Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clinker Portland

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Academic literature on the topic 'Clinker Portland'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Clinker Portland"

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Luo, Li, Yimin Zhang, Shenxu Bao, and Tiejun Chen. "Utilization of Iron Ore Tailings as Raw Material for Portland Cement Clinker Production." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1596047.

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The cement industry has for some time been seeking alternative raw material for the Portland cement clinker production. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of utilizing iron ore tailings (IOT) to replace clay as alumina-silicate raw material for the production of Portland cement clinker. For this purpose, two kinds of clinkers were prepared: one was prepared by IOT; the other was prepared by clay as a reference. The reactivity and burnability of raw meal, mineralogical composition and physical properties of clinker, and hydration characteristic of cement were studied by burnability analysis, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and hydration analysis. The results showed that the raw meal containing IOT had higher reactivity and burnability than the raw meal containing clay, and the use of IOT did not affect the formation of characteristic mineralogical phases of Portland cement clinker. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical performance of two cement clinkers were similar. In addition, the use of IOT was found to improve the grindability of clinker and lower the hydration heat of Portland cement. These findings suggest that IOT can replace the clay as alumina-silicate raw material for the preparation of Portland cement clinker.
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Zucchini, Azzurra, Paola Comodi, Alessandro Di Michele, et al. "Effect of the Nano-Ca(OH)2 Addition on the Portland Clinker Cooking Efficiency." Materials 12, no. 11 (2019): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111787.

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A new technology was tested to improve the cooking efficiency of the raw mixture for Portland clinker production by the use of nano-Ca(OH)2. A decrease in the free lime concentration after the firing of approximately 35% and 55% in the nano-added clinkers burned at 1350 °C and 1450 °C, respectively, with respect to the standard Portland clinkers was observed. Moreover, in the nano-added clinkers, a slight decrease in alite (C3S), of approximately 2–4 wt%, and increase in belite (C2S), of approximately 5–6 wt%, were observed. Despite these variations, the C2S and C3S abundance lies within the ranges for standard Portland clinkers. The results showed that the nano-addition leads to an increase of the raw mixtures’ cooking efficiency. The relatively low energy required for the clinker firing could be used to increase the plant productivity and decrease the CO2 emissions during clinker burning. The decrease of the work index of the clinkers produced by the use of the nano-Ca(OH)2 also contributes to the energy saving during clinker grinding. Differences were also found in the pore size distribution among nano-added clinkers and the standard Portland clinker. The smallest porosities with the modal volume lying in the class of 3 × 10−6 mm3 were found to increase by the use of nano-Ca(OH)2. However, the pore volumes higher than 2.0 × 10−5 mm3 decreased in the nano-added clinkers.
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Zezulová, Anežka, Theodor Staněk, and Tomáš Opravil. "The Influence of Barium Compounds on the Formation of Portland Cement Clinker." Materials Science Forum 851 (April 2016): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.851.116.

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Portland clinker is thanks to its large-scale production a continuously studied topic. Clinker, or Portland cement, is used for construction purposes or for insulation and special applications. One of these special applications could be shielding of different types of radiation by making use of the content of barium ions. The present article examines the influence of barium oxide on the formation and properties of Portland clinker, which could be, by incorporation of barium ions into the system, used as a binder for buildings resistant to various types of radiation. Barium sulphate and barium carbonate were added to the raw meal in order to prepare clinkers with different content of barium oxide. The effect of barium on the formation of clinker phases was studied (by XRD – Rietveld analysis and by the microscopic point counting method), as well as the rate of alite formation under isothermal conditions. Furthermore, the ability of barium to become a part of clinker minerals was studied by SEM with EDS.
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Benmohamed, Mohamed, Rabah Alouani, Amel Jmayai, Abdesslem Ben Haj Amara, and Hafsia Ben Rhaiem. "Morphological Analysis of White Cement Clinker Minerals: Discussion on the Crystallization-Related Defects." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1259094.

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The paper deals with a formation of artificial rock (clinker). Temperature plays the capital role in the manufacturing process. So, it is useful to analyze a poor clinker to identify the different phases and defects associated with their crystallization. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the clinker’s chemical composition. The amounts of the mineralogical phases are measured by quantitative XRD analysis (Rietveld). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the main phases of white Portland cement clinker and the defects associated with the formation of clinker mineral elements. The results of a study which focused on the identification of white clinker minerals and defects detected in these noncomplying clinkers such as fluctuation of the amount of the main phases (alite (C3S) and belite (C2S)), excess of the free lime, occurrence of C3S polymorphs, and occurrence of moderately-crystallized structures are presented in this paper.
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Jovanovic, Natasa, Miroslav Komljenovic, Ljiljana Petrasinovic-Stojkanovic, Zvezdana Bascarevic, Violeta Bradic, and Aleksandra Rosic. "Substitution of the clayey mineral component by lignite fly ash in portland cement clinker synthesis." Chemical Industry 60, no. 9-10 (2006): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0610253j.

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Fly ash from four power plants in Serbia (PP "Morava" - Svilajnac, PP "Kolubara" - Veliki Grijani, PP "Kostolac" - units B1 and B2 - Kostolac and PP "Nikola Tesla" - units A and B - Obrenovac) was utilized as the starting raw component for Portland cement clinker synthesis. Limestone and quartz sand from the "Holcim - Serbia, a.d." cement factory were the other two starting raw components. Based on the chemical composition of the raw components and from the projected cement moduli, the amounts of raw components in the raw mixtures were calculated. Six different raw mixtures were prepared - each one consisted of limestone, sand and different fly ash. A raw mixture from the industrial production of the "Holcim - Serbia, a.d." cement factory was used as the reference material. The prepared raw mixtures were sintered in a laboratory furnace at 1400?C. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the synthesized clinkers were determined. The characteristics of clinkers, based on fly ash, were compared to the characteristics of the industrial Portland cement clinker from the "Holcim - Serbia, a.d." cement factory. The results of the investigation showed that fly ash from power plants in Serbia can be suitable for Portland cement clinker synthesis.
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León-Reina, L., A. G. De la Torre, J. M. Porras-Vázquez, et al. "Round robin on Rietveld quantitative phase analysis of Portland cements." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 5 (2009): 906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809028374.

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Interlaboratory studies on the precision and accuracy of Rietveld quantitative phase analysis (R-QPA) of mixtures of crystalline phases have already been carried out. However, cement-related materials are samples of variable complexity, ranging from three phases in white Portland clinkers to more than eight phases in grey cements, that need to be specifically investigated. Here, the results are reported from a round robin on the R-QPA of cement-related materials from laboratories with experience in this type of analysis. The aim of the work was to evaluate the levels of precision and accuracy associated with Portland clinkers and cements. Two sets of samples have been investigated, artificial mixtures and commercial samples. Artificial mixtures were prepared by mixing (weighing) synthesized single-crystalline phases in the appropriate proportions: (i) white clinker (Ca3SiO5, Ca2SiO4and Ca3Al2O6) and (ii) grey cement (Ca3SiO5, Ca2SiO4, Ca3Al2O6, Ca4Al2Fe2O10, CaCO3and CaSO4·2H2O). These two samples were used to assess the accuracy and uncertainty of the procedure, as an expected mineralogical phase fraction, the `true mineralogical percentage', is available under the assumption of negligible non-diffracting contents. In order to assess the validity and limitations of the Rietveld-based approach for cement materials, three commercial samples were measured: (i) white Portland clinker, (ii) grey Portland clinker and (iii) a type-I grey Portland cement. The samples studied have been chosen in order to cover most of the different typologies of binders. Reproducibilities and general uncertainty values, with a level of confidence of 95%, are reported and discussed.
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Andrade, F. R. D., M. Pecchio, D. P. Bendoraitis, T. J. Montanheiro, and Y. Kihara. "Basalt mine-tailings as raw-materials for Portland clinker." Cerâmica 56, no. 337 (2010): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132010000100007.

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Large volumes of waste materials are produced by crushing of basaltic rocks for aggregate production, which is widely used in regions that lack rocks of granitic or gneissic composition. Two types of waste materials are produced (a) quarry fines, which are in part used as fine aggregates in concrete and (b) vesicular basalt, a porous variety of basalt that is useless as aggregate. This paper presents a procedure to use basaltic mine-tailings as raw-mixtures for Portland cement by adjusting the proportion of the other raw-materials (limestone, clay, iron ore). It is demonstrated that there is no need for additional fluxes to the basalt-bearing raw-mixtures, since the setting of the chemical parameters is enough to guarantee clinker formation. Two series of experimental clinkers were synthesized with raw-mixtures containing residues from a basalt quarry that produces aggregates for concrete. Experimental clinkers were produced from raw-mixtures with similar lime saturation factors, silica and alumina modules, which were set by adjusting the proportions of limestone, clay and iron ore to the varying proportions of basaltic materials added to them. One series of clinkers was made with basalt quarry fines, which are in part used as fine aggregate, but also accumulate as mine-tailings. Other series was made using vesicular (porous) basalt, a variety not resistant enough to be used as aggregate. It is demonstrated that the basaltic composition is fully compatible with clinker production, and no addition of fluxes or other additions is required. Composition of the raw-mixtures was checked by chemical analysis. Quantitative phase analysis of the clinkers was made by optical microscopy point counting, together with qualitative X-ray diffraction. All mixtures produced clinkers with acceptable proportions of major and minor crystalline phases, inside the range of common industrial Portland clinkers.
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Mestnikov, A. E., A. I. Kudyakov, and V. N. Rozhin. "PORTLAND CEMENT WITH NATURAL MINERAL ADDITIVES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-2-192-201.

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One of the most effective developments of energy saving in the production of Portland cement used worldwide, is joint grinding of Portland cement clinker with injected mineral additives, such as pozzolanic rocks, ashes and slags.The aim of this work is to substantiate the possibility of the quality cement production using joint grinding of Portland cement clinker with natural mineral additives with a view to the of production location.River (quartz-feldspar) sands of the Lena basin and large-tonnage raw materials (zeolitecontaining rocks of the Khonguruu deposit) are considered as mineral additives to Portland cement. The study uses both standard test methods and the X-ray phase analysis for binders and concretes.The activity of the mineral additives to Portland cement is studied. The main properties of clinker, gypsum stone and mineral additives are studied to organize the production of quality Portland cement and products for the support of construction projects in the North-Eastern part of the Arctic and the North of Russia. The effect from additives and fineness of zeolitecontaining clinker and quartz-feldspar sand is studied relative to the thickness and setting time of the cement paste and cement mortar strength.It is shown that the types CEM II/A-P 32.5N and CEM II / A-P 42.5N Portland cement can be produced from imported Portland cement clinker and local mineral additives saving 5–15 % Portland cement clinker.
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Cui, Shi Cai, Xing Jun Lv, and Jing Liu. "Preparation of Portland Cement with Pumice." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.733.

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The portland cement clinker was successfully produced using pumice as the principal materials. Effects of different calcine temperature on cement clinker were studied. Phase compositions of clinker were confirmed by combining the phase diagram with X-ray diffraction. Microstructures of clinker were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. From the result of mechanical property showed that the compression strength of clinker can be reached 35MPa. The result of scanning electron microscope showed that the main hydrating products were CSH gels, AFt and CH crystals, the morphology of which were normal. With the prolongation of hydrating age, the hydrating products were richer and the cement paste was densified.
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Sheshukov, Oleg, and Egiazaryan Denis. "Difficulties of technogenic formations roasting products processing into the portland cement clinker in the presence of a significant amount of SO3." E3S Web of Conferences 126 (2019): 00048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912600048.

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Synthesis of the portland cement clinker in the presence of a significant amount of SO3 is difficultdue to the tricalcium silicate formation suppression. Since some technogenic formations contain a significant amount of SO3 it is hard to obtain the portland cement clinker from it. The analysis of the SO3 influence on the clinker–formation thermodynamic process allowed to reveal a number of regularities of their occurrence and to propose a method for the raw mix composition calculating and its preparation toensure a stable portland cement clinker synthesis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clinker Portland"

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Gomes, Sylvio Dutra. "Incorporação de enxofre no silicato dicálcico do clínquer de cimento Portland: influência na estabilidade de polimorfos e na reatividade hidráulica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44144/tde-29062007-113021/.

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O presente trabalho aborda a incorporação de enxofre no silicato dicálcico (Ca2SiO4), fase cristalina que representa entre 20-40% em massa do clínquer de cimento Portland comum e que no âmbito da indústria cimenteira é conhecida como C2S (2CaO.SiO2), ou belita. Este composto apresenta cinco polimorfos, sendo que o polimorfo monoclínico ?-C2S de alta temperatura é o que apresenta maior reatividade com água. Realizou-se síntese de amostras de C2S, a partir de reagentes de alta pureza, com adições de enxofre na forma de CaSO4.2H2O segundo a proporção estequiométrica 2Ca:(1-x)Si:xS, onde x é a proporção catiônica de enxofre, que assumiu os seguintes valores: 0; 0,05; 0,3; 0,6; 0,1 e 0,2. Para determinar a composição das amostras sintetizadas, bem como os parâmetros de cela dos polimorfos de C2S, utilizou-se o método de Rietveld com dados de difração de raios-X. A determinação da micro-deformação e do tamanho médio de cristalito foi feita através do refinamento de parâmetros de função de perfil de pico após a calibração do difratômetro com óxido de cério. Os valores de micro-deformação de cristalito mostram correlação com o teor de enxofre incorporado no C2S. A reatividade com água foi determinada por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC - differential scanning calorimetry), avaliando-se o calor de hidratação das amostras. Os resultados revelam maior reatividade com água e consequentemente maior formação de portlandita após hidratação, quanto maior o teor de enxofre. Os resultados revelam também que o enxofre estabiliza o polimorfo de mais alta temperatura ?-C2S. O máximo de incorporação de SO3 no C2S, em substituição ao SiO2, foi de 5 mol%, conforme checagem por balanço de massas com base na composição química determinada por fluorescência de raios X. A incorporação de enxofre causou uma variação progressiva dos parâmetros de cela: até 0,1% (Å) nos eixos cristalográficos (a, b, c) e 0,4% no ângulo ?. Esta variação sugere uma solução sólida do tipo substitucional (silício-enxofre) na estrutura do C2S.O presente trabalho aborda a incorporação de enxofre no silicato dicálcico (Ca2SiO4), fase cristalina que representa entre 20-40% em massa do clínquer de cimento Portland comum e que no âmbito da indústria cimenteira é conhecida como C2S (2CaO.SiO2), ou belita. Este composto apresenta cinco polimorfos, sendo que o polimorfo monoclínico ?-C2S de alta temperatura é o que apresenta maior reatividade com água. Realizou-se síntese de amostras de C2S, a partir de reagentes de alta pureza, com adições de enxofre na forma de CaSO4.2H2O segundo a proporção estequiométrica 2Ca:(1- x)Si:xS, onde x é a proporção catiônica de enxofre, que assumiu os seguintes valores: 0; 0,05; 0,3; 0,6; 0,1 e 0,2. Para determinar a composição das amostras sintetizadas, bem como os parâmetros de cela dos polimorfos de C2S, utilizou-se o método de Rietveld com dados de difração de raios-X. A determinação da micro-deformação e do tamanho médio de cristalito foi feita através do refinamento de parâmetros de função de perfil de pico após a calibração do difratômetro com óxido de cério. Os valores de micro-deformação de cristalito mostram correlação com o teor de enxofre incorporado no C2S. A reatividade com água foi determinada por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC - differential scanning calorimetry), avaliando-se o calor de hidratação das amostras. Os resultados revelam maior reatividade com água e consequentemente maior formação de portlandita após hidratação, quanto maior o teor de enxofre. Os resultados revelam também que o enxofre estabiliza o polimorfo de mais alta temperatura ?-C2S. O máximo de incorporação de SO3 no C2S, em substituição ao SiO2, foi de 5 mol%, conforme checagem por balanço de massas com base na composição química determinada por fluorescência de raios X. A incorporação de enxofre causou uma variação progressiva dos parâmetros de cela: até 0,1% (Å) nos eixos cristalográficos (a, b, c) e 0,4% no ângulo ?. Esta variação sugere uma solução sólida do tipo substitucional (silício-enxofre) na estrutura do C2S.O presente trabalho aborda a incorporação de enxofre no silicato dicálcico (Ca2SiO4), fase cristalina que representa entre 20-40% em massa do clínquer de cimento Portland comum e que no âmbito da indústria cimenteira é conhecida como C2S (2CaO.SiO2), ou belita. Este composto apresenta cinco polimorfos, sendo que o polimorfo monoclínico ?-C2S de alta temperatura é o que apresenta maior reatividade com água. Realizou-se síntese de amostras de C2S, a partir de reagentes de alta pureza, com adições de enxofre na forma de CaSO4.2H2O segundo a proporção estequiométrica 2Ca:(1-x)Si:xS, onde x é a proporção catiônica de enxofre, que assumiu os seguintes valores: 0; 0,05; 0,3; 0,6; 0,1 e 0,2. Para determinar a composição das amostras sintetizadas, bem como os parâmetros de cela dos polimorfos de C2S, utilizou-se o método de Rietveld com dados de difração de raios-X. A determinação da micro-deformação e do tamanho médio de cristalito foi feita através do refinamento de parâmetros de função de perfil de pico após a calibração do difratômetro com óxido de cério. Os valores de micro-deformação de cristalito mostram correlação com o teor de enxofre incorporado no C2S. A reatividade com água foi determinada por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC - differential scanning calorimetry), avaliando-se o calor de hidratação das amostras. Os resultados revelam maior reatividade com água e consequentemente maior formação de portlandita após hidratação, quanto maior o teor de enxofre. Os resultados revelam também que o enxofre estabiliza o polimorfo de mais alta temperatura ?-C2S. O máximo de incorporação de SO3 no C2S, em substituição ao SiO2, foi de 5 mol%, conforme checagem por balanço de massas com base na composição química determinada por fluorescência de raios X. A incorporação de enxofre causou uma variação progressiva dos parâmetros de cela: até 0,1% (Å) nos eixos cristalográficos (a, b, c) e 0,4% no ângulo ?. Esta variação sugere uma solução sólida do tipo substitucional (silício-enxofre) na estrutura do C2S.<br>The present study regards the incorporation of sulfur in dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4), a crystalline phase that represents 20 to 40 wt. % of the common Portland cement clinker. In the cement industry this compound is known as C2S (2CaO.SiO2) or belite. It has five polymorphs, and the monoclinic high temperature ?-C2S has the highest reactivity with water. The synthesis of the C2S samples was made with high purity reactants with addition of sulfur as CaSO4.2H2O, mixed according to the stoichiometric proportion 2Ca:(1-x)Si:xS, in which x corresponds to the cationic proportion of sulfur, with the values 0; 0.05; 0.3; 0.6; 0.1 and 0.2. The composition of the samples, as well as the cell parameters of the C2S polymorphs, was determined with the Rietveld method using X-ray diffraction data. Determination of micro-deformation and crystallite average size was made by peak profile function refinement, after calibration of the instrument with a cerium oxide standard. Micro-deformation values show a positive correlation with the sulfur content in the C2S structure. The reactivity of C2S with water was measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the heat of hydration. The results reveal a higher reactivity and consequently higher rate of portlandite formation after hydration, in samples with increasing sulfur contents. The presence of sulfur in the C2S structure stabilizes the high temperature polymorph ?-C2S. The highest SO3 incorporation in C2S, replacing SiO2, is 5 mol%, according to mass balance calculations with chemical composition obtained by X-ray fluorescence. The presence of sulfur caused a rogressive variation in the cell parameters: up to 0.1% (Å) in the crystallographic axis (a, b, c) and 0.4% in the ? angle. This variation suggests a substitutional solid solution between Si and S in the C2S structure.
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Serclerat, Ivan. "Les métaux traces dans le clinker de ciment Portland : rétention dans les mortiers et fixation dans les hydrates." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0140.

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Ces travaux visent à caractériser le devenir des métaux lourds introduits dans les fours à ciment par les matières premières naturelles, les combustibles fossiles ou les déchets utilisés comme combustibles. La partie expérimentale a porté sur l'étude de ciments industriels et de ciments de laboratoire enrichis en zinc, plomb et chrome au cours de la cuisson. Des tests de lixiviation ont permis de montrer que le zinc est quasiment insoluble entre pH 7 et pH 13. Le plomb est solubilisable uniquement dans les contextes de pH supérieurs à 12,5. Le chrome (VI), dont les sels courants sont très solubles, est fixé dans une phase hydratée, l'ettringite, qui reste stable dans le contexte chimique assuré par la matrice cimentière. Les relargages de plomb et de chrome sont proportionnels à leurs teneurs respectives dans le ciment. Il a été suggéré un mécanisme de relargage des métaux lié à la solubilité de l'espèce solide les contenant, en fonction du contexte chimique régnant localement à l'interface liquide-solide. Le mécanisme de fixation des métaux dans les hydrates a été étudié grâce à un suivi des concentrations en métaux dans la phase liquide du ciment au cours de l'hydratation. Le chromate est intégré dans le cristal d'ettringite, en substitution du sulfate. L'étude de la solubilisation du chrome par cette phase complexe a montré que le chrome est libéré en proportion de sa concentration dans l'ettringite, et a mis en évidence une dissolution préférentielle du métal par rapport au sulfate. Ces résultats ont permis d'éclairer en partie le mécanisme de relargage du chrome par les mortiers<br>This work aimed to assess the retention in the mortars of the heavy metals fed in a cement kiln with natural raw material, fossil fuels or waste derived fuels. Industrial cement has been studied, along with laboratory samples enriched during clinkering in lead, zinc and chromium. The relevant mortars were tested for metal release through leaching studies in various chemical contexts. Zinc appeared to be insoluble in the pH range 7-13. Lead is released only in alcaline medium above pH 12. 5. Hexavalent chromium whose salts are usually very soluble, is though retained in a hydrated phase that is stable in the chemical environment ensured by the cement matrix. Lead and chromium released are linked to the metal levels in the mortars. The solubility of the solid phases, in the chemical context of the pore fluid at the solid/liquid interface, appeared to be controlling the leaching rate of the metallic compounds. Fixation mechanisms of the heavy metals in the cement hydrates has been explored through the monitoring of the metal concentration in the liquid phase during cement hydration Chromate was found to substitute for sulfate in the ettringite crystal. The solubility studies of a chromate+sulfate ettringite revealed that chromium release is linked to its proportion in the crystal. A selective dissolution of the chromium part of ettringite has been pointed out. This Ieads to a lowering of the chromium level in such a solid contacted with water. These results improved the understanding of the release mechanisms of chromium by the mortar blocks
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Faure, Antoine. "Capacité d'un sédiment à se substituer à la fraction argileuse de la matière première de l'industrie des liants hydrauliques." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0079/document.

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Les retenues hydroélectriques, au même titre que les voies navigables et les ports maritimes, peuvent être soumises à une accumulation de particules solides. Si la majorité des sédiments est gérée au sein même du cours d'eau par transfert dans le lit aval, des raisons techniques ou environnementales pourraient impliquer à l'avenir une gestion à terre des déblais. Quoique considérées comme des déchets par la réglementation, les matières issues de dragage apparaissent comme une ressource noble et renouvelable. Dans une approche d'économie circulaire, certains secteurs industriels semblent en mesure d'utiliser les sédiments fins de barrage comme des matières premières alternatives, dont l'industrie des liants hydrauliques. Deux modalités de valorisation sont considérées dans cette thèse avec, d'une part, une utilisation comme matière première du cru en vue de la fabrication de clinker et, d'autre part, un emploi comme substitut pouzzolanique au clinker en ciments composés.Par l'étude de 8 sédiments prélevés sur l'ensemble du territoire français, la démarche doit aboutir à dégager des typologies de sédiments fins. Ces matériaux sont caractérisés de façon détaillée sur les aspects physico-chimiques et minéralogiques. Ces caractérisations préalables constituent une approche obligatoire pour, ensuite, tester les deux voies de valorisation matière et vérifier l'adéquation des matériaux issus de dragage.L'emploi de sédiments dans le cru, en substitution aux ressources argileuses traditionnellement utilisées, est expérimenté en laboratoire. Des clinkers maximisant le taux d'incorporation de sédiments fins, entre 25 et 35 % selon le sédiment, sont synthétisés. Les clinkers ainsi produits présentent des particularités microstructurales qu'il faut parfois atténuer par une complémentation en argile de carrière. En somme, il est montré que, quel que soit le sédiment, une valorisation dans le cru semble envisageable tout en anticipant les propriétés du clinker in fine. En démonstration, un ciment CEM I de classe 52,5 N est fabriqué avec un taux d'incorporation de sédiment de 11,4 %.Sur le plan du développement de la réactivité pouzzolanique, un suivi de l'évolution des propriétés physiques et minéralogiques des sédiments avec la température est effectué. En parallèle de ces caractérisations, une évaluation de la réactivité pouzzolanique est conduite avec des essais chimiques et physiques par substitution partielle de ciment Portland par des sédiments calcinés. Cela conduit à déterminer, s'il y a lieu, un optimum de calcination. Les teneurs en kaolinite, de l'ordre de 10 % de certains échantillons étudiés permettent le développement d'une activité pouzzolanique qui peut être modérée à élevée (comparable à une cendre volante). Néanmoins, pour l'ensemble des sédiments riches en calcite et dont le cortège argileux ne présente que des argiles de type illite et chlorite, l'activation est faible ou nulle<br>Hydroelectric dams, as well as waterways and marine harbours, can be subject to solid particles accumulation. Although sediment is mainly managed within the watercourse by a transfer into the downstream river bed, technical or environmental reasons might imply an on-land management in the future. Albeit sediments should be considered as waste according to regulations, dredged materials appear as valuable and renewable resources. In a circular economy approach, some industrial sectors could beneficially reuse fine-grained dam sediment as alternative raw materials, including hydraulic binders industry. Then, two ways of reusing are considered in this PhD thesis with on one hand, a valorization as raw material in the clinker meal and, on the other hand, as pozzolanic substitute to clinker in blended cements.Studying 8 different sediments that were sampled on the French territory, the approach aims to encompass various contexts and define some typologies. The materials are characterized in detail on physico-chemical and mineralogical aspects. These preliminary characterisations are necessary in order to test both the beneficial reuse opportunities and check the suitability of dredged sediments.The beneficial reuse of sediment in the clinker raw meal as replacement of traditional clay resources is experimented at the lab scale. Clinkers that maximize the fine-grained sediment content, between 25 and 35 % according to the sediment, are synthetized. These clinkers exhibit some special microstructural features that can be corrected by a clay addition as a third compound. Thus, it is shown that any sediment can be reused in the raw meal and that clinker characteristics can be anticipated and adjusted. As a demonstration, a CEM I 52.5 N cement was obtained incorporating 11.4 % of sediment in the raw meal.Concerning pozzolanic reactivity development, physical and mineralogical sediment characteristics are followed according to the calcination temperature. In parallel, pozzolanic reactivity is assessed with both chemical and physical tests, with a partial substitution of Portland cement by calcined sediments in cement pastes, in order to determine an optimum calcination temperature. Kaolinite contents around 10 % for some of the studied samples lead to a moderate to high pozzolanic reactivity, that can be comparable to fly ash. However, for all the sediments that contain calcite and only illite and chlorite clays, activation is low or null
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4

Cáceres, Alberto Eulogio Arias. "Caracterização da matéria-prima (Grupo Itapucumí) e sua queimabilidade para a produção de cimento Portland na industria nacional del cemento (Paraguai)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44137/tde-25042018-161847/.

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O presente trabalho consiste na detalhada caracterização geológica da Mina de Vallemí no Paraguai, utilizada para fabricação de cimento Portland pela Industria Nacional de Cemento (INC), seguida da caracterização das matérias-primas, por petrografia e análises químicas e mineralógicas, e posteriores testes de queimabilidade de seis farinhas experimentais, elaboradas com misturas das matérias-primas disponíveis. As farinhas foram sinterizadas e avaliadas qualitativamente, por microscopia do clínquer, e quantificadas por difração de raios-X (DRX) e método de Rietveld. A geologia da mina consiste em metapelitos, por vezes em alternâncias rítmicas, com metacalcários (metaritmito) da Formação Vallemí, basal, sobrepostos por metacalcários puros, com intercalações de metadolomito, da Formação Camba Jhopo, ambas do Grupo Itapucumí (Ediacarano), dispostas em dobra isoclinal com flanco invertido (Faixa de Dobramentos Vallemí). Dada à diversidade litológica e complexidade tectônica, o estudo requereu mapeamento geológico detalhado (escala 1:2000), com coleta de amostras e análise química concomitante, no laboratório de qualidade da indústria, e atualização da topografia e modelagem 3D. Foram individualizados nove litotipos: 1) Litotipo Misto (Itá jopara); 2) Litotipo Ritmito Verde (Itá hovy?); 3) Litotipo Ritmito Vermelho (Itá pytã); 4) Litotipo Calcário Cinza (Itá hungy); 5) Litotipo Calcrete (Itá manduvi sa\'yju); 6) Litotipo Dolomito (Itá pytãngy); 7) Litotipo Arenito Vermelho (Itá atã pytã); 8) Litotipo Lamprofiro (Itá h?); 9) Litotipo Vulcânica Básica (Itá kui sa\'yju), sendo os cincos primeiros apropriados para fabricação de cimento. O Litotipo Dolomito é apropriado se usado em misturas e os demais são materiais estéreis. Foram realizadas seis diferentes misturas de litotipos, além da normalmente empregada na indústria, utilizada como referência, com avaliação do índice de queimabilidade (IQ) nos laboratórios da Associação Brasileira de Cimento Portland (ABCP). As farinhas D1, D3 e D4 foram classificados como fácil de queimar, e as demais, D2, D5b e D6b, com queimabilidade normal. Pode-se dizer que todas apresentam índices de queimabilidade compatíveis com os padrões exigidos para a produção de cimento Portland, destacando que a melhor mistura foi obtida com a farinha D4 (composta por Litotipo Ritmito Vermelho 83,07%, Litotipo Ritmito Verde 14,45% e mineral de ferro 1,48%), e a de menor desempenho a D5b (composta por Litotipo Calcrete 50,17%, Litotipo Misto 48,32% e mineral de ferro 1,52%), o que foi possível também corroborar na quantificação das fases do clínquer.<br>The present work deals with a detailed geological characterization of the Vallemí Mine in Paraguay, explored to manufacture of Portland cement by the National Cement Industry (INC), followed by the characterization of the raw materials, by petrography, chemical and mineralogical analyzes, and subsequent burnability tests of six experimental raw mixtures, prepared with mixtures of available raw materials. The flours were sintered and evaluated qualitatively by clinker microscopy and quantified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld method. The geology of the mine includes metapelites, sometimes in rhythmic alternations, with metalimestone of the Vallemí Formation, basal, overlapped by pure metalimestone, with intercalation of metadolomite, of the Camba Jhopo Formation, both of the Itapucumí Group (Ediacaran), arranged in fold isoclinal with inverted flank (Vallemí Folding Belt). Due to the lithological diversity and tectonic complexity, the study required detailed geological mapping (scale 1: 2000), with sample collection and concomitant chemical analysis, in the industrial quality laboratory, and updating the topography and 3D modeling. Nine lithotypes were individualized: 1) Litotipo Misto (Itá jopara); 2) Litotipo Ritmito Verde (Itá hovy?); 3) Litotipo Ritmito Vermelho (Itá pytã); 4) Litotipo Calcário Cinza (Itá hungy); 5) Litotipo Calcrete (Itá manduvi sa\'yju); 6) Litotipo Dolomito (Itá pytãngy); 7) Litotipo Arenito Vermelho (Itá atã pytã); 8) Litotipo Lamprofiro (Itá h?); 9) Litotipo Vulcânica Básica (Itá kui sa\'yju), the first five suitable for manufacturing cement. Litotipo Dolomito is applicable if used in mixtures. The others lithotype are sterile materials. Six different mixtures of lithotypes were carried out, besides the one normally used in industry, used as reference, with evaluation of the burnability index (IQ) in the laboratories of the Assocciação Brasileira de Cimento Portland (ABCP). Flours D1, D3 and D4 were classified as easy to burn, and the others, D2, D5b and D6b, with normal burning. It is possible to say that all of them have a comparable burnability index compatible with the standards required for Portland cement production, the best mixture was obtained with the raw mixture D4 (composed by Litotipo Ritmito Vermelho 83,07%, Litotipo Ritmito Verde 14,45% and iron ore 1,48%) and the D5b (composed by Litotipo Calcrete 50,17%, Litotipo Misto 48,32% and iron ore 1,52%) appear as the worst, which were corroborated in the quantification of clinker phases.
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5

Magrla, Radek. "Modifikace vlastností portlandských cementů orientovaná na snížení emisí CO2." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225907.

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This thesis aims to burn raw material with a lower content of carbonate component for the production of Portland cement. Substitution of carbonate component is done by fluidized fly ash. The model cements are tested of basic technological properties and the hydration process is observed.
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6

Gobbo, Luciano de Andrade. "Aplicação da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld no estudo de Cimento Portland." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44137/tde-23072009-144653/.

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O projeto desenvolvido enfocou a aplicação da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld (DRX-Rietveld) na caracterização e quantificação do Cimento Portland, constituindo-se em contribuição pioneira sobre o tema em âmbito nacional. Foram estudadas amostras de pozolanas naturais e artificiais, subprodutos industriais de grande disponibilidade na indústria nacional, tais como escórias de alto-forno provenientes das siderúrgicas e cinzas volantes das termelétricas. Adicionalmente, foram estudadas amostras dos componentes utilizados para composição de cimentos laboratoriais, tais como clínqueres, calcários e fosfogesso, e por fim, cimento Portland com adições, preparados em laboratório. Também foram realizados ensaios para acompanhamento da hidratação do cimento Portland com uso da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld. O cimento Portland é o material composto de clínquer, gesso e eventuais adições, tais como calcário, pozolanas e escórias. O clínquer de cimento Portland é o material sinterizado e peletizado, resultante da calcinação de uma mistura adequada de calcário e argila e, eventualmente, de componentes corretivos. O método de Rietveld, foi introduzido por Hugo Rietveld em 1969, tendo em base a simulação de todo o perfil difratométrico a partir de parâmetros estruturais das fases constituintes, permitindo refinar parâmetros de natureza instrumental e cristalográfica. A comparação do difratograma calculado com o observado e redução das diferenças através do método de mínimos quadrados permitem a obtenção de resultados quantitativos. Para desenvolvimento do projeto foram utilizadas técnicas analíticas tradicionais como apoio à difração de raios-X, tais como a microscopia óptica de luz transmitida, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV-EDS), fluorescência de raios-X (FRX) e o calorímetro de condução. DRX-Rietveld apresentou-se como uma técnica de quantificação de elevada reprodutibilidade com vantagens de cunho técnico e logístico. As condições instrumentais e de coleta de difratogramas foram avaliadas, onde se verificou que a condição adequada para a obtenção de resultados de proporções de fases coerentes e em tempo reduzido pode ser obtida com coletas realizadas em 20s/passo, levando desta forma 10 minutos para sua realização, quando considerado o uso de detetores sensíveis a posição. Fendas divergentes automáticas e fixas testadas apresentaram resultados muito similares, validando a técnica nas diferentes condições. A redução no tempo de análise constitui um fator importante da técnica visando atender os interesses da indústria do cimento. A técnica estudada se mostrou adequada para a quantificação de componentes do cimento Portland tais como o calcário, materiais pozolânicos e escórias de alto-forno, e principalmente cimentos com estas adições. Com DRX-Rietveld foi possível avaliar as proporções das fases do clínquer, calcário e gipsita, e com a utilização de um padrão interno, a técnica possibilitou a quantificação de compostos com fase amorfa, o que é de grande importância para a correlação com as propriedades físico-mecânicas destes materiais. Resultados das proporções de calcário na quantificação dos cimentos apresentaram elevada correlação com as proporções dosadas em sua composição (R2=0,96-0,99), o que também foi observado com relação às proporções de fosfogesso dosadas (R2=0,99-1,0). Boas correlações também foram obtidas entre as proporções de cinzas volante e escória adicionadas nas amostras e os valores obtidos por DRX-Rietveld (R2=0,97-0,99 para cinza volante; R2=0,97 para escória). Ensaios DRX aplicados à uma pasta de cimento Portland mostraram-se adequados para o estudo quantitativo de cimentos hidratados e também para o acompanhamento das reações de hidratação. A técnica possibilitou a quantificação dos compostos hidratados como etringita, portlandita e C-S-H, o que foi aferido através de ensaios para determinação de calor de hidratação, mostrando resultados de refinamento confiáveis.<br>The project has focused on the application of X-ray diffraction and Rietveld method (XRD-Rietveld) on the characterization and quantification of Portland cement, and represents a pioneer scientific contribution on the theme in Brazil. Natural and artificial pozzolans, and also industrial byproducts that are highly available in the Brazilian industry were studied, as the blast furnace slags from steel works and fly ash from power stations. Furthermore components of laboratorial cements were studied, as clinker, limestone, gypsum, and finally the Portland cement with additions, prepared in laboratory. Hydration studies to follow the reactions in a cement paste were also performed using XRD-Rietveld. The Portland cement is composed by clinker, gypsum and fillers, as limestone, pozzolan and slags. Portland cement clinker is the sintered and pelletized product from calcination of an adequate mix of limestone and clay and minor corrective materials. The Rietveld method was introduced by Hugo Rietveld in 1969 and is based on the simulation of the whole diffraction spectrum from the components structural data, allowing for refining instrumental and crystallographic parameters. Quantitative values are obtained by comparing the calculated and actual diffractograms and minimizing differences mathematically through a least squares method. To develop the project several analytical traditional techniques were used with XRD: optical microscopy, electronic microscopic (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and calorimeter. XRD-Rietveld presented as a high reproducibility technique with technical and logistics advantages. The evaluation of the instrumental conditions showed that to obtain a good quantitative result in reduced time were with a scan with 20s/step, a 10 minutes scan, possible with position sensitive detectors. Automatic (ADS) and fixed divergent slits (FDS) were tested, validating the technique in both conditions. The reduction in the time of analysis is very important to follow the cement industry interests on quality control. The technique was considered adequate to be applied on the quantification of Portland cement components such as limestone, pozzolanic materials and blast-furnace slags. With XRD-Rietveld, was possible to evaluate the clinker phases, limestone and gypsum, and using an internal standard, the technique lead to the quantification of compounds with amorphous phases, that is very important to correlate with the physic- mechanical properties of these materials. Results of limestone proportions in the quantification of cements presents a high correlation with the proportions added in the cement composition (R2=0,96-0,99), what was also observed in the case of gypsum added (R2=0,99-1,0). Good correlations were also obtained between the fly ash and slags proportions in the samples and XRD-Rietveld obtained values (R2=0,97-0,99 to fly ash; R2=0,97 to slag). XRD experiments applied to Portland cement paste were adequate to the quantitative analysis of hydrated cements and also to follow the hydration reactions. The technique permitted the quantification of hydration compounds such as ettringite, portlandite and C-S-H, that was confirmed using the calorimeter, showing good refinement results.
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7

Girod-Labianca, Caroline. "Modélisation thermodynamique des diagrammes de phases des clinkers de ciments Portland : étude de l'influence des éléments mineurs : cas du phosphore." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066158.

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Le clinker, roche synthétique polyphasée, est le constituant principal des ciments Portland. Le silicate tricalcique (C3S) est la phase majoritaire du clinker anhydre et confère l’essentiel des résistances mécaniques du matériau hydraté (béton, mortier). Actuellement, les cimentiers brûlent dans leurs fours des farines animales détruites par les très hautes températures des fours. Toutefois, ces déchets introduisent du phosphore sous forme de cendres qui s’incorporent au clinker en cours de fabrication. Pour comprendre l’effet du phosphore sur les différents états chimiques du matériau, nous avons réalisé des échantillons de C3S dopés avec du P2O5 (0 à 0,9% en poids). L’étude de la structure et la microstructure de ces échantillons anhydres à montré la présence d’une phase supplémentaire de type α’-C2S enrichie en phosphore et localisée aux interfaces des grains de C3S dopés. L’hydratation de ces échantillons, suivie par microcalorimétrie, a monté un effet retardateur du phosphore sur la prise du C3S. Enfin, des essais de résistance mécanique à la compression réalisés sur des éprouvettes de mortier élaborées avec nos échantillons, ont montré que le dopage en phosphore semblait améliorer la résistance en compression du C3S. L’étude thermodynamique vise à comprendre ce qui se passe dans le four lors de la fabrication du clinker. Pour cela, nous avons développé une base de données spécifique aux phases des ciments à partir d’un bilan bibliographique des fonctions thermodynamiques utilisables pour les phases des diagrammes fondamentaux des cimentiers. Ensuite, avec le logiciel Thermo-CALC, nous avons calculé les trois diagrammes de phases pseudo-binaires Al2O3-CaO, Al2O3-SiO2, CaO-SiO2 et le diagramme de phases pseudo-ternaire Al2O3-CaO-SiO2. La comparaison des diagrammes calculés et expérimentaux nous ont permis de montrer la validité de notre base de données dans les domaines de température et de composition de la clinkérisation
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8

Esnault, Vivien. "Compréhension et modélisation du comportement du clinker de ciment lors du broyage par compression." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1027/document.

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On appelle clinker le matériau obtenu par cuisson de calcaire et d'argile et qui constitue le principal ingrédient du ciment Portland, composant essentiel de la majorité des bétons produits dans le monde. Ce clinker doit être finement broyé avant de pouvoir présenter une réactivité suffisante. La maîtrise des procédés de broyage représente un enjeu considérable pour l'industrie cimentière : il s'agit du premier poste en termes de consommation électrique d'une usine, en partie du fait de l'inefficacité des procédés employés. Les techniques de broyage par compression, apparues au cours des années 80, ont constitué un progrès majeur du point de vue de l'efficacité énergétique, mais la généralisation de leur utilisation a été freinée par des problèmes de maîtrise du procédé, en particulier pour des finesses importantes. L'enjeu de cette thèse est une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes en jeu lors du broyage par compression du clinker, en vue d'un meilleur contrôle des installations industrielles lors de la fabrication de produits fins. Nous nous sommes intéressés en particulier au comportement, du point de vue fondamental, d'un matériau granulaire subissant une fragmentation de ses grains, en nous appuyant sur la simulation numérique d'un Volume Elémentaire Représentatif de matière par les éléments discrets (DEM). Nous avons aussi recherché une loi de comportement permettant de relier contraintes, déformation, et évolution de la taille des particules pour le matériau broyé, en nous appuyant à la fois sur la micromécanique et les techniques d'homogénéisation, et un modèle semi-empirique de bilans de masses. Enfin, un premier pas vers la modélisation du procédé industriel et notamment sa simulation par éléments finis a été esquissé, afin de résorber les difficultés rencontrées en pratique par les industriels<br>Noindent Clinker is the material obtained by calcination of a mix of clay and limestone, and it is the main component of Portland cement, a crucial ingredient for the majority of concrete used around the world. This clinker must be finely ground to have a sufficient reactivity. Mastering the grinding process is a key issue in the cement industry: it is the first source of expense in terms of electric consumption in a factory, partially because of the overall inefficiency of the process. Compressive grinding techniques, first appeared during the 80's, allow major improvements in terms of energy efficiency, but the general implementation is yet to come, hindered by process control issues, especially for high fineness. The goal of this study is a better understanding of phenomenons occurring during compressive grinding of clinker, in order to provide better process control for industrial installations when dealing with fine products. We particularly choose to study the behaviour, on a fundamental point of view, of a granular material subjected to grain fragmentation, using the numerical simulation of an Elementary Representative Volume of material through Discrete Element Method (DEM). We also looked for a behaviour law able to provide a link between stress, strain, and grain size evolution for the ground material, using at the same time micromechanics and homogenization technique, and a semi-empirical mass balance model. Finally, we made first efforts in the direction of modelling the whole process through numerical simulation by Finite Element Method (FEM), in order to tackle the issue met by the industrials in operations
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9

Spurný, Marek. "Účinnost přídavků mletí používaných při výrobě Portlandských cementů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401836.

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This work deals kinetics of grinding Portland cement clinker which is influenced by addition of grinding inlays surfactants. In an experiment, attritor-type stirred mill was used and surface active grinding additives such as polyethylenglykol (PEG), triethylamin (TEA) and acetate of ammonium were utilized. Granulometric distribution graph obtained from laser diffraction analysis provides data for plotting development diagrams for milling process.
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10

Mončeková, Miroslava. "Možnosti redukce šestimocného chromu při hydrataci portlandského cementu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216811.

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The issue of Hexavalent chromium toxicity to Portland cement hydration is a very actual these days. It takes much effort to obtain a cement containing Cr(VI) less than 2 ppm. The primary objective of this diploma theses is to find appropriate reducing substances and specify their efficiency, as well as to make an attempt to optimize their dosage. As reducing substances there were plumbed sulphites and tin(II) salts. The influence of reducing substances applied to the hydration and cement properties were validated by strenght tests, the calorimetric measurement and the volume-variation measurement. And also the changes in hydration products microstructure of Portland clinker after the gypsum replacement by sulphite ions were plumbed. The study of microstructure is based on SEM and XRD methods.
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Books on the topic "Clinker Portland"

1

Campbell, Donald H. Microscopical examination and interpretation of portland cement and clinker. Construction Technology Laboratories, 1986.

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United States International Trade Commission. Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Mexico: Determination of the commission in investigation no. 731-TA-451 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1990.

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United States International Trade Commission. Gray Portland cement and cement clinker from Mexico: Determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-451 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1990.

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4

Jim, McClure, ed. Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Mexico: Determination of the commission in investigation no. 731-TA-451 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1989.

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United States International Trade Commission. Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Japan: Determination of the commission in investigation no. 731-TA-461 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1990.

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United States International Trade Commission. Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Venezuela: Determination of the Commission in investigation no. 303-TA-21 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation : determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-519 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1991.

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United States International Trade Commission. Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Venezuela: Determination of the Commission in investigation no. 303-TA-21 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation : determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-519 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1991.

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Rickert, Jörg. Zum Einfluss von Langzeitverzögerern auf der Basis von Phosphonsäure auf die Hydratation einzelner Klinkerphasen, Portlandzementklinker und Portlandzemente. Bau + Technik, 2004.

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9

United States International Trade Commission. Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Mexico: Determination of the commission in investigation no. 731-TA-451 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1989.

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10

Campbell, Donald H., and D. Whiting. Microscopical Examination & Interpretation of Portland Cement & Clinker. 2nd ed. Portland Cement Association, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clinker Portland"

1

Kurdowski, Wieslaw. "Portland Cement Clinker." In Cement and Concrete Chemistry. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7945-7_2.

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Zhutovsky, Semion, and Andrei Shishkin. "Recovering of Clinker Minerals from Hydrated Portland Cement Paste." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76543-9_7.

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Konovalov, V., A. Fedorov, and A. Goncharov. "Use of Slags in the Production of Portland Cement Clinker." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22974-0_79.

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Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana, Mirjana Djurić, Branislav Živanović, Miroslav Komljenović, and Snežana Omić. "Prognosis of The Mineralogical Composition of Sintered Portland Cement Clinker." In Advanced Science and Technology of Sintering. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8666-5_43.

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Valencia, Daniel Esteban Jiménez, and Oscar Jaime Restrepo Baena. "Portland Cement Clinker Formation: High Temperature Equilibria and Phase Composition Prediction." In TMS2015 Supplemental Proceedings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093466.ch107.

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Valencia, Daniel Esteban Jiménez, and Oscar Jaime Restrepo Baena. "Portland Cement Clinker Formation: High Temperature Equilibria and Phase Composition Prediction." In TMS 2015 144th Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48127-2_107.

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Mishin, D., and S. Kovalyov. "Influence of Sodium Oxide on Brightness Coefficient of Portland Cement Clinker." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22974-0_85.

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Kovalev, S. V., and D. A. Mishin. "Color Control of Portland Cement Clinker by Separate Input of Mineralizers." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68984-1_4.

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Perez, A., A. Favier, F. Martirena, and K. Scrivener. "Influence of the Manufacturing Process on the Performance of Low Clinker, Calcined Clay-Limestone Portland Cement." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9939-3_35.

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Hassaan, M. Y., S. M. Salem, and F. M. Ebrahim. "Follow up of the glassy phase formation as silicon oxide was added to Brownmillerite phase of Portland cement clinker." In ICAME 2007. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78697-9_174.

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Conference papers on the topic "Clinker Portland"

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Taylor, H. F. W. "Sulfates in Portland clinker and cement." In International RILEM Workshop on Internal Sulfate Attack and Delayed Ettringite Formation. RILEM Publications SARL, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143802.001.

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Herfort, D. "Distribution of sulfates in Portland cement clinker." In International RILEM Workshop on Internal Sulfate Attack and Delayed Ettringite Formation. RILEM Publications SARL, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143802.002.

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Paceagiu, Jenica, Florin Amzica, Teofil Chendrean, et al. "EFFECT OF NaF AND SnO[sub 2] ON PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER FABRICATION." In IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2989025.

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Mariano, Daniel Joseph, Jose Bienvenido Manuel M. Biona, and Jeremias A. Gonzaga. "Life cycle assessment of rice hull — Coal co-firing for portland cement clinker production." In 2014 International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hnicem.2014.7016251.

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Reports on the topic "Clinker Portland"

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Stutzman, Paul, and Alan Heckert. Certification of standard reference material SRM2687a, Portland cement clinker. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-195.

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Stutzman, Paul, Laura Mundy, and Alan Heckert. Certification of Standard Reference Material® 2686b Portland Cement Clinker. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-204.

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Stutzman, Paul E., and Leslie Struble. Instructions in Using GSAS Rietveld Software for Quantitative X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Portland Clinker and Cement. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1884.

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Stutzman, Paul E. X-ray powder diffraction analysis of three portland cement reference material clinkers. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4785.

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