia, covering tropical and temperate regions. Seven autosomal paracentric inversions and 1 apparently complex X chromosome arrangement were identified from these populations. All inverted arrangements were relatively more common in tropical populations; 2 common inversions showed clinal patterns over part of the range of D. serrata. Inversion polymorphism was relatively higher in tropical populations and almost absent in populations near the cooler southern border, in agreement with findings on other Drosophila species. While these patterns will complicate mapping of adaptive variation in D. serrata, they suggest that this species will be useful in investigatingthe dynamics of inversion-trait associations in natural populations.Key words: inversion polymorphism, geographic variation, latitudinal clines, Drosophila serrata.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Connoy, Jared W. H., Jessica A. Leivesley, Ronald J. Brooks, Jacqueline D. Litzgus, and Njal Rollinson. "Body size of ectotherms constrains thermal requirements for reproductive activity in seasonal environments." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 10 (October 2020): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0254.

Full text
Abstract:
Body size may influence ectotherm behaviour by influencing heating and cooling rates, thereby constraining the time of day that some individuals can be active. The time of day at which turtles nest, for instance, is hypothesized to vary with body size at both inter- and intra-specific levels because large individuals have greater thermal inertia, retaining preferred body temperatures for a longer period of time. We use decades of data on thousands of individual nests from Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, to explore how body size is associated with nesting behaviour in Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783); small bodied) and Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758); large bodied). We found that (i) between species, Painted Turtles nest earlier in the evening and at higher mean temperatures than Snapping Turtles, and (ii) within species, relatively large individuals of both species nest at cooler temperatures and that relatively larger Painted Turtles nest later in the evening compared with smaller Painted Turtles. Our data support the thermal inertia hypothesis and may help explain why turtles in general exhibit geographic clines in body size: northern environments experience more daily variation in temperature, and larger size may evolve, in part, for retention of preferred body temperature during terrestrial forays.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Cui, Jifa, Bingxin Wang, Shengnan Ji, Huawei Su, and Youbing Zhou. "Revisiting classic ecogeographical rules, using a widely distributed mouse species (Apodemus draco)." Animal Biology 70, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10012.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Ecogeographical rules predict an association between specific adaptive morphological/physiological traits and latitude, elevation or cooler climates. Such ecogeographical effects are often expressed most clearly in widely distributed species due to continuous selective adaptation occurring over their geographic range. Based on 40 population sampling sites of 116 adult individuals (female, ; male, ) across an elevational range of 191–2573 m, we tested whether morphological traits accorded with predictions of Bergmann’s rule, Allen’s rule and Hesse’s rule for the South China field mouse (Apodemus draco). The effects of elevation on body size, appendage length and heart size were tested by fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models. None conformed to Bergmann’s, Allen’s or Hesse’s rule. Clines in body size opposed Bergmann’s rule, and foot and snout length ratios opposed Allen’s rule. We conclude that South China field mice, a widely distributed species, exhibit an acute thermoregulation mechanism in which in colder conditions body sizes decrease – as opposed to altering heart sizes or surface area to volume ratios – requiring less energy to regulate body temperatures. Also, there was a stronger selective pressure to increase partial appendage lengths (i.e., foot and snout) to adapt to the specific environment (e.g. longer period of snow cover, up to 2573 m) rather than on a general shortening of appendages to cope with colder conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Zdilla, Matthew J. "The Hand of Sabazios: Evidence of Dupuytren’s Disease in Antiquity and the Origin of the Hand of Benediction." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 22, no. 03 (August 4, 2017): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810417970012.

Full text
Abstract:
Dupuytren’s disease gained its eponym from the surgeon Baron Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835). However, the terms “Cline’s contracture” and “Cooper’s contracture,” named after the two surgeons who proposed the treatment for the palmar contractures prior to Dupuytren, have also been used to describe the disease. In addition to the eponyms attributed to these three surgeons, a number of other appellations with interesting provenance exist for Dupuytren’s disease including the “Curse of the MacCrimmons,” “Celtic hand,” “Viking’s disease,” and the “Hand of Benediction.” These terms all have interesting provenance; however, contention exists with regard to the appropriateness of their coinage. Of these terms, the “Hand of Benediction” is based upon the oldest history, supposedly thought to be a result of an early Pope afflicted with Dupuytren’s disease. This report suggests that Dupuytren’s disease was recorded in history prior Christianity, the Vikings, as well as Dupuytren, Cline, and Cooper. Nearly 100 votive “Hand of Sabazios” artifacts from Antiquity appear to document Dupuytren’s disease via sculpture. The report posits that Dupuytren’s disease may have been represented by the “Hand of Sabazios,” subsequently inspiring the “Hand of Benediction” and “Hand of God” that has permeated Christian art and culture for thousands of years.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Sáenz-Romero, Cuauhtémoc, Antoine Kremer, László Nagy, Éva Újvári-Jármay, Alexis Ducousso, Anikó Kóczán-Horváth, Jon Kehlet Hansen, and Csaba Mátyás. "Common garden comparisons confirm inherited differences in sensitivity to climate change between forest tree species." PeerJ 7 (January 15, 2019): e6213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6213.

Full text
Abstract:
The natural distribution, habitat, growth and evolutionary history of tree species are strongly dependent on ecological and genetic processes in ecosystems subject to fluctuating climatic conditions, but there have been few experimental comparisons of sensitivity between species. We compared the responses of two broadleaved tree species (Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea) and two conifer tree species (Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) to climatic transfers by fitting models containing the same climatic variables. We used published data from European provenance test networks to model the responses of individual populations nested within species. A mixed model approach was applied to develop a response function for tree height over climatic transfer distance, taking into account the climatic conditions at both the seed source and the test location. The two broadleaved species had flat climatic response curves, indicating high levels of plasticity in populations, facilitating adaptation to a broader range of environments, and conferring a high potential for resilience in the face of climatic change. By contrast, the two conifer species had response curves with more pronounced slopes, indicating a lower resilience to climate change. This finding may reflect stronger genetic clines in P. sylvestris and P. abies, which constrain their climate responses to narrower climatic ranges. The response functions had maxima that deviated from the expected maximum productivity in the climate of provenance towards cooler/moister climate conditions, which we interpreted as an adaptation lag. Unilateral, linear regression analyses following transfer to warmer and drier sites confirmed a decline in productivity, predictive of the likely impact of ongoing climate change on forest populations. The responses to mimicked climate change evaluated here are of considerable interest for forestry and ecology, supporting projections of expected performance based on “real-time” field data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

"Utilization of Waste Heat Recovery in Jordan Cement Factories." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 2S3 (December 30, 2019): 523–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b1124.1292s319.

Full text
Abstract:
This research aims to investigate the potential of using the exhaust gases generated through the cement industry, to reduce the electricity consumption rate of the grid in the cement factory using a suggested design of thermodynamic cycle, which will lead to an improvement of the overall energy efficiency in the plant. Results showed that simple Rankine cycle came up to have the highest efficiency which is equal to 21 % and the most suitable cycle to cement factories with production capacity equal to 3500 ton/day of clinker or more where the temperature range of the cooler exhaust gases is (300-420) ˚C.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Hongyi, Wang, Zhang Kun, Zhu Xinjun, Song Limei, and Dong Feng. "Multi-objective optimization design of cement grate cooler control system based on improved long short-term memory network." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, June 27, 2021, 014233122110230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312211023017.

Full text
Abstract:
For the cement production process, the optimization method of the grate cooler is important in reducing energy consumption and ensuring product quality. As a complicated and slow control process, there are several control objectives of the grate cooler, which are determined by design parameters. To compute the time delay of the design parameters automatically, we propose an improved long short-term memory with adaptive computation time (ACT-LSTM) model for objective prediction. An improved multi-objective optimization algorithm named bounded stable non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (BS-NSGA-II) is proposed to solve the optimal solutions. With the proposed methods, the average electricity consumption is reduced by 13.2%, the secondary air temperature is increased, the clinker outlet temperature is stabilized in a reasonable range, and the design parameters change smoothly. The experiment results have indicated that the proposed method is effective in the optimization of objectives and the stability operation of the equipment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Makmur, Mohamad Miftah Fadlika, Alvian Toto Wibisono, and Lukman Noerochim. "Analisis Kegagalan Komponen Driver Plate dalam Cooler Clinker Pada Unit Tuban I PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk." Jurnal Teknik ITS 6, no. 2 (September 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v6i2.24490.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

V, Chkheidze. "Local Raw Material, Fuel and Clinker Production Processing with 5 Stage PreCalciner Kiln and Grate Cooler in Georgia." Progress in Petrochemical Science 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31031/pps.2021.04.000577.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

CIOBANU, CRISTIAN, GHEORGHE VOICU, MAGDALENA –. LAURA TOMA, and PAULA TUDOR. "EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA." Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 24, no. 1 (October 2, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v24i1.286.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography