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Journal articles on the topic 'Clomifene, citrate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Costello, Michael F., and William L. Ledger. "Evidence-Based Lifestyle and Pharmacological Management of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Women's Health 8, no. 3 (May 2012): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/whe.12.14.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and by far the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Lifestyle change alone, and not in combination with pharmacological ovulation induction such as clomifene citrate or metformin, is generally considered the first-line treatment for the management of infertile anovulatory women with PCOS who are overweight or obese. Clomifene citrate should be considered as a first-line pharmacological therapy to improve fertility outcomes. Second-line medical treatments may include ovulation induction with gonadotropins (in clomifene citrate-resistant or clomifene citrate failure women) or laparoscopic ovarian drilling (in clomifene citrate-resistant women) or possibly with metformin combined with clomifene citrate (in clomifene citrate-resistant women). There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend aromatase inhibitors over that of clomifene citrate in infertile anovulatory women with PCOS in general or specifically in therapy-naive or clomifene citrate-resistant women with PCOS.

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2

Jiang, Jingjing, Shanshan Gao, and Yang Zhang. "Therapeutic effects of dimethyldiguanide combined with clomifene citrate in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 9 (September 2019): 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1144.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE In view of the high incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of dimethyldiguanide or clomifene citrate alone, our study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of dimethyldiguanide combined with clomifene citrate in the treatment of PCOS. METHODS A total of 79 patients with POCS and 35 healthy females were included, and endometrial biopsies were obtained. The sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) expression in endometrial tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. POC patients were randomly divided into group A (n=40) and group B (n=39). Patients in group A were treated with dimethyldiguanide combined with clomifene citrate, while patients in group B were treated with clomifene citrate alone. The number of mature follicles and cervical mucus score, follicular development rate and single follicle ovulation rate, cycle pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, ovulation rate, endometrial thickness, positive rate of three lines sign, follicle stimulating hormone level and luteinizing hormone level were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The expression level of SREBP1 was higher in PCOS patients than that in the healthy control. SREBP1 expression was inhibited after treatment, while the inhibitory effects of combined treatment were stronger than those of clomifene citrate alone. Compared with clomifene citrate alone, the combined treatment improved cervical mucus score, follicle development rate, single follicle ovulation rate, endometrial thickness, positive rate of three lines sign, and follicle-stimulating hormone level. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of combined treatment is better than clomifene citrate alone in the treatment of PCOS.

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3

Sahu, Mahija, and Nihar Ranjan Rout. "Comparative study of clomiphene citrate versus letrozole as first-line ovulation induction drug in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome women." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 2948. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202738.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the commonest endocrinopathy resulting in anovulatory infertile young women. Clomifene citrate (clomiphene) is a long-standing standard drug for ovulation induction, and is still considered as first line option in PCOS women. However, clomiphene has certain disadvantage letrozole an aromatase inhibitor acts by reducing estrogen production and has no adverse effects on endometrium and cervical mucous. Indian PCOS women have high prevalence of insulin resistance and thus are likely to have high clomiphene resistance. So letrozole could prove to be a good alternative for ovulation induction in such women.Methods: This was a prospective randomized, parallel, comparative clinical trial of two ovulation induction drugs letrozole 5 mg versus clomiphene citrate 100 mg as first-line ovulation induction drug in infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome women. The target population of the study was one hundred infertile women with PCO (taking at least 2 Rotterdam’s parameters). 50 women were allocated to clomifene citrate and 50 were allocated to Letrozole for ovulation induction. Parameters like age, duration of infertility, B MI, ovulation rate, number of follicles, pregnancy rate, endometrial thickness were noted and analyzed.Results: In letrozole group, the ovulation rate, mono-follicular development, mean endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate was better in comparison to clomifene citrate group.Conclusions: The result of this study suggests that letrozole may replace clomiphene as the first line drug for ovulation induction in infertile PCOS women.

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4

Rozhivanov, Roman Viktorovich, Dmitriy Gennad'evich Kurbatov, and Nataliya Sergeevna Kravtsova. "Differential and diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic value of test with clomifene in men with a Hypogonadizm." Problems of Endocrinology 62, no. 1 (January 13, 2016): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201662135-37.

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Aim.In the real research test with an antiestrogen clomifene is offered for differential diagnostics of potential reversibility of a hypogonadism.Material and methods.After initial determination of levels of testosterone and LH, to 55 men with a hypogonadism clomifene citrate of 50 mg orally daily in the morning for 10 days was administrated. Levels of testosterone and LH repeatedly were defined on the 11th day.Results.The carried-out test with clomifene eliminated a hypogonadism at 85,5% of patients, thus the effect remained at 40%. The test was safe, at one of men of side effects it wasn’t noted. For patients with negative result of test (preservation of a hypogonadism) administration of preparations of testosterone was recommended. Conclusions. Test allows not only to differentiate reversibility of a hypogonadism, but also in some cases completely to eliminate it.

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5

El-khayat, Waleed, Ghada Abdel Moety, Maged Al Mohammady, and Dalia Hamed. "A randomized controlled trial of clomifene citrate, metformin, and pioglitazone versus letrozole, metformin, and pioglitazone for clomifene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 132, no. 2 (November 6, 2015): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.063.

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6

Moll, E., M. van Wely, C. B. Lambalk, P. M. M. Bossuyt, and F. van der Veen. "Health-related quality of life in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome randomized between clomifene citrate plus metformin or clomifene citrate plus placebo." Human Reproduction 27, no. 11 (August 27, 2012): 3273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des310.

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7

Weiss, Nienke S., Marleen J. Nahuis, Esmee Bordewijk, Jurjen E. Oosterhuis, Jesper M. J. Smeenk, Annemieke Hoek, Frank J. M. Broekmans, et al. "Gonadotrophins Versus Clomifene Citrate With or Without Intrauterine Insemination in Women With Normogonadotropic Anovulation and Clomifene Failure (M-OVIN)." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 73, no. 5 (May 2018): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000534705.71323.c5.

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8

Moll, Etelka, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt, Johanna C. Korevaar, Cornelis B. Lambalk, and Fulco van der Veen. "Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial." BMJ 332, no. 7556 (June 12, 2006): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38867.631551.55.

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9

Zhang, Yi, Zhiyong Gao, Xue Yang, Genqing Yang, Jiuli Chang, and Kai Jiang. "Highly fluorescent carbon dots as an efficient nanoprobe for detection of clomifene citrate." RSC Advances 9, no. 11 (2019): 6084–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00360f.

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10

Pesant, Marie-Hélène, and Jean-Patrice Baillargeon. "Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome—how do metformin and clomifene citrate compare?" Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism 3, no. 7 (May 15, 2007): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpendmet0529.

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11

Han, Qin-wei, Jin-ping Wu, Ying Pang, Li-xia Wu, and Li-na Yang. "Efficacy of clomifene citrate for the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome." Medicine 99, no. 25 (June 19, 2020): e20590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020590.

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12

Ciebiera, M., and G. Jakiel. "EP20.20: “Two weeks' younger sister”: a case of monopaternal superfecundation after clomifene citrate ovulation induction." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 50 (September 2017): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.18660.

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13

Weiss, Nienke S., Marleen J. Nahuis, Esmee Bordewijk, Jurjen E. Oosterhuis, Jesper MJ Smeenk, Annemieke Hoek, Frank JM Broekmans, et al. "Gonadotrophins versus clomifene citrate with or without intrauterine insemination in women with normogonadotropic anovulation and clomifene failure (M-OVIN): a randomised, two-by-two factorial trial." Lancet 391, no. 10122 (February 2018): 758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33308-1.

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14

Garthwaite, Heather, Jane Stewart, Kathryn King, Ken McGarry, and Scott Wilkes. "Ultrasound monitoring during first-cycle treatment with clomifene citrate: a national survey of compliance with NICE." Human Fertility 23, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2018.1535201.

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15

Wordsworth, S., J. Buchanan, J. Mollison, K. Harrild, L. Robertson, C. Tay, A. Harrold, et al. "Clomifene citrate and intrauterine insemination as first-line treatments for unexplained infertility: are they cost-effective?" Human Reproduction 26, no. 2 (December 2, 2010): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq315.

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16

Palomba, Stefano, Angela Falbo, and Fulvio Zullo. "Management strategies for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and known clomifene citrate resistance." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 21, no. 6 (December 2009): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gco.0b013e328332d188.

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17

Zhu, W., X. Li, X. Chen, Z. Lin, and L. Zhang. "Transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian interstitial laser treatment in anovulatory women with clomifene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome." Fertility and Sterility 88 (September 2007): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.248.

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18

Dungan, J. S. "Clomifene citrate or unstimulated intrauterine insemination compared with expectant management for unexplained infertility: pragmatic randomised controlled trial." Yearbook of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health 2009 (January 2009): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-798x(09)79246-x.

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19

Stockman, J. A. "Clomifene citrate or unstimulated intrauterine insemination compared with expectant management for unexplained infertility: pragmatic randomised controlled trial." Yearbook of Pediatrics 2010 (January 2010): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3954(09)79315-7.

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20

Zhu, Wenjie, Xuemei Li, Xiumin Chen, Zhan Lin, and Li Zhang. "Transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian interstitial laser treatment in anovulatory women with clomifene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome." Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 27, no. 1 (May 2006): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.03.193.

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21

Manoku, N., and E. Kroi. "O494 Urinary FSH versus recombinant FSH used for ovulation induction in women with Clomifene Citrate resistant PCOS." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S233—S234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60867-5.

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22

Bhattacharya, S., K. Harrild, J. Mollison, S. Wordsworth, C. Tay, A. Harrold, D. McQueen, et al. "Clomifene citrate or unstimulated intrauterine insemination compared with expectant management for unexplained infertility: pragmatic randomised controlled trial." BMJ 337, aug07 2 (August 7, 2008): a716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a716.

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23

Feng, Suling, and Limin Guo. "Spectral study on nuclear fast red-clomifene citrate-sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate system and its analytical application." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 9 (September 2009): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934809090068.

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24

Zhu, WJ, XM Li, XM Chen, Z. Lin, and L. Zhang. "Transvaginal, ultrasound-guided, ovarian, interstitial laser treatment in anovulatory women with clomifene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 113, no. 7 (July 2006): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00975.x.

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25

Feng, Jing, Xiao-feng Zhang, Jie-ning Ren, Yu-hua Huang, and Xin Zheng. "Efficacy of clomifene citrate combined Bushen Culuan Decoction for the treatment of infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome." Medicine 99, no. 27 (July 2, 2020): e20969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020969.

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26

Nguyen, Tien Huu, Martin S. Lennard, Cyrus Ghobadi, Amin Rostami-Hodjegan, and William L. Ledger. "Does previous response to clomifene citrate influence the selection of gonadotropin dosage given in subsequent superovulation treatment cycles?" Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 23, no. 11-12 (December 3, 2006): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-006-9065-x.

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27

Nwogueze, Bartholomew Chukwuebuka, Anthony Emeka Ojieh, Josiah Iju Wilson, Simon Irikefe Ovuakporaye, Peggy Ejiro Ohwin, Eromosele Michael Aisuodionoe, Tarela Melish Elias Daubry, et al. "Down regulatory response of reproductive potentials in stress-induced rats supplemented with clomifene citrate: The fate of infertility." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 143 (November 2021): 112208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112208.

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28

Palihawadana, T. S., P. S. Wijesinghe, and H. R. Seneviratne. "A comparison of endometrial thickness following augmentation of ovulation with clomifene citrate or letrozole in women with ovulatory infertility." Ceylon Medical Journal 60, no. 2 (June 14, 2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v60i2.8152.

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29

Moll, E., J. C. Korevaar, P. M. M. Bossuyt, and F. van der Veen. "Does adding metformin to clomifene citrate lead to higher pregnancy rates in a subset of women with polycystic ovary syndrome?" Human Reproduction 23, no. 8 (May 15, 2008): 1830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den182.

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30

Torres, R. F., A. E. Habana, and L. G. Tansengco. "The Effect of Estrogen Supplementation on the Endometrium and Pregnancy Rate Among Infertile Women Treated With Clomifene Citrate: A Meta-Analysis." Fertility and Sterility 84 (September 2005): S162—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.399.

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31

Gladenko, S. E. "The effect of hormone therapy on the condition of the mammary glands in women with menstrual disorders of endocrine origin." Reproductive health of woman 5 (December 31, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.5.2021.224481.

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The objective: to study the effect of stimulating hormone therapy on the condition of the mammary glands depending on the initial endocrine status of women with menstrual disorders in the background and after ovulation stimulation.Materials and methods. The study selected a group of 130 patients (n=130) of reproductive age (mean age 27±2,3 years), which by the nature of menstrual disorders are divided into 2 subgroups: 1 subgroup (n=57) – women with regular menstrual rhythm and insufficiency of the luteal phase (ILP), 2 subgroup (n=73) – women with secondary amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea on the background of chronic anovulation. All patients complained of no pregnancy for an average of 4±1,2 years. After a comprehensive assessment of the reproductive system and hormone-dependent organs, women received the proposed treatment with estrogen-progestogen drug, bromocriptine and ovulation stimulation with clomifene citrate.Results. During the preparatory (diagnostic) phase of the study it was found that in 1 subgroup in 89,5% of patients with concomitant diseases of the pelvic organs and only endocrine disorders of the ILP type in 10,5%. In women of 2 subgroup, the frequency of combined pathology was 23,3%, and endocrine disorders – 76,7%. These results confirmed the need for laparoscopic and hysteroscopic examination of all patients with infertility in addressing the issue of ovulation stimulation. After short cycles (3 months) of monophasic estrogen-progestogen therapy, 31,6% of patients with ILP and 17,1% with anovulation had a positive effect on reducing the incidence of pain in the mammary glands, with the most sensitive to therapy were patients with diffuse forms of fibrocystic disease with a predominance of cystic and glandular components. When resuming biphasic ovulatory cycles with clomifene citrate stimulation, only 5,7% of women complained of breast pain during the first 1–2 cycles. No additional foci in the subgroups were detected, and previously diagnosed fibroadenomas did not increase.Conclusion. Analyzing the obtained data, a positive effect of different types of hormone therapy on the condition of the mammary glands in patients with menstrual and reproductive dysfunction, in particular with diffuse forms of fibrocystic disease with a predominance of cystic and glandular components, is structures most sensitive to normal progesterone levels. Despite the lack of negative dynamics on the background of ovulation stimulation and restoration of normal mammary gland structure after therapy in women with menstrual disorders of endocrine origin, menstrual cycle regulation and dynamic monitoring of the mammary glands are shown to prevent the development of hyperplastic processes.

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32

Shubnikova, E. V., T. M. Bukatina, D. A. Kaperko, N. Yu Velts, M. A. Darmostukova, A. S. Kazakov, I. I. Snegireva, E. O. Zhuravleva, and G. V. Kutekhova. "POST-MARKETING DRUG SAFETY RESEARCH: ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF FOREIGN REGULATORS." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2018-6-3-130-137.

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The monitoring of information on the safety of various drugs is becoming more relevant day by day, as the number of drugs on the pharmaceutical market increases, generic drugs, bio-analogous drugs appear. Long-term post-marketing use of a medicinal product allows to accumulate a sufficient evidence base and experience of application in various population groups, to study the features of the use of this drug. Information on the safe use of new drugs can be obtained in selected scientific publications. In addition to publications in the specialized scientific literature, regulators of different countries on the basis of new information give opinions on the need to make changes in instructions for medical use. When analyzing the recommendations of Russian and foreign regulatory authorities on restricting the circulation of medicines and / or the need to amend the instructions for their medical use in connection with the change in the assessment of the safety profile, we identified 16 administrative decisions of foreign regulatory bodies containing information about the following drugs registered in Russia. We consider all recommendations to be important information on the safety of medicines, which is addressed to specialists in the field of medicine, in particular to persons authorized by pharmacovigilance in pharmaceutical companies. In addition, this information may be of interest to physicians of various specialties who in their practice use buprenorphine, venlafaxine, gadolinium contrast drugs hydroxyethyl starch, daclizumab, duloxetine, denosumab, cladribine, clomifene citrate, milnacipran, methotrexate, pemetrexet, radium dichloride, rifampicin, phoebusostat, flupirtine.

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Thurston, Layla, Ali Abbara, and Waljit S. Dhillo. "Investigation and management of subfertility." Journal of Clinical Pathology 72, no. 9 (July 11, 2019): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205579.

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Subfertility affects one in seven couples and is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. This article describes the initial clinical evaluation and investigation to guide diagnosis and management. The primary assessment of subfertility is to establish the presence of ovulation, normal uterine cavity and patent fallopian tubes in women, and normal semen parameters in men. Ovulation is supported by a history of regular menstrual cycles (21–35 days) and confirmed by a serum progesterone >30 nmol/L during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Common causes of anovulation include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothalamic amenorrhoea (HA) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Tubal patency is assessed by hysterosalpingography, hystero-contrast sonography, or more invasively by laparoscopy and dye test. The presence of clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, serum gonadotrophins (luteinising hormone/follicle stimulating hormone) / oestradiol, pelvic ultrasound to assess ovarian morphology / antral follicle count, can help establish the cause of anovulation. Ovulation can be restored in women with PCOS using letrozole (an aromatase inhibitor), clomifene citrate (an oestrogen antagonist) or exogenous gonadotrophin administration. If available, pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy is the preferred option for restoring ovulation in HA. Spermatogenesis can be induced in men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with exogenous gonadotrophins. Unexplained subfertility can be treated with in vitro fertilisation after 2 years of trying to conceive. Involuntary childlessness is associated with significant psychological morbidity; hence, expert assessment and prompt treatment are necessary to support such couples.

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Dungan, J. S. "Clomifene citrate or low-dose FSH for the first-line treatment of infertile women with anovulation associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized multinational study." Yearbook of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health 2012 (January 2012): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yobg.2012.06.118.

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Homburg, R., M. L. Hendriks, T. E. Konig, R. A. Anderson, A. H. Balen, M. Brincat, T. Child, et al. "Clomifene citrate or low-dose FSH for the first-line treatment of infertile women with anovulation associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized multinational study." Human Reproduction 27, no. 2 (November 28, 2011): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der401.

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Oliani, Andrea Lucia Natali, Lilian Mara Kirsch Dias, Jeanete Lopes Naves, Maria Martha Bernardi, and Claudio Alvarenga Oliveira. "Efeito da administração do citrato de clomifeno durante o período perinatal no comportamento sexual, peso dos órgãos e concentração hormonal de ratos Wistar machos e fêmeas." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 52, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v52i2p141-150.

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<p>Foram investigados os efeitos da exposição perinatal ao citrato de clomifeno no comportamento sexual, peso dos órgãos e concentração hormonal de ratos machos e fêmeas. Os animais receberam quatro doses de 2 mg/mL de citrato de clomifeno, no período perinatal (21 dias de gestação – DG21), nos dias 1 (DN1), 2 (DN2) e 3 (DN3) após o nascimento dos filhotes. O tratamento causou desenvolvimento de ovário policístico em 70% das fêmeas, masculinização do comportamento sexual das fêmeas e alteração do comportamento sexual dos machos evidenciado pela redução no número de ejaculações. Em relação aos níveis hormonais, observou-se diminuição de FSH na prole masculina. Concluiu-se que o citrato de clomifeno interfere na capacidade reprodutiva de ratos machos e fêmeas, e na orientação sexual de fêmeas, quando administrado perinatalmente.</p>

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Dhar, Kavita, Shalu Chauhan, Jyotsna Sharma, Preeti Gaur, V. S. Chopra, and Umakant Bajaj. "To monitor the adverse drug reactions and safety of medicines commonly prescribed at obstetrics and gynaecology unit in a tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, no. 03 (September 30, 2014): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.3.17.

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Adverse drug reactions are the recognized hazards of drug therapy and they can occur with any class of drugs. Any substance that is capable of producing a therapeutic effect can also produce unwanted or adverse effects. Adverse Drug Reactions result in increased healthcare cost due to the need of some interventions and increased hospital stay. The study was undertaken to monitor the adverse drug reactions to medicines commonly prescribed at obstetrics and gynaecology unit in a tertiary care hospital, to establish ten most commonly prescribed medicines in this unit that gave maximum adverse drug reactions and to determine the list of commonly affected organ systems and assess their causality. In this Retrospective, non-interventional study a total of 63 adverse drug reaction reports were collected from 249 patients. The most common medicine that caused maximum ADRs was Oxytocin 10 (15.87%). Other frequently used drugs were Amikacin, Methylergometrine, Mifepristone+Misoprostol,Levonorgestrel+Ethinylestradiol, Cefotaxim+sulbactam, Cefixime+Ofloxacin, Mifepristone alone,Clomifene citrate, Tramadol. The most commonly affected organ system was cardio-vascular system 12 (19.04%).The assessment by Naranjo’s scale showed that out of 63 ADRs, 41 (65.07%) ADRs were probably related to drugs, 21 (33.33%) ADRs were possibly related to drugs and 1 (1.58%) ADR was doubtful. WHO causality assessment scale revealed that out of 63 ADRs, 51(80.95%) ADRs were probable or likely, 12(19.04%) ADRs were possible. It was observed that safe medicines were prescribed in obstetrics and gynaecology department as per FDA category A with no banned drugs .However, there is a need to sensitize the doctors to prescribe rationally and emphasize this aspect in under and post graduate medical teaching as well. The health system needs to promote spontaneous reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions from all health care professionals and the public at large in a well structured programme to build synergies for monitoring ADR in the country. Also proper documentation and periodic reporting to regional pharmacovigilance centres should be encouraged to arrive at meaningful conclusion on safety issue of medicines and thereby reduce considerably social and economic consequences of ADRs.

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Otoya Chaves, Fiorella, Stephanie León Quirós, and Mauricio Rodríguez Morera. "Manejo de infertilidad por anovulación en síndrome de ovario poliquístico." Revista Medica Sinergia 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): e642. http://dx.doi.org/10.31434/rms.v6i2.642.

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La infertilidad por anovulación es una complicación común asociada al síndrome de ovario poliquístico. La optimización de la salud constituye el primer paso en el abordaje de esta patología, principalmente con cambios en estilo de vida e índice de masa corporal óptimo. En lo referente a farmacoterapia, el citrato de clomifeno es ampliamente utilizado a nivel mundial como primera línea para inducir la ovulación. No obstante, el letrozol y la metformina en combinación con citrato de clomifeno, son terapias con evidencia prometedora que han demostrado ser superiores al citrato de clomifeno en monoterapia, en lo que respecta a fertilidad. Sin embargo, no existe consenso, y se siguen considerando terapias de segunda línea. Las gonadotropinas exógenas y la perforación laparoscópica del ovario son utilizadas cuando hay resistencia a la primera línea. La fertilización in vitro es una opción cuando tanto la primera, como la segunda línea, no son exitosas. Otros medicamentos se encuentran en estudio para determinar su eficacia en esta patología, como los agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 y esteroisómeros del inositol, empero, aún requieren estudios de mejor calidad.

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Gómez Tabarez, Gustavo, and Luz Stella Gómez Mesa. "Inducción de ovulación: 11 pacientes clomifeno negativas." Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 45, no. 1 (March 30, 1994): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.790.

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En pacientes que no responden a la terapia con citrato de clomifeno, se utiliza un protocolo basado en dosis bajas de clomifeno y gonadotrofina menopáusica humana (HMG).Se obtiene 51.2% de ovulación en 35 ciclos. Las pacientes obesas tienen una baja respuesta al esquema de inducción de ovulación lo mismo que las pacientes con una relación LHIFSH mayor de 2.68. No se presentan síntomas de hiperestimulación ovárica. En las pacientes que ovulan se utiliza 50 mg/día por 5 dosis de clomifeno y un promedio de 2.2 ampollas de 75 UI de HMG por ciclo en promedio.El promedio del tamaño del folículo al momento de ovulación es de 18.66 ± 4.9 mm. El 60% de las pacientes ovulan 24-48 horas posterior a la aplicación de HCG; restante lo hacen a las 24 horas o menos.Se discute la utilidad y las indicaciones de protocolos alternos en pacientes «resistentes» al clomifeno.

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Parra Martínez, Julio, Ángela Brocalero Camacho, Jerónimo Sancho Rieger, Ángeles Cervelló Donderis, Laura Lacruz Ballester, and Amparo Romero Martínez. "Infarto migrañoso y citrato de clomifeno." Revista de Neurología 42, no. 09 (2006): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.4209.2005664.

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41

Severino-Freire, M., L. Lamant, H. Bagheri, J. Mazereeuw-Hautier, and C. Paul. "Toxidermie au citrate de clomifène chez un culturiste." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 144, no. 10 (October 2017): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2017.05.005.

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42

Rodríguez Gutierrez, Washington. "Estudio del eje hipotalamo-hipofisis-ovario, en la hemorragia uterina disfuncional." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 21, no. 1-2-3 (July 18, 2015): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v21i1448.

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Se ha estudiado la interrelación de hipotálamo-hipófisis y ovario durante tres meses, en tres casos de mujeres jóvenes con hemorragia uterina disfuncional, mediante determinaciones radioinmunológicas seriados en plasma de FSH, LH, estradiol y progesterona. En 2 de las pacientes se observaron ciclos a novulatorios, incluso después de administrar citrato de clomifeno, presentándose falla al menos parcial, en la descarga de LH como respuesta a los marcados incrementos, aunque irregulares, del estradiol, procedente de secreción folicular adicional. En un caso se presentó probable ciclo ovulatorio espontáneo y después inducido por clomifeno. A su vez, las elevaciones plasmáticas de LH y FSH, encontradas durante el tratamiento con el clomifeno y subsiguiente desarrollo folicular, indicarían que se mantuvo indemne el mecanismo del feedback negativo entre el estrógeno y las gonadotrofinas. A juzgar por estos hallazgos, pareciera que hay cambios en la sensibilidad del hipotálamo, de ciclo a ciclo, en la hemorragia uterina disfuncional de la adolescencia.

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Cédrin-Durnerin, I. "Contre l'utilisation du citrate de clomifène dans les infertilités inexpliquées." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 34, no. 1 (January 2006): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.12.010.

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Jefferson Cortéz, Luz, Adolfo Rechkemmer Prieto, and Hugo Jiménez Vargas Machuca. "Citrato de clomifeno en mujeres infértiles con disfunción ovulatoria." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 39, no. 14 (July 14, 2015): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v39i1350.

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Estudio retrospectivo realizado en el Consultorio de Infertilidad del Hospital Loayza de Lima, entre enero de 1980 y diciembre de 1991. Se incluyen 56 infértiles con disfunción ovulatoria tratadas con citrato de clomifeno durante un total de 197 ciclos. Treinta pacientes presentaron anovulación crónica u oligo-ovulación, y 26 pacientes defecto de fase lútea, en el 83% del primer grupo de pacientes se logró inducir ovulación, siendo la tasa de embarazos de 29%. La mayor parte de pacientes estudiadas tenía factor tubi peritoneal asociado a la disfunción ovulatoria, factor que se asoció a un mal pronóstico para embarazo (p<0.001). En el 69% de embarazos, éstos se lograron durante los tres primeros meses de tratamiento, siendo la dosis necesaria de 50 a 100 mg/día en el 94% de los casos. No existieron embarazos múltiples y el 1.6% de los ciclos tratados presentó datos clínicos de hiperestimulación ovárica leve.

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Ascenzo Palacio, Alberto. "Introducción." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 58, no. 1 (February 16, 2014): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v58i90.

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Desde mediados del siglo XX, el estudio y tratamiento de a infertilidad ha ido cambiando rápidamente, desde el manejo clínico , endocrinológico básico, con tratamientos quirúrgicos reconstructivos pasando rápidamente a los tratamiento con estrógenos, citrato de clomifeno, gonadotropinas, agonistas y antagonistas del GnrH, inhibidores de la aromatasa, el uso de la laparoscopia e histeroscopia, el manejo adecuado de la imagenología, hasta llegar a julio de 1978, fecha en que Patrick Steptoe y Robert Edwards logran el nacimiento del primer bebe producto de la fertilización asistida de alta complejidad FIV.

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Belaisch-Allart, J. "Pour ou contre l'utilisation du citrate de clomifène dans les infertilités inexpliquées." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 34, no. 1 (January 2006): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.12.009.

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Merviel, P. "Pour une utilisation raisonnable du citrate de clomifène dans les infertilités inexpliquées." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 34, no. 1 (January 2006): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.12.011.

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Parneix, I. "Pour ou contre l'utilisation du citrate de clomifène dans les infertilités inexpliquées." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 34, no. 10 (October 2006): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.08.004.

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Mazzola, C. R., D. Katz, N. Logmanieh, and J. P. Mulhall. "Prédire la réponse au citrate de clomifène chez les patients ayant un hypogonadisme." Progrès en Urologie 22, no. 13 (November 2012): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.purol.2012.08.154.

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Terzic, Milan M., Jovan S. Bila, Igor Z. Pilic, and Dusica M. Kocijancic. "Bilateral ampulary pregnancy after clomifen citrate and intrauterine insemination – a unique case report." Gynecological Endocrinology 29, no. 6 (March 20, 2013): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2013.777417.

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