Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Clone composition'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Clone composition.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Clone composition"
1
Cottrell, Matthew T., and David L. Kirchman. "Community Composition of Marine Bacterioplankton Determined by 16S rRNA Gene Clone Libraries and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 12 (2000): 5116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.12.5116-5122.2000.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT We determined the compositions of bacterioplankton communities in surface waters of coastal California using clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in order to compare the community structures inferred from these two culture-independent approaches. The compositions of two clone libraries were quite similar to those of clone libraries of marine bacterioplankton examined by previous studies. Clones from γ-proteobacteria comprised ca. 28% of the libraries, while approximately 55% of the clones came from α-proteobacteria, which dominated the clone libraries. TheCytophaga-Flavobacter group and three others each comprised 10% or fewer of the clone libraries. The community composition determined by FISH differed substantially from the composition implied by the clone libraries. The Cytophaga-Flavobacter group dominated 8 of the 11 communities assayed by FISH, including the two communities assayed using clone libraries. On average only 10% of DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained bacteria were detected by FISH with a probe for α-proteobacteria, but 30% of DAPI-stained bacteria appeared to be in the Cytophaga-Flavobacter group as determined by FISH. α-Proteobacteria were greatly overrepresented in clone libraries compared to their relative abundance determined by FISH, while the Cytophaga-Flavobacter group was underrepresented in clone libraries. Our data show that theCytophaga-Flavobacter group can be a numerically dominant component of coastal marine bacterioplankton communities.
2
Bano, Nasreen, and James T. Hollibaugh. "Phylogenetic Composition of Bacterioplankton Assemblages from the Arctic Ocean." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 2 (2002): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.2.505-518.2002.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT We analyzed the phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton assemblages in 11 Arctic Ocean samples collected over three seasons (winter-spring 1995, summer 1996, and summer-fall 1997) by sequencing cloned fragments of 16S rRNA genes. The sequencing effort was directed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) screening of samples and the clone libraries. Sequences of 88 clones fell into seven major lineages of the domain Bacteria: α (36%)-, γ (32%)-, δ (14%)-, and ε (1%)-Proteobacteria; Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides spp. (9%); Verrucomicrobium spp. (6%); and green nonsulfur bacteria (2%). A total of 34% of the cloned sequences (excluding clones in the SAR11 and Roseobacter groups) had sequence similarities that were <94% compared to previously reported sequences, indicating the presence of novel sequences. DGGE fingerprints of the selected samples showed that most of the bands were common to all samples in all three seasons. However, additional bands representing sequences related to Cytophaga and Polaribacter species were found in samples collected during the summer and fall. Of the clones in a library generated from one sample collected in spring of 1995, 50% were the same and were most closely affiliated (99% similarity) with Alteromonas macleodii, while 50% of the clones in another sample were most closely affiliated (90 to 96% similarity) with Oceanospirillum sp. The majority of the cloned sequences were most closely related to uncultured, environmental sequences. Prominent among these were members of the SAR11 group. Differences between mixed-layer and halocline samples were apparent in DGGE fingerprints and clone libraries. Sequences related to α-Proteobacteria (dominated by SAR11) were abundant (52%) in samples from the mixed layer, while sequences related to γ-proteobacteria were more abundant (44%) in halocline samples. Two bands corresponding to sequences related to SAR307 (common in deep water) and the high-G+C gram-positive bacteria were characteristic of the halocline samples.
3
Yoncheva, Tatyana, and Zdravko Nakov. "Comparative Technological Characteristic of the Aligote 61-6 and Aligote N 10 Clones, Cultivated in the Soil and Climatic Conditions of the Region of Pleven." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 23, no. 1 (2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2020-0007.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the period 2011–2013 a technological characteristic of the Ukrainian clone Aligote 61-6 was made at the Institute of Viticulture and Enology – Pleven. The Bulgarian candidate-clone Aligote N 10 was used for control. During the grapes ripening, the dynamics of sugar accumulation was monitored. Upon technological maturity the indicators of the yields were accounted and mechanical analysis was performed. The chemical composition of the must, the obtained wines and their organoleptic qualities were analyzed. In its mechanical composition, Aligote 61-6 was typically wine one and it did not differ significantly in the texture and structure of the cluster and berry from the control. The theoretical yield of both clones was high. They exhibited good sugar accumulation and similar acid content. Grapes from the control had better technological indicators for obtaining wines of optimal chemical composition and quality. In the 2011 and 2013 vintages, the control wines exceeded those of the Ukrainian clone in terms of sugar-free extract content. The experimental wines Aligote N 10 had higher titratable acidity compared to the Ukrainian clone. The difference in the phenolic substances ratio and the colour intensity in the samples from both clones were insignificant. The control wines were superior in their organoleptic qualities to those of the Ukrainian clone.
4
Peirano-Bolelli, Pierina, Florencia Heller-Fuenzalida, Italo F. Cuneo, Álvaro Peña-Neira, and Alejandro Cáceres-Mella. "Changes in the Composition of Flavonols and Organic Acids during Ripening for Three cv. Sauvignon Blanc Clones Grown in a Cool-Climate Valley." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (2022): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061357.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of the geographical location and clone type on the contents of flavonols and organic acids of Sauvignon blanc grapes over the ripening process was investigated. The assay was carried out on three commercial clones of cv. Sauvignon blanc (Clone 242, Clone 107, and Clone 1-Davis) grown in two zones (referred to as low and high zones) in Casablanca Valley, Chile. The low zone is closer to the Pacific Ocean (i.e., 20 km away) than the high zone (which is 37 km away). Clear differences in the contents of total phenols, flavonols and organic acids of the grapes were observed during ripening. All the clones grown in the low zone exhibited a higher titratable acidity than those grown in the high zone. An analysis of the flavonol contents of the grape skins showed differences among clones associated with the geographical zone of cultivation. There was no difference in the tartaric acid concentration among clone types; however, a higher tartaric acid concentration was found in clones grown in the low zone than those grown in the high zone for all clone types. Similar results were found for the malic acid concentration. A discriminant analysis showed that the chemical analysis for the contents of total phenols, flavonols and organic acids influenced the classification based on the clone type. The results showed that grapes of different qualities can be grown in two geographical subunits into the larger area of Casablanca Valley.
5
Grossnickle, Steven C., and Shihe Fan. "Genetic variation in summer gas exchange patterns of interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss times Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 6 (1998): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-053.
Full textAbstract:
Interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss x Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) somatic seedlings from a range of clones were measured for gas exchange processes in relation to summer atmospheric parameters. Carbon isotope composition ( delta 13C) of needles was compared with gas exchange parameters and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). Needle conductance (gwv) decreased as vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increased. Clone T703 had the lowest gwv level across all VPD conditions, with clones G351, N366, and W460 having significantly greater gwv than clone T703 at VPD levels <2.0 kPa. Response of net photosynthesis (Pn) to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for all clones showed Pn to increase to PAR levels of around 1000 µmol ·m-2 ·s-1 and then, Pn rates were stable at higher PAR levels. Clones N366 and W460 had significantly greater Pn than clone T703 at all PAR levels. All clones showed Pn to decline as VPD increased, with clone W460 having the highest predicted Pn level across all VPD conditions and significantly greater Pn than clone T703. Higher WUEi was related to an increase in delta 13C, with clone T703 having the highest WUEi and delta 13C, followed by clone W460. Changes in delta 13C, for all clones, indicated a stronger relationship with gwv than with Pn.
6
NATALINO OLIVEIRA, FLÁVIA, JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE, FERNANDO PALHA LEITE, and FERNANDO JOSÉ BORGES GOMES. "Effects of localized environment on eucalyptus clone chemical composition." September 2016 15, no. 9 (2016): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.9.599.
Full textAbstract:
Eucalyptus wood is becoming the most important feedstock for bleached kraft pulp production, particularly in South America. However, pulp manufacturers have observed that some eucalyptus clones are resistant to wind action and others are not. Those lacking wind resistance are prone to breaking, which results in productivity losses. This study aims to investigate a correlation between the chemical composition of eucalyptus clones and their resistance to wind action. We found differences among the wind-resistant and non-wind-resistant clones, but that the fragility of trees studied for wind resistance does not correlate to the chemical composition of the wood. Four notable differences were observed. First, clones grown at lower altitudes differed from clones grown at higher altitudes in their acetyl, insoluble lignin, and extractives contents, and in their syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratios. However, we found no relationship among these components and wind susceptibility. Second, soluble lignin content increased with the increase of wind resistance in the high altitude clones. Third, the low altitude clones showed slightly lower xylan content (12.4%) and higher lignin content (29.6%) than the others. Finally, the insoluble lignin content, total acetyl groups, extractives, ash contents, and S/G ratios of the clones were influenced by the region where they were grown.
7
Bentzer, B. G., G. S. Foster, and A. R. Hellberg. "Impact of clone mixture composition on stability of 7th-year mean height in a series of Norway spruce clone tests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 6 (1990): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-100.
Full textAbstract:
Four mixtures of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.), each containing 56 clones, were analysed for height at age 7 years at six locations in southern Sweden. The number of clones in each mixture was subsequently reduced in a stepwise manner from 56 to 40, 30, 20, 10, and finally, 5 clones. The reduction process was conducted in three ways: (i) random deletion, (ii) deletion based on height growth, and (iii) deletion based on clone stability. No difference among the means of clone mixtures could be found for 20–56 clones for any elimination procedure tested, and no mixture × location interaction existed despite the number of clones in the mixture or the elimination process used. Location effects were consistently significant, independent of the number of clones in each mixture. Also, replication effects were significant in all cases but one. Random elimination of clones resulted in weak differences between mixture means when 10 and 5 clones were included. Deletion of clones based on lack of stability or inferior height growth only slightly changed the variation pattern compared with when all 56 clones were present in each mixture. Relative height growth performance of clone mixtures with as few as 5 clones appeared to be stable within the region of Sweden that was represented by the trials.
8
Reynolds, Andrew G., Margaret Cliff, Douglas A. Wardle, and Marjorie King. "Evaluation of Winegrapes in British Columbia: `Chardonnay' and `Pinot noir' Clones." HortTechnology 14, no. 4 (2004): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.4.0594.
Full textAbstract:
Eighty-five cultivars, selections and clones from European winegrape (Vitis spp.) breeding and selection programs were evaluated between 1993 and 1995 in a randomized complete-block experiment. These included Vitis vinifera clones from France as well as Freiburg, Geisenheim, and Weinsberg, Germany. Small yield and fruit composition differences were found amongst the 'Chardonnay' clones. The standard Prosser clone produced wines with highest earthy aroma and acidity and with lowest perfumy aroma, body and finish; Dijon clones 76 and 96 were most perfumy and least vegetal. `Pinot noir' clones also differed somewhat in terms of yield and fruit composition; `Samtröt', `Gamay Beaujolais', and clone Q1342-01 were amongst the most highly colored clones. These clones also tended to have the most intense berry and currant aromas as well as berry, cherry, and currant flavors. These aforementioned clones appear to be highly adaptable to viticultural regions where low heat units during fruit maturation presently limit industry growth.
9
Moulin, Jordão Cabral, Daniel de Souza Ribeiro, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre, Lucas Braga Mulin, and Silvino Intra Moreira. "Effect of drought stress on the formation and lignification of eucalyptus wood cells." IAWA Journal 43, no. 3 (2022): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10092.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Environmental adaptation and cell differentiation processes are factors that influence the anatomical elements of wood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water deficit on lignin composition in anatomical elements and on the characteristics of vessel-neighboring cells. Six-year-old clones of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis from wet and dry regions were used. All regions received a rainfall exclusion treatment. Cell wall width, cell wall thickness, and form factor of fibers close to and far from vessels were measured. In the same cells, lignin was measured in the middle lamella and vessels by a fluorescence technique. The vessel differentiation process affected cell wall thickness and lignin composition in neighboring cells. Lignin composition was increased in vessels compared to fibers or vasicentric tracheids. Middle lamella lignin was not affected by vessel differentiation or water deficit in either eucalyptus clone. E. grandis × E. camaldulensis is originally from a dry climate region and, therefore, did not suffer alterations in lignin when subjected to water stress conditions; however, this clone exhibited a higher number of vasicentric tracheids. E. urophylla is originally from a humid climate region and, when subjected to water deficit, showed increased wood lignin composition, which seems to be a strategy for better use of water resources. Alterations in lignin composition of vessel, vasicentric tracheid, and fiber cell walls resulting from exposure to water deficit conditions vary according to eucalyptus species.
10
Weber, Sabine, Stephan Stubner, and Ralf Conrad. "Bacterial Populations Colonizing and Degrading Rice Straw in Anoxic Paddy Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 3 (2001): 1318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1318-1327.2001.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Rice straw is a major substrate for the production of methane, a greenhouse gas, in flooded rice fields. The bacterial community degrading rice straw under anoxic conditions was investigated with molecular methods. Rice straw was incubated in paddy soil anaerobically for 71 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that the composition of the bacterial community changed during the first 15 days but then was stable until the end of incubation. Fifteen DGGE bands with different signal intensities were excised, cloned, and sequenced. In addition, DNA was extracted from straw incubated for 1 and 29 days and the bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified and cloned. From these clone libraries 16 clones with different electrophoretic mobilities on a DGGE gel were sequenced. From a total of 31 clones, 20 belonged to different phylogenetic clusters of the clostridia, i.e., clostridial clusters I (14 clones), III (1 clone), IV (1 clone), and XIVa (4 clones). One clone fell also within the clostridia but could not be affiliated to one of the clostridial clusters. Ten clones grouped closely with the genera Bacillus (3 clones), Nitrosospira (1 clone), Fluoribacter (1 clones), andAcidobacterium (2 clones) and with clone sequences previously obtained from rice field soil (3 clones). The relative abundances of various phylogenetic groups in the rice straw-colonizing community were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bacteria were detached from the incubated rice straw with an efficiency of about 80 to 90%, as determined by dot blot hybridization of 16S rRNA in extract and residue. The number of active (i.e., a sufficient number of ribosomes) Bacteria detected with a general eubacterial probe (Eub338) after 8 days of incubation was 61% of the total cell counts. This percentage decreased to 17% after 29 days of incubation. Most (55%) of the active cells on day 8 belonged to the genus Clostridium, mainly to clostridial clusters I (24%), III (6%), and XIVa (24%). An additional 5% belonged to theCytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster of theCytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum, 4% belonged to the α, β, and γ Proteobacteria, and 1.3% belonged to the Bacillus subbranch of the gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content. The results show that the bacterial community colonizing and decomposing rice straw developed during the first 15 days of incubation and was dominated by members of different clostridial clusters, especially clusters I, III, and XIVa.