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Journal articles on the topic 'Cloning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ni’am, Syamsun. "Kloning di mata moral agama: Kajian kritis atas hokum islam." Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 10, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v10i1.1-16.

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Cloning is a new phenomenon. As a new phenomenon, it always causes controversy. The controversy does not only occur amang moralists (either islam, jewish, Christianity, or other religion in the world). For scientists, the success of clonig is the achievement of scientific development. While for moralists and religionists and religionists, the success of cloning is a dangerous phenomenon for people in the future thus, moral principles, humanity, honesty, and course, religious law and social ethics must constantly bicom basic consideration in responding cloning phenomenon, in order not to neglec

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2

Chambers, Jean E. "Response to “Entitlement to Cloning” by Timothy Murphy (CQ Vol 8, No 3) and “Cloning and Infertility” by Carson Strong (CQ Vol 7, No 3)." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 10, no. 2 (2001): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180101002110.

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Carson Strong argues, in “Cloning and Infertility,” that if cloning of humans by somatic cell nuclear transfer were to become a safe procedure, then infertile couples should have access to it as a last resort. He lists six reasons such couples might desire genetically related children. Of these, two are relevant to justifying their access to cloning—namely, that they want to jointly participate in the creation of a person, and that having a genetically related child would constitute an affirmation of their mutual love. According to Strong, these reasons justify at least some infertile couples'

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3

WILSON, William. "Cloning and Cloning Technologies." Louvain Studies 24, no. 1 (1999): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ls.24.1.542134.

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4

Hall, Michael N. "Yeast cloning book cloning." Trends in Cell Biology 6, no. 2 (1996): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8924(96)81023-3.

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5

Kelly, Robert. "Cloning: On human cloning." Nature Biotechnology 16, no. 9 (1998): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0998-798.

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6

Hodges, John. "Editorial: Cloning sheep — Cloning people?" Livestock Production Science 49, no. 1 (1997): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(97)90028-2.

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7

YU, YANG, and LIU YE. "PROPOSAL FOR A GENERAL QUANTUM CLONING MACHINE VIA DISTANT QUBITS IN A QUANTUM NETWORK." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 23 (2013): 1350154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213501543.

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We propose a scheme for implementing a general quantum cloning machine with distant qubits. By regulating some times and phases, we can easily realize almost all kinds of quantum cloning machines (optimal phase-covariant cloning, optimal universal quantum cloning, optimal economical phase-covariant cloning and optimal real state cloning). The quantum cloning machine may have important applications in quantum cryptography for quantum network.

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8

KIM, Sang-deug. "Ethical Issues Involved in the Development of Medicine: Human Cloning." Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 2, no. 1 (1999): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.1999.2.1.189.

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In this article, I inquire into ethical problems in cloning through somatic cell transfer. Cloning is divided into two ; animal cloning and human cloning. Animal cloning, combined with genetics, is useful in producing transgenic food or remedying human diseases. It can exert a negative influence upon ecological system. For it can destroy genetic diversity in nature and bring a new species into nature. However, this is a practical objection. Ethical objections to animal cloning are grounded on animal rights and the order of nature. That is, animal cloning violates animal rights to life and is c

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9

Gibbons, Keith. "Cloning." American Biology Teacher 61, no. 5 (1999): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4450705.

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10

Murdoch, Alison. "Cloning." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 9, no. 3 (2007): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.9.3.177.27338.

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11

Nevin, Norman C., and Lesley Regan. "Cloning." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2, no. 3 (2000): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.2000.2.3.33.

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12

Wicaksana, I. Putu Adi Wardana, I. Wayan Suweca, and Agustinus Sani Aryanto. "CLONING." MELODIOUS : JOURNAL OF MUSIC 1, no. 1 (2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59997/melodious.v1i1.1858.

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Musik merupakan suatu hasil karya seni berupa bunyi dalam bentuk lagu atau komposisi yang mengungkapkan pikiran dan perasaan penciptanya melalui unsur-unsur pokok musik yaitu irama, melodi, harmoni, dan bentuk atau struktur lagu serta ekspresi sebagai suatu kesatuan. Musik itu sendiri tercipta karena adanya proses kreativitas dari penciptanya, yang meliputi aspek pengalaman, sumber refrensi ataupun jurnal ilmiah. Dalam proses menciptakan suatu komposisi musik, tentunya harus ada pemilihan ide dan konsep yang jelas. Kata cloning menginspirasi ide, konsep dan judul ke dalam karya ini. Kloning se

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13

Teh, Nicholas J. "On classical cloning and no-cloning." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 43, no. 1 (2012): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2011.11.005.

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14

Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Cloning in Plasmid Vectors: Directional Cloning." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2020, no. 11 (2020): pdb.prot101238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101238.

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15

Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Cloning Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products: TOPO TA Cloning." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2021, no. 9 (2021): pdb.prot101311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101311.

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This protocol describes the use of TOPO-activated TA vectors for cloning. Manufacturers of cloning kits provide excellent manuals that explain in detail what to do and why to do it. This makes TOPO cloning easy, but not foolproof. When setting up TOPO cloning for the first time, set up a trial experiment as described here.

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16

Sulaiman, Wan Nurainun Najwa, and Muh Endriyo Susila. "Legal Scope of Human Cloning: Comparative Analysis Between the United Kingdom and France." Yuridika 38, no. 1 (2023): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v38i1.38773.

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"Reproductive" cloning and "therapeutic" or "research" cloning are both deliberate attempts to create humans that are genetically identical. Human reproductive cloning in general is prohibited by a number of international and regional agreements, including the Charter of Fukushima, the Additional Protocol of the Council of Europe to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, the World Health Organization resolutions on the implications of cloning for human health, and the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights. However, there are some countries that want to explore the

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17

STRONG, CARSON. "Cloning and Infertility." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7, no. 3 (1998): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180198703093.

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Although there are important moral arguments against cloning human beings, it has been suggested that there might be exceptional cases in which cloning humans would be ethically permissible. One type of supposed exceptional case involves infertile couples who want to have children by cloning. This paper explores whether cloning would be ethically permissible in infertility cases and the separate question of whether we should have a policy allowing cloning in such cases. One caveat should be stated at the beginning, however. After the cloning of a sheep in Scotland, scientists pointed out that

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18

Lebedeva, Olena, Alla Kobozeva, and Viktoriya Zorilo. "Accuracy improvement of cloning area detection." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet. Pratsi, no. 3 (December 23, 2016): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.3.50.2016.09.

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19

Stabile, Bonnie. "Demographic profile of states with human cloning laws: Morality policy, meets political economy." Politics and the Life Sciences 26, no. 1 (2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/26_1_43.

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This analysis seeks to identify factors that may shape the policy stance — whether restrictive or permissive — that each state in the United States with a human cloning law in place takes toward human therapeutic cloning. The investigation also considers if cloning policy is more the product of morality politics or political economy. Results show that among states with human cloning policies in place, those with a greater biotechnological capacity, more permissive abortion laws, fewer Evangelical Protestants, and higher political liberalism rankings are more likely to have permissive cloning l

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20

Zhang, Xingli, Chong Teng, Kaidi Lyu, Shanhua Lyu, and Yinglun Fan. "‘Two in One’ Cloning Vector Applied for Blunt-End and T-A Cloning with One-Step Digestion–Ligation and Screening of Positive Recombinants by Unaided Eyes." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 47, no. 1 (2024): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47010017.

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To clone DNA sequences quickly and precisely into plasmids is essential for molecular biology studies. Some cloning vectors have been developed for the cloning of PCR products, including blunt-end and T-A cloning. However, different plasmids are required for the cloning of PCR products with blunt ends and 3′ A overhang ends. Here, a novel cloning vector, pYFRed, which is based on the pUC19 backbone, has emerged and can be applied in both blunt-end and T-A cloning. PCR products can be cloned into the pYFRed by a one-step digestion–ligation reaction in a tube. The endonuclease recognition sequen

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21

Mohammadi, Ali. "Human Cloning and Ethical Principles for Research Involving Human Subjects." Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 12, no. 1 (2019): 196–209. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3538849.

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Scientific research as well as a lot of social and individual effects for human beings has caused many moral problems. The prospect of children building through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or human cloning has caused widespread moral concerns around the world. Accordingly, various reports and regulations have been published at the national and international levels that address the ethical principles for research involving human subjects. In this regard, the Belmont report is of particular importance, in which three fundamental principles of human research have been taken into consider

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22

Susanto, Ryan. "Customer and Developers Point of Views to Game Cloning." SISFORMA 1, no. 2 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/sisforma.v1i2.396.

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Game Cloning is an action of cloning games. This non-ethical action reaps many controversial matters from game customer and developer in game industry. As a result, this action is considered a wrongdoing. However, but not all cases of game cloning are wrong. Many recent games have been rooted from game cloning. In case of game cloning, game developers do not commit something illegal or immoral since they revamp and complement the games they imitate

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23

Li, Na, and Liu Ye. "Realizing various approximate quantum cloning with XY-type exchange interactions of flux qubits." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 14 (2014): 1450081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214500817.

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In this paper, we realize all kinds of 1 → 2 approximate quantum cloning, including optimal 1 → 2 symmetric (or asymmetric) universal quantum cloning (UQC) and phase-covariant cloning (PCC), symmetric economical phase-covariant cloning (EPCC) and real state quantum cloning, with the XY-type exchange interactions of the flux qubits which are coupled by dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). It is shown that our schemes can be realized with the current experimental technology.

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24

Karin, Norman J. "Cloning of Transfected Cells without Cloning Rings." BioTechniques 27, no. 4 (1999): 681–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/99274bm10.

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25

Hartley, James L. "The cloning revolution: DNA cloning and biochemistry." Biochemist 29, no. 5 (2007): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02905012.

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According to the online reference source Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org), biochemistry is “the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules.” It seems appropriate to start with a definition from the World Wide Web, which has changed information retrieval as much as DNA cloning has changed biochemistry. Here I attempt to provide some perspectives on that transformation.

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26

Pattinson, S. D. "Reproductive Cloning: Can Cloning Harm the Clone?" Medical Law Review 10, no. 3 (2002): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/10.3.295.

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27

Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Cloning in Plasmid Vectors: Blunt-End Cloning." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2020, no. 11 (2020): pdb.prot101246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101246.

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28

Aldea, Martí, and Sidney R. Kushner. "CLONING: a microcomputer program for cloning simulations." Gene 65, no. 1 (1988): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90422-2.

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29

Dinç, Leyla. "Ethical Issues Regarding Human Cloning: a nursing perspective." Nursing Ethics 10, no. 3 (2003): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733003ne603oa.

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Advances in cloning technology and successful cloning experiments in animals have raised concerns about the possibility of human cloning in recent years. Despite many objections, this is not only a possibility but also a reality. Human cloning is a scientific revolution. However, it also introduces the potential for physical and psychosocial harm to human beings. From this point of view, it raises profound ethical, social and health related concerns. Human cloning would have an impact on the practice of nursing because it could result in the creation of new physiological and psychosocial condi

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30

Akram, Muhammad, Isaac John Umaru, Nosheen Aslam, et al. "Cloning in Plants and Animals: Divergent Pathways and Ethical Boundaries in Biotechnology." African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research 2, no. 2 (2025): 278–85. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6140.

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The creation of genetically identical creatures by cloning is essential to contemporary biotechnology, agriculture, and medical research. Although the basic idea of cloning is the same in all kingdoms, there are substantial differences between plants and animals in terms of its use, effectiveness, and moral consequences. Cloning is a common, natural occurrence in plants and is frequently accomplished using asexual reproduction procedures such as tissue culture, grafting, and vegetative propagation. Because plant cells are highly totipotent, practically any somatic cell may grow again into a wh

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31

Hwang, Insung, Yeon Woo Jeong, Joung Joo Kim, et al. "Successful cloning of coyotes through interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer using domestic dog oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 8 (2013): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12256.

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Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is an emerging assisted reproductive technology (ART) for preserving Nature’s diversity. The scarcity of oocytes from some species makes utilisation of readily available oocytes inevitable. In the present study, we describe the successful cloning of coyotes (Canis latrans) through iSCNT using oocytes from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris or dingo). Transfer of 320 interspecies-reconstructed embryos into 22 domestic dog recipients resulted in six pregnancies, from which eight viable offspring were delivered. Fusion rate and cloning efficie

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32

Lyngved, Ragnhild. "Learning about cloning: developing student knowledge and interest through an interactive, context-based approach." Nordic Studies in Science Education 5, no. 2 (2012): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.347.

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Addressing controversial issues in the science classroom demands that students understand the societal aspects of scientific research. A context-based digital teaching unit, “Cloning plants”, was designed in order to introduce cloning. The present study analyses students’ learning outcomes and the development of their interest in biology from using the unit. The study was conducted among Norwegian biology students aged 17-18. A pretest and posttest design with individual questionnaires and group interviews was chosen. The study shows that use of the unit resulted in a more nuanced understandin

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33

Li, Ji Gang, Guo Ying Han, Xiu Min Li, Jiao Jiao Sun, Ke Jing Song, and Ting Zhang. "Improvement of TA Cloning Method to Facilitate Direct Directional Cloning of PCR Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.3.

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Directional cloning is a prerequisite for the construction of expression vectors in molecular biology laboratories. Although TA cloning is widely used to clone unmodified PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products, a major disadvantage of this technique is that cloning is not directional. Here we reported a novel PCR products cloning vector with one deoxythymidine overhang and one deoxycytidine overhang at two 3'-ends respectively. With the choice of nucleotides of 5'-ends of PCR primers, PCR products can be cloned to this vector both directly and directionally. The feasibility and efficacy of t

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34

Alathamneh, Ghedaa. "Human cloning in the light of the Islamic Jurisprudence." Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies 19, no. 4 (2023): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59759/jjis.v19i4.277.

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This research provides a jurisprudential study of human cloning, exploring its concept, types, underlying motivations, and the Islamic perspective on it based on the underlying reasons. The study reveals several key findings: Firstly, human cloning is driven by various motives. Second, asexual human cloning, accomplished using an ovum and a somatic cell, is prohibited if its aim is population increase or species enhancement. Third, human cloning, in both forms, is allowed for therapeutic stem cell purposes and cell replacement. Finally, sexual human cloning is permissible for obtaining multipl

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35

Ferraro, Alessandro, and Matteo G. A. Paris. "Joint Measurements on Qubits and Cloning of Observables." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 14, no. 02 (2007): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11080-007-9043-5.

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Cloning of observables, unlike standard cloning of states, aims at copying the information encoded in the statistics of a class of observables rather then on quantum states themselves. In such a process the emphasis is on the quantum operation (evolution plus measurement) necessary to retrieve the original information. We analyze, for qubit systems, the cloning of a class generated by two noncommuting observables, elucidating the relationship between such a process and joint measurements. This helps in establishing an optimality criterion for cloning of observables. We see that, even if the cl

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36

Elkind, Edith, Piotr Faliszewski, and Arkadii Slinko. "Cloning in Elections." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (2010): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7606.

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We consider the problem of manipulating elections via cloning candidates. In our model, a manipulator can replace each candidate c by one or more clones, i.e., new candidates that are so similar to c that each voter simply replaces c in his vote with the block of c's clones. The outcome of the resulting election may then depend on how each voter orders the clones within the block. We formalize what it means for a cloning manipulation to be successful (which turns out to be a surprisingly delicate issue), and, for a number of prominent voting rules, characterize the preference profiles for whic

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37

Khan S. A, Kulsum. "High-Dimensiоnаl Quаntum Сlоning". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, № VII (2021): 1635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36696.

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Tries at cloning a quantum tool result in the arrival of imperfections in the nation of the copies. this is a outcome of the no-cloning theorem, that is a vital law of quantum physics and the spine of protection for quantum communications. in spite of the reality that ideal copies are prohibited, a quantum country may be copied with maximal accuracy through severa most top notch cloning schemes. maximum beneficial quantum cloning, which lies at the border of the bodily restrict imposed by way of the no-signaling theorem and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, has been experimentally found ou

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38

Novak, Ben J., Stewart Brand, Ryan Phelan, Sasha Plichta, Oliver A. Ryder, and Robert J. Wiese. "Towards Practical Conservation Cloning: Understanding the Dichotomy Between the Histories of Commercial and Conservation Cloning." Animals 15, no. 7 (2025): 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070989.

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Over 40 years ago, scientists imagined ways cloning could aid conservation of threatened taxa. The cloning of Dolly the sheep from adult somatic cells in 1996 was the breakthrough that finally enabled the conservation potential of the technology. Until the 2020s, conservation cloning research efforts yielded no management applications, leading many to believe cloning is not yet an effective conservation tool. In strong contrast, domestic taxa are cloned routinely for scientific and commercial purposes. In this review, we sought to understand the reasons for these divergent trends. We scoured p

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39

Strong, Carson. "Response to “May a Woman Clone Herself?” by Jean E. Chambers (CQ Vol 10, No 2) and “Entitlement to Cloning” by Timothy F. Murphy (CQ Vol 8, No 3)." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 11, no. 1 (2002): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180102001123.

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Jean E. Chambers and Timothy F. Murphy responded to my article “Cloning and Infertility” and extended the debate over human cloning in interesting ways. I had argued that none of the objections to cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer are successful in the context of infertile couples who use cloning to have genetically related children, assuming the issue of safety is overcome by scientific advances.

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40

Lostaglio, Matteo, and Gabriel Senno. "Contextual advantage for state-dependent cloning." Quantum 4 (April 27, 2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-04-27-258.

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A number of noncontextual models exist which reproduce different subsets of quantum theory and admit a no-cloning theorem. Therefore, if one chooses noncontextuality as one's notion of classicality, no-cloning cannot be regarded as a nonclassical phenomenon. In this work, however, we show that there are aspects of the phenomenology of quantum state cloning which are indeed nonclassical according to this principle. Specifically, we focus on the task of state-dependent cloning and prove that the optimal cloning fidelity predicted by quantum theory cannot be explained by any noncontextual model.

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41

Tusmatov, Shokhrukh Rasuljon ugli. "CLONING WILL LEAD TO A LACK OF DIVERSITY IN THE HUMAN POPULATION." ActaCAMU 4, no. 4 (2023): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10430103.

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<strong><em>Tusmatov Shokhrukh Rasuljon </em></strong><strong><em>ugli</em></strong> <em>Teacher of foreign language in medicine</em> <em>Central Asian Medical University</em> <em>shoxruxtusmatov4@gmail.com</em><strong><em> </em></strong>   <strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>The cloning of “Dolly” the sheep in 1997 generated worldwide reaction. The United States imposed a suspension on human cloning and a ban on federal funding for cloning research, which will be reviewed every five years. The European Parliament, the Council of Europe, UNESCO, and the World Health Organi

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42

Darwin Sibarani. "Tinjauan Etis terhadap Rekayasa Genetika dalam Kajian Human Cloning." Lumen: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katekese dan Pastoral 3, no. 2 (2024): 155–68. https://doi.org/10.55606/lumen.v3i2.469.

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Biotechnology has brought extraordinary advances in health, agriculture, and scientific research, but it has also raised complex ethical challenges, especially in human cloning technology. In the context of biotechnology, cloning refers to the creation of a genetic copy of an organism, and although animal cloning has been successfully carried out for research purposes and increasing agricultural yields, human cloning remains a controversial issue. Ethically, human cloning raises a number of questions regarding human rights, identity, and the potential misuse of this technology for unethical pu

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43

Willgoos, Christine. "FDA Regulation: An Answer to the Questions of Human Cloning and Germline Gene Therapy." American Journal of Law & Medicine 27, no. 1 (2001): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800011175.

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The possibility of cloning human beings, although widely contemplated for several decades, became scientifically feasible in 1997 when the first mammal created through cloning procedures was born. Although the scientists who created the sheep named Dolly did not intend to apply cloning techniques to human beings, news media worldwide began predicting such an application.In the United States, public and political outcry against the possibility of cloning human beings was loud and swift. Almost immediately, President Clinton announced a ban on federal funding of cloning research and requested th

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44

Hain, Patricia, and Donald Lee. "Gene Cloning." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 32, no. 1 (2003): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2003.0134b.

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45

Moraczewski, Albert S. "Cloning Testimony." Ethics & Medics 22, no. 5 (1997): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em199722510.

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46

Brownlee, Christen. "Cloning Milestone." Science News 166, no. 24 (2004): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4015655.

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47

Moon, shin Yong. "Human Cloning." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 42, no. 4 (1999): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1999.42.4.369.

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48

Vahid, Frank. "Procedure cloning." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 4, no. 1 (1999): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/298865.298871.

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49

Matzke, M. A., and A. J. M. Matzke. "Cloning nonuniformity." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 8 (1999): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/11618.

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50

Charo, R. Alta. "Cloning debates." Nature Genetics 32, no. 4 (2002): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1202-567.

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