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Journal articles on the topic 'Clog'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Zavala, Sarah, Ashley Wang, Cheryl W. Zhang, Jennifer M. Larson, and Yuk Ming Liu. "26 Clogged Feeding Tubes: Why Does It Matter?" Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (2021): S22—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.031.

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Abstract Introduction Many patients treated on a burn unit require tube feeding as their primary caloric source or as supplemental feeding due to their injuries. Burn patients specifically require higher caloric intake due to the hypermetabolic state of burn injuries. Inadequate nutritional support contributes to longer ICU stays and higher mortality. Clogged feeding tubes reduce nutrition provided due to temporary discontinuation of feeding. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the incidence of tube clogging. Methods This was a single-center retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to an American Burn Association-verified Burn Unit between August 2017 and October 2019 who received tube feeds during their admission. Data collected included baseline demographics, clinical outcomes, and details about tube feed formulations, number of clogs, and details leading up to the clog. Baseline demographics were compared using descriptive statistics. Nominal data was compared using Chi-square test. Continuous data was analyzed using student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results A total of 170 patients were included; admission diagnoses included burn (97), soft tissue infections (29), SJS/TEN (11), and others (33). At least one clogged feeding tube was experienced by 51 patients and some experienced up to seven separate clogs. SJS/TEN patients were less likely to experience a clog (9.2 vs 0%, p = 0.035) and frostbite patients were more likely to experience a clog (0 vs 5.9%, p = 0.026). Burn mechanism did not affect incidence of tube feed clog, but patients with larger total body surface area (TBSA) burned were more likely to have a clog (15.55 vs 25.03%, p = 0.004). It was a median of 12 days until the first clog occurred (IQR 7.8–17.3). Two tube feed formulas demonstrated an increased likelihood of clog: a renal formulation (16.8 vs 33.3%, p = 0.017) and a polymeric concentrated product (5.0 vs 17.6%, p = 0.008). Both products have a high viscosity. Patients who experienced a clog had a longer length of stay (21.5 vs 44.0 days, p = 0.001). Conclusions This study identified several risk factors associated with higher incidence of clogged feeding tube in the burn unit including tube feed formulation and viscosity, admission diagnosis, and larger TBSA in burn patients. This study also confirms that clogged feeding tubes, and the resultant insufficient nutritional support, may contribute to an increased length of stay.

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Mokrane, Mohand Larbi, Térence Desclaux, Jeffrey F. Morris, Pierre Joseph, and Olivier Liot. "Microstructure of the near-wall layer of filtration-induced colloidal assembly." Soft Matter 16, no. 42 (2020): 9726–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01143f.

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A colloidal suspension clogs model pores. Microstructure of the near-wall layer of colloids is studied. That reveals a transition inside the clog from amorphous to crystalline organisation. It can be related to a competition between drag forces and electrostatic repulsion.

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Aibhistín, Ciarán Mac. "Clog na Gréine." Comhar 65, no. 5 (2005): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25575181.

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Ornstein, Norman, and Thomas Donilon. "The Confirmation Clog." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 6 (2000): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20049969.

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Paz, Cahuê Francisco Rosa, Túlio Luiz Banja Fernandes, Leopoldo Augusto Paolucci, et al. "Stride kinematic changes in laminitic horses treated with three different types of hoof orthopedic devices." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6Supl3 (2019): 3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3755.

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Considering the hypothesis that laminitic horses display changes in the kinematics of their forelimbs and clog type orthopedic devices can be beneficial in such cases, the objectives of this study were to compare the stride pattern of healthy horses versus that of horses with chronic laminitis and to assess the kinematic effects of three types of clog shoes on the stride of laminitic horses. Six healthy and six laminitic mares were subjected to a kinematic evaluation at a walk. The horses with laminitis were evaluated before and after the use of three different models of clog type orthopedic shoes on the hooves of both their forelimbs. The treatment types that were administered were the application of no shoes, wooden shoes, leather and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) shoes, and wooden and EVA shoes. The horses with laminitis have a stride length that is reduced by 11% (P = 0.03), and in the swing phase, by 18% (P = 0.004), and the relative stance phase of each limb is prolonged by 6% (P = 0.02) when compared with the healthy group. However, values associated with the stride duration, stance phase duration, breakover duration, speed, and frequency were not significantly different among the laminitic groups. Further, no statistical differences were found in the comparison of the outcomes among the treatments administered to the horses with laminitis, except in their stride length, which was longer in the horses shod with wooden clogs when compared with in the unshod laminitic horses (P = 0.04). It was concluded that horses with stable chronic laminitis display changes in the kinematics of their forelimbs while walking. Immediate and remarkable beneficial effects were not observed with the use of all the types of orthoses; however, the wooden clog resulted in a significant improvement in the length of the stride. Further studies are needed to verify the prolonged effects of clog shoe-type ortheses in the different phases of equine laminitis.

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Dickson, Iain. "NETs clog pancreatic ducts." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 13, no. 5 (2016): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.57.

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Aoun, Rita, Zaneta Ogunmola, Anaïs Musso, Takashi Taguchi, Catherine Takawira, and Mandi J. Lopez. "Shoe configuration effects on equine forelimb gait kinetics at a walk." PeerJ 13 (February 26, 2025): e18940. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18940.

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The shift in vertical forces on the equine hoof surface by heart-bar, egg-bar, and wooden clog shoes can significantly impact gait kinetics. Hypotheses tested in this study were that vertical, braking, and propulsion peak force (PF) and impulse (IMP) are different while shod with heart-bar, egg-bar, open-heel, and wooden clog shoes, or while unshod, and the resultant ground reaction force vector (GRFYZ) has the longest duration of cranial angulation with open-heel shoes followed by unshod, then egg-bar and heart-bar shoes, and the shortest with wooden clog shoes. Forelimb GRFs were recorded as six non-lame, light-breed horses walked across a force platform (four trials/side) while unshod or with egg-bar, heart-bar, open-heel, or wooden clog shoes. Outcomes included vertical, braking, and propulsive peak forces (PFV, PFB, PFP) and impulses (IMPV, IMPB, IMPP), percent stance time to each PF, braking to vertical PF ratio (PFB/PFV), walking speed (m s−1), total stance time (ST) and percent of stance in braking and propulsion. The magnitude and direction of the resultant GRFYZ vectors were quantified at 5% stance increments. Kinetic measures were compared among shoeing conditions with a mixed effects model (p-value < 0.05). A random forest classifier algorithm was used to predict shoeing condition from kinetic outcome measures. All results are reported as mean ± SEM. Trial speed, 1.51 ± 0.02 m s−1, was not different among shoeing conditions. The PFV was lower with wooden clog (6.13 ± 0.1 N kg−1) versus egg-bar (6.35 ± 0.1 N kg−1) shoes or unshod (6.32 ± 0.1 N kg−1); the PFP was higher with wooden clog (0.81 ± 0.03 N kg−1) versus open-heel (0.71 ± 0.03 N kg−1) or egg-bar (0.75 ± 0.03 N kg−1) shoes or unshod (0.74 ± 0.03 N kg−1), and lower with open-heel compared to heart-bar shoes (0.77 ± 0.03 N kg−1). Both IMP B and IMPV were higher with open-heel shoes (−0.19 ± 0.008 N s kg−1, 3.28 ± 0.09 N s kg−1) versus unshod (−0.17 ± 0.008 N s kg−1, 3.16 ± 0.09 N s kg−1), and IMPV was higher with wooden clog shoes (3.26 ± 0.09 N s kg−1) versus unshod. With wooden clog shoes, PFB/PFV (0.12 ± 0.004) was higher than unshod (0.11 ± 0.004). Percent time to peak PFV, PFB, and PFP, and percent braking time were highest and percent propulsion time lowest with wooden clog shoes. The magnitude of the GRFYZ vector with the wooden clog shoe was the highest among shoeing conditions during the first stance half, lowest during the second stance half, highest during late propulsion, and had the most gradual braking to propulsion transition. Vectors were angled cranially with wooden clog shoes slightly longer than the others. Wooden clog shoes was the only shoeing condition accurately predicted from kinetic measures. Distinct, predictable changes in gait kinetics with wooden clog shoes may reduce stresses on hoof structures. Study results enhance knowledge about shoe effects on equine gait kinetics and cutting-edge measures to quantify them.

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VanGulck, Jamie F., and R. Kerry Rowe. "Parameter estimation for modelling clogging of granular medium permeated with leachate." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 6 (2008): 812–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-013.

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A numerical model called BioClog is used to backcalculate biological activity rate constants using measured values of water quality and clog chemical characteristics from well-controlled laboratory column experiments that contained a granular-sized material permeated with synthetic and real leachates. BioClog is a multispecies, reactive chemical transport model capable of predicting clogging of a porous media caused by the accumulation of biofilms, chemical precipitates, and entrained particles. Monod kinetic constants for acetate- and butyrate-degrading bacteria were obtained through inverse modelling of granular-sized material permeated with synthetic leachate. The model predicted the changes in concentrations of volatile fatty acids and dissolved calcium and it predicted the changes in clog composition from a juvenile clog containing biofilm to a mature clog containing biofilm with mineral matter. The kinetic constants were then applied to predict spatial and temporal water quality and clog composition for a granular-sized material permeated with real leachate. The kinetic constants deduced through inverse modelling of the synthetic leachate column experiments provided reasonable predictions of the behaviour of the columns permeated with real leachate.

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Barati, H., M. Wu, A. Kharicha, and A. Ludiwg. "Transient simulation of melt flow, clogging, and clog fragmentation inside SEN during steel continuous casting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1281, no. 1 (2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012025.

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Abstract Clogging of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) during continuous casting of steel is an undesirable phenomenon leading to different problems like flow blockage, slag entrainment, nonuniform solidification, etc. A transient numerical model for nozzle clogging based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was developed and it covers the main steps of clogging: (a) formation of the first oxide layer by chemical reactions on the steel-refractory interface; (b) motion of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) due to the turbulent melt flow towards the SEN wall; (c) interactions between the melt, the NMI, and the wall; (d) formation and growth of the clog by the deposition of NMIs on the clog front and the flow-clog interactions; and (e) detachment/fragmentation of a part of clog due to the flow drag force. Clogging in an industrial scale SEN was simulated. The simulated clog front was compared with real as-clogged SENs. The modeling results have successfully explained the SEN clogging induced transient flow phenomenon in the mold region, i.e. the transition from the stable to an unstable and non-symmetrical flow.

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Sreenivasa, BC, and Bhanu Prakash GC. "Performance Analysis of Congestion Control Techniques ADTCP and Improved ADTCP for Improving TCP Performance over Ad-hoc Networks." Journal of Android and IOS Applications and Testing 4, no. 2 (2019): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3358384.

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<em>Recognizing the event of clog in a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a noteworthy undertaking. The inbuilt clog control systems of existing transmission control protocol (TCP) intended for wired systems don't deal with the interesting properties of shared remote multi-bounce interface. There are a few methodologies proposed for identifying and defeating the clog in the portable specially appointed system. The sender conduct is modified fittingly. The proposed strategy is likewise good with standard TCP</em>.

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Garczarek, Laurence, Ulysse Guyet, Hugo Doré, et al. "Cyanorak v2.1: a scalable information system dedicated to the visualization and expert curation of marine and brackish picocyanobacteria genomes." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (2020): D667—D676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa958.

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Abstract Cyanorak v2.1 (http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/cyanorak) is an information system dedicated to visualizing, comparing and curating the genomes of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and Cyanobium, the most abundant photosynthetic microorganisms on Earth. The database encompasses sequences from 97 genomes, covering most of the wide genetic diversity known so far within these groups, and which were split into 25,834 clusters of likely orthologous groups (CLOGs). The user interface gives access to genomic characteristics, accession numbers as well as an interactive map showing strain isolation sites. The main entry to the database is through search for a term (gene name, product, etc.), resulting in a list of CLOGs and individual genes. Each CLOG benefits from a rich functional annotation including EggNOG, EC/K numbers, GO terms, TIGR Roles, custom-designed Cyanorak Roles as well as several protein motif predictions. Cyanorak also displays a phyletic profile, indicating the genotype and pigment type for each CLOG, and a genome viewer (Jbrowse) to visualize additional data on each genome such as predicted operons, genomic islands or transcriptomic data, when available. This information system also includes a BLAST search tool, comparative genomic context as well as various data export options. Altogether, Cyanorak v2.1 constitutes an invaluable, scalable tool for comparative genomics of ecologically relevant marine microorganisms.

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Bian, Xiao Lin, and Jian Guo Liu. "Influence Factors in Clogging of Landfill Leachate Collection System." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.631.

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A common failure mode for landfills is clogging of the leachate collection system. Based on the studies of clogging about landfill leachate collection system, the influence factors about clog were comprehensively and systematically analyzed .The results show that calcium is the dominant mineral of the dry mass of clog material, and CaCO3 is the main component of the clog. The growth of biomass, minerals precipitation and deposition of suspend inorganic particles are the three major mechanisms for the clogging of LCSs. However, the clogging rate and extend of LCSs is affected by particle size of the granular media, pipe spacing and pipe diameter, filter-separator layer, mass loading, saturated or unsaturated conditions and temperature. These conclusions have profound guiding significance for the design and operation of landfill leachate collection system.

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Meyer, Helen. "E-mail attacks can clog systems." Computers & Security 16, no. 2 (1997): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(97)88300-9.

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Strzyz, Paulina. "Proteins clog neural stem cell activation." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 19, no. 6 (2018): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41580-018-0012-3.

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Nikolova-Kuscu, R., W. Powrie, and D. J. Smallman. "Mechanisms of clogging in granular drainage systems permeated with low organic strength leachate." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 6 (2013): 632–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0146.

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Leachate drains in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are susceptible to biological and (or) chemical clogging. This paper describes clogging of drainage aggregates permeated with leachates representative of those from landfills containing wastes with a low organic content — such as low-level radioactive waste repositories — which may occur as a result of microbiological activity causing formation of bacterial biofilms (microbiological clogging) and precipitation of low-solubility inorganic salts (chemical clogging). The balance between these depends on the leachate composition. Biological deposits appeared to reach a pseudo steady state, proportional to the nutrient loading, for the range of conditions investigated and as such can be considered to be self-limiting and the clog material reasonably permeable. Harder inorganic deposits of calcium carbonate occurred if the Ca2+ concentration in the leachate exceeded the local solubility limit under the prevailing conditions, i.e., partial pressures of CO2 between 3.7 and 6 kPa and pH of 6.7–6.8. CaCO3 clog was observed to bind the granular aggregates together and be effectively impermeable, and was, unlike a pure microbial clog, observed not to be self-limiting. Hard CaCO3 clog could be reduced by not co-disposing wastes that are high in calcium with wastes having a high organic content, and generally keeping the Ca2+ concentration in the leachate low.

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Ma, Zhi Yuan, Hua Yan, Xin Zhou, and Chen Hou. "Impact of Carbonate Scaling on the Efficiency of Used Geothermal Water Reinjection from Low-Middle Temperature Geothermal Fluid in Xianyang Porous Geothermal Field, NW China." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.307.

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In low-middle temperature porous geothermal field, precipitation of carbonate from solution to form carbonate scale is confirmed as the main obstacle to efficient reinjection from the used hot fluids in Xianyang city, NW China. The carbonate deposits cause operational problems and may even clog pipeline and reinjection drillholes. For this reason, it's important to understand how impact of carbonate precipitation on the second-hand geothermal water before reinjection has been operated, which concern sustainable utilization of the geothermal water in Xianyang, the famous porous geothermal field in China. In this paper, firstly, different possible minerals precipitation from used geothermal fluid were discussed, and carbonate scaling was regarded as mineral for chemical clog by using combined with lab and chemical simulation method. Secondly, the key impacts of carbonate scaling on clog in reinjection holes such as temperature, degassing, pH, mixing, mineralization were demonstrated based on coupled simulation both in lab experiment and theoretical method. Lastly, the distribution of carbonate scaling and its degree in study area were calculated. The results show that, as the main mineral for precipitation, carbonate exist in most thermal-water wells of study area with the minor or medium scaling, and the carbonate scaling vary increasingly from bottom to top in a single reinjection drillhole, north to south in the study area. According to mineral-dissolution-precipitation equilibrium calculation carbonate saturated tend growth with the temperature and pH increases in study area. The influence of mineralization on carbonate clog is different, common-ion effect in the south of study area is given priority, but in the north salt effect is showed main effect. The analysis for impacts on carbonate clog reflect that carbonate deposit effect are very complicated, which interact each other.

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Lauretti, Gabriela Rocha, Márcio Matsumoto, Anita Leocádia de Mattos, Vera Lanchote, and Newton Lindolfo Pereira. "The clinical and laboratorial evaluation of transdermal ketamine, fentanyl, clonidine or their combination in chronic low back pain." Coluna/Columna 8, no. 4 (2009): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-18512009000400016.

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OBJECTIVES: chronic low back pain may result in central sensitization, with involvement of different receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic action of transdermal (T) ketamine (a NMDA antagonist), clonidine (an α2-agonist), fentanyl (an opioid agonist), or their combination in chronic low back pain. METHODS: after the institutional approval and informed consent signature, 54 patients were prospectively randomized into 6 groups. Each patient had two of the T preparations applied in different arms. The effect of either T ketamine (1 mg/h), T clonidine (25 µg/h) or T fentanyl (25 µg/h), combined with T placebo (CloG, KetG and FenG); or the combination of T ketamine and clonidine (Ket-CloG), T fentanyl and ketamine (Fen-KetG), or T fentanyl and clonidine (Fen-CloG) was searched for pain and adverse effects. Pain was evaluated by: 1) VAS pain scores, and 2) noradrenaline plasma levels at 0-h (just prior to T application), 3- and 6-h after the T application of two medications, by HPLC. RESULTS: clinically, the pain VAS score at 6-h was smaller in comparison to the 0-h in all groups (p<0.02), and lower when compared to the Fen-CloG and Fen-KetG at the 6-h in relation to the administration of each correspondent T drug alone (p<0.05). The laboratorial data revealed that administration of T fentanyl alone (FenG) resulted in plasma noradrenaline decrease at 6-h (p<0.01), while the association of T fentanyl with clonidine resulted in plasma noradrenaline decrease at 3- and 6-h as compared to the others (p<0.01). The combination of both T ketamine and clonidine (Ket-CloG) did not result in a better analgesic profile and resulted in excessive sedation during the evaluation (p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: all the studied drugs resulted in clinical analgesia (VAS) at 6-h. However, T fentanyl analgesia was corroborated by lower plasma noradrenaline levels at 6-h when applied alone or at 3-h when combined with T clonidine.

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Raloff, J. "Low-Magnesium Diet May Clog Heart Arteries." Science News 137, no. 14 (1990): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3974493.

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Kriebs, Anna. "Free fatty acids clog up cytotoxic machinery." Nature Reviews Endocrinology 15, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-018-0134-x.

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Cooke, A. J., R. K. Rowe, and B. E. Rittmann. "Modelling species fate and porous media effects for landfill leachate flow." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 4 (2005): 1116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-039.

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A numerical, multiple-species, reactive transport model, coupled to models of kinetic biodegradation, precipitation, and particle attachment and detachment for predicting landfill leachate-induced clogging in porous media for one-dimensional flow systems, is described. The finite-element method is used for transport modelling, with reactions incorporated into point-source or sink terms. The species modelled include three volatile fatty acids, active and inert suspended biomass, dissolved calcium, and inorganic particles. The clog matter consists of active biofilm, inert biofilm, and inorganic solids. A biofilm model is used to simulate the growth and decay of active biomass and removal of substrate. Precipitate accumulation and calcium removal are simulated by a model of calcium carbonate precipitation. Interphase movement between clog matter and fluid includes the processes of attachment and detachment. A geometric representation of the porous media allows porosity and specific surface to be estimated from the thickness of the accumulated clog matter. The porosity of the media can thus change spatially and temporally. The behaviour of the model is demonstrated with a hypothetical example.Key words: clogging, landfills, leachate collection systems, modelling, biofilms, mineral precipitation.

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Cao, Dong Xing, Yi Tong Cao, Hui Li, Xiu Hong Wang, and Li Zhu Lei. "A Transdermal Miniature Syringe Design Based on Port Ontology for Drug Delivery." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 1464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.1464.

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In clinic practice, a strong appeal for painless transdermal injection is pursued, especially for patient drug delivery that cannot be administered orally. A new disposable painless syringe with MEMS technology is presented. The mode of micro needle array and a flexible PDMS container of hemisphere shape are given, and the behavior of the drug liquid flow through the needles is described based on port ontology to model miniature syringe and explains the phenomena of clog formation. The analysis and formulas have theoretically been derived, and the performances and the clog phenomena have been simulated. Therefore, micro needles inserted into the human skin can realize painless injection based on port ontology modeling.

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Chen, Chih-Chung, Yu-An Chen, Yi-Ju Liu, and Da-Jeng Yao. "A multilayer concentric filter device to diminish clogging for separation of particles and microalgae based on size." Lab Chip 14, no. 8 (2014): 1459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3lc51345a.

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Khurana, Raman, Feihu Yang, Rishu Khurana, Junqiu Liu, Ehud Keinan, and Ofer Reany. "semiaza-Bambusurils are anion-specific transmembrane transporters." Chemical Communications 58, no. 19 (2022): 3150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cc00144f.

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Suryadiningrat and Pardomuan Robinson Sihombing. "Komparasi Pemodelan Logit, Probit dan Clog-Log Pada Regresi Beta." Nusantara Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences 1, no. 4 (2022): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/202215.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pemodelan Indeks Ketimpangan Gender (IKG) menggunakan regresi beta dengan link function logit, probit dan clog-log. Adapun variabel independen yang digunakan adalah Indeks Pembangunan Gender (IPG) dan Indeks Pemberdayaan Gender (IDG). Data bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Ketiga pemodelan menberikan hasil yang sama baik untuk uji simultan dan parsial dalam pemodelan kasus pemodelan IKG. Model clog-log memberikan hasil terbaik dengan kriteria nilai error terkecil (AIC dan BIC) serta nilai koefisien determinasi terbesar. IPG berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap IKG sedangkan IDG belum berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap IKG. Berdasarkan hasil ini diharapkan para pemangku kebijakan dapat memberikan kebijakan yang komprehensif dan tepat sasaran dalam mengurangi ketimpangan gender di Indonesia

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Cooke, A. J., and R. Kerry Rowe. "2D modelling of clogging in landfill leachate collection systems." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 10 (2008): 1393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-062.

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A 2D model for predicting clogging of a landfill leachate collection system and subsequent leachate surface position (mounding) is described. A transient finite element fluid flow model is combined with a reactive, multiple-species finite element transport model. The transport model considers biological growth and biodegradation, precipitation, and particle attachment and detachment. It uses a geometrical relationship to establish porosity from the computed thickness of the accumulated clog matter and a relationship between the porosity and hydraulic conductivity of elements in the system. The model represents the flow path within the drainage layer in profile. An iterative method is used to solve for the new hydraulic heads, surface and internal nodal positions, and redistributed clog properties (clog quantity, porosity, hydraulic conductivity) for each element and for each time step. The porosity (and consequently hydraulic conductivity) of the media can therefore change spatially and temporally. The mesh is regenerated automatically each time step (including the addition or subtraction of nodes) taking into account allowable element aspect ratios, the interfaces between differing hydrostratigraphic layers, and static point sources and openings. An integrated alternate solution for very thin mounds is included. The application of the model is demonstrated using a hypothetical field case.

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Jin, Yingjie, Yui Sano, Miho Shogenji, and Tetsuyou Watanabe. "Fatigue Effect on Minimal Toe Clearance and Toe Activity during Walking." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239300.

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This study investigates the effects of fatigue on the process of walking in young adults using the developed clog-integrated sensor system. The developed sensor can simultaneously measure the forefoot activity (FA) and minimum toe clearance (MTC). The FA was evaluated through the change in the contact area captured by a camera using a method based on a light conductive plate. The MTC was derived from the distance between the bottom surface of the clog and ground obtained using a time of flight (TOF) sensor, and the clog posture was obtained using an acceleration sensor. The induced fatigue was achieved by walking on a treadmill at the fastest walking speed. We evaluated the FA and MTC before and after fatigue in both feet for 14 participants. The effects of fatigue manifested in either the FA or MTC of either foot when the results were evaluated by considering the participants individually, although individual variances in the effects of fatigue were observed. In the dominant foot, a significant increase in either the FA or MTC was observed in 13 of the 14 participants. The mean MTC in the dominant foot increased significantly (p = 0.038) when the results were evaluated by considering the participants as a group.

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., Buhri Arifin, Duduku Krishniah ., Mariani Rajin ., and Almuhaymin Abdul Had . "Formulation of Clog Removal by Using Mixture Design." Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 15 (2007): 2108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.2108.2110.

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Beattie, William, Xi Qin, Lin Wang, and Hongshen Ma. "Clog-free cell filtration using resettable cell traps." Lab Chip 14, no. 15 (2014): 2657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00306c.

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A microfluidic cell separation mechanism created using constrictions with adjustable size that can selectively capture and release cells, thereby enabling high throughput size and deformability based cell separation without clogging.

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Kamel, M. H., and I. A. Kholeif. "The formation of a clog in a pipeline." Energy Conversion and Management 34, no. 3 (1993): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(93)90139-2.

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Schultz, Colin. "Migrating quake swarm may indicate magma conduit clog." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 95, no. 11 (2014): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014eo110008.

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Khan, Zishan Raza, and Syed Aqeel Ahmad. "Clog-Resistant Permeable Pavement: Methods of Performance Measurement." Current World Environment 18, no. 2 (2023): 524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.09.

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Permeable pavements are considered to be one of the effective measures for LID (i.e. Low Impact Development) and SUDS (i.e. Sustainable Urban Drainage System) globally. The major three types of permeable pavements are (a) pervious concrete (PC), (b) previous asphalt (PA), and (c) permeable interlocked concrete paver (PICP). The performance of all types of permeable is satisfactory at the start of the service life but greatly reduced if not maintained on time. Considering the long lengths of the pavements, measurement of permeability at different locations is a cumbersome and tedious task. Therefore, ease of performance and realistic results are of vital importance. In this study, ASTM C1701/C1701M—17a single ring infiltrometer, Stormwater Infiltration Field Test (SWIFT), and NCAT permeameter Methods are discussed in detail and examined for their relative ease of setting-up, versatility and performance. It is concluded that ASTM C1701/C1701M—17a single ring infiltrometer is the most versatile, easy to set up and produces accurate results.

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Harun, Indra Kusuma Yulizan Rizki. "Analysis of Comfortable Clog Size for Adult Men." International Journal of Education, Information Technology and Others 7, no. 1 (2024): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10461875.

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Take in water at the mosque, wudhu often clogs is useful to protect the footwear, to keep in touch directly with the surface. Unfortunately while using clogs has not based on the size of a man, In this study we take the size of an adult male feet. take size anthropology human foot. Among other sections leg length, foot width, the distance between the heel of the foot is wide, wide heel, foot circumference (widest size), circumference of the shell. Then practice process data to obtain an average, standard deviation, percentiles 0.05 0.50 0.95. Then Practice provide percentile. Percentile is information that gives the average size in each range, percentiles 0.05 gives small size, 0.50 percentile provide medium and 0.95 percentiles provide large size. appropriate that clogs that are used to reach all adult male foot size and comfortable during use. Among them is the use of percentiles 0.95 feet long, wide leg using the percentile 0.95, the distance between the heel with 0.50 feet wide, the width of the heel, foot circumference (widest size) using 0.05 percentile, using the shell circumference 0.50 percentile. Our last repeated desing the form of clogs according to size percentile which has on set.

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Duchêne, Charles, Vasco Filipe, Sylvain Huille, and Anke Lindner. "Clogging of microfluidic constrictions by monoclonal antibody aggregates: role of aggregate shape and deformability." Soft Matter 16, no. 4 (2020): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01583c.

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Using a microfluidic model system, we demonstrate that aggregates formed in solutions of monoclonal antibodies geometrically clog constrictions and that unclogging can be obtained by increasing the applied pressure through aggregate deformability.

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C., George Christopher, and Vidhya J. "Unauthorized Vehicle Parking Detection and Auto-Locking using an Arduino and a Relay." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 2 (2019): 668–73. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B2998.129219.

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As the populace expands step by step, the quantity of vehicles are additionally expanding and this prompts numerous mishaps and traffic clogs. In this bustling world, individuals consistently use to leave vehicles at confined or no parking zones. At the point when a vehicle has been left at no parking territory, the street gets smaller and cause traffic clog. Enormous number of traffic police are sent to check the unlawful stopping and fine the proprietors with the goal that they would not stop again in no stopping zone, yet it is anything but a successful arrangement. In this manner, different advancements have been utilized for the identification of vehicles that are left at no leaving zone. In this proposed framework, vehicles which are parked at restricted area is being detected and locked using a relay.

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Avers, Fredric H. "Minimizing Vibration in Vertical Non-Clog Wastewater Centrifugal Pumps." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 16 (2009): 1440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793956185.

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Dantzker, Jami Milton. "Choice and Uncertainty Clog the Bottleneck of Central Processing." PLoS Biology 4, no. 7 (2006): e244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040244.

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Zhong, Ming, and Hui Sun. "A Genetic Clog in the Vitamin A Transport Machinery." Cell 161, no. 3 (2015): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.020.

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Hua, Chengjian, Min Wang, Dieter Senk, et al. "Cone Clogging of Submerged Entry Nozzle in Rare Earth Treated Ultra-Low Carbon Al-Killed Steel and Its Effect on the Flow Field and Vortex in the Mold." Metals 11, no. 4 (2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040662.

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Two submerged entry nozzles (SENs) used for casting 1300 tons and 260 tons of Al-killed steel were dissected. Several parameters including block rate, nozzle clog angle, port width, and port height of the clogged nozzle were introduced to describe the geometry of clogs in the SENs based on the dissection; furthermore, a geometry model was established to describe the characteristics of the nozzle clogging of the SENs. A large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled with the volume of fraction (VOF) method was adopted to simulate the steel–slag interface’s interaction behavior. The vortex visualization and rotation magnitude were characterized by the Liutex method. Quantitatively, the influence of nozzle clogging resulted in block rates of 0% to 45.9% on the flow and vortex distribution in the mold, and the characteristics of the steel–slag interface fluctuation were well verified in the industrial experiment.

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esh, Rishik, Ru pasri, Tamil selvan, Yogana rasimman, and Saran Sujai. "Intrusion of Attacks in Puppet and Zombie Attacking and Defence Model Using BW-DDOS." International Academic Journal of Innovative Research 9, no. 1 (2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajir/v9i1/iajir0903.

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The Internet is helpless against data transmission disseminated refusal of administration (BW-DDoS) assaults, wherein many hosts send countless parcels to cause clog and disturb authentic traffic. While adding a protection part against ill-disposed assaults, it is vital to convey different guard strategies paired to accomplish a decent inclusion of different assaults, BW-DDoS assaults have utilized generally rough, wasteful, beast force components; future assaults may be essentially more compelling and destructive. To meet the rising dangers, further developed guards are necessary. Distributed refusal of administration (DDoS) and adversarial assaults represent a genuine danger to the Internet. We examine the Internets vulnerability to Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service (BW-DDoS) assaults, where many hosts send an immense number of bundles surpassing organization limits and causing clogs and misfortunes, along these lines disturbing genuine traffic. TCP and different conventions utilize clog control instruments that answer misfortunes and postponements by diminishing network usage, henceforth, their presentation might be debased pointedly because of such assaults. Aggressors might disturb connectivity to servers, organizations, independent frameworks, or entire nations or areas; such go after were at that point sent off in several conflicts. In this paper, we overview BW-DDoS assaults and safeguards. We contend that up until this point, BW-DDoS utilized relatively crude, wasteful, animal power systems; future assaults might be altogether more compelling, and thus much more destructive. We examine as of now sent and proposed protections. We contend that to meet the expanding threats, more progressed guards ought to be conveyed. This might include a few proposed systems (not yet conveyed), as well as new methodologies. This article is an outline and will be exceptionally compelling to per users who need to learn about data transmission DDoS assaults and guards.

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Samarathunga, Wasantha, Yuji Kurimoto, and Risindu Ransen. "Developing A Cylinder Pump with Self-Cleaning Anti-Clog Pulse Flow, Finding Optimum Purity for Anti-Clog Pulse Based On Mosquito Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 6, no. 2 (2025): 915–18. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2025.6.2.915-918.

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This paper describes the expansion of a silent wastewater suction cylinder pump that can handle highly viscous wastewater of varying density over time as an environmental engineering solution. This cylinder pump is a scaled-up full-fledged version of a low-noise, fully dry-running cylinder pump originally developed for indoor use. When clogging is detected or has been programed to run periodically, an anti-clog self-cleaning pulse flow is sent to clean the suction inlet. This contributes to lower maintenance costs and longer pump life. When the inlet is properly submerged, the pump operates in the same manner, but a separate check valve and piping allows the flow to operate in the reverse direction for a short time to clean the inlet filter. If additional clean water is not available, the previously pumped low-concentration liquid can be reused after an appropriate settling period. In this case it can be considered that self-cleaning pulse use wastewater debris is settled unevenly. Further assume that inlet for self-cleaning should be moved with minimum possible angle as it is placed in wastewater. Another factor is movable at minimum possible height due to high viscosity. Now with two minimizing factors this objective can be considered as minimizing problem of two-dimensional optimization. Since this is a two-dimensional optimization problem of finding minimum values of both dimensions a particle swarm optimization method of mosquito swarm optimization is considered here as the candidate and simulations were performed. Simulation results show a fast convergence proving the feasibility for further research to obtain cleaner pulse flow. Applying cleaner pulses contributes to lower maintenance costs and longer pump life.

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Cooke, Andrew J., and R. Kerry Rowe. "Modelling landfill leachate-induced clogging of field-scale test cells (mesocosms)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 11 (2008): 1497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-076.

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A two-dimensional fluid flow and reactive transport model, BioClog, created to predict clogging in landfill leachate collection systems is used to calculate the clogging of gravel and treatment of leachate as it flows through the gravel in two real-scale experimental cells, called mesocosms, which represent the portion of a landfill drainage layer adjacent to a landfill collection pipe. These tests were conducted using real-time flows of landfill leachate and were run for about 6 and 12 years. The model computes spatial and temporal changes in clog quantity and composition. An empirical relationship predicts changes in hydraulic conductivity, and a variable mesh technique allows the surface to be free and dependent on calculated hydraulic heads. Calculated porosity change, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), and calcium concentrations, along with porosity and clog film thickness at termination are compared with the observed values and found to be in reasonable agreement given the variability and uncertainties associated with these processes.

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Sanusi, B. A., Z. T. Adeyemo, E. O. Omidiora, S. O. Olabiyisi, A. O. Olowoye, and M. O. Oyediran. "Decongesting Traffic at Coordinated Junctions in a Multi-Road Intersection using Graph Coloring based Technique." Research and Applications of Web Development and Design 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991663.

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<em>There have been purposeful endeavors from scientists to discover effective techniques for taking care of traffic clog issues at road intersections throughout the years. Traffic clog brings about abundance delays, fuel wastages, decreased security, mileage on vehicles. This paper centers around taking care of the issue of traffic blockage at separated Cross-type convergences utilizing a graph coloring technique. The graph coloring technique was planned by including a boundary (mLan) to the underlying sign timing plan (iLan) to give the following theory signal timing plan. The detailed model was reproduced on a MATLAB situation for four cycles with each cycle at Cross-type convergence viable. There were four (L1, L2, L3, and L4) vehicle streams in the cross-type convergence. In the Cross-type convergence, the consequences of the simulation uncovered that L2 was the busiest and L1 was the least bustling stream. The arrangement gave in this paper could be helpful in considering and improving traffic stream at confined Cross-type convergences.</em>

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Lakshmi, Narayanan S., and Gowri A. Mrs. "A SURVEY ON PERFORMANCE OF CONGESTION CONTROL MECHANISMS FOR STANDARD TCP VERSIONS." Volume 8 Issue 10 8, no. 10 (2021): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5675096.

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an essential correspondence language and an association arranged convention attached with transport layer comprises of assortment of rules and methods to control correspondence between joins. There are numerous TCP variations that changed and created with separately with the interchanges needs. The majority of TCP current variants are incorporate arrangement of calculations which worked to control the blockage in basic connections of organization with keeping up with the organization throughput. In present years, TCP has been confronted the quick development in web in corresponding with the interest expanding to move the media on rapid connections upheld TCP. Somewhat recently, PC organizations and versatile cell frameworks have qualified inconceivable development and a great deal of PCs and other client gear's become connected along with most shared convention stack utilized being TCP . As of now, it is difficult to perceive the blockage control components that are applied by various motors in Internet. Another basic issue is the way that these components are utilized in assorted working frameworks. The best all inclusive vehicle convention included is the TCP and in the first achievement of TCP, a tiny number of variations were done to minimalize the clog in network way. Work utilized aggregate certain acknowledgments and the lapse of a retransmission clock to manage the cost of unwavering quality dependent on an unassuming return n model. Some progressive variations of TCP grounded on the components of clog control and aversion have been proposed and set up. This article acquainting a review and background with the presentation of various clog control instruments with different TCP variations and give an examination to the conduct for every component.

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Jan, Aiman, Shabir A. Parah, Bilal A. Malik, and Mamoon Rashid. "Secure data transmission in IoTs based on CLoG edge detection." Future Generation Computer Systems 121 (August 2021): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.03.005.

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SHARMA, NISHANT, DHAVAL PATEL, SI LI, DAN KAZMIERSKI, JACOB MILLER, and PIUS OCHIENG. "A CLOG IN THE RV: RIGHT VENTRICULAR THROMBUS IN TRANSIT." Chest 160, no. 4 (2021): A2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.1971.

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Baas, Pieter. "Unclogging a Clog Mystery – Wood anatomy applied to Dutch Folklore." IAWA Journal 29, no. 2 (2008): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000181.

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Mossige, Endre Joachim, and Atle Jensen. "Clog-Free Trilobite Filtration: Tunable Flow Setup and Velocity Measurements." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (2020): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100904.

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The ability to separate and filter out microscopic objects lies at the core of many biomedical applications. However, a persistent problem is clogging, as biomaterials stick to the internal chip surface and limit device efficiency and liability. Here, we review an alternative technique that could solve these clogging issues. By leveraging tunable flow fields and particle inertia around special trilobite-shaped filtration units, we perform filtration of plastic beads by size and we demonstrate sorting of live cells. The separation and filtration are performed completely without signs of clogging. However, a clog-free operation relies on a controlled flow configuration to steer the particles and cells away from the filter structures. In this paper, we describe the tunable flow system for such an operation and we describe an optical setup enabling hydrodynamical interactions between particles and cells with the flow fields and direct interactions with the filter structures to be characterized. The optical setup is capable of measuring particle and flow velocities (by Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV), Micro Particle Image Velocimetry (μPIV), and streakline visualization) in meters per second necessary to avoid clogging. However, accurate measurements rely on strict calibration and validation procedures to be followed, and we devote a substantial portion of our paper to laying out such procedures. A comparison between μPIV data and a known flow profile is particularly valuable for assessing measurement accuracy, and this important validation has not been previously published by us. The detail level in our description of the flow configuration and optical system is sufficient to replicate the experiments. In the last part of the paper, we review an assessment of the device performance when handling rigid spheres and live cells. We deconvolute the influences of cell shape from effects of size and find that the shape has only a weak influence on device performance.

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Sun, Ai-Le, and Jie Zhang. "The Experiment of the Clog Reduction in a Plane Silo." EPJ Web of Conferences 140 (2017): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714003024.

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Emuaye, Grace. "Plea Bargaining in Nigeria: A Clog on Fundamental Human Rights." Research Journal of Humanities, Legal Studies & International Development 6, no. 1 (2024): 304–14. https://doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/rjhlsid.v6.i1.23.

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Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.' There is manifest injustice with regards to vulnerable, innocent, and unrepresented defendants in plea bargain cases under the Nigerian adversarial system of adjudication in which the judge does not descend into the arena of conflict but rather plays a passive role as an impartial umpire. Thus, because of the passive role of the judge, vulnerable and unrepresented defendants are induced, and most times coerced into plea bargaining by prosecutors who do not want to go through the rigors of trials because the burden of proof lies on the prosecution at trial thereby, compelling such defendants to admitting to offences they never committed which therefore is tantamount to an infringement of their fundamental human rights. Thus, the aim of this paper is to critically analyze plea bargaining as practiced under the Nigerian adversarial system of adjudication as a clog on fundamental human rights of defendants. Thus, there is urgent need to wedge the sliding slope. This piece therefore makes necessary recommendations that would bring about positive change in the criminal justice system in Nigeria and in other jurisdictions in general if implemented.

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Olapoju, Olabisi Michael. "Unsafe motorization: A clog in the wheels of sustainable transportation." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 6 (July 2020): 100153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100153.

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