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1
Pierro, R., A. Passera, A. Panattoni, P. Casati, A. Luvisi, D. Rizzo, P. A. Bianco, F. Quaglino, and A. Materazzi. "Molecular Typing of Bois Noir Phytoplasma Strains in the Chianti Classico Area (Tuscany, Central Italy) and Their Association with Symptom Severity in Vitis vinifera ‘Sangiovese’." Phytopathology® 108, no. 3 (March 2018): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-17-0215-r.
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Bois noir (BN) is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex in the Euro-Mediterranean area. BN is caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (BNp), transmitted from herbaceous plants to grapevine by polyphagous insect vectors. In this study, genetic diversity among BNp strains and their prevalence and possible association with grapevine symptom severity were investigated in a Sangiovese clone organic vineyard in the Chianti Classico area (Tuscany). Field surveys over 2 years revealed a range of symptom severity on grapevine and an increase of BN incidence. A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay detected only tufB type b among BNp strains, suggesting the prevalence of the bindweed-related ecology. Nucleotide sequence analyses of vmp1 and stamp genes identified 12 vmp1 and 16 stamp sequence variants, showing an overall positive selection for such genes. The prevalent genotype was Vm43/St10, reported for the first time in this study and closely related to strains identified only in the French Eastern Pyrenees. BNp strains identified in the examined vineyard and mostly grouped in separate bindweed-related phylogenetic clusters showed statistically significant differences in their distribution in grapevines exhibiting distinct symptom severity. These results suggest the possible occurrence of a range of virulence within BNp strain populations in the Chianti Classico area.
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Atakuman, Çiğdem. "From Monuments to Miniatures: Emergence of Stamps and Related Image-bearing Objects during the Neolithic." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, no. 4 (October 15, 2015): 759–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774315000396.
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In southwest Asia, the emphasis on architecture and burial ritual, which was instrumental in the construction of place-bound identities during the Early Neolithic (c. 10,000–7000 cal. bc), shifted toward an emphasis on miniature portable objects, such as figurines, stamps and ceramics, during the Later Neolithic (c. 7000–5000 cal. bc). Through a focus on stamps, this article argues that the appearance and proliferation of image-bearing portable objects is related to a new understanding of identities around emergent concepts of ‘house’ and ‘community’, which reordered the terms of social affiliation as well as difference and hierarchy at various scales. In terms of an iconographical approach, stamp imagery shows some affinities with the anthropomorphic and zoomorphic themes of the Early Neolithic; however, the majority of the Later Neolithic stamp imagery is composed of highly abstract types that cannot immediately be associated with the themes of the Early Neolithic. A close examination would indicate that these abstract types were also reproduced by manipulating ancestral imagery. It would also appear that certain types of images were employed on certain types of objects, such as ceramics and figurines, in increasingly structured ways. Arguably, these seemingly different object classes are an outcome of a seamless historical discourse of raw materials, images and forms, continuously shifting the conceptualization of self and society. It is in this context that stamps may be treated as figurines of a highly abstract, highly crafted and highly standardized nature. While the clay figurines appropriated social identities in the domestic sphere, stamps and ceramics were instrumental in linking multiple scales of identity formation, from personal to communal. Reconsidering the material shift from the Early to Late Neolithic, I suggest that the spreading regulation of appropriating body and food was central in the construction of a convergent politics of reproduction around the concepts of ‘house’.
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Minkov, K. A., A. N. Minkov, and A. A. Khlybov. "CHOICE OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME CONDITIONS OF HEATING FOR THE COMBINED PROCESS OF BORATING AND VOLUME TRAINING OF LARGE STAMPS OF 5KhNM STEEL." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 9 (October 23, 2019): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-9-681-685.
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The stamps for hot deformation are widely adopted in industry. In use they are affected by high temperatures, tension (close to a fluidity limit) and variable thermal loadings. High-hardenability tool steels with high mechanical characteristics are used for stamps production. In this article, the possibility of use of 5KhNM steel for this goal is considered. One of technological operations at production of stamps is training in oil. It is rational to apply volume and superficial hardening, in particular chemical heat treatment, to improve operational characteristics of stamps, including wear resistance. The way of superficial hardening by the combined heating under chemical and thermal and heat treatment is presented. As a superficial way of hardening of largesize stamps of hot deformation, it is offered to use borating. Optimum temperature and time parameters of heating under the combined heat treatment are chosen and confirmed. The offered mode of chemical heat treatment allows receiving the necessary thickness of the borated layer providing high hardness and corrosion resistance in the working range of temperatures of a stamp. Also the influence of heat treatment on structure and grain size of the samples has been researched. It is shown that with increase in temperature and hold time, the size of grain increases. It leads to decrease in strength, fluidity, hardness and impact strength that can negatively influence operational properties of stamps. For definition of mechanical characteristics, the samples (in the studied range of temperatures and excerpts) have been tested for stretching and impact strength. All tests were carried out according to the existing state standard specifications. On the basis of these results, temperature and time of borating are chosen providing high mechanical properties and thickness of a borated layer. The offered approach has allowed reducing economic costs of stamps production from 5KhNM steel by exception from technological process of repeated heating for training with saving the required operational characteristics of largesize stamps.
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Kotsyuba, Andriy. "CONTACT INTERACTION OF RIGID STAMP AND INFINITE ORTHOTROPIC PLATE WITH CLOSE TO ELLIPTICAL HOLE." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0039.
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Abstract Numerical method of finding the contact stresses under the stamp of complex shape for the case of orthotropic plates with close to an elliptical hole, which based on constructed in Bozhydarnik et al., (2007) algorithm, is developed. The distribution of contact stresses under the stamp, which shape matches the shape of the hole, is investigated
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Jucius, Dalius, Algirdas Lazauskas, Viktoras Grigaliūnas, Asta Guobienė, and Linas Puodžiukynas. "Hot Embossing of Micro-Pyramids into Thermoset Thiol-Ene Film." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 2291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102291.
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This paper presents the first attempt to texturize a fully crosslinked thermoset shape memory polymer using a hot embossing technique. UV-cured thiol-ene films were successfully embossed with anisotropically-etched Si (100) stamps at a temperature of 100 °C, which is about 50 °C above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The low storage modulus of the polymer in a rubbery state allowed us to permanently emboss random micro-pyramidal patterns onto the surface of the film with high fidelity by applying 30 MPa pressure for 1 h. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation showed perfect replication of the stamp micropattern with typical height of the largest inverted pyramids close to 0.7 µm and lateral dimensions in the range of 1–2 µm. Changes in surface roughness parameters of the embossed thiol-ene films after annealing them at 100 °C for 1 h or storing for 2 months in air at standard room conditions were negligible. The achieved results open new perspectives for the simple and inexpensive hot embossing technique to be applied for the micropatterning of prepolymerized thermoset shape memory films as an alternative to micropatterning using UV casting.
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Warry, Peter. "Legionary Tile Production in Britain." Britannia 41 (July 5, 2010): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x10000048.
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ABSTRACTThere are over two thousand legionary stamped tiles incorporating some two hundred different dies now admirably collated and listed inRoman Inscriptions of Britain. Dates have been tentatively suggested for a minority of these dies, but some of these are inconsistent with the other evidence. Inter alia, by using dating derived from the different forms of tegulae on which these stamps have been impressed, revised dating is proposed. Linking these dates with the distribution of the stamped tiles sheds new light on legionary practices and movements, particularly on Hadrian’s Wall and in post-Antonine Scotland, as well as the relationship between the legions and the auxiliary units. The multiplicity of different dies could be explained by each cohort having its own stamp and stamping every one of the tiles they produced, a practice that all the British legions seem to have followed. The discovery oflegio XXstamped tiles referring to Viducius at a rural tile-works in Merseyside confirms him as a legionary contractor; close examination of tile sizes shows that contractors appear to have played a significant part in the production for at least two of the legions.
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Burin, Cláudia, Dilson Antônio Bisognin, Kelen Haygert Lencina, and Eliseo Salvatierra Gimenes. "Early selection of Cabralea canjerana for propagation by mini-cutting." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 9 (September 2018): 1018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900005.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to define an early selection strategy to identify Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae) clones with high multiplication rate. A mini-garden of 109 clones of canjerana seedlings was established in a completely randomized design, in an acclimatized greenhouse. From seedlings, the mini-stumps and mini-cuttings were obtained. Mini-cuttings were collected at five different times, and the number of mini-cuttings per mini-stump, rooting percentage, and number of rooted mini-cuttings were quantified. The number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump was the only trait that showed high correlation with the others. Five groups of clones based on the number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump were separated using k-means clustering, and the genetic gain from selection and Pearson correlation were estimated. The selection of the two best groups in each evaluation period resulted in high genetic gains from selection for all evaluated traits. Early selection for the number of rooted mini-cuttings discarded 65% of the evaluated clones, which increases experimental precision in evaluations of traits associated with plantlet growth and quality. Early selection for the number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump at different times allows the identification of Cabralea canjerana clones with high multiplication rate.
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Pimenta, Alexandre Santos, Thays Vieira da Costa Monteiro, Maíra Fasciotti, Renata Martins Braga, Elias Costa de Souza, and Kássio Michel Gomes de Lima. "Fast pyrolysis of trunk wood and stump wood from a Brazilian eucalyptus clone." Industrial Crops and Products 125 (December 2018): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.083.
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KEE, CHUL-SIK, KEUN BYUNG YOON, CHOON-GI CHOI, JIN-TAE KIM, SANG PIL HAN, SUNGGOOK PARK, and HELMUT SCHIFT. "NANOPATTERNED POLYMER THIN FILMS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 14, no. 03 (September 2005): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863505002736.
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We fabricated polymer thin films with two-dimensional periodic nanopatterns using an imprinting technique with the hot embossing process. The silicon stamp employed in the imprinting has a triangular array of circular rods. The period of the array is 410 nm, and the radius and the height of a rod are 100 nm and 150 nm, respectively. The imprinting in the polymer film results in holes with the average radius of 105 nm and the average depth of 130 nm, which are close to the dimension of the stamp. The results show that the thermal imprinting process can be suitable for the implementation of nanopatterned polymer thin films. The interesting optical properties of the nanopatterned polymer thin films are also discussed.
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Богомолов, Александр, Aleksandr Bogomolov, Юрий Галашев, Yuriy Galashev, Валерий Шматков, Valeriy Shmatkov, Елена Гетманова, and Elena Getmanova. "Experimental simulation fractal interaction of plane stamp and sand base." Construction and Architecture 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2015): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10849.
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The article presents the results of laboratory experiments to simulation the interactions of the model belt punch with a sandy base in conditions close to the plane strain. The technique for testing and interpretation of the results obtained by using the theory of fractals and percolation. Formulate conclusions based on the results of experiments, the interim results of the research and possible development of methods for calculating the joint work of bases and foundations as interacting fractal systems
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Aruz, Joan. "The Stamp Seals from Tell esh Sheikh." Anatolian Studies 42 (December 1992): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642947.
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The site of Tell esh Sheikh was excavated in 1947 and 1948 as part of the British project at Alalakh-Tell Atchana in the Amuq plain. It is located two miles west of Tell Tayinat, which adjoins Alalakh, with the mound of Tabara al Akrad one and a half miles east. Other sites on the eastern edge of the plain include Çatal Höyük and Judeidah. Woolley discusses Tell esh Sheikh in the reports of excavations at Alalakh. The seals are described most fully by Buchanan, based on information and sketches supplied to him by the excavators. The present study reflects research done in the Antakya Museum and references to its inventory books. As stated by Buchanan, the seals are distributed over seven levels at the site and include a number of gables made of bone. Further information regarding archaeological context is lacking, according to David French, who is reviewing documentation and finds for the forthcoming publication of the Tell esh Sheikh excavation.An investigation of seals and sealings at such sites as Norşuntepe and Değirmentepe in eastern Anatolia, and Tepe Gawra in northern Mesopotamia, has provided close parallels for materials, shapes, motifs and styles found in the Tell esh Sheikh seal corpus. Such associations in part confirm results of pottery analysis but also raise questions about the correlation of pottery and seal chronology, and about relations between sites on the Cilician plain and regions closer to the resource-rich areas in the northeast. A review of findings follows below.
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Blouhos, Konstantinos, Konstantinos A. Boulas, Anna Konstantinidou, Ilias I. Salpigktidis, Stavroula P. Katsaouni, Konstantinos Ioannidis, and Anestis Hatzigeorgiadis. "Early Rupture of an Ultralow Duodenal Stump after Extended Surgery for Gastric Cancer with Duodenal Invasion Managed by Tube Duodenostomy and Cholangiostomy." Case Reports in Surgery 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/430295.
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When dealing with gastric cancer with duodenal invasion, gastrectomy with distal resection of the duodenum is necessary to achieve negative distal margin. However, rupture of an ultralow duodenal stump necessitates advanced surgical skills and close postoperative observation. The present study reports a case of an early duodenal stump rupture after subtotal gastrectomy with resection of the whole first part of the duodenum, complete omentectomy, bursectomy, and D2+ lymphadenectomy performed for a pT3pN2pM1 (+ number 13 lymph nodes) adenocarcinoma of the antrum. Duodenal stump rupture was managed successfully by end tube duodenostomy, without omental patching, and tube cholangiostomy. Close assessment of clinical, physical, and radiological signs, output volume, and enzyme concentration of the tube duodenostomy, T-tube, and closed suction drain, which was placed near the tube duodenostomy site to drain the leak around the catheter, dictated postoperative management of the external duodenal fistula.
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Partecke, Lars Ivo, Wolfram Kessler, Wolfram von Bernstorff, Stephan Diedrich, Claus-Dieter Heidecke, and Maciej Patrzyk. "Laparoscopic appendectomy using a single polymeric clip to close the appendicular stump." Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 395, no. 8 (June 26, 2010): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-010-0671-9.
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McKee, R. F., R. A. Keenan, and A. Munro. "Colectomy for acute colitis: is it safe to close the rectal stump?" International Journal of Colorectal Disease 10, no. 4 (October 1995): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00346223.
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Correia, Tiago Pereira da Silva, Arthur Gabriel Caldas Lopes, Francisco Faggion, Guilherme Rodrigues de Brito, and Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa. "PERFORMANCE OPERATIONAL AND COSTS OF MECHANIZED STUMP EXTRACTION SETS." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 28 (November 19, 2020): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.10272.
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Stump extraction can be carried out in different ways, among which the mechanized removal is the most usual in the forestry sector. Information regarding the operation with cutting implements is important in the context of decision taking, operational and economic optimization of the activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the operational performance and mechanized costs of different stump extractors implements in an eucalyptus harvested area. The work was carried out in an Eucalyptus urograndis clones harvested area where the treatments adopted for removal were the following: agricultural tractor + shredder head (T1), excavator + shovel bucket (T2); excavator + shredder head (T3), excavator + stump shear (T4) and bulldozer mat + stump pullers (5). The experimental design was the completely randomized, with four replications per treatment, where it was evaluated the operational efficiency (Ef), operational field capacity (Ofc), extraction productivity (Ps), hourly fuel consumption (Fch), hourly cost (HC), operational (OC) and by extracted stump (SC). For the conditions of the work, the T5 was the one with the highest Ef, Ofc, and Ps, lowest OC and SC.
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Tang, Bin, Xiaoxia Zheng, Mingxin Liu, and Mengxu Fang. "STAP Optimization of Airborne Phased Array Radar in Nonuniform Environment Based on EFA Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 28, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3943041.
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EFA (extended factored approach) algorithm is the main method of space-time adaptive processing technology (STAP) for airborne phased array radar, but it is faced with many problems, such as large number of samples and large amount of calculation. Therefore, this paper uses a method of spatial data dimensionality reduction processing based on cyclic iterative calculation to optimize its STAP. The final experimental results show that, after spatial data dimensionality reduction processing optimization, the STAP performance of EFA algorithm is further expanded in the range of sample number adaptation; especially in the case of small sample number, the optimized STAP performance has been basically close to the ideal compared with other optimization schemes; tap performance also proves that the optimization scheme in this paper has better convergence speed and STAP performance.
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Xiao, Jing, Yang Liu, and Jie Zhou. "Quantum Clone Elite Genetic Algorithm-Based Evaluation Mechanism for Maximizing Network Efficiency in Soil Moisture Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Sensors 2021 (May 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5590472.
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In agriculture, soil moisture wireless sensor networks (SMWSNs) are used to monitor the growth of crops for obtaining higher yields. The purpose of this paper is to improve the network efficiency of SMWSNs. Therefore, we propose a novel network efficiency evaluation mechanism which is suitable for soil moisture sensors and design a sensor target allocation model (STAM) for the actual agricultural situation. After that, a quantum clone elite genetic algorithm (QCEGA) is proposed; then, QCEGA is applied to optimize the STAM for obtaining optimal results. QCEGA uses the parallel mechanism of quantum computing to encode individuals, integrates the quantum revolving gate in quantum computing and the concept of cloning in biology to avoid the algorithm from falling into local optimum, and applies the elite strategy to speed up the convergence of the algorithm. Subsequently, the proposed algorithm is compared with simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Under the novel network efficiency evaluation mechanism, the simulation results demonstrate that the network efficiency based on QCEGA is higher than that of SA and PSO; what is more, QCEGA has better convergence performance. In comparison with traditional wireless sensor network efficiency evaluation approaches, our methods are more in line with the development of modern agriculture and can effectively improve the efficiency of SMWSNs, thus ensuring that crops can have a better growth condition.
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Ridolfi, Cristina, Maria Rachele Angiolini, Francesca Gavazzi, Paola Spaggiari, Maria Carla Tinti, Fara Uccelli, Marco Madonini, Marco Montorsi, and Alessandro Zerbi. "Morphohistological Features of Pancreatic Stump Are the Main Determinant of Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreatoduodenectomy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/641239.
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Introduction.Pancreatic surgery is challenging and associated with high morbidity, mainly represented by postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and its further consequences. Identification of risk factors for POPF is essential for proper postoperative management.Aim of the Study.Evaluation of the role of morphological and histological features of pancreatic stump, other than main pancreatic duct diameter and glandular texture, in POPF occurrence after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Patients and Methods.Between March 2011 and April 2013, we performed 145 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies. We intraoperatively recorded morphological features of pancreatic stump and collected data about postoperative morbidity. Our dedicated pathologist designed a score to quantify fibrosis and inflammation of pancreatic tissue.Results.Overall morbidity was 59,3%. Mortality was 4,1%. POPF rate was 28,3%, while clinically significant POPF were 15,8%. Male sex (P=0.009),BMI≥25(P=0.002), prolonged surgery (P=0.001), soft pancreatic texture (P<0.001), small pancreatic duct (P<0.001), pancreatic duct decentralization on stump anteroposterior axis, especially if close to the posterior margin (P=0.031), large stump area (P=0.001), and extended stump mobilization (P=0.001) were related to higher POPF rate. Our fibrosis-and-inflammation score is strongly associated with POPF (P=0.001).Discussion and Conclusions.Pancreatic stump features evaluation, including histology, can help the surgeon in fitting postoperative management to patient individual risk after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Sarkar, Mrinmoy, Dhiman Chowdhury, Celia Shahnaz, and Shaikh Anowarul Fattah. "Application of Electrical Network Frequency of Digital Recordings for Location-Stamp Verification." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153135.
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Electrical network frequency (ENF) is a signature of a power distribution grid. It represents the deviation from the nominal frequency (50 or 60 Hz) of a power system network. The variations in ENF sequences within a grid are subject to load fluctuations within that particular grid. These ENF variations are inherently located in a multimedia signal, which is recorded close to the grid or directly from the mains power line. Thus, the specific location of a recording can be identified by analyzing the ENF sequences of the multimedia signal in absence of the concurrent power signal. In this article, a novel approach to location-stamp authentication based on ENF sequences of digital recordings is presented. ENF patterns are extracted from a number of power and audio signals recorded in different grid locations across the world. The extracted ENF signals are decomposed into low outliers and high outliers frequency segments and potential feature vectors are determined for these ENF segments by statistical and signal processing analysis. Then, a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) classification model is developed to verify the location-stamp information of the recordings. The performance evaluations corroborate the efficacy of the proposed framework.
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Toda, Jun, Michiko Ichii, Hirohiko Shibayama, Hideaki Saito, Yuichi Kitai, Ryuta Muromoto, Jun-ichi Kashiwakura, et al. "Role of Signal Transducing Adaptor Protein-1 (STAP-1) in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113725.
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Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder caused by hematopoietic stem cells expressing the BCR-ABL fusion oncoprotein, which constitutively activates multiple signal transduction pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT). Although tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy results in dramatic clinical success, studies have shown that TKIs are unable to eradicate leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Several key signaling molecules and pathways have been proposed to regulate the survival of CML LSCs in the presence of TKI; however, the details remain unclear. It is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms that maintain LSCs to better understand the pathogenesis of CML and develop new treatment approaches. The family of signal-transducing adaptor proteins (STAPs), which includes STAP-1 and STAP-2, has been implicated in various intracellular signaling pathways. In 2003, we cloned STAP-2 as a c-fms interacting protein and reported that STAP-2 binds to BCR-ABL and enhances activity, leading to the activation of downstream molecules such as ERK, STAT5, BCL-xL, and BCL2. STAP-1 was cloned as a c-kit interacting protein from a hematopoietic stem cell library, but it is unknown whether STAP-1 plays a role in CML. Given the structural homology between STAP-1 and STAP-2 and the hematopoietic expression of STAP-1, we hypothesized that STAP-1 might contribute to the leukemogenesis of CML. A STAP-1-deficient (KO) CML mouse model was developed. To generate this model, lineage (Lin)− Sca-1+ c-Kithigh (LSK) fraction isolated from bone marrow (BM) cells was infected with a retrovirus carrying BCR-ABL1 and GFP and subsequently transplanted into congeneric recipients. STAP-1 KO CML mice showed significantly longer survival than WT CML mice and displayed less severe splenomegaly and lung hemorrhages compared with WT mice. In recipient BM, absolute numbers of STAP-1 KO LSCs (GFP+ LSK cells) were significantly lower than WT LSCs. In the colony-forming assay, STAP-1 KO LSCs generated fewer colonies compared to WT LSCs. Using flow cytometric analysis, we found that STAP-1 KO LSCs had a higher apoptotic rate than WT LSCs. These findings suggest that the suppression of apoptosis induced by STAP-1 mediates longer survival of LSCs. To further understand the effects of STAP-1, we performed a gene expression analysis using RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) and compared WT and STAP-1 KO CML LSCs. When canonical pathways were analyzed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, various pathways associated with inflammatory cytokines were observed to be regulated in STAP-1 KO CML LSCs. Changes in mRNA expression, including that of SOS1, SOS2, FOXO3, FASLG, NFKB2, and BCL-xL, indicated that the PTEN signaling pathway, known to play a tumor suppressive role in CML, was significantly activated by STAP-1 KO (p=1.096E-3, activation Z-score=2.611). The pathway related to JAK/STAT signaling was also affected (p=2.04E-5, activation Z-score=-3.286). Downstream genes in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, such as STAT5B and BCL-xL, were downregulated more than 2-fold in STAP-1 KO LSCs, suggesting that the deletion of STAP-1 inhibits the expression of STAT5-targeted anti-apoptotic protein and induced apoptosis of CML LSCs. To confirm the results of the RNA-seq experiment, an intracellular flow cytometric assay with CML Lin− cells was conducted. The frequency of cells positive for phosphorylated STAT5 was reduced for STAP-1 KO compared with that for WT. Quantitative PCR with CML LSCs confirmed the downregulation of BCL2 and BCL-xL, which are STAT5-targeted anti-apoptotic genes, in STAP-1 KO CML LSCs. In conclusion, we show that STAP-1 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of CML LSCs using a murine model of CML. STAP-1 deficiency results in the reduction of phosphorylated STAT5, downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes BCL-2 and BCL-xL, and induced apoptosis of CML LSCs. These findings suggest that STAP-1 and related signaling pathways could be potential therapeutic targets for CML LSCs. Disclosures Ichii: Celgene K.K.: Speakers Bureau; Kowa Pharmaceutical Co.,LTD.: Speakers Bureau; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Speakers Bureau. Shibayama:Fujimoto Pharmaceutical: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.,LTD.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene K.K.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jansen Pharmaceutical K.K: Honoraria; Ono Pharmaceutical Co.,LTD: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Mundipharma K.K.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Meyer Squibb K.K: Honoraria, Research Funding. Oritani:Novartis Pharma: Speakers Bureau. Kanakura:Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Murer, Lauren M., and Geoffrey A. Talmon. "Stromal Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential of the Prostate." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 138, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0212-rs.
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Stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) of the prostate is a rare tumor with a variable and unpredictable clinical course. Many STUMPs are diagnosed incidentally and never progress, while others may invade locally and rapidly recur after surgical intervention, and yet others may lead to distant metastasis and death. A wide array of histologic patterns is encompassed by STUMP, and distinguishing these tumors from prostatic stromal sarcoma or other causes of stromal expansion often proves difficult. Owing to the rarity of this tumor, there is not yet a consensus on appropriate management. However, owing to the possibility of aggressive behavior, close management and consideration of definitive resection is warranted.
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Hong, Jung Hwa, and Mu Seong Mun. "Relationship between socket pressure and EMG of two muscles in trans-femoral stumps during gait." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 29, no. 1 (April 2005): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640500116764.
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The biomechanical interaction between the leg stump and the prosthetic socket is critical in achieving close-to-normal ambulation. Although many investigations have been performed to understand the biomechanics of trans-tibial sockets, few studies have measured the socket interface pressure for trans-femoral amputees. Furthermore, no report has examined how the residual muscle activities in the trans-femoral stump affect the socket interface pressure characteristics during gait. In this study, an experimental method was developed to measure the trans-femoral socket interface pressures and EMG of muscles in the stumps of two trans-femoral amputees. Also, the measurement of three-dimensional prosthetic locomotion was synchronized to understand detailed socket biomechanics. Based on the experimental results, a significant correlation ( P 50.05) was found between the measured temporal EMG amplitude and the interface pressure at the knee flexor (biceps femoris) and extensor (rectus femoris). Therefore, the residual muscle activity of a trans-femoral amputee's stump could be an important factor affecting socket-interface pressure changes during ambulation.
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Calice, Ivana, and Attilio Rocchi. "Airway management for tracheal resection proximal to carina in a cat." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 3 (August 2019): e000874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000874.
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Tracheal tumours in cats are rare, and most primary tumours respond well to complete surgical excision. Providing secure airway management during resection of the trachea is particularly challenging and in some cases represents a limitation to surgery. We present the case of a cat with a primary tracheal neoplasm located close to the carina, undergoing complete resection. Successful management of the airway was accomplished by intubating the distal tracheal stump with a modified polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tube. Effective seal of the airway and adequate ventilation of both lungs were achieved. We describe a reliable, simple, low-cost technique which provides control of the airways even in situations where the distal stump of the trachea is either too short or non-existent.
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Black, Barbara Aronstein. "Massachusetts and the Judges: Judicial Independence in Perspective." Law and History Review 3, no. 1 (1985): 101–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743699.
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This is an essay about an incident that took place in the Province of Massachusetts Bay during the period 1772–1774, an incident that I will call the Affair of the Royal Salary. Close relative of the Stamp Act Crisis, The Boston Tea Party, even the Boston Massacre, the Affair of the Royal Salary similarly involved a clash between the forces of popular government and those of imperial government; like its better known cousins it is part of the story of the coming of the American Revolution in Massachusetts. In addition, since the Salary around which the Affair developed was intended for judges, the Affair of the Royal Salary is part of the history of judicial independence in Massachusetts.
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Salcedo, Diego Andres, and Karla Patriota Bronsztein. "A visibilidade e representação social das religiões nos selos postais brasileiros (The visibility and social representations of religions in Brazil postage stamps).DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n25p233." HORIZONTE - Revista de Estudos de Teologia e Ciências da Religião 10, no. 25 (March 22, 2012): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2175-5841.2012v10n25p233.
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Este trabalho analisa a forma com a qual o selo postal brasileiro contribuiu para a construção de representações da religião católica em relação a outras práticas religiosas. Foi considerado, para isso, a concepção deste artefato enquanto media, texto semiótico e sua estreita relação com o discurso religioso. O corpus é composto por selos postais comemorativos brasileiros emitidos durante o século XX. A sua identificação e análise foi feita a partir do catálogo RHM. Entre o ano de 1900 e 2000, os Correios emitiram 2354 selos postais do tipo comemorativo. A partir da observação e identificação de recorrências religiosas foram compilados 222 selos postais comemorativos. O estudo correlacionou a recorrente temática religiosa com o contexto histórico brasileiro, considerando o declínio do catolicismo como maioria religiosa no país e às representações das práticas religiosas nas mídias. A conclusão indica a influência da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil, junto ao Ministério das Comunicações e dos Correios do Brasil, consagrando e enaltecendo a visibilidade de personalidades, eventos e a práxis católica, como um discurso único e superior às demais práticas religiosas. AbstractThis paper analyses the way in which postal Brazilian stamps have contributed to the construction of representations of the catholic religion regarding other religious practices. In this sense, the conception of these stamps was taken into account as media, semioptical texts in close relation with the religious speech. The corpus is composed by postal commemorative Brazilian stamps issued during the twentieth century. The identification and analyzes of the stamps were made through RHM catalogue. Between the year of 1900 and 2000, the Brazilian post offices issued 2.354 commemorative postage stamps. From the observation and identification of religious recurrences 222 commemorative stamps were compiled. The study correlated the recurring religious theme with the historical Brazilian context, taking into account the decline of the Catholicism as the major religion in Brazil and also the representations of the religious practices in the media. The conclusion of this paper indicates the influence of the National Conference of the Bishops of Brazil regarding the Ministry of the Communications, establishing and enforcing the visibility of Brazilian personalities, events, and also of catholic practices taken as special and superior in comparison with other religious practices.Key-words: Brazil; Religion; Postage Stamps; Social Representation; Visibility.
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Kittle, Simon. "Grace and Free Will: Quiescence and Control." Journal of Analytic Theology 3 (May 4, 2015): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12978/jat.2015-3.180813100804.
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Stump and Timpe have recently proposed Thomistic based solutions to the traditional problem in Christian theology of how to relate grace and free will. By taking a closer look at the notion of control, I subject Timpe’s account – itself an extension of Stump’s account – to extended critique. I argue that the centrepiece of Timpe’s solution, his reliance on Dowe’s notion of quasi-causation, is misguided and irrelevant to the problem. As a result, Timpe’s account fails to avoid Semi-Pelagianism. I canvass two alternatives, each of which adheres to the broad theological assumptions made by Stump and Timpe, including the positing of only one “unique” grace. I conclude that each of these proposals fails, although I argue that one comes as close as it is possible to get to a solution given the assumptions made.
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Vitelli, Joseph, Barbara Madigan, Peter Wilkinson, and Peter van Haaren. "Calotrope (Calotropis procera) control." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07064.
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Calotrope [Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton] is an exotic shrub or small tree species that is currently invading the tropical savannahs of northern Australia. A chemical trial involving 11 herbicides and four application methods (foliar, basal bark, cut stump and soil applied) was undertaken to identify effective chemicals to control calotrope. Of the foliar herbicides tested, imazapyr provided 100% mortality at the rates applied, and the higher rate of metsulfuron-methyl killed 100% of the treated plants. The herbicides 2,4-D butyl ester, fluroxypyr, triclopyr and triclopyr/picloram killed greater than 80% of the plants when applied by a basal bark or cut stump (when cut 5 cm above ground level) method of application. Plants cut close to ground level (5 cm) were controlled more effectively than plants cut 20 cm above ground level. Chemical control (foliar and cut stump spraying) is a cost effective tool to treat calotrope densities <800 plants/ha. Adoption of pasture management practices that promote perennial grasses, in conjunction with strategic chemical control, would further increase the effectiveness and reduce the costs of controlling vast areas of this weed.
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Houston, Stephen D., and William R. Fowler. "Introduction." Ancient Mesoamerica 1, no. 2 (1990): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100000262.
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In this special section we celebrate an unusual kind of anniversary: the publication 50 years ago of Clyde Kluckhohn's “The Conceptual Structure in Middle American Studies” (Hay et al. 1940:41–51). With this short but powerful essay, Kluckhohn indicted Maya archaeology in general, and the massive program of research by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in particular, as something close to “stamp collecting” and the putterings of “slightly reformed antiquarians.” For better or worse, Kluckhohn hastened the demise of what was until that time the most broadly conceived and well executed research program in New World archaeology – the Carnegie's attempt to understand Maya civilization in both its earliest and latest expressions and from a large number of disciplinary perspectives.
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Bronk, Katarzyna. "“Much, I am Sure, Depends on You”: James Fordyce’s Lessons on Female Happiness and Perfection." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2013-0014.
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ABSTRACT Conduct literature written for women has had a long tradition in British culture. According to scholars, such as Ingrid H. Tague (2002), it circulated most widely during the eighteenth century because new ideals of proper feminine behaviour and conduct developed. The Scottish Presbyterian minister and poet, James Fordyce (1720-1796), very observant of the transformations in his society as well as advocating the need to reform moral manners, likewise created a set of sermons dedicated to young women of the second half of the eighteenth century. He is worthy of close study not only because his Sermons to Young Women constitute an important yet understudied contribution to the tradition of conduct writing, but also because he records and disseminates opinions on female perfection both as a man of the church as well as the representative of his sex, thus presenting a broad scope of the official gender ideology of the eighteenth century. The proposed article engages in a close reading of Fordyce's rules and regulations pertaining to proper femininity, pointing also to the tone of his published sermon-manual and the socio-techniques used for the sake of perpetuating his ideological precepts for women. As such, the article is to prove that this popular eighteenth-century preacher, whose work was even mentioned on the pages of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, not only offers a significant contribution to ongoing research on conduct manual tradition as well as on feminist re-readings of women’s history, but also adds more evidence to feminist claims of a purposeful campaign aimed at creating a selfaware and self-vigilant woman who almost consciously strives to become the object of masculine desire, and allegedly all for her own good.
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Gil Fuensanta, Jesús, Alfredo Mederos Martín, and Otabek Uktamovich Muminov. "On the Post-Ubaid stratigraphy and complex architecture of the Birecik Dam Area (Turkish Euphrates): Surtepe and Tilbes-Körche Late Chalcolithic 1 levels." Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología, no. 46 (December 17, 2020): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2020.46.001.
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During the Later Prehistory of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers and adjacent regions, a great cultural spread took place during the Late/Terminal Ubaid phases of Southern Mesopotamia. In the Northern Mesopotamian regions, it happened during the immediate pre-Late Chalcolithic phases. Excavations in Southeastern Turkey prove a continuity of Ubaid cultural traits at least during the earlier phases of the local Late Chalcolithic (LC1). Two archaeological sites, Surtepe and Tilbes-Körche, close to the Birecik Dam area (Turkish Euphrates) are presented and evaluated here. Surtepe höyük, a 8 ha Late Ubaid settlement that provided Coba bowls, has levels with painted pottery from the late Late Chalcolithic 1 or earlier LC 2 phases in an area of at least 4 hectares in south and southwestern slopes. The small site of Tilbes-Körche has probably a bigger inter-connected structure and no simple isolated buildings. Among the stone foundations we identify at least one tripartite premise with a surface over 90 m2 and two bipartite buildings. From the largest excavated unit (H3-H10) was recovered a stamp seal depicting a crosshatching motif and another token/stamp seal with 8 incised lines. Within LC1 or a transitional phase between it and LC2, the 18 % of the pottery found in the Tilbes-Körche buildings was painted and there is a huge abundance of unpainted bowls, which are about half the ceramic ensemble, many with traces of a wheel or slow-wheel, mass-produced bowls, various variants of LC1 flint scraped, and two that most resemble the so-called “flower pots”.
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Ankayarkanni, B., J. Albert Mayan, and J. Aruna. "Support Vector Machine for Effective Robust Visual Tracking." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 3571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8326.
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Protest following is the route toward confining the moving object from the video courses of action. Following is essentially a planning issue being referred to following. There exist innumerable after strategies with revealing accomplishment. Nevertheless, the testing issue in visual after is to deal with the appearance changes of target question in perspective of its flexible limit. Difficulties in consequent things can appear due to non-inflexible development, quick advancement, broad assortment of stance and scale, obstacle and buoys etc. One of the standard reason behind such frustrations is that, the unsuccessful picture portrayal designs of various figuring. In this paper, we show a visual after methodology using Support Vector Machine (SVM) close by various piece computation. The Expectation Maximization estimation relies upon the check and score regard and empower portrayal using SVM. In protest following, select which question is taken after picking by customer. By then that challenge parts are evacuated. In perspective of the cutting edge and establishment stamp is set. By then this stamp and segments are given to the SVM getting ready. We moreover consolidate an update intend to speak to address appearance change. Our tracker can manage hindrance and performs against existing visual after figuring in dealing with various conditions. Unique and quantitative evaluations over various testing show the engaged implementation of our following figuring. The spine is question following and strange state affirmation is proposed for single dissent following, in which the target characterization is viably seen in the midst of following.
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Saito, Hideaki, Michiko Ichii, Jun Toda, Yuichi Kitai, Ryuta Muromoto, Jun-ichi Kashiwakura, Kodai Saitoh, et al. "Signal Transducing Adaptor Protein (STAP) Family Accelerates Gut and Thymic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease in Murine Model." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112803.
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Abstract Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the most frequent complication and one of the major causes of non-relapse mortality. However, its pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. We cloned signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 as a c-fms binding protein from a fetal liver library in 2003. The family that contains STAP-1 and STAP-2 has a pleckstrin homology (PH) and Src-homology 2 (SH2)-like domains, suggesting that this adapter protein functions as an immune and inflammatory regulator. Indeed, STAP-2 regulates adhesion and chemotaxis in T cells (Sekine et al., J Immunol. 2009). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of STAP family in GVHD. First, we examined the expression of STAP-1 and STAP-2 mRNA in various human hematopoietic subsets, including CD34+ CD38- hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), CD34+ CD38+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), CD19+ CD27- naïve B cells, CD19+ CD27+ memory B cells, CD3+ CD4+ helper T-cells, and CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, using real-time PCR. As a result, STAP-1 and STAP-2 were expressed in lymphoid cells, as well as HSCs and HPCs. STAP-2 mRNA was highly expressed in T cells. Next, to investigate the role of STAPs in GVHD, we made an experimental murine model. To study the pathogenesis of immune reconstitution and tolerance after allo-HSCT, lethally irradiated BALB/c mice were injected with T and B cell-depleted bone marrow cells (5×106 cells) derived from syngeneic BALB/c or allogeneic C57BL/6 mice on day 0. Co-transplantation of splenocytes was not adapted in this model. Survival and clinical degree of GVHD were assessed by a scoring system that sums changes in 5 clinical parameters: body weight (BW) loss, posture, activity, fur texture, and skin integrity. Recipients transplanted from allogenic wild type (WT) C57BL/6 donor survived without suffering from severe GVHD symptoms, owing to development of immune tolerance against allogeneic antigens. However, compared to syngeneic transplanted mice, these recipients started to show gradual BW loss and GVHD score was increased approximately 28 days after allo-HSCT, indicating the existence of an allogeneic immune reaction. To evaluate the role of STAPs in GVHD, we generated transgenic mice (Tg) that overexpress STAP under the control of Em enhancer and Lck proximal promoter. The promoter could drive expression of the inserted cDNA in lymphoid lineage cells from the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) stage. When STAP-2 Tg marrow was used as a donor source, we found that the overall survival of STAP-2 Tg recipients was significantly lower than that of WT recipients (22.2% and 91.7%, respectively; p<0.001) on day 60. STAP-2 Tg recipients showed decreased BW and had a higher clinical GVHD score with statistical significance compared to control WT recipients. The overexpression of STAP-1 also exacerbated the severity of GVHD. At day 42, BW was decreased by 16.3% in WT recipients. In contrast, recipients of STAP-1 Tg and the STAP-2 Tg donor showed more severe BW loss along with diarrhea (23.3% and 29.8%, respectively). STAP-1 as well as STAP-2 Tg recipients showed significantly worsened GVHD scores, and this lasted until day 90 at the end of follow-up. In histologic examination of both STAP Tg recipients, inflammatory damages with lymphocyte infiltration were most notably observed in the colon. Interestingly, we found that thymus was atrophic or indistinguishable and the cortico-medullary junction disappeared. Moreover, compared to control WT recipients, the number of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the peripheral blood was significantly low in STAP-2 Tg recipients on day 60 (WT vs STAP-2 Tg; 44.0 /μL vs 18.2 /μL; p<0.05). In this study, we show that STAPs in reconstituted lymphocytes after allo-HSCT regulate the pathogenesis of GVHD. Our results suggest that STAP activation in lymphocytes during immune reconstitution accelerates gut and thymic GVHD. Severe thymic damage induced by STAP overexpression might contribute to impairment of immune tolerance such as a decreased number of Treg cells as well as dysfunction of thymic negative selection of host-reactive T cells after allo-HSCT, which is involved in persistence of GVHD. Future study should further elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms involved. Disclosures Ichii: Celgene K.K.: Speakers Bureau; Kowa Pharmaceutical Co.,LTD.: Speakers Bureau; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Speakers Bureau. Shibayama:Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.,LTD.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Mundipharma K.K.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jansen Pharmaceutical K.K: Honoraria; Ono Pharmaceutical Co.,LTD: Honoraria, Research Funding; Fujimoto Pharmaceutical: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Meyer Squibb K.K: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene K.K.: Honoraria, Research Funding. Oritani:Novartis Pharma: Speakers Bureau. Kanakura:Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Ichii, Michiko, Natsuko Fujita, Daisuke Okuzaki, Tetsuo Maeda, Yuichi Sekine, Shigeyuki Kon, Ryuta Muromoto, Kenji Oritani, Tadashi Matsuda, and Yuzuru Kanakura. "The Role of Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-2 in Early T Lymphopoiesis in Thymus." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.752.752.
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Abstract Immune cells show quick responses to infection. Many studies concerning cellular and humoral immunity have focused on the regulation of mature lymphocyte function. However, recent studies revealed that the early stage of hematopoiesis plays an important role in the immune system. In bone marrow, hematopoietic stem/ progenitors (HSPC) are targets of pathogen products and danger signals. After the exposure to Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide, the ligand of Toll-like receptor 4, hematopoietic stem cells enter cell-cycle and differentiate into myeloid lineage cells while B lymphopoiesis almost arrests. Little has been known how early T lymphopoiesis in thymus changes. Previously, we cloned signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) as a c-fms/M-CSFR interacting protein, and found STAP-2 in T lymphocytes or macrophages is crucial for immune responses. The function of STAP-2 is generally recognized under inflammatory condition, interacting with a variety of signaling or transcriptional molecules. We reported that STAP-2 binds to STAT5 for regulation of T cell proliferation, and in macrophages, STAP-2 combines with MyD88 and IκB kinase to activate NF-κB and enhances the production of IL-6 and TNFα. In this study, the effects of STAP-2 on early T progenitors were evaluated using gene-modified mice. All experimental procedures were conducted under specific pathogen-free conditions, according to protocols approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Osaka University. We first evaluated the expression level of STAP-2 in murine thymus with quantitative PCR. STAP-2 mRNA was ubiquitously observed all through T cell development, including the CD4- CD8- double-negative (DN) stage. To test the influences on T lymphopoiesis, we generated knock-out and transgenic mice (Tg) that are modified STAP-2 gene expression. In Tg mice, STAP-2 was overexpressed under the control of the Lck proximal promoter. The promoter could drive expression of the inserted cDNA in T lineage cells from the late of DN 2 stage (CD44+ CD25+). We found that thymus was significantly enlarged in Tg mice (46.7 ± 11.15 mg in WT vs 88.1 ± 25.2 mg in Tg), while the number of T lymphocytes in periphery was comparable to wild-type mice (WT). Results from flow cytometric analysis showed STAP-2 enhanced the percentages of DN2 and DN3 (CD44- CD25+) T progenitors, and the actual numbers of DN2, DN3, DN4 (CD44- CD25-) and CD4+ CD8+ double-positive subpopulations. There were no differences between control and knock-out mice in thymus and peripheral bloods. When Lin- Sca1+ cKitHigh HSPC derived from Tg mice were cultured with Delta-like 1-transduced OP9 stromal cells (OP9-DL1) under T cell generation condition, the development of DN4 cells was accelerated (26.9 ± 6.2 % in WT vs 35.2 ± 4.1 % in Tg). Co-cultures from Lin- CD44+ CD25- cKitHigh early T cell progenitors showed the same tendency. These results indicate that STAP-2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of T progenitors during DN3 to DN4 stage. To elucidate the signaling regulated by STAP-2, microarray experiment with DN3 T progenitors was conducted. The bioinformative approach with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed the canonical pathways related with IL-12 signaling, 4-1BB (CD137) signaling and helper T cell differentiation were significantly influenced. Interestingly, we found that STAP-2 affected the distribution of functional T lymphocytes. The ratio of helper CD4+ cells to suppressor CD8+cells in peripheral bloods was lower in Tg mice than that in WT. In summary, we found that STAP-2 regulates the early T lymphopoiesis in thymus. DN2 to DN4 stages of T progenitors increased in STAP-2 transgenic mice, and STAP-2 promoted the differentiation in vitro. Moreover, STAP-2 affected the cell decision in development to helper CD4+ cells or suppressor CD8+ cells. Our study indicates the up-regulation of STAP-2 under inflammatory condition might be crucial for immune response at the early stage of T lymphopoiesis. Further study would clarify the precise molecular mechanisms of the enhancement of T lymphopoiesis by STAP-2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kim, Sang, Maryna Khromava, Jeron Zerillo, George Silvay, and Adam I. Levine. "Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Tracheal Dehiscence Post–Tracheal Resection Surgery." Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 21, no. 4 (September 12, 2017): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253217730906.
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We present a case of a patient with complete tracheal dehiscence and multiple false passages after recent tracheal resection and anastomosis. Loss of tracheal continuity after disruption of anastomosis with distal stump retraction presents a unique anesthetic challenge given lack of access to the trachea and the need for adequate anesthesia and analgesia for surgical neck dissection. Traditional airway management, including awake fiberoptic intubation, intubation via direct laryngoscopy, needle cricothyrotomy, and awake tracheostomy are not viable options. Using total intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation, surgeons dissected the neck, retrieved the distal tracheal stump, repaired the trachea, and formalized the tracheostomy. We highlight the importance of recognizing the symptoms of a tracheal rupture, understanding the extreme limitation of securing the airway with traditional techniques, and discuss the alternative techniques including use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to avoid airway management. Awareness of increased mortality risk with tracheal reoperation and the significance of close communication between the anesthesiologists, the surgeons, and the patient is necessary for successful management.
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Ramos Poroes, Fabio, Romain Desmarchelier, and Stefan Bauer. "Atypical biceps-related complication of proximal humerus fracture leading to internal shoulder impingement due to tendon stump dislocation." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 2 (February 2020): e232124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232124.
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Non-displaced proximal humerus fractures are usually managed non-operatively despite of minor malalignment. Biceps tendon rupture due to attrition after malunion is rare around the proximal humerus. Rupture of the long head of biceps (LHB) tendon usually occurs inside the joint close to the origin at the labrum. Treatment is usually non-operative with good outcomes. We report a rare case of a 48-year-old female patient with persistent locking and internal impingement 8 months after a proximal humerus fracture with anterior angulation leading to extra-articular reversed LHB tendon rupture with intra-articular dislocation of the proximal stump. Interposition of the tendon (3.5 cm) between the glenoid and the humeral head was confirmed on MRI arthrogram. Arthroscopic proximal tenotomy and stump removal resulted in immediate relief with improved function (subjective shoulder value 95%; Constant Score: 96). False interpretation of symptoms as posttraumatic stiffness should be avoided by a thorough examination and complementary MRI arthrogram investigation.
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Paleru, Cristian, Ioan Cordoş, Olga Dănăilă, and Ciprian Bolca. "Transcervical Mediastinoscopic Closure of Left-Sided Postpneumonectomy Bronchial Stump Fistula." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 68, no. 06 (September 2, 2019): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695754.
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Introduction This article presents a series of patients on which the transcervical approach was used to close a left-sided postpneumonectomy fistula. Materials and Methods The series comprises nine patients with a left pneumonectomy performed for a tuberculosis-related suppurative disease in five cases and for lung cancer in the remaining four. This procedure can be performed under certain conditions, the most important one being the length of the bronchial stump, which should be at least 1 cm, ideally 1.5 cm. The transcervical stump closure was successfully achieved in all patients, having been more technically demanding in cancer cases with previous lymphadenectomy. The postpneumonectomy infected cavity was subsequently treated. Results The follow-up continued for at least 1 year; one individual from the cancer patients group died from an uncontrolled sepsis during the postoperative period, another one died 17 months later from metastatic cancer and two of them are alive, with no signs of neoplastic or infectious relapse 15 and 37 months, respectively, after the cervical procedure. One patient from the suppurative disease group had a relapse of the fistula 2 months after surgery, requiring additional surgical procedures to deal with this issue; all the other patients are alive, with no signs of recurrence. Conclusions The transcervical approach is a very suitable maneuver in selected patients with a bronchial stump at least 1 cm long, ideally 1.5 cm.
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Leow, M. E. L., A. K. Kour, W. K. M. Ng, and R. W. H. Pho. "Creating a model for fabricating a partial hand glove prosthesis using the realigned casts of the contralateral digits." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 23, no. 1 (April 1999): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649909071614.
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A method for creating a model for fabricating a partial hand glove prosthesis is described. The realigned casts of the corresponding digits of the contralateral uninjured hand were used to substitute for the lost digits on a cast of the stump. The technique allows an exact reproduction of the anatomical and fine surface details of the digits. It has the advantage of customisation, allowing a close match in the size, shape and surface characteristics of the prosthesis to that of the remaining digits of the hand.
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Ambroży, Paulina. "Wading through black jade in Marianne Moore’s sunken cathedral: The modernist sea poem as a Deleuzian fold." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0034.
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Abstract The study is a close reading of Moore’s poem “The Fish” (1918) through the conceptual lens of Gilles Deleuze’s trope of the fold, as explained in his influential 1988 study of Leibniz, The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. The purpose is to explore Moore’s (neo)baroque sensibility and her peculiar penchant for Baroque tropes, images and forms. The Deleuzian concept of the fold, with its rich epistemological implications and broad cultural applicability as the universal trope of crisis, change, unrest and transience, helps to comprehend Moore’s own philosophical and aesthetic concerns. The study, in accord with the interdiscursive character of the contemporary studies of modernism draws from art history, philosophy, theory, literature, and visual arts, to uncover a strong Baroque undercurrent in the poet’s polyphonic imagination. Seen in the light of Deleuze’s fold, Moore’s poem emerges as a quasi-Baroque ruin, a sunken cathedral-cum-graveyard, with a theatrical chiaroscuro lighting and folding and unfolding of sense, which both shelters and entombs the severely wounded modernist soul.
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Jucker, Andreas H. "Courtesy and Politeness in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 49, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0007.
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Abstract A close reading of three selected passages of the Middle English alliterative romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight provides a detailed picture of fictional and fairy-tale manifestations of courtly and polite behaviour in Middle English, a period that imported many new terms of courtesy and politeness from French. In the three passages Sir Gawain is visited in his bedchamber by the lady of the house, who tries to seduce him and thus puts him in a severe dilemma of having to be courteous to the lady and at the same time loyal to his host and to the code of chivalry. The analysis shows how Sir Gawain and the lady of the house engage in a discursive struggle of the true implications of courteous behaviour. It also shows how the two characters use nominal and pronominal terms of address to negotiate their respective positions of power, dominance and submission towards each other. And, finally, an analysis of requests reveals how the lady carefully selects appropriate strategies to reflect the severity of the imposition of her requests and her momentary standing in their discursive struggle.
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Tian, ZiJian, XiaoWei Gong, FangYuan He, JiaLuan He, and XuQi Wang. "Compressed sensing grid-based target stepwise location method in underground tunnel." Sensor Review 40, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2019-0303.
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Purpose To solve the problem that the traditional received signal strength indicator real-time location method does not test the attenuation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave transmission in the location area, which cannot guarantee the accuracy of the location, resulting in a large location error. Design/methodology/approach At present, the compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm can be roughly divided into the following two categories (Zhouzhou and Fubao, 2014; Lagunas et al., 2016): one is the greedy iterative algorithm proposed for combinatorial optimization problems, which includes matching pursuit algorithm (MP), positive cross matching tracking algorithm (OMP), greedy matching tracking algorithm, segmented orthogonal matching tracking algorithm (StOMP) and so on. The second kind is the convex optimization algorithm, which also called the optimization approximation method. The common method is the basic tracking algorithm, which uses the norm instead of the norm to solve the optimization problem. In this paper, based on the piecewise orthogonal MP algorithm, the improved StOMP reconstruction algorithm is obtained. Findings In this paper, the MP algorithm (OMP), the StOMP and the improved StOMP algorithm are used as simulation reconstruction algorithms to achieve the comparison of location performance. It can be seen that the estimated position of the target is very close to the original position of the target. It is concluded that the CS grid-based target stepwise location method in underground tunnel can accurately locate the target in such specific region. Originality/value In this paper, the offline fingerprint database in offline phase of location method is established and the measurement of the electromagnetic noise distribution in different localization areas is considered. Furthermore, the offline phase shares the work of the location process, which greatly reduces the algorithm complexity of the online phase location process and the power consumption of the reference node, meanwhile is easy to implement under the same conditions, as well as conforms to the location environment.
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Jo, Jeong Dai, Kwang Young Kim, Eung Sug Lee, and Masayoshi Esashi. "Fabrication of Organic Thin Film Transistor(OTFT) Array by Using Nanoprinting Process." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.385.
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The flexible organic thin film transistor(OTFT) array to use as a switching device for an organic light emitting diode(OLED) was designed and fabricated in the nanocontact printing and low-temperature process. The gate, source, and drain electrode patterns of OTFT were fabricated by nanocontact printing process. And dielectric layer of parylene and organic active semiconductor layer of pentacene formed at room temperature or at a temperature lower than 40. The nanocontact printing process using SAM and PDMS stamp made it possible to fabricate OTFT arrays with channel lengths down to even submicron size, and reduced the fabrication process by 10 steps compared with photolithography. Since the process was done in room temperature, there was no pattern shrinkage, transformation, and bending problem appeared. Also, it was possible to improve electric field mobility, to decrease contact resistance, to increase close packing of molecules by SAM, and to reduce threshold voltage by using a parylene.
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Pati, Sushmita. "The productive fuzziness of land documents: The state and processes of accumulation in urban villages of Delhi." Contributions to Indian Sociology 53, no. 2 (May 23, 2019): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966719836884.
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This article revolves around the fuzzy nature of land titles within and around the ‘ Lal Dora’ (literally, ‘red thread’) ringing the urban villages of Delhi to understand how property ownership gets mediated through documents. Through a close look at three kinds of documents—land records, a particular notification over construction in the Lal Dora region and the General Power of Attorney, it pries open how these documents govern property relations today. As much as records and laws become the means through which the state attempts to intervene, disaggregate and make sense of property regimes, these attempts are frustrated through practices pertaining to property and localised bureaucratic effects. The evidence presented as documents, stamp papers or certificates is only superimposed on the larger field of property relationships in the urban villages of Delhi. The article shows that the informality produced by inconsistencies in these documents plugs into the logic of accumulation and comes through as a dynamic albeit inegalitarian force that challenges state power.
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Anokhina, E. А., and А. V. Timoshenko. "SYNTHESIS OF THE THERMALLY COUPLED DISTILLATION SEQUENCES." Fine Chemical Technologies 12, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-6-46-70.
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Approaching a hypothetical thermodynamically reversible process is one of the main directions of energy saving in distillation. In practice, this is achieved by the use of systems with coupled thermal and material flows (STMP). Such systems have long been used in the separation of zeotropic mixtures. As follows from the analysis of literature data, they save energy costs by up to 30%. Recently, it has been revealed that the use of such systems is possible, expedient and energetically advantageous for separating the close-boiling and azeotropic mixtures by extractive distillation (ED). The article considers the main approaches to the synthesis of distillation schemes, including systems with STMP: 1) a method based on the construction of a "superstructure"; 2) a method based on the concept of thermodynamically equivalent configurations; 3) an evolutionary algorithm; 4) a method based on the transformation of distillation scheme graphs. As the analysis of the literature has shown, the first three methods are sufficiently well developed only for the synthesis of distillation schemes with STMP to separate zeotropic mixtures. There are a relatively small number of publications that consider the generation of ED schemes with STMP based on the concept of thermodynamically equivalent configurations for distillation of specific binary mixtures. The only current system approach to the synthesis of ED schemes with coupled thermal and material flows for multicomponent mixtures is the method of graphs (algorithm 4). At present, the first step has been taken to implement it in the form of a computer program. Thus, the article presents the current state of the problem of synthesizing highly effective, energy-saving distillation technologies, including extractive distillation, based on the analysis of publications over the past 20-25 years.
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Hanssen, Ken R. "“Behold, and Say ‘Tis Well”: The Redemptive Moment in Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2018-0005.
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Abstract In Shakespeare’s romance The Winter’s Tale there is a fundamental sense of mutability imposed by the passage of time. Things come into being and they pass into oblivion; sorrow glazed over by prayers for grace, joy tempered by the remembrance of loss. Within a complex time-scheme of past, present, and future, joy and sorrow remain inextricably entwined, and this is what lends this most melancholy play such a profound emotional intensity. Youth, beauty, happiness; these qualities remain evanescent at the somber close of the play. Tragedy is not purged by laughter, there are no traces of escapism; the awareness of the reality of time, of the inexorable moral responsibility for losses beyond recovery, is what makes the graces received all the more keenly felt, more wondrous. This sense of wonder arises from an elaborate resurrection scene in which, simultaneously cold and warm, at once eternal and ephemeral, Hermione’s marble, the finest symbol of the romance conception of time, is wooed into being. Exploring the structural function of time in the play and its relation to this redemptive moment, in which Hermione’s body comes to represent a translation into human terms of a Neoplatonic idea of cosmic order, reveals how the play, beyond offering an idle meditation on art and nature, articulates a profoundly moral vision of existence, and will supply a useful framework for further critical investigations of both the play itself and Shakespearean romance as a whole.
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Cornec, Jean-Pierre. "Étude ultrastructurale des bourgeons de régénération mis en place après amputation de la ventouse postérieure chez l'hirudinée rhynchobdelle adulte Helobdella stagnalis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-045.
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Tissue behaviour in the rhynchobdellid hirudinean, Helobdella stagnalis, was studied at the ultrastructural level between 8 and 18 days after amputation of the posterior sucker. Ultrastructural transformations of the regenerative buds progress in a sequential mode. They are successively characterized by nerve fiber regeneration, differentiation of the adhesive sole, and muscular and conjonctive tissues reconstitution with cells provided by the stump. Adhesive sole differentiation involves, first, the basal cells, which occurs without previous dedifferentiation, then the sensory receptors and, lastly, the glandular cells. Some basal epidermal cells are at the origin of the mucus glandular cells. The piriform and tubular phenotypes must be considered as successive maturation stages of the same clone. The conjunctive extracellular matrix probably plays a primordial role in the differentiation of the specific tubular glands of the adhesive sole.
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Agro, Lauren, Brian Bryska, and Rickey Yada. "Recombinant expression and characterization of Solanum tuberosum aspartic protease." SURG Journal 3, no. 1 (October 19, 2009): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v3i1.1032.
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Unique to aspartic proteinases from plants are the presence of approximately 100 amino acid regions, which are usually excised during activation of the zymogen. These sequences are termed ‘Plant-Specific Inserts’ and are implicated in membrane interactions of their parent enzymes, including vacuolar targeting and host defense. The need to further characterize the structure-function rol (s) of plant-specific inserts stimulated the current study of the characterization of Solanum tuberosum AP (StAP). Recombinant expression of wild-type StAP resulted in the 54 kDa protein being visualized by SDS-PAGE analysis with a protein yield of 0.03%. A protein purification factor could not be established since activation of the protein at pH 2.2, 3.0, 3.7 and 5.5 was not achieved as evidenced by a lack of change in band patterns on SDS-PAGE as well as acidification and hemoglobin degradation assays. To potentially improve enzyme folding and activation ability, two mutants, (1) lacking the pre-signal sequence and (2) lacking both the signal sequence and the prosegment, were designed, sub-cloned, and expressed. Both products proved to be insoluble and inactive. New constructs were designed for the expression of StAP inclusion bodies for insoluble expression and subsequent re-folding of the protein. Additionally, CysAla mutations for each PSI Cys residue were made to investigate the rol (s) of plant-specific insert disulfide bonds in plant aspartic proteinase enzyme folding and structure. All PSI cysteine mutations (eight mutants) were successfully created using QuickChange MutagenesisTM
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Matsui, Yoichi, Sou Yamaki, Tomohisa Yamamoto, Morihiko Isizaki, Kosuke Matsui, Hiroaki Yanagimoto, Hideyoshi Toyokawa, Masaki Kaibori, Sohei Satoi, and A.-Hon Kwon. "Absence of Cystic Duct Leakage Using Locking Clips in 1017 Cases of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." American Surgeon 78, no. 11 (November 2012): 1228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481207801130.
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Cystic duct leakage with metal clips persists after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of the study is to evaluate the preventive effect of locking clips on leaks from the cystic duct stump after LC as an alternative to metal clips. Locking clips were routinely used to close the cystic duct in LC. A total of 1101 patients who underwent LC were retrospectively assessed from a database of the surgical department at our university hospital. A main outcome measurement is bile leakage after LC. From January 2006 to April 2011, 1053 LCs were performed. Of these, the cystic duct was closed with locking clips in 1017 cases, and no bile leaks from the cystic duct were observed in any of these 1017 cases. Locking clips should be routinely used to close the cystic duct in preference to metallic clips to reduce postoperative bile leaks after LC.
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Affeldt, Stefanie. "The Burden of ‘White’ Sugar: Producing and Consuming Whiteness in Australia." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0020.
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Abstract This article investigates the history of the Queensland cane sugar industry and its cultural and political relations. It explores the way the sugar industry was transformed from an enterprise drawing on the traditional plantation crop cultivated by an unfree labour force and employing workers into an industry that was an important, symbolical element of ‘White Australia’ that was firmly grounded in the cultural, political, nationalist, and racist reasoning of the day. The demographic and social changes drew their incitement and legitimation from the ‘White Australia’ culture that was represented in all social strata. Australia was geographically remote but culturally close to the mother country and was assigned a special position as a lone outpost of Western culture. This was aggravated by scenarios of allegedly imminent invasions by the surrounding Asian powers, which further urged cane sugar’s transformation from a ‘black’ to a ‘white man’s industry’. As a result, during the sugar strikes of the early 20th century, the white Australian sugar workers were able to emphasize their ‘whiteness’ to press for improvements in wages and working conditions. Despite being a matter of constant discussion, the public acceptance of the ‘white sugar campaign’ was reflected by the high consumption of sugar. Moreover, the industry was lauded for its global uniqueness and its significance to the Australian nation. Eventually, the ‘burden’ of ‘white sugar’ was a monetary, but even more so moral support of an industry that was supposed to provide a solution to population politics, support the national defence, and symbolize the technological advancement and durability of the ‘white race’ in a time of crisis.
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Gu, Yikun, Dapeng Yang, Luke Osborn, Daniel Candrea, Hong Liu, and Nitish Thakor. "An adaptive socket with auto-adjusting air bladders for interfacing transhumeral prosthesis: A pilot study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, no. 8 (June 5, 2019): 812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919853960.
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Comfort is a critical aspect in the application of wearable device, such as rehabilitation robots and upper limb prostheses. As a physical interface between human body and prosthetic limb, the socket and its comfort largely contribute to the user’s acceptance. Traditional sockets are static, lacking dynamic adjustment mechanism for the contact pressure. To ensure a reliable suspension during daily activities, the socket is usually designed to be tightly attached, with a large stress, on the residual limb, which may introduce considerable discomfort during long-term use. In this article, we present a novel adaptive transhumeral socket, in which we employ four independent bladders contacting with the stump. Not only can these bladders provide a necessary suspension for the device but also form an air cushion (soft body) that helps relieve the pressure concentration between the biological body and physical prosthesis. In real time, this adaptive socket continuously monitors the limb posture, the operating load, and the contacting pressure between the socket and the limb, and then dynamically adjusts the clamping force to ensure a reliable attachment during various daily activities. Since well adapting to the contours of the stump, the bladders can effectively accommodate the volume change of the stump, making a balanced load distribution on load-tolerant areas. Through modeling and numerical analysis, we established a dynamic strategy for estimating the external load and an automatic scheme for adjusting the bladders’ air pressure. Finally, a close-loop control was constructed based on the contact pressure measured by our self-developed force sensors. Our preliminary experiments on one normal (i.e. non-amputee) subject verified the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that the adaptive socket can considerably reduce the socket–limb contact pressure while sustaining a secure suspension on the upper arm.
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Semrau, Janusz. "Hawthorne’s Perspectival Perversity: What if “Wakefield” Were (About) a Woman?; or, Credo Quia Absurdum." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 48, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 45–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2013-0003.
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Abstract Although “Wakefield” opens as a leisurely mnemonic act, it turns into an intensely emotional affair. However, the stance of moral indignation and, indeed, condemnation adopted in many readings of this classic tale seems to be a monological trap, an interpretive ride along Einbahnstrasse. The present close re-reading draws on the combined appreciation of perversity as (i) formal figuration in which the bearings of the original are reversed, (ii) attitudinal disposition to proceed against the weight of evidence (the so-called ‘being stubborn in error’). Building on this logic, the paper offers a transcriptive anti-type response to Hawthorne’s title. It is meant as a detour of understanding and a reclamation of a seemingly obvious relational and denotative proposition. Inasmuch as “Wakefield” is a distinctive rhetorical performance, foundationally a story about story-telling, its title can be naturalized as identifying the story-teller. Even if this does not come across as lucius ordo, it is argued that the order of reappropriative and be-longing signification is that of Mrs. rather than - as is commonly believed - that of Mr. Wakefield. Informed by object permanence and a peculiar looking bias, “Wakefield” proves to be her-tale rather than his-story. As a secret sharer and a would be-speaking gaze, the wife turns out to be a structural and existential pivot of the narrative. More broadly, Mrs. Wakefield can be appreciated as coarticulator of a ventriloquistic logos and choreographer of a telescopic parallactic vision. Unintentional challenge to both the heresy of paraphrase and the aesthetics of astonishment, this is ultimately to proffer a radical Shakespearean/Kantian re-cognition that in certain spheres there obtains nothing absolutely ‘moral’ or ‘immoral’, and it is only a particular perspectival discourse that may make it so.