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Academic literature on the topic 'Clone stamp'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Clone stamp"

Pierro, R., A. Passera, A. Panattoni, P. Casati, A. Luvisi, D. Rizzo, P. A. Bianco, F. Quaglino, and A. Materazzi. "Molecular Typing of Bois Noir Phytoplasma Strains in the Chianti Classico Area (Tuscany, Central Italy) and Their Association with Symptom Severity in Vitis vinifera ‘Sangiovese’." Phytopathology® 108, no. 3 (March 2018): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-17-0215-r.

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Bois noir (BN) is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex in the Euro-Mediterranean area. BN is caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (BNp), transmitted from herbaceous plants to grapevine by polyphagous insect vectors. In this study, genetic diversity among BNp strains and their prevalence and possible association with grapevine symptom severity were investigated in a Sangiovese clone organic vineyard in the Chianti Classico area (Tuscany). Field surveys over 2 years revealed a range of symptom severity on grapevine and an increase of BN incidence. A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay detected only tufB type b among BNp strains, suggesting the prevalence of the bindweed-related ecology. Nucleotide sequence analyses of vmp1 and stamp genes identified 12 vmp1 and 16 stamp sequence variants, showing an overall positive selection for such genes. The prevalent genotype was Vm43/St10, reported for the first time in this study and closely related to strains identified only in the French Eastern Pyrenees. BNp strains identified in the examined vineyard and mostly grouped in separate bindweed-related phylogenetic clusters showed statistically significant differences in their distribution in grapevines exhibiting distinct symptom severity. These results suggest the possible occurrence of a range of virulence within BNp strain populations in the Chianti Classico area.

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Atakuman, Çiğdem. "From Monuments to Miniatures: Emergence of Stamps and Related Image-bearing Objects during the Neolithic." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, no. 4 (October 15, 2015): 759–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774315000396.

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In southwest Asia, the emphasis on architecture and burial ritual, which was instrumental in the construction of place-bound identities during the Early Neolithic (c. 10,000–7000 cal. bc), shifted toward an emphasis on miniature portable objects, such as figurines, stamps and ceramics, during the Later Neolithic (c. 7000–5000 cal. bc). Through a focus on stamps, this article argues that the appearance and proliferation of image-bearing portable objects is related to a new understanding of identities around emergent concepts of ‘house’ and ‘community’, which reordered the terms of social affiliation as well as difference and hierarchy at various scales. In terms of an iconographical approach, stamp imagery shows some affinities with the anthropomorphic and zoomorphic themes of the Early Neolithic; however, the majority of the Later Neolithic stamp imagery is composed of highly abstract types that cannot immediately be associated with the themes of the Early Neolithic. A close examination would indicate that these abstract types were also reproduced by manipulating ancestral imagery. It would also appear that certain types of images were employed on certain types of objects, such as ceramics and figurines, in increasingly structured ways. Arguably, these seemingly different object classes are an outcome of a seamless historical discourse of raw materials, images and forms, continuously shifting the conceptualization of self and society. It is in this context that stamps may be treated as figurines of a highly abstract, highly crafted and highly standardized nature. While the clay figurines appropriated social identities in the domestic sphere, stamps and ceramics were instrumental in linking multiple scales of identity formation, from personal to communal. Reconsidering the material shift from the Early to Late Neolithic, I suggest that the spreading regulation of appropriating body and food was central in the construction of a convergent politics of reproduction around the concepts of ‘house’.

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Minkov, K. A., A. N. Minkov, and A. A. Khlybov. "CHOICE OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME CONDITIONS OF HEATING FOR THE COMBINED PROCESS OF BORATING AND VOLUME TRAINING OF LARGE STAMPS OF 5KhNM STEEL." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 9 (October 23, 2019): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-9-681-685.

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The stamps for hot deformation are widely adopted in industry. In use they are affected by high temperatures, tension (close to a fluidity limit) and variable thermal loadings. High-hardenability tool steels with high mechanical characteristics are used for stamps production. In this article, the possibility of use of 5KhNM steel for this goal is considered. One of technological operations at production of stamps is training in oil. It is rational to apply volume and superficial hardening, in particular chemical heat treatment, to improve operational characteristics of stamps, including wear resistance. The way of superficial hardening by the combined heating under chemical and thermal and heat treatment is presented. As a superficial way of hardening of largesize stamps of hot deformation, it is offered to use borating. Optimum temperature and time parameters of heating under the combined heat treatment are chosen and confirmed. The offered mode of chemical heat treatment allows receiving the necessary thickness of the borated layer providing high hardness and corrosion resistance in the working range of temperatures of a stamp. Also the influence of heat treatment on structure and grain size of the samples has been researched. It is shown that with increase in temperature and hold time, the size of grain increases. It leads to decrease in strength, fluidity, hardness and impact strength that can negatively influence operational properties of stamps. For definition of mechanical characteristics, the samples (in the studied range of temperatures and excerpts) have been tested for stretching and impact strength. All tests were carried out according to the existing state standard specifications. On the basis of these results, temperature and time of borating are chosen providing high mechanical properties and thickness of a borated layer. The offered approach has allowed reducing economic costs of stamps production from 5KhNM steel by exception from technological process of repeated heating for training with saving the required operational characteristics of largesize stamps.

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Kotsyuba, Andriy. "CONTACT INTERACTION OF RIGID STAMP AND INFINITE ORTHOTROPIC PLATE WITH CLOSE TO ELLIPTICAL HOLE." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0039.

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Abstract Numerical method of finding the contact stresses under the stamp of complex shape for the case of orthotropic plates with close to an elliptical hole, which based on constructed in Bozhydarnik et al., (2007) algorithm, is developed. The distribution of contact stresses under the stamp, which shape matches the shape of the hole, is investigated

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Jucius, Dalius, Algirdas Lazauskas, Viktoras Grigaliūnas, Asta Guobienė, and Linas Puodžiukynas. "Hot Embossing of Micro-Pyramids into Thermoset Thiol-Ene Film." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 2291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102291.

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This paper presents the first attempt to texturize a fully crosslinked thermoset shape memory polymer using a hot embossing technique. UV-cured thiol-ene films were successfully embossed with anisotropically-etched Si (100) stamps at a temperature of 100 °C, which is about 50 °C above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The low storage modulus of the polymer in a rubbery state allowed us to permanently emboss random micro-pyramidal patterns onto the surface of the film with high fidelity by applying 30 MPa pressure for 1 h. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation showed perfect replication of the stamp micropattern with typical height of the largest inverted pyramids close to 0.7 µm and lateral dimensions in the range of 1–2 µm. Changes in surface roughness parameters of the embossed thiol-ene films after annealing them at 100 °C for 1 h or storing for 2 months in air at standard room conditions were negligible. The achieved results open new perspectives for the simple and inexpensive hot embossing technique to be applied for the micropatterning of prepolymerized thermoset shape memory films as an alternative to micropatterning using UV casting.

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Warry, Peter. "Legionary Tile Production in Britain." Britannia 41 (July 5, 2010): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x10000048.

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ABSTRACTThere are over two thousand legionary stamped tiles incorporating some two hundred different dies now admirably collated and listed inRoman Inscriptions of Britain. Dates have been tentatively suggested for a minority of these dies, but some of these are inconsistent with the other evidence. Inter alia, by using dating derived from the different forms of tegulae on which these stamps have been impressed, revised dating is proposed. Linking these dates with the distribution of the stamped tiles sheds new light on legionary practices and movements, particularly on Hadrian’s Wall and in post-Antonine Scotland, as well as the relationship between the legions and the auxiliary units. The multiplicity of different dies could be explained by each cohort having its own stamp and stamping every one of the tiles they produced, a practice that all the British legions seem to have followed. The discovery oflegio XXstamped tiles referring to Viducius at a rural tile-works in Merseyside confirms him as a legionary contractor; close examination of tile sizes shows that contractors appear to have played a significant part in the production for at least two of the legions.

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Burin, Cláudia, Dilson Antônio Bisognin, Kelen Haygert Lencina, and Eliseo Salvatierra Gimenes. "Early selection of Cabralea canjerana for propagation by mini-cutting." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 9 (September 2018): 1018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900005.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to define an early selection strategy to identify Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae) clones with high multiplication rate. A mini-garden of 109 clones of canjerana seedlings was established in a completely randomized design, in an acclimatized greenhouse. From seedlings, the mini-stumps and mini-cuttings were obtained. Mini-cuttings were collected at five different times, and the number of mini-cuttings per mini-stump, rooting percentage, and number of rooted mini-cuttings were quantified. The number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump was the only trait that showed high correlation with the others. Five groups of clones based on the number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump were separated using k-means clustering, and the genetic gain from selection and Pearson correlation were estimated. The selection of the two best groups in each evaluation period resulted in high genetic gains from selection for all evaluated traits. Early selection for the number of rooted mini-cuttings discarded 65% of the evaluated clones, which increases experimental precision in evaluations of traits associated with plantlet growth and quality. Early selection for the number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump at different times allows the identification of Cabralea canjerana clones with high multiplication rate.

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Pimenta, Alexandre Santos, Thays Vieira da Costa Monteiro, Maíra Fasciotti, Renata Martins Braga, Elias Costa de Souza, and Kássio Michel Gomes de Lima. "Fast pyrolysis of trunk wood and stump wood from a Brazilian eucalyptus clone." Industrial Crops and Products 125 (December 2018): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.083.

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KEE, CHUL-SIK, KEUN BYUNG YOON, CHOON-GI CHOI, JIN-TAE KIM, SANG PIL HAN, SUNGGOOK PARK, and HELMUT SCHIFT. "NANOPATTERNED POLYMER THIN FILMS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 14, no. 03 (September 2005): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863505002736.

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We fabricated polymer thin films with two-dimensional periodic nanopatterns using an imprinting technique with the hot embossing process. The silicon stamp employed in the imprinting has a triangular array of circular rods. The period of the array is 410 nm, and the radius and the height of a rod are 100 nm and 150 nm, respectively. The imprinting in the polymer film results in holes with the average radius of 105 nm and the average depth of 130 nm, which are close to the dimension of the stamp. The results show that the thermal imprinting process can be suitable for the implementation of nanopatterned polymer thin films. The interesting optical properties of the nanopatterned polymer thin films are also discussed.

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Богомолов, Александр, Aleksandr Bogomolov, Юрий Галашев, Yuriy Galashev, Валерий Шматков, Valeriy Shmatkov, Елена Гетманова, and Elena Getmanova. "Experimental simulation fractal interaction of plane stamp and sand base." Construction and Architecture 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2015): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10849.

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The article presents the results of laboratory experiments to simulation the interactions of the model belt punch with a sandy base in conditions close to the plane strain. The technique for testing and interpretation of the results obtained by using the theory of fractals and percolation. Formulate conclusions based on the results of experiments, the interim results of the research and possible development of methods for calculating the joint work of bases and foundations as interacting fractal systems

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Books on the topic "Clone stamp"

Wilcke, Harry W. The AMG story: The philatelic story of the Allied Military Government in Europe at the close of World War II. Columbus, OH: United States Possessions Philatelic Society, 1994.

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Wedding photography: Advanced techniques for digital photographers. Buffalo, NY: Amherst Media, 2010.

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Bandini, Gianfranco, ed. Manuali, sussidi e didattica della geografia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-958-8.

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This publication is comprised within a recent strand of studies devoted to scholastic culture, understood as an original and complex form of mediation between academic and popular culture. The history of scholastic disciplines is actually one of the most innovative and interesting sectors of the social history of education, and also links up with similar initiatives in other academic sectors, even at international level. These include studies on scholastic and educational publishing, the history of professional associations in the area of geography and cartography (both local and national), and on possible interactions between classical geographical studies and technological applications (digital history and geography). The study of geography teaching, in particular, is extremely useful and significant for analysing: the structure, functioning and changes in scholastic culture; the contribution it made at the time of foundation and consolidation of the Italian State and at other times of political and cultural discontinuity and, finally, the tormented relations of scholastic geography with numerous aspects of an ideological nature and related to the building of Italian identity. From a methodical and historical aspect, the approach of this book is distinctly interdisciplinary: it involves specialists from scientific communities that differ in their origins and current structure, but share the same argument of study and the wish for open exchange. The various contributions seek to highlight the close interrelations between past and present in geography, never severing the links between current and historic study, between the educational and operational concerns of today and those of yesterday. Rather, they underscore the importance and advantages of a historic perspective, which can supply useful keys for interpreting the moments of discontinuity and the (ideal and operational) tensions that have distinguished geographical culture, both scholastic and academic. Rassegna stampa: La Vita Scolastica Rivista n. 5 Dicembre 2013

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Morriston, Wes. Protest and Enlightenment in the Book of Job. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738909.003.0014.

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This chapter takes a close and critical look at the use made of the Book of Job by two contemporary Christian philosophers, Alvin Plantinga and Eleonore Stump. Their interpretations illustrate the way in which the theological or confessional turn in contemporary philosophy of religion can blind us to what foundational religious texts actually say. By carefully re-examining the Book of Job, the chapter seeks to show how even their own scriptures may sometimes undermine the standpoints of traditionalists. Read without theological blinders, the Book of Job presents a sharp challenge to traditional ideas about God and the world, while the theophany at the climax of the book opens up highly unorthodox but religiously interesting possibilities.

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(Editor), Marion Mills Miller, and Theodore E. Burton (Introduction), eds. Great Debates In American History V13: From The Debates In The British Parliament On The Colonial Stamp Act To The Debates In Congress At The Close Of The Taft Administration; Finance, Part One. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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Miller, Marion Mills. Great debates in American history, from the debates in the British parliament on the Colonial stamp act (1764-1765) to the debates in Congress at the close of the Taft administration (1912-1913). Nabu Press, 2010.

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Schindler, Thomas E. A Hidden Legacy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531679.001.0001.

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This biography of Esther Zimmer Lederberg highlights the importance of her research work, which revealed the unique features of bacterial sex, essential for our understanding of molecular biology and evolution. A Hidden Legacy relates how, she and her husband Joshua Lederberg established the new field of bacterial genetics together, in the decade leading up to the discovery of the DNA double helix. Their impressive series of achievements include: the discovery of λ‎ bacteriophage and of the first plasmid, known as the F-factor; the demonstration that viruses carry bacterial genes between bacteria; and the elucidation of fundamental properties of bacterial sex. This successful collaboration earned Joshua the 1958 Nobel Prize, which he shared with two of Esther’s mentors, George Beadle and Edward Tatum. Esther Lederberg’s contributions, however, were overlooked by the Nobel committee, an example of institutional discrimination known as the Matilda Effect. Esther Lederberg should also have been recognized for inventing replica plating, an elegant technique that she originated by re-purposing her compact makeup pad as a kind of ink stamp for conveniently transferring bacterial colonies from one petri dish to another. Instead, the credit for the invention is given to her famous husband, or, at best, to Dr. and Mrs. Lederberg. Within a few years of winning the Nobel Prize, Joshua Lederberg divorced his wife, leaving Esther without a laboratory, cut off from research funding, and facing uncertain employment. In response, she created a new social circle made up of artists and musicians, including a new soulmate. She devoted herself to a close-knit musical ensemble, the Mid-Peninsula Recorder Orchestra, an avocation that flourished for over forty years, until the final days of her life.

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Kingsbury, Benedict, David M. Malone, Paul Mertenskötter, Richard B. Stewart, Thomas Streinz, and Atsushi Sunami, eds. Megaregulation Contested. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825296.001.0001.

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The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) of 2018 is the most far-reaching “megaregional” economic agreement in force. Japan, the largest economy among the eleven signatory countries, played a leading role in bringing CPTPP into being and in the decision largely to preserve in its provisions the stamp of the original US involvement before the Trump-era reversal. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the first instance of “megaregulation”: a demanding combination of inter-state economic ordering and national regulatory governance on a highly ambitious substantive and transregional scale. Its text and ambition have influenced other negotiations ranging from the Japan–EU Economic Partnership Agreement (JEEPA) and the US–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) to the projected Pan-Asian Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). This book provides an extensive analysis of TPP as a megaregulatory project for channeling and managing new pressures of globalization, and of core critical arguments made against economic megaregulation from standpoints of development, inequality, labor rights, environmental interests, corporate capture, and elite governance. Specialized chapters cover supply chains, digital economy, trade facilitation, intellectual property, currency levels, competition and state-owned enterprises, government procurement, investment, prescriptions for national regulation, and the TPP institutions. Country studies include detailed analyses of TPP-related politics and approaches in Japan, Mexico, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Thailand. Contributors include leading practitioners and scholars in law, economics, and political science. At a time when the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other global-scale institutions are struggling with economic nationalism and geopolitics, and bilateral and regional agreements are pressed by public disagreement and incompatibility with digital and capital and value chain flows, the megaregional ambition of TPP is increasingly important as a precedent requiring the close scrutiny this book presents.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clone stamp"

Morris, Willie. "“Faulkner’s Mississippi”." In The Dixie Limited. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496803382.003.0039.

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This chapter comments on William Faulkner's imaginative, intuitive world known as Yoknapatawpha County—which it considers one of the most convincing ever conceived by a writer. Faulkner's own “little postage stamp of native soil,” as he called it, was a spiritual kingdom that he transformed into a microcosm not only of the South but also of the human race. More than any other major American novelist, with the possible exception of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Faulkner stayed close to home. Despite his later sojourns in Hollywood and in Charlottesville, Virginia, his physical and emotional fidelity to Oxford and to Mississippi, to the land and the people that shaped him, was at the core of his being. The chapter also discusses Faulkner's stand on racism and poverty, which had forever been his native state's twin burdens.

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Kokubun, Koichiro. "Prologue." In The Principles of Deleuzian Philosophy, 1–8. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448987.003.0001.

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Gilles Deleuze, one of the twentieth century’s greatest philosophers, was born in the 17th arrondissement of the French capital in 1925. Little Gilles was your average Parisian child, with a fondness for collecting stamps in his spare time, as Deleuze was to recall later in life. The Second World War began when he was fifteen; evacuated to Normandy, it was there that lessons on French literature given by a young professor awakened his intellectual curiosity. The encounter with philosophy was to take place not long after, in his final year of lycée. Recognising in his very first philosophy class his calling for the discipline, he took up a life of research as a matter of course. His thesis at the Sorbonne on the British Empiricist David Hume became his first publication. Following a decade of intermittent ‘silence’, in the 1960s he produced study after study in close succession, radically reconstituting every field he deigned to intervene in. But it was his 1972 ...

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Sherratt, Thomas N., and David M. Wilkinson. "Why Species?" In Big Questions in Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199548606.003.0008.

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In this chapter, we will attempt to address several interrelated questions about species and species formation. First we ask what, if anything, is a species? As we shall see, while most scientists are happy to agree on the essentials, the answer to this question is far from straightforward. We then briefly discuss the range of ways new species can evolve, and provide evidence for these different pathways. Finally, following from our opening quotations, we ask a somewhat more abstract and philosophical question that brings together many of the separate threads we have introduced: why is life not composed of a single species? . . . What is a species? . . . The classification of organisms into species is so familiar that it is easy to accept without much critical thought. On reading ‘Tiger, tiger burning bright’, or headlines such as ‘Man bites Dog’, we have no problem envisaging who the main protagonists are. Mention a tiger, and one immediately thinks of a large cat with stripes. To most people, species are simply a collection of organisms with a given set of physical traits. All classification systems include elements of personal preference as to how one chooses to classify any group of objects (e.g. by shape, size, or colour). However, there is evidence that ‘species’ represent categories that are more consistent between observers than the various ways of sorting out one’s stamp collection. The Fore, a highland people of New Guinea, are perhaps best known in the western world for the devastating prion-based disease ‘Kuru’ that afflicted their population as a result of ritualized consumption of dead family members. However, the people have close links to their natural environment and a remarkably detailed system of classifying the larger animals they see around them. In an early study to test the degree to which species assignations are consistent among peoples with different backgrounds, Jared Diamond compared the Fore nomenclature with that developed by European taxonomists. Birds found regularly in the Fore territory were divided by the Fore into 110 distinct types, and by zoologists into 120 types, with an almost exact one-to-one correspondence between Fore ‘species’ and taxonomists’ ‘species’.

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Nadeau, Robert. "The New Story in Physics: Mind, Matter, and the Nonlocal Universe." In Rebirth of the Sacred. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199942367.003.0006.

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The capacity to acquire and use fully complex language systems made the members of our species fully conscious and self-aware beings in the vast cosmos. But this enormous privilege came with a price. After our ancestors began to live storied lives in a linguistically based symbolic universe, the world that previous generations experienced as an integrated and undivided whole split into two worlds—an inner world where the self that is aware of its own awareness exists and an outer world in which this self seeks to gratify its needs and establish a meaningful sense of connection with other selves. And this explains why the most fundamental impulse in the storied lives of fully modern humans has always been to close the gap between these inner and outer worlds by integrating all seemingly discordant parts of a symbolic universe into a meaningful and coherent whole. The narrative that has consistently served this function is religion. But during the first scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, another narrative emerged called Newtonian or classical physics that also promised to bridge the gap between self and world by integrating all of the seemingly discordant parts of the physical universe into a coherent and meaningful whole. In this physics, one universal force, gravity, governs the motion, interaction, and blending of indestructible atoms or mass points. And since the laws of gravity were completely deterministic, it was assumed that all events in the cosmos are predetermined by the forces associated with these laws and that the future of any physical system could be predicted with absolute certainty if initial conditions are known. In the worldview of classical physics, human beings were cogs in a giant machine and linked to other parts of this machine in only the most mundane material terms. The knowing self was separate, discrete, and isolated from the physical world, and all the creativity of the cosmos was exhausted in the first instant of creation. As physicist Henry Stapp points out, “Classical physics not only fails to demand the mental, it fails to even provide a rational place for the mental.

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"himself the title ‘Defender of the Faith’ and it has remained as a title of English monarchs since. Christianity has played an influential role within English politics since the 8th century. The laws of Alfred the Great are prefaced by the Decalogue, the basic ten commandments to which Alfred added a range of laws from the Mosaic code found in the old testament. So, even at this stage there was a strong Judeo-Christian stamp on the law. But it was the close connection between Crown and Church which developed after Henry’s break from Rome that allowed English law to be greatly influenced by Christianity This has led to the situation that now prevails in contemporary England that there is a close interdependency between the norms of Christianity, the law and the constitution. In the coronation oath, the monarch promises to uphold the Christian religion by law established. The Archbishop of Canterbury asks the monarch ‘Will you to the utmost of your power maintain the laws of God, the true profession of the Gospel and the Protestant reformed religion established by law?’ To which the Monarch responds ‘All this I promise to do’. No monarch can take the throne without making the oath. The next section brings together the issue of language, Christianity and law to draw out some of the problems of language. 2.4.1 Sacred texts, English law and the problem of language The sacred texts of the Old Testament and the New Testament collected in the Bible have been translated into numerous languages. Many misunderstandings of texts can be caused by mistranslations. English translations of the Bible are translations of translations. The Aramaic of the original speakers of the Christian message was written in Greek during the first century and from there translated into other languages. The historical Jesus did not, so far as we know, speak to people in Greek; he most likely spoke Aramaic. A few fragments were written in Aramaic, yet the English translations are made from the ‘original’ Greek! The Old Testament was written in Hebrew. However, the English translation is from an ‘original Greek translation’ of the Hebrew. To suggest why the source of translation might matter is also to illustrate the importance of other readings, other interpretations. Other readings and other interpretations are core issues for lawyers: what do these words mean for this situation rather than what do these words mean for ever. To illustrate this point within religion the first phrase in the first sentence from a Christian prayer known as the ‘Our Father’ or ‘The Lord’s Prayer’ will be considered. The English translation found in the ‘King James Version’ from the ‘original’ Greek will be compared to an English translation from an Aramaic version dating from 200 AD. The King James version is authorised by law for use by the Anglican church established by law. The King James Version of the Bible was developed after much bloodshed in the 17th century, and the Aramaic comparison is derived from Douglas Koltz who tried a reconstitution of the Aramaic from the Greek. This latter translation is, therefore, a little suspect as Aramaic is far more open textured than Greek (or indeed English) as will be discovered. However, the exercise provides a useful illustration of the flexibility of language, as well as the manipulation of language users!" In Legal Method and Reasoning, 28. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843145103-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Clone stamp"

Song, Zhichao, Jaejong Lee, and Sunggook Park. "Finite Element Analysis for Demolding Process in Thermal Imprint Lithography." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43699.

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In thermal imprint lithography, most of the imprint failures occur during demolding, a process to separate the mold insert from the substrate after conformal molding. The success of demolding is determined by the stress generated in the resist with respect to the yield stress of the resist. In this paper we simulated the demolding process in thermal imprint lithography using the finite element method to study the stress distribution and deformation in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resist during demolding. During demolding, the stress concentrates both at the transition corner zone between the residual layer and the replicated pattern, and close to the contact region with the moving stamp. As demolding proceeds, the highest local stress for both locations shows two maximums, indicating that a structural failure may occur not only when demolding starts, but also immediately before demolding ends. The structural failure at the second maximum becomes dominant as the angular offset from the ideal normal demolding to the substrate surface increases or for the structures located far away from the symmetric centerline. In addition, we will discuss the influence of other process and geometry parameters, including demolding rate and stamp aspect ratio.

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Cunningham, Andrew, and Brian D. Jensen. "Simulation of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System for Generating Electrical Power From Pressurized Gas." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97923.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel approach to energy scavenging for a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device to convert the energy stored in pressurized gas into electrical power. The proposed design uses input pressure to move a piston and magnet through a set of coils while pulling on another mass through non-linear springs to open and close the input air valve. The model demonstrates that the design is capable of staying in motion with continual input pressure (up to at least a time stamp of 1 second), and that an average power output of 9.47 μW over 5 ms can be achieved. We suggest that further research be done to optimize the design parameters and that the optimized design be used to the test the system.

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Srinath, Suchethan M., and William J. Emblom. "Cup Forming: A Study in Quasi-Automatic Strain Based Control." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65783.

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Force-based closed-loop control of stamp forming processes have in the past been investigated in order to improve the formability of sheet metal when forming automotive body panels. Previous researchers have controlled local forces and wrinkling using active draw beads and variable blank holder forces. However, it has been recognized that strain-based control in critical locations may be more effective. This study is an initial examination of strain-based control. In order to simplify the problem of strain control, cup forming was utilized and a quasi-automatic proportional control system was utilized. Both finite element analysis and experimental results were examined. It was demonstrated that control at the punch nose resulted in better strain control than at the die shoulder. For this study, two approaches were considered for control. For the first approach, if the effective strains were within +/−0.005 of the target strain, the process was said to be in control while the second approach used a factor of 10% deviation from the target strain to be in control. It was shown that the second method resulted in improved control. However, a third approach, which was a synthesis of the first two approaches resulted in very close agreement between the target strains and the strains from the controlled simulations.

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