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Nte, Ngboawaji Daniel, Graham Gande, and Michael Uzorka. "The Challenges and Prospects of ICTs in Crime Prevention and Management in Nigeria: A Review of CCTV Cameras in Abuja." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 5, no. 1 (2020): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v5i1.26393.
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Contemporary Nigeria has witnessed monumental rise in crime wave and in the quest to stem the tide, government has adopted various security policies to secure the lives and property of its citizens in the past, but none of these policies have actually yielded positive results. Human abduction, armed robbery, terrorism, bomb attacks and lots more have been the order of the day in the Country. The study seeks to ascertain the impact of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras in Abuja metropolis. Six research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, related literatures were adequately reviewed. A population of size of 900 was selected out of which a sample size of 300 respondents, which cut across all walks of life, participated in the study. Structured questionnaire was designed and used as instrument for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using direct interpretation of results gotten from respondents. Findings of the research revealed significant relationship between closed circuit television cameras and theory of deterrence, criminal justice, fear of crime, legality, policy formation and regulation of closed circuit television (CCTV). The development of software that can be integrated with the CCTV to display a person’s bio-data on the monitor when captured by the CCTV camera is among other recommendations for further research study.
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Saka-Olokungboye, Nurudeen, Joseph Olanrenwaju Ilugbami, and Ebunoluwa Hope Ehinola. "SECURITY OF LIVES AND PROPERTY: AN APPRAISAL OF ONDO STATE GOVERNMENT DIRECTIVE ON INSTALLATION OF CLOSED-CIRCULT TELEVISON CAMERA." International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 11, no. 3 (2023): 233–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8379753.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Insecurity has become a growing concern worldwide. It has become one of the major challenges facing Nigeria. It is a problem that has significantly threatened and undermined the peaceful existence of the country. Governments and organizations globally have been exploring various measures to address this challenge. This paper, therefore appraised Ondo State Government directive on installation of closed-circuit television camera (CCTV). The study used both quantitative and qualitative techniques of research methods to analyse and interpret data collected. Two hundred and six respondents were selected from residents of Owo Local Government Area. Findings of the study revealed low level of awareness on the directive and poor compliance level. This was attributed to the fact that the directive was an executive order rather than a Law. The study therefore recommended passing the directive into a law so as to empower security agents to enforce it legally. Also, the state government should collaborate with civil organizations and non-governmental organizations to create public awareness for the directive. Finally, youth empowerment and employment should be addressed so as to reduce vulnerability of young people to criminal activities. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Closed-circuit television camera, Directive, Insecurity, Lives and Property. <strong>Title:</strong> SECURITY OF LIVES AND PROPERTY: AN APPRAISAL OF ONDO STATE GOVERNMENT DIRECTIVE ON INSTALLATION OF CLOSED-CIRCULT TELEVISON CAMERA <strong>Author:</strong> Saka-Olokungboye Nurudeen, Ilugbami Joseph Olanrenwaju, Ehinola Ebunoluwa Hope <strong>International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research </strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023</strong> <strong>Page No: 233-242</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 26-September-2023</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8379753</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/security-of-lives-and-property-an-appraisal-of-ondo-state-government-directive-on-installation-of-closed-circult-televison-camera</strong>
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Soori, Umair, Peter Yuen, Ji Wen Han, et al. "Target recognitions in multiple-camera closed-circuit television using color constancy." Optical Engineering 52, no. 4 (2013): 047202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.4.047202.
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Pack, Michael L., Brian L. Smith, and William T. Scherer. "Automated Camera Repositioning Technique for Video Image Vehicle Detection Systems: Integrating with Freeway Closed-Circuit Television Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1856, no. 1 (2003): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1856-04.
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Transportation agencies have invested significantly in extensive closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems to monitor freeways in urban areas. While thes systems have proven to be very effective in supporting incident management, they do not support the collection of quantitative measures of traffic conditions. Instead, they simply provide images that must be interpreted by trained operators. While there are several video image vehicle detection systems (VIVDS) on the market that have the capability to automatically derive traffic measures fro video imagery, these systems require the installation of fixed-position cameras. Thus, they have not been integrated with the existing moveable CCTV cameras. VIVDS camera positioning and calibration challenges were addressed and a prototype machine-vision system was developed that successfully integrated existing moveable CCTV cameras with VIVDS. Results of testing the prototype are presentedindicating that when the camera’s initial zoom level was kept between ×1 and ×1.5, the camera consistently could be returned to its original position with a repositioning accuracy of less than 0.03 to 0.1 regardless of the camera’s displaced pan, tilt, or zoom settings at the time of repositioning. This level of positional accuracy when combined with a VIVDS resulted in vehicle count errors of less than 1%.
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Ratcliffe, Jerry H., and Elizabeth R. Groff. "A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Study of Violence and Disorder Impacts of Urban CCTV Camera Clusters." Criminal Justice Review 44, no. 2 (2018): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016818811917.
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Methodological challenges have hampered a number of previous studies into the crime reduction effectiveness of closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems. These have included the use of arbitrary fixed distances to represent estimated camera deterrence areas and a lack of control for camera sites with overlapping surveillance areas. The current article overcomes the first of these challenges by using camera view areas individually constructed by researchers viewing and manipulating cameras to determine precise camera viewsheds. The second challenge is addressed by grouping cameras into clusters of combined viewshed areas. The longitudinal crime and disorder reduction effectiveness of these clusters of overlapping CCTV cameras is tested in Philadelphia, PA. Multilevel mixed-effects models with time-varying covariates and measures from a noncomparable control area are applied to 10 years of crime data (2003–2012) within the viewsheds of 86 CCTV cameras grouped into 13 clusters. Models applied across violent street felonies and disorder incidents find no significant impact associated with the introduction of CCTV surveillance. Potential reasons for this are discussed.
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Navathe, C. P., B. S. Narayan, S. M. Oak, and B. L. Gupta. "Circuit for studying the spatial profile of a laser beam using a closed‐circuit television camera." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 11 (1988): 2494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139936.
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Bagye, Wire, Khairul Imtihan, and Maulana Ashari. "COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TYPES OF PIR MOTION SENSORS FOR NODEMCU ESP32 CAM IMAGE CAPTURING DEVICES." Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Elektronik 7, no. 2 (2024): 471–77. https://doi.org/10.36595/jire.v7i2.1344.
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Abstract:Videos and images can be used as observations or evidence of a crime. The most widely used device for recording video in an office or home is CCTV (Closed Circuit Television). The cost of installing the cheapest CCTV in Indonesia is 1,300,000 thousand Rupiah.The development of the microcontroller has been equipped with a camera module. Lilygo TTGO, NodeMCU ESP 32 CAM, Raspberry Pi, are the choices of microcontrollers with camera extensions. Using the ESP32 CAM Node MCU to record images is a cheaper option compared to using CCTV (Closed Circuit Television). The input data for the ESP32 CAM NodeMCU to detect human movement is the PIR Motion sensor module.In searches on various marketplaces, there are around 20 types of PIR Motion. Each type has a different range and delay time specifications. In this study, 6 PIR Motion sensors available on the Indonesian marketplace were tested with the types HC-SR505, HC-SR501, SR602, AM312, D203s, PIR 507. The test was carried out by assembling six PIR Motions on one PCB (Printed Circuit Board) to get data at the same time. The testing tool uses Arduino Uno by utilizing the Serial Monitor service on the Arduino IDE application. The results of the PIR sensor range test show that the HC-SR501 type has the farthest range while the HC-SR505 successfully captures images.
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Indrawan Nugrahanto, Sungkono, and Elka Faizal. "BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PEMASANGAN PERANGKAT SPC CAMERA MODEL KST2 UNTUK KEAMANAN WARGA PERUMAHAN CITRA CANDI MENDUT MALANG." Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 9, no. 1 (2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jabdimas.v9i1.185.
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At this time the demand for security cameras is increasing in line with the increasing number of criminal acts, this technology seems to be required to be installed in various public places and facilities that require more supervision in order to create security and safety. IP Camera (type KST2 SPC) is the latest solution in the field of security. This monitoring device has a monitor range that is not limited to the room, but the IP camera can also be accessed by a personal computer or laptop that is connected directly via LAN, Internet, or cellular network. IP Camera is a long-term solution that is very useful, very flexible, and can work for the next 10 years. IP Camera has other features such as camera selection and navigation features that affect video size and access speed. IP Camera is a CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) camera that uses Internet Protocol to transmit image data and control signals. Thus, IP cameras have several advantages over analog CCTV. In its use, this tool is also quite easy to integrate with various electronic-based early warning systems. Data from camera readings can be stored on a microSD which can store recording activity data for a full month.
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Timan, Tjerk, and Nelly Oudshoorn. "Mobile cameras as new technologies of surveillance? How citizens experience the use of mobile cameras in public nightscapes." Surveillance & Society 10, no. 2 (2012): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v10i2.4440.
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In surveillance studies the terms “sousveillance” and “inverse surveillance” describe forms of surveillance that have a bottom-up and democratic character. However, in this paper this democratic notion is questioned by looking into practices and experiences with both Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and mobile cameras by Dutch citizens. By intervening in the nightlife district of the Rotterdami city centre, data has been gathered on both mobile- and CCTV camera confrontations. From this, an exploration is made into how mobile cameras are experienced in the Nightlife landscape. Comparing these experiences with CCTV provides insight into new surveillance issues that emerge due to the mobile camera. The perspective of analyzing surveillance technologies as hybrid collectives that may take different shapes in different places, allows for a contribution that attempts to improve our understanding of the current changes in the surveillance technology landscape.i Rotterdam is the second largest city in the Netherlands.
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Oh, Jutaek, Joonyoung Min, and Eunsoo Choi. "Development of a vehicle image-tracking system based on a long-distance detection algorithm." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 11 (2010): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-064.
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If image-processing systems are developed to track individual vehicles, and thus, trace vehicle trajectories, many existing transportation models will benefit from more detailed information on individual vehicles. Furthermore, the additional information that can be obtained from the vehicle trajectories will improve incident detection by identifying lane change maneuvers and acceleration / deceleration patterns. Unlike human vision, however, image-processing cameras have difficulty in recognizing vehicle movements within a long detection zone because the camera operators need to zoom in to recognize objects. As a result, vehicle tracking with a single camera relies on short-distance detection. This paper describes the methodology developed for monitoring individual vehicle trajectories based on image processing. To improve traffic flow surveillance, a long-distance tracking algorithm was developed with multiple closed-circuit television cameras. The algorithm can recognize individual vehicle maneuvers, and thereby increases the effectiveness of the incident detection process.
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Mualfah, Desti, and Rizdqi Akbar Ramadhan. "Analisis Forensik Metadata Kamera CCTV Sebagai Alat Bukti Digital." Digital Zone: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 11, no. 2 (2020): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/digitalzone.v11i2.5174.
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Kejahatan konvensial yang terekam kamera CCTV (Closed Circuit Televison) semakin banyak ditemukan di masyarakat, setiap pelaku kejahatan yang terbukti melakukan tindak pidana tertentu akan dihukum sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Kamera CCTV memiliki peran penting dalam keamanan, banyak diantaranya hasil tangkapan rekaman kamera CCTV dijadikan sebagai alat bukti digital. Tantangannya adalah bagaimana teknik yang diperlukan untuk penanganan khusus investigasi digital forensik dalam mencari bukti ditgital rekaman kamera CCTV menggunakan metode live forensik, yaitu ketika barang bukti dalam keadan aktif berdasarkan pedoman SNI 27037:2014 sesuai acuan kerangka kerja Common Phases of Computer Forensics Investigation Models untuk di implementasikan ke dalam dokumen Chain of Custody. Hasil penelitian ini berupa hasil analisis video rekaman kamera CCTV tentang karakteristik bukti digital dan informasi metadata yang digunakan untuk memberikan penjelasan komprehensif secara terstruktur serta acuan pengelolaan informasi data yang didapat dari hasil investigasi digital forensik yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dalam persidangan.
 
 Kata kunci: Bukti Digital, Live Forensik, Metadata, Kamera CCTV, Chain of Custody.
 
 Abstract
 Conventional crimes that are recorded on CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) cameras are increasingly being found in society, every crime that commits certain crimes will be in accordance with statutory regulations. CCTV cameras have an important role in security, many of which are recorded by CCTV cameras used as digital evidence. The challenge is how the techniques required for special handling, digital forensics in searching for digital evidence of CCTV camera footage using the live forensic method, namely when the evidence is in an active state based on the latest SNI 27037: 2014 according to the framework reference Common Phases of Computer Forensics Investigation Models for in implement it into the Chain of Custody document. These results of this research are in the form of analysis of CCTV camera video recordings about the characteristics of digital evidence and metadata information used to provide a structured comprehensive explanation and reference data management information obtained from the results of digital forensic investigations that can be accounted for in court. 
 Keywords: Digital Evidence, Live Forensic, Metadata, CCTV Camera, Chain of Custady.
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Kolupula, Y. R., M. A. Aceves-Fernandez, G. R. Jones, A. G. Deakin, and J. W. Spencer. "Airborne particle monitoring with urban closed-circuit television camera networks and a chromatic technique." Measurement Science and Technology 21, no. 11 (2010): 115204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/11/115204.
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Olipas, Cris Norman P. "Improving Surveillance in a Barangay: A Study on Assessing Needs for Designing Optimal Closed-Circuit Television Camera Placement." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2024): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(1).01.
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This study aimed to conduct a needs assessment in order to design a CCTV camera placement plan in a barangay to enhance community safety and security. Employing a descriptive research design, the study involved 300 randomly selected respondents from a barangay in Talugtug, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The results of the needs assessment underscored the importance of developing a CCTV camera placement plan for the barangay. The researcher proposed to develop a plan that aims to provide measures to improve safety and security within the community. Based on the needs assessment that has been conducted, several recommendations were drawn. Firstly, it was strongly advised to design a CCTV camera placement plan in the barangay. A follow-up study may be conducted focusing on this aspect. Future researchers must strategically place the CCTV in the area to optimize its full potential for securing the community. Secondly, community engagement and collaboration were highlighted as crucial factors for successful implementation, emphasizing the importance of involving community members, stakeholders, and educational institutions in the planning process. Thus, when designing a strategic CCTV placement plan, the involvement of various stakeholders is highly encouraged. Further, allocating resources for installation, maintenance, and monitoring was also proposed to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the surveillance system. Lastly, continuous evaluation and improvement of the CCTV camera placement plan when implemented is highly recommended, emphasizing the need for regular reviews, resident feedback, and performance monitoring to optimize the system's functionality. These recommendations provide valuable guidance for barangay officials in their pursuit of enhanced safety and security. By implementing the proposed plan that may be developed through this study and considering the input of the community, the barangay can create a safer environment and promote a sense of security among its residents.
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Bahri, Syamsul. "Analisa Pemilihan CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) Sebagai Alat Keamanan Untuk Penggunaan di Perumahan & Perkantoran." Jurnal Minfo Polgan 14, no. 1 (2025): 537–41. https://doi.org/10.33395/jmp.v14i1.14788.
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Kejahatan adalah satu tindakan yang sangat merugikan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan alat untuk mengurangi tindakan kejahatan, CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) merupakan alat yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam mengurangi tindak kejahatan. CCTV bisa merekam dan menyimpan semua objek yang ada di depannya termasuk aksi kejahatan dan hasil rekamannnya bisa dijadikan alat bukti yang sah di mata hukum ketika dibutuhkan. Perlu diketahui bahwa saat ini ada dua jenis CCTV yang beredar yaitu analog dan digital (IP Camera) sehingga perlu dibutuhkan pengetahuan agar penggunaan CCTV bisa optimal sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
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Ahmad, Arman. "Rotatable WIFI Security Camera using ESP32 Cam." International Journal of All Research Education & Scientific Methods 10, no. 05 (2022): 1017–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56025/ijaresm.2022.10506.
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The security cameras like CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) are tools that can minimize theft in both private homes and public places. But the problem with most of the CCTV and security cameras are that they are not having the mechanisms that can be used to monitor the place at an angle that is difficult to reach by a CCTV camera, i.e. they cannot be panned and tilted to reach an angle that is difficult to reach. Also, the CCTV cameras are not portable, are not wireless and requires a dedicated systems in order to be operable. In this study, a simulation tool was designed that combines an ESP32 Camera Module, that can be programmed using Arduino IDE, with 180 degree rotatable SG90 servo motors, in order for it to rotate horizontally and vertically. Its cost is significantly lesser than the cost of a moving CCTV camera, and it can be controlled from anywhere in the house within the WIFI range and its wireless. And with this simulation can be an alternative of CCTV cameras. Also, the requirement for a dedicated system and a dedicated person for the surveillance is absent, as it can be accessed from anyone having the WIFI credentials and within the range of the wifi network. Dedicated system is not required as it only needs a smartphone or PC/laptop for viewing camera footage
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Chakraborty, Pranamesh, Yaw Okyere Adu-Gyamfi, Subhadipto Poddar, Vesal Ahsani, Anuj Sharma, and Soumik Sarkar. "Traffic Congestion Detection from Camera Images using Deep Convolution Neural Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 45 (2018): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777631.
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Recent improvements in machine vision algorithms have led to closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras emerging as an important data source for determining of the state of traffic congestion. In this study we used two different deep learning techniques, you only look once (YOLO) and deep convolution neural network (DCNN), to detect traffic congestion from camera images. The support vector machine (SVM), a shallow algorithm, was also used as a comparison to determine the improvements obtained using deep learning algorithms. Occupancy data from nearby radar sensors were used to label congested images in the dataset and for training the models. YOLO and DCCN achieved 91.5% and 90.2% accuracy, respectively, whereas SVM’s accuracy was 85.2%. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the sensitivity of the models with regard to different camera configurations, light conditions, and so forth. Although poor camera conditions at night affected the accuracy of the models, the areas under the curve from the deep models were found to be greater than 0.9 for all conditions. This shows that the models can perform well in challenging conditions as well.
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Kim, Jisung, Youngdo Jeong, Hyojin Lee, and Hongsik Yun. "Marker-Based Structural Displacement Measurement Models with Camera Movement Error Correction Using Image Matching and Anomaly Detection." Sensors 20, no. 19 (2020): 5676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195676.
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To prevent collapse accidents at construction sites, the marker-based displacement measurement method was developed. However, it has difficulty in obtaining accurate measurements at long distances (>50 m) in an outdoor environment because of camera movements. To overcome this problem, marker-based structural displacement measurement models using image matching and anomaly detection were designed in this study. Then, the performance of each model in terms of camera movement error correction was verified through comparison with that of a conventional model. The results show that the systematic errors due to camera movements (<1.7°) were corrected. The detection rate of markers with displacement reached 95%, and the probability that the error size would be less than 10 mm was ≥ 95% with a 95% confidence interval at a distance of more than 100 m. Moreover, the normalized mean square error was less than 0.1. The models developed in this study can measure the pure displacement of an object without the systematic errors caused by camera movements. Furthermore, these models can be used to measure the displacements of distant structures using closed-circuit television cameras and markers in an outdoor environment with high accuracy.
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Khan, Prince, Yung-Cheol Byun, and Namje Park. "A Data Verification System for CCTV Surveillance Cameras Using Blockchain Technology in Smart Cities." Electronics 9, no. 3 (2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030484.
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The video created by a surveillance cameras plays a crucial role in crime prevention and examinations in smart cities. The closed-circuit television camera (CCTV) is essential for a range of public uses in a smart city; combined with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies they can turn into smart sensors that help to ensure safety and security. However, the authenticity of the camera itself raises issues of building up integrity and suitability of data. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based system to guarantee the trustworthiness of the stored recordings, allowing authorities to validate whether or not a video has been altered. It helps to discriminate fake videos from original ones and to make sure that surveillance cameras are authentic. Since the distributed ledger of the blockchain records the metadata of the CCTV video as well, it is obstructing the chance of forgery of the data. This immutable ledger diminishes the risk of copyright encroachment for law enforcement agencies and clients users by securing possession and identity.
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Ariman, Ariman, and Holben Wesly Sinaga. "ANALISIS KUALITAS TRAFIK SISTEM PEMANTAUAN RUANG DENGAN CAMERA LOCAL AREA NETWORK." SINUSOIDA 22, no. 3 (2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37277/s.v22i3.749.
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ISTN (Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional) adalah salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta yang berdiri di Jakarta yang menerapkan penggunaan kamera CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) berbasis IP (Internet Protocol) terhubung ke jaringan ISTN. Tujuan dari pemasangan kamera CCTV tersebut untuk mengurangi resiko kehilangan dan keamanan asset pada Laboratorium atau Bengkel D3, S1 dan Prodi Teknik Elektro ISTN. Di dalam penerapan teknologi tersebut nantinya akan dilakukan pengukuran parameter QoS (Quality of Service) yang meliputi delay, packet loss dan throughput. Tools yang digunakan untuk mengukur parameter QoS adalah aplikasi software Axence NetTools dan Wireshark. Dari hasil pengukuran parameter QoS tersebut dapat diketahui adanya faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi QoS pada jaringan tersebut diatas.
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Olipas, Cris Norman P. "Improving Surveillance in a Barangay: A Study on Assessing Needs for Designing Optimal Closed-Circuit Television Camera Placement." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2024): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(1).01.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to conduct a needs assessment in order to design a CCTV camera placement plan in a barangay to enhance community safety and security. Employing a descriptive research design, the study involved 300 randomly selected respondents from a barangay in Talugtug, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The results of the needs assessment underscored the importance of developing a CCTV camera placement plan for the barangay. The researcher proposed to develop a plan that aims to provide measures to improve safety and security within the community. Based on the needs assessment that has been conducted, several recommendations were drawn. Firstly, it was strongly advised to design a CCTV camera placement plan in the barangay. A follow-up study may be conducted focusing on this aspect. Future researchers must strategically place the CCTV in the area to optimize its full potential for securing the community. Secondly, community engagement and collaboration were highlighted as crucial factors for successful implementation, emphasizing the importance of involving community members, stakeholders, and educational institutions in the planning process. Thus, when designing a strategic CCTV placement plan, the involvement of various stakeholders is highly encouraged. Further, allocating resources for installation, maintenance, and monitoring was also proposed to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the surveillance system. Lastly, continuous evaluation and improvement of the CCTV camera placement plan when implemented is highly recommended, emphasizing the need for regular reviews, resident feedback, and performance monitoring to optimize the system's functionality. These recommendations provide valuable guidance for barangay officials in their pursuit of enhanced safety and security. By implementing the proposed plan that may be developed through this study and considering the input of the community, the barangay can create a safer environment and promote a sense of security among its residents.
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Arfan, M., Ahmad Nurjalal, Maman Somantri, and Sudjadi. "Pengenalan Aktivitas Manusia pada Area Tambak Udang dengan Convolutional Neural Network." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 5, no. 1 (2021): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v5i1.2888.
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Thievery is a problem that can harm theft victims. Thievery usually occurs at night when there is no supervision of goods in a location. To avoid thievery and monitor conditions in a location, CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) cameras can be used. However, the function of CCTV camera systems is only a passive monitoring systems. In this paper, a human activity recognition is designed using CCTV cameras to produce a security system. Inputs on the recognition process are videos obtained from CCTV cameras installed in the shrimp pond. Human activity recognition that is used in this study is Convolutional Neural Network. Before the human activity recognition was carried out, the program first detected humans with the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm and tracking it with the SORT (Simple Online and Realtime Tracking) algorithm. The results obtained from the human activity recognition is class labels on human objects that are tracked.
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Kim, Kwihoon, and Jin-Yong Choi. "Application of Closed-Circuit Television Image Segmentation for Irrigation Channel Water Level Measurement." Water 15, no. 18 (2023): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15183308.
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Measuring water levels in an irrigation channel is an important task in irrigation system decision making and estimating the quantity of irrigation water supplies. This study aimed to measure water levels with image information from an irrigation channel. Images were obtained from a CCTV (closed-circuit television) camera and manually annotated to create ground-truth mask images. A comparative analysis was performed using four backbone models (ResNet-18, ResNet-50, VGGNet-16, and VGGNet-19) and two segmentation models (U-Net and Link-Net). ROIs (Regions of Interest), mostly related to the water levels, were selected for converting water pixels to water levels. The U-Net with ResNet-50 backbone model outperformed other combinations in terms of the F1 score and robustness, and selecting an ROI and using a quadratic line between water pixels and water levels showed an R2 of 0.99, MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 0.01 m, and ME (Maximum Error) of 0.05 m. The F1 score of 313 test datasets was 0.99, indicating that the water surface was sufficiently segmented and the water level measurement errors were within the irrigation system’s acceptable range. Although this methodology requires initial work to build the datasets and the model, it enables an accurate and low-cost water level measurement.
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Gartner, Christopher, Jijo K. Mathew, and Darcy Bullock. "Methodology for Automatically Detecting Pan–Tilt–Zoom CCTV Camera Drift in Advanced Traffic Management System Networks." Future Transportation 4, no. 4 (2024): 1297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp4040062.
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Many transportation agencies have deployed pan–tilt–zoom (PTZ) closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras to monitor roadway conditions and coordinate traffic incident management (TIM), particularly in urbanized areas. Pre-programmed “presets” provide the ability to rapidly position a camera on regions of highways. However, camera views occasionally develop systematic deviations from their original presets due to a variety of factors, such as camera change-outs, routine maintenance, drive belt slippage, bracket movements, and even minor vehicle crashes into the camera support structures. Scheduled manual calibration is one way to systematically eliminate these positioning problems, but it is more desirable to develop automated techniques to detect and alert agencies of potential drift. This is particularly useful for agencies with large camera networks, often numbering in the 1000’s. This paper proposes a methodology using the mean Structured Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) to compare images for a current observation to a stored original image with identical PTZ coordinates. Analyzing images using the mean SSIM generates a single value, which is then aggregated every week to generate potential drift alerts. This methodology was applied to 2200 images from 49 cameras over a 12-month period, which generated less than 30 alerts that required manual validation to determine the confirmed drift detection rate. Approximately 57% of those alerts were confirmed to be camera drift. This paper concludes with the limitations of the methodology and future research opportunities to possibly increase alert accuracy in an active deployment.
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Park, Jaesoung, Suhan Lee, Dong-Ik Kim, et al. "Evaporation-Rate Control of Water Droplets on Flexible Transparent Heater for Sensor Application." Sensors 19, no. 22 (2019): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224918.
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To develop high-performance de- or anti-frosting/icing devices based on transparent heaters, it is necessary to study the evaporation-rate control of droplets on heater surfaces. However, almost no research has been done on the evaporation-rate control of liquid droplets on transparent heaters. In this study, we investigate the evaporation characteristics of water droplets on transparent heater surfaces and determine that they depend upon the surface wettability, by modifying which, the complete evaporation time can be controlled. In addition, we study the defrosting and deicing performances through the surface wettability, by placing the flexible transparent heater on a webcam. The obtained results can be used as fundamental data for the transparent defrosting and deicing systems of closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera lenses, smart windows, vehicle backup cameras, aircraft windows, and sensor applications.
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Nguyen, Huy, Vanhoa Nguyen, Conghoan Nguyen, Van Bui, and Yeongmin Jang. "Design and Implementation of 2D MIMO-Based Optical Camera Communication Using a Light-Emitting Diode Array for Long-Range Monitoring System." Sensors 21, no. 9 (2021): 3023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093023.
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Wireless technologies that use radio frequency (RF) waveforms are common in wireless communication systems, such as the mobile communication, satellite system, and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. It is more advantageous than wired communication because of the ease of installation. However, it can negatively impact human health if high frequencies are used to transmit data. Therefore, researchers are exploring the potential of optical wireless communication as an alternative, which uses the visible light bandwidth instead of RF waveforms. Three possibilities are being investigated: visible light communication, light fidelity, and optical camera communication. In this paper, we propose a multiple-input multiple-output modulation scheme using a light-emitting diode (LED) array, which is applicable to the IoT system, based on on–off keying modulation in the time domain. This scheme is compatible with the two popular types of camera in the market, rolling shutter cameras and global shutter cameras, as well as the closed-circuit television camera, which is used in factories, buildings, etc. Despite the small size of the LED array, implementing this scheme with 10 links in different positions at a communication distance of 20 m is possible for efficient performance (low error rate) by controlling the exposure time, shutter speed, focal length, channel coding and applying the matched filter.
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Singh, Sandeep, Priyansh Jain, Sneha Kesarwani, and Vanshi Tiwari. "Smart Surveillance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 2111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42695.
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Abstract: Every individual in today's society has a need for a safe and reliable system. The most commonly used closed-circuit television (CCTV) or video surveillance systems are being implemented everywhere: hospitals, warehouses, parking lots, and buildings. However, this highly effective system has a cost disadvantage. Therefore, a cost-effective system is required. This project proposes to use a security camera with night vision using OpenCV. This is a cost-effective method. Images are captured and processed frame by frame. When a person is detected, the image is saved and an email is sent. The accuracy of this system is about 83%. It also uses the improved properties of the built-in camera. So the image is captured by the camera and sent to processing for face and person detection using OpenCV. Then, whether the detected person is known (visitor) or (stranger) () the detected face is compared against the database, and based on the output an email is generated and sent to the user. Security cameras can be controlled by custom AI. assistant. AI features include turning security cameras on and off with voice control. Accordingly, a low-cost security system can be provided. Keywords: OpenCV, Computer Vision, Tkinter, CCTV, Surveillance, Noise, Motion Artificial Intelligence
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Sathyamoorthy, Adarsh Jagan, Utsav Patel, Moumita Paul, Yash Savle, and Dinesh Manocha. "COVID surveillance robot: Monitoring social distancing constraints in indoor scenarios." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (2021): e0259713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259713.
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Observing social/physical distancing norms between humans has become an indispensable precaution to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. We present a novel method to automatically detect pairs of humans in a crowded scenario who are not maintaining social distancing, i.e. about 2 meters of space between them using an autonomous mobile robot and existing CCTV (Closed-Circuit TeleVision) cameras. The robot is equipped with commodity sensors, namely an RGB-D (Red Green Blue—Depth) camera and a 2-D lidar to detect social distancing breaches within their sensing range and navigate towards the location of the breach. Moreover, it discreetly alerts the relevant people to move apart by using a mounted display. In addition, we also equip the robot with a thermal camera that transmits thermal images to security/healthcare personnel who monitors COVID symptoms such as a fever. In indoor scenarios, we integrate the mobile robot setup with a static wall-mounted CCTV camera to further improve the number of social distancing breaches detected, accurately pursuing walking groups of people etc. We highlight the performance benefits of our robot + CCTV approach in different static and dynamic indoor scenarios.
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Halfawy, Mahmoud R., and Jantira Hengmeechai. "Optical flow techniques for estimation of camera motion parameters in sewer closed circuit television inspection videos." Automation in Construction 38 (March 2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.10.016.
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Fitwi, Alem, Yu Chen, Han Sun, and Robert Harrod. "Estimating Interpersonal Distance and Crowd Density with a Single-Edge Camera." Computers 10, no. 11 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10110143.
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For public safety and physical security, currently more than a billion closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras are in use around the world. Proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine/deep learning (M/DL) technologies have gained significant applications including crowd surveillance. The state-of-the-art distance and area estimation algorithms either need multiple cameras or a reference object as a ground truth. It is an open question to obtain an estimation using a single camera without a scale reference. In this paper, we propose a novel solution called E-SEC, which estimates interpersonal distance between a pair of dynamic human objects, area occupied by a dynamic crowd, and density using a single edge camera. The E-SEC framework comprises edge CCTV cameras responsible for capturing a crowd on video frames leveraging a customized YOLOv3 model for human detection. E-SEC contributes an interpersonal distance estimation algorithm vital for monitoring the social distancing of a crowd, and an area estimation algorithm for dynamically determining an area occupied by a crowd with changing size and position. A unified output module generates the crowd size, interpersonal distances, social distancing violations, area, and density per every frame. Experimental results validate the accuracy and efficiency of E-SEC with a range of different video datasets.
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Ahmad, Adlan Hakim, Sharifah Saon, Abd Kadir Mahamad, et al. "Real time face recognition of video surveillance system using haar cascade classifier." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 3 (2021): 1389–99. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1389-1399.
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This project investigates the use of face recognition for a surveillance system. The normal video surveillance system uses in closed-circuit television (CCTV) to record video for security purpose. It is used to identify the identity of a person through their appearances on the recorded video, manually. Today’s video surveillance camera system usually not occupied with a face recognition system. With some modification, a surveillance camera system can be used as face detection and recognition that can be done in real-time. The proposed system makes use of surveillance camera system that can identify the identity of a person automatically by using face recognition of Haar cascade classifier. The hardware used for this project were Raspberry Pi as a processor and Pi Camera as a camera module. The development of this project consist of three main phases which were data gathering, training recognizer, and face recognition process. All three phases have been executed using Python programming and OpenCV library, which have been performed in a Raspbian operation system. From the result, the proposed system successfully displays the output result of human face recognition, with facial angle within ±40°, in medium and normal light condition, and within a distance of 0.4 to 1.2 meter. Targeted image are allowed to wear face accessory as long as not covering the face structure. In conclusion, this system considered, can reduce the cost of manpower in order to identify the identity of a person in real time situation.
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Son, Ngo Tung, Bui Ngoc Anh, Tran Quy Ban, et al. "Implementing CCTV-Based Attendance Taking Support System Using Deep Face Recognition: A Case Study at FPT Polytechnic College." Symmetry 12, no. 2 (2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12020307.
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Face recognition (FR) has received considerable attention in the field of security, especially in the use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras in security monitoring. Although significant advances in the field of computer vision are made, advanced face recognition systems provide satisfactory performance only in controlled conditions. They deteriorate significantly in the face of real-world scenarios such as lighting conditions, motion blur, camera resolution, etc. This article shows how we design, implement, and conduct the empirical comparisons of machine learning open libraries in building attendance taking (AT) support systems using indoor security cameras called ATSS. Our trial system was deployed to record the appearances of 120 students in five classes who study on the third floor of FPT Polytechnic College building. Our design allows for flexible system scaling, and it is not only usable for a school but a generic attendance system with CCTV. The measurement results show that the accuracy is suitable for many different environments.
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Herfandi, Herfandi, Ones Sanjerico Sitanggang, Muhammad Rangga Aziz Nasution, Huy Nguyen, and Yeong Min Jang. "Real-Time Patient Indoor Health Monitoring and Location Tracking with Optical Camera Communications on the Internet of Medical Things." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14031153.
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Optical Camera Communication (OCC) is an emerging technology that has attracted research interest in recent decades. Unlike previous communication technologies, OCC uses visible light as the medium to transmit data from receivers and cameras to receive the data. OCC has several advantages that can be capitalized in several implementations. However, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a technology with immense potential. Numerous research endeavors support the IoT’s prospective technology that can be implemented in various sectors, including the healthcare system. This study introduces a novel implementation of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system, using OCC for real-time health monitoring and indoor location tracking. The innovative system uses standard closed-circuit television CCTV setups, integrating deep learning-based OCC to monitor multiple patients simultaneously, each represented by an LED matrix. The effectiveness of the system was demonstrated through two scenarios: the first involves dual transmitters and a single camera, highlighting real-time monitoring of vital health data; the second features a transmitter with dual cameras, focusing patient movement tracking across different camera fields of view. To accurately locate and track the position of LED arrays in the camera, the system used YOLO (You Only Look Once). Data are securely transmitted to an edge server and stored using the REST API, with a web interface providing real-time patient updates. This study highlights the potential of OCC in IoMT for advanced patient care and proposes future exploration in larger healthcare systems and other IoT domains.
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Rahayu, Soni Aulia, Sinta Berliana Sipayung, Adi Witono, and Lilik S. Suprihatin. "The Performance of K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Approach for Estimating Extreme Rain Events based on CCTV Images Camera Data." Jurnal EECCIS (Electrics, Electronics, Communications, Controls, Informatics, Systems) 17, no. 2 (2023): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jeeccis.v17i2.1649.
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Abstract—Hydrometeorological disasters such as flooding in urban areas are a big problem that must be managed. Indonesia as part of the maritime continent, has high rainfall variability, both temporally and spatially. Unfortunately, the density of instruments for measuring rainfall is still low. To solve the problem, this research will try to utilize and modify Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras which have a large number in terms of quantity as instruments for measuring rainfall. The purpose of this research is to obtain rainfall image information and data generated by CCTV cameras. The image data is converted to quantitative rainfall data. The method used is the K-NN algorithm and machine learning. The research location is located in a corner of the city of Bandung with a geographical position of 60 53”30.49'S and 107.035” 12.27' E. The results of this research show that the K-NN algorithm can be applied to estimate rainfall data from CCTV images with an accuracy of more than 98%. The level of accuracy generated between CCTV camera image data and AWS is 94%. The level of accuracy is high means that CCTV camera image data can represent or be converted into quantitative rainfall data.
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Choi, Woochul, Bongjoo Jang, Intaek Jung, Hongki Sung, and Younmi Jang. "Evaluation of Preferences for a Thermal-Camera-Based Abnormal Situation Detection Service via the Integrated Fuzzy AHP/TOPSIS Model." Applied Sciences 13, no. 20 (2023): 11591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011591.
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Research related to thermal cameras, which are major control measures, is increasing to overcome the limitations of closed-circuit television (CCTV) images. Thermal cameras have the advantage of easily detecting objects at night and of being able to identify initial signs of dangerous situations owing to changes in temperature. However, research on thermal cameras from a comprehensive perspective for practical urban control is insufficient. Accordingly, this study presents a thermal camera-based abnormal-situation detection service that can supplement/replace CCTV image analysis and evaluate service preferences. We suggested an integrated Fuzzy AHP/TOPSIS model, which induces a more reasonable selection to support the decision-making of the demand for introducing thermography cameras. We found that developers highly evaluated services that can identify early signs of dangerous situations by detecting temperature changes in heat, which is the core principle of thermography cameras (e.g., pre-fire phenomenon), while local governments highly evaluated control services related to citizen safety (e.g., pedestrian detection at night). Clearly, while selecting an effective service model, the opinions of experts with a high understanding of the technology itself and operators who actually manage ser-vices should be appropriately reflected. This study contributes to the literature and provides the basic foundation for the development of services utilizing thermography cameras by presenting a thermography camera-based abnormal situation detection service and selection methods and joint decision-making engagement between developers and operators.
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Hodgetts, Helen M., Cindy Chamberland, Jean-Denis Latulippe-Thériault, François Vachon, and Sébastien Tremblay. "Priority or Parity? Scanning Strategies and Detection Performance of Novice Operators in Urban Surveillance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621255.
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Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is increasingly used as a means to ensure the safety and security of critical infrastructure and public spaces. Operators in control rooms are responsible for monitoring multiple camera feeds that generally exceed the number of screens available. Using a realistic video surveillance simulation, the current study investigates strategies that untrained operators use to deal with this visual overload. The majority of participants adopted a priority strategy by fixating some scenes more than others, as opposed to a parity strategy of devoting roughly equal time across all screens—although participants were largely unaware of the strategy they had used. A parity approach led to better detection performance, perhaps because less time elapsed between viewing each available camera feed thus reducing the probability that an incident could pass unnoticed. The identification of successful scanning strategies can be used to inform operator training.
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Kurnia, Herdy, and Taufik Hidayat. "Penajaman Kualitas Citra Digital Menggunakan Histogram Equalization." J-SISKO TECH (Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi dan Sistem Komputer TGD) 6, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53513/jsk.v6i1.6202.
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CCTV (Closed-circuit Television) is a surveillance camera that is installed on roads and in various rooms around the world with the aim of reducing crime and increasing public safety. Often, the image quality of CCTV has poor results, one of the causes is noise. This condition causes the information contained is sometimes not well conveyed. Image enhancement is a part of image processing which has the aim of improving image quality by manipulating image parameters. The application of this research is to sharpen the quality of screen capture on CCTV. The method applied is histogram equalization which can improve image quality. Histogram equalization method will be applied using Google Colab because its use has good portability.
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Stedmon, Alex. "The camera never lies, or does it? The dangers of taking CCTV surveillance at face value." Surveillance & Society 8, no. 4 (2011): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v8i4.4192.
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How many of us question what we’re shown via closed circuit television (CCTV) as being the truth of a situation? Can clear and easily identifiable images be wrong? And if they are, how can you argue against the power of the recorded image from a legal standpoint? Can Human Factors help us improve surveillance for society? In this real example of improper CCTV surveillance, can CCTV always be taken at face value? The simple answer is no, but how many people accept what they’re shown without question and end up paying the penalties? This paper examines a case study where all that appeared on the CCTV image was not as it seemed. It then considers the underlying human factors issues of CCTV technologies for surveillance and the importance of understanding the fundamental human-machine interface.
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Simanjuntak, Imelda Uli Vistalina, Rini Kusumawardani, and Setiyo Budiyanto. "Perancangan, Realisasi, dan Analisa Sistem Keamanan Cloud Peer to Peer P2P Pada Jaringan IEEE 802.11." Jurnal Teknologi Elektro 10, no. 1 (2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jte.v10i1.008.
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camera merupakan solusi terbaru sistem security dan tidak hanya terbatas ruangan, namun IP camera merupakan solusi jangka panjang yang sangat bermanfaat. IP camera sangat fleksibel. IP camera dengan fitur lainnya seperti pemilihan kamera dan fitur navigasi pada size video, kecepatan streaming. IP camera adalah CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) kamera yang menggunakan Internet Protocol untuk mengirimkan data gambar dan sinyal kendali atas Fast Ethernet Link. Dengan demikian IP camera juga sering disebut sebagai kamera jaringan. Yang mana IP camera ini biasanya juga memerlukan ADSL/DSL modem, cable modem, switch atau hub, agar bekerja dan berungsi dengan baik pada jaringan LAN atau Internet. Namun pada jaman yang semakin canggih ini, IP camera terus berkembang dengan selalu menciptakan teknologi terbaru, yakni salah satunya dengan didukung sistem cloud P2P. Peer to peer (P2P) digunakan untuk saling membagikan file data yang sudah tersimpan dalam suatu server. Pada sebuah smartphone dengan sebuah IP camera dihubungkan hingga koneksi terjalin antara IP camera dengan smartphone yang merupakan peer to peer networking. Sistem ini berguna untuk melihat-lihat gambar atau video dan mengendalikan dalam jarak jauh menggunakan smartphone. Hal ini juga mewakili arsitektur untuk meningkatkan pengawasan video menggunakan smartphone. Sistem ini memungkinkan komposisi dinamis aplikasi yang meningkatkan fleksibilitas keseluruhan sistem. Sistem surveillans video ini memenuhi semua kebutuhan dinamika yang memungkinkan penggunaan sistem kepada pengguna yang berbeda, sistem ini memberikan pengawasan yang lebih baik dengan memilih akses langsung untuk video dari lokasi yang berbeda.
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Deddy Prayama, and Arya Aulia. "Sistem Monitoring Ruangan berbasis Raspberry Pi dan Motion." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 10, no. 2 (2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.10.2.8.
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Lately, room security is a problem faced by many agencies end. It has become a vital necessity if the room equipped with many resources or has a limited access only to specific users only. Closed Circuit Television is one of the solutions to be able to record events that occur in a room that is monitored, but it is becoming redundant if everything is recorded. This system combines the use of a web camera and its peripheral devices to be able to record the events in a room if the detected movement. This system is more efficiently use space on the hard drive so that only record events in case of movement or change in a room..This system is accessible from the web.
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Homer Hermes Y. de Dios and Filipina B. Sotto. "PHOTOTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF CROWN-OF-THORNS STARFISH, ACANTHASTER PLANCI (LINNAEUS, 1758) TO DIFFERENT LIGHT SPECTRA." Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (JSET) 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.61569/zbsp7g62.
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The phototactic behavior of COTS to steady and flashing LED light spectra such as blue (473nm), yellow (595nm), red (625nm) and white was observed/monitored using infrared closed circuit television (CCTV) camera. Steady LED light spectra had a significant effect on the locomotion rate of COTS (ANOVA; p<0.05) and there was no significant effect using flashing LED light spectra (ANOVA; p>0.05). COTS can be considered to be positively phototactic to steady blue spectrum (473 nm) with mean locomotion rate of 30.35 cm/min and negatively phototactic to steady white light with mean locomotion rate of 28.44 cm/min. Blue and white LED can act as photo stimulant either as attractant or repellent to crown-of-thorns starfish.
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Bata, Emanuel Safirman. "UTILIZATION OF CCTV ANALOG CAMERA ON MOBILE WEB-BASED ROOM SECURITY MONITORING SYSTEM." Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika 11, no. 1 (2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jicon.v11i1.10033.
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The greater the diversity of a city, the greater the threat to its security. The number of criminal cases in Kupang City was reported at 1,472, with a crime rate of 438 per 100,000 population. The number of theft cases was 1,288. This is a very high number and if it is not addressed, it will cause unrest in the community. STIKOM Uyelindo Kupang has experienced cases of theft of 7 units of laptops, wallets, helmets. The higher crime rate encourages the need for a technology-based security system that is effective, efficient and easily accessible anywhere, one of which is CCTV. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a digital video camera device and is used to send signals to a monitor screen and aims to increase security. Based on the test results at 24 points of the room and open areas of STIKOM Uyelindo kupang, video streaming can run well on the room security monitoring system and can be accessed publicly.
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Apriyani, Sri, Ridho Taufiq Subagio, and Wanda Ilham. "Perancangan Aplikasi Monitoring Ruangan Menggunakan IP Camera Berbasis Android." Jurnal SISKOM-KB (Sistem Komputer dan Kecerdasan Buatan) 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47970/siskom-kb.v4i1.161.
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Dengan maraknya teknologi internet dalam dunia pendidikan, hampir semua kegiatan di semua instansi pendidikan dapat dilakukan secara online, serta dilakukan kapan dan dimana saja. Salah satu pemanfaatan teknologi internet tersebut adalah monitoring keamanan ruangan pada suatu Perguruan Tinggi. Pada Universitas Catur Insan Cendekia (CIC) monitoring keamanan ruangan masih menggunakan CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) analog yang dihubungkan langsung dengan DVR (Digital Video Recorder) jika jumlah port DVR tidak memenuhi jumlah kamera yang akan digunakan maka harus menyediakan DVR yang baru serta untuk melihat hasil rekaman CCTV harus memasuki ruangan yang terpasang DVR, hal tersebut menjadi tidak efesien karena Universitas CIC menerapkan konsep kerja Work From Home (WFH) yang membuat bagian keamanan tidak selalu berada di ruang keamanan tersebut. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membangun sistem monitoring keamanan ruangan menggunakan IP Camera berbasis Android. Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah SDLC model waterfall yang terdiri dari 5 tahapan yaitu analisis, desain, pengkodean, pengujian dan pemeliharaan. Setelah semua tahapan penelitian telah dilakukan, hasil penelitian ini adalah aplikasi monitoring keamanan ruangan dengan IP Camera pada Universitas CIC yang dapat memudahkan petugas keamanan ruangan dalam memantau keamanan ruangan melalui aplikasi pada smartphone Android.
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Cygert, Sebastian, and Andrzej Czyżewski. "Vehicle Detection with Self-Training for Adaptative Video Processing Embedded Platform." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (2020): 5763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175763.
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Traffic monitoring from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras on embedded systems is the subject of the performed experiments. Solving this problem encounters difficulties related to the hardware limitations, and possible camera placement in various positions which affects the system performance. To satisfy the hardware requirements, vehicle detection is performed using a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), named SqueezeDet, while, for tracking, the Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (SORT) algorithm is applied, allowing for real-time processing on an NVIDIA Jetson Tx2. To allow for adaptation of the system to the deployment environment, a procedure was implemented leading to generating labels in an unsupervised manner with the help of background modelling and the tracking algorithm. The acquired labels are further used for fine-tuning the model, resulting in a meaningful increase in the traffic estimation accuracy, and moreover, adding only minimal human effort to the process allows for further accuracy improvement. The proposed methods, and the results of experiments organised under real-world test conditions are presented in the paper.
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Mahamad, Abd Kadir, Sharifah Saon, Hamimi Hashim, Mohd Anuaruddin Ahmadon, and Shingo Yamaguchi. "Cloud-based people counter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (2020): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1849.
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Emergence of Industry 4.0 in current economic trend promotes the usage of Internet of Things (IoT) in product development. Counting people on streets or at entrances of places is indeed beneficial for security, tracking and marketing purposes. The usage of cameras or closed-circuit television (CCTV) for surveillance purposes has emerged the need of tools for the digital imagery content analysis to improve the system. The purpose of this project is to design a cloud-based people counter using Raspberry Pi embedded system and send the received data to ThingSpeak, IoT platform. The initial stage of the project is simulation and coding development using OpenCV and Python. For the hardware development, a Pi camera is used to capture the video footage and monitor the people movement. Raspberry Pi acts as the microcontroller for the system and process the video to perform people counting. Experiment have been conducted to measure the performance of the system in the actual environment, people counting on saved video footage and visualized the data on ThingSpeak platform.
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Abd, Kadir Mahamad, Saon Sharifah, Hashim Hamimi, Anuaruddin Ahmadon Mohd, and Yamaguchi Shingo. "Cloud-based people counter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (2020): 284–91. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1849.
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Emergence of Industry 4.0 in current economic trend promotes the usage of Internet of Things (IoT) in product development. Counting people on streets or at entrances of places is indeed beneficial for security, tracking and marketing purposes. The usage of cameras or closed-circuit television (CCTV) for surveillance purposes has emerged the need of tools for the digital imagery content analysis to improve the system. The purpose of this project is to design a cloud-based people counter using Raspberry Pi embedded system and send the received data to ThingSpeak, IoT platform. The initial stage of the project is simulation and coding development using OpenCV and Python. For the hardware development, a Pi camera is used to capture the video footage and monitor the people movement. Raspberry Pi acts as the microcontroller for the system and process the video to perform people counting. Experiment have been conducted to measure the performance of the system in the actual environment, people counting on saved video footage and visualized the data on ThingSpeak platform.
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Karuna, G., A. Srinith Reddy, K. Vishal, E. Pavan, and Gaurav Singh Negi. "Smart and Sustainable Surveillance System." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001030.
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Safety and security are major concerns in the modern day. People and organizations can employ security mechanisms to safeguard their property for their homes or commercial enterprises. Present security systems involve the utilization of Assorted Sensors in cameras for video surveillance. This paper aims at providing one such idea to ensure the protection and security of one’s property. This technique performs Face Recognition as an authentication procedure when a new face is detected by a snapshot. We propose to present a sensible, smart and sustainable Closed - Circuit Television (CCTV) camera with intrusion detection using the LBPH-Local binary pattern histogram algorithm, SIM-Structural Similarity Index Measure, Haar Cascade Classifier, and TKinter. By utilizing intrusion detection, CCTV cameras record real-time videos and process the video at the time of recording to search out the unwanted people arriving within the surveillance area. Our GUI has different buttons supported with features. Adding DL support would create broad scope in this paper such as with DL we would be able to add up much more functionality. We can have future enhancements on this paper such as creating Portable CCTV, Deadly weapon detection, Accident Detection, Fire Detection.
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Mu, Ching-Yun, and Pin Kung. "Enhancing the Image Pre-Processing for Large Fleets Based on a Fuzzy Approach to Handle Multiple Resolutions." Applied Sciences 14, no. 18 (2024): 8254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14188254.
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Image pre-processing is crucial for large fleet management. Many traffic videos are collected by closed-circuit television (CCTV), which has a fixed area monitoring for image analysis. This paper adopts the front camera installed in large vehicles to obtain moving traffic images, whereas CCTV is more limited. In practice, fleets often install cameras with different resolutions due to cost considerations. The cameras evaluate the front images with traffic lights. This paper proposes fuzzy enhancement with RGB and CIELAB conversions to handle multiple resolutions. This study provided image pre-processing adjustment comparisons, enabling further model training and analysis. This paper proposed fuzzy enhancement to deal with multiple resolutions. The fuzzy enhancement and fuzzy with brightness adjustment produced images with lower MSE and higher PSNR for the images of the front view. Fuzzy enhancement can also be used to enhance traffic light image adjustments. Moreover, this study employed You Only Look Once Version 9 (YOLOv9) for model training. YOLOv9 with fuzzy enhancement obtained better detection performance. This fuzzy enhancement made more flexible adjustments for pre-processing tasks and provided guidance for fleet managers to perform consistent image-enhancement adjustments for handling multiple resolutions.
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Sytsma, Victoria A., Nathan Connealy, and Eric L. Piza. "Environmental Predictors of a Drug Offender Crime Script: A Systematic Social Observation of Google Street View Images and CCTV Footage." Crime & Delinquency 67, no. 1 (2020): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128720910961.
Full textAbstract:
The extent to which environmental context has been considered when developing crime scripts has been limited to descriptions of the locations offenders visit during the crime. This research contributes a description of the environmental characteristics of an open-air drug market and identifies environmental facilitators and inhibitors toward offender actions during a drug-selling crime script. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera footage is combined with Google Street View images to determine whether physical disorder, decay, and “crime generators” characterize the drug market under study. There is little evidence to suggest that the former two dimensions influence the crime sequence; however, crime generators such as retail facilities and bars and liquor stores are environmental facilitators toward a drug-selling crime script; and transit locations, corner stores, and public parks are environmental inhibitors toward the script.
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LEE, BYOUNGMOO, and DONGIL HAN. "REAL-TIME FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTION USING CAMERA SEQUENCE IMAGE IN TUNNEL ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Information Acquisition 04, no. 04 (2007): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878907001393.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we proposed an image processing technique for automatic real time fire and smoke detection in tunnel environment. To avoid the large scale of damage of fire occurring in the tunnel, it is necessary to have a system to sense and minimize the incident as fast as possible. However it is impossible for human observation of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) in tunnel for 24 h. So if the fire and smoke detection system through image processing can warn a fire, it will be very convenient, and it can be possible to minimize damage even when no one is in front of the monitor. The fire and smoke detection is different from forest fire detection as there are elements such as car and tunnel lights and others that are different from the forest environment so an indigenous algorithm has to be developed. The two algorithms proposed in this paper are able to detect the exact position at the earlier stage of incident. In addition, by comparing properties of each algorithm throughout experiment, we have proved the validity and efficiency of proposed algorithm.
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Tulandhar, Rujika, Punchet Thammarak, and Said Elias. "CCTV Camera Array for the Displacement and Strain Measurement of a Beam Specimen in a Laboratory." Buildings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111778.
Full textAbstract:
The available conventional sensors, like displacement transducers, used in the Structural Engineering Laboratory are expensive. In addition to that, the need for data acquisition devices also escalates the expense invested in point contact measurement systems. The recent appeal of vision-based measurement and the search for cost-effectiveness has led to an exploration of the established sampling moiré method using cheap closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras as a viable option. The sampling moiré method is simple and analyzes the displacements from grating images by a phase-shifting method. Several trial experiments were conducted, which demonstrated that the setup is at least as accurate as the traditional measuring system. An experiment was conducted on a steel I-beam for displacement measurement, which displayed satisfactory results. In addition, the setup was also tested for strain measurement, and it has yielded promising results that need fine-tuning. This paper discusses the challenges, findings, and the possibility of incorporating vision-based displacement measurements in laboratory platforms.