Journal articles: 'Closed-loop PID controller'

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Gupta, Suraj, and Pabitra Kumar Biswas. "Comparative Study of PID, PD-FLC and PID-FLC for Active Magnetic Bearing." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 21, no. 5 (2023): 713–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.5.1875.

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In this manuscript, a closed loop active magnetic bearing system (AMB) is proposed, dynamically modelled and linearized in form of unstable transfer function. To achieve proper bearing operation, the proposed AMB system is controlled by two separate controllers, one to control the current in the electromagnet coils by forming an inner closed loop and second to stabilize the position of the suspending object at equilibrium. To maintain the position of suspending object at equilibrium, for the proposed AMB system (considering inner closed loop as unity) a conventional PID controller, a PD-fuzzy logic controller (PD-FLC) and a PID-fuzzy logic controller (PID-FLC) is designed and their performance is observed and compared. Later, the effect of designed controllers on the complete proposed AMB system is studied with the help of control system plots and improvement among their performances is observed. The plotted step responses and calculated transient state parameters will verify that by changing the conventional PID controller to a PID-FLC could result in 48.34% improvement in overshoot, 41.52% increment in speed of response and 32.23% increment in the relative stability.

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Zhuchenko, Anatolii, and Redrikh Putiatin. "Method for PID-tuning via feedback control system pole placement." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 4 (December 23, 2022): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2022.269779.

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Pole placement is the only PID-tuning technic that allows one to obtain a control system with desired, and, moreover, highly predictable performance and control quality. Number of controller tuning parameters is equal to number of poles closed-loop poles it can precicely place, so that PID-controller can place exactly three poles, and PI- can place only two. For this reason PI-controller is best used with first-order processes (second-order closed loop system), and PID-controller with second-orded ones (third-order closed loop system). However, many processes have higher order than two, and still are controlled with PID-controllers. To tune it using pole placement techniques, it is necessary to consider only dominant poles, which affect performance of the system to the greatest extent. First, it is necessary to study a PI-controller with a second-order process, which is the most basic case. Tuning is performed using global optimization methods to fit dominant poles of a tuned system to dominant poles of a reference system.

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Dhanabalan, Gnanasekaran, Sankar Tamil Selvi, and Miroslav Mahdal. "Scan Time Reduction of PLCs by Dedicated Parallel-Execution Multiple PID Controllers Using an FPGA." Sensors 22, no. 12 (2022): 4584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124584.

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A programmable logic controller (PLC) executes a ladder diagram (LD) using input and output modules. An LD also has PID controller function blocks. It contains as many PID function blocks as the number of process parameters to be controlled. Adding more process parameters slows down PLC scan time. Process parameters are measured as analog signals. The analog input module in the PLC converts these analog signals into digital signals and forwards them to the PID controller as inputs. In this research work, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based multiple PID controller is proposed to retain PLC scan time at a lower value. Concurrent execution of multiple PID controllers was assured by assigning separate FPGA hardware resources for every PID controller. Digital input to the PID controller is routed by the novel idea of analog to digital conversion (ADC), performed using a digital to analog converter (DAC), comparator, and FPGA. ADC combined with dedicated PID controller logic in an FPGA for every closed-loop control system confirms concurrent execution of multiple PID controllers. The time required to execute two closed-loop controls was identified as 18.96000004 ms. This design can be used either with or without a PLC.

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Zhu, Jie Tang, Shi Ying Zhang, Jiao Chen, Lei Luo, and Peng Gao. "A Study of Turbine Engine PID Control Method Based on Closed-Loop Gain Shaping Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.143.

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This paper aims at the application of closed-loop gain shaping algorithm in turbine engine PID control. It introduces calculation examples, showing how to build a PID controller through parameters with physical significances; it also establishes mathematic models of turbine engine and fuel supply system, in order to test the performances of the PID controller, based on the comparison between PID controllers of series type and closed-loop gain shaping. Simultaneously, simulations are conducted using Matlab. The Simulations indicate no overshoot, proper control time as well as a narrow range of amplitude of oscillation. Therefore, the study succeeds in proving that the closed-loop gain shaping PID controller has excellent performance and good robustness, which is particularly useful for turbine engine control system.

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Arof, Saharul, Emilia Noorsal, Saiful Zaimy Yahaya, et al. "Pole placement tuning of proportional integral derivative feedback controller for knee extension model." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 34, no. 3 (2024): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1566-1581.

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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has shown potential in rehabilitative exercises for patients recovering from spinal cord injuries. In recent developments, conventional open-loop FES control techniques have evolved into closed-loop systems that employ feedback controllers for automation. However, closed-loop FES systems often face challenges due to muscle non-linear effects, such as fatigue, time delays, stiffness, and spasticity. Therefore, an accurate non-linear knee model is required during the design stage, and precise tuning of the feedback controller parameters is vital. A proportional– integral–derivative (PID) controller is commonly used as a feedback controller due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, most PID tuning methods are complex and time consuming. This paper investigates the viability of employing the pole placement technique for tuning a PID controller that regulates the non-linear knee extension model. The pole placement method aims to improve the control and adaptability of the PID controller in closed-loop FES systems, specifically by facilitating knee extension exercises. MATLAB Simulink was used to assess the effectiveness of this tuning approach. Results showed that the PID controller performed satisfactorily without non-linearities, but performance varied with the inclusion of specific non-linearities. The pole placement tuning method facilitated preliminary assessments of PID controller performance, preceding highly advanced optimization.

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Arof, Saharul, Emilia Noorsal, Saiful Zaimy Yahaya, et al. "Pole placement tuning of proportional integral derivative feedback controller for knee extension model." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 34, no. 3 (2024): 1566–81. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1566-1581.

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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has shown potential in rehabilitative exercises for patients recovering from spinal cord injuries. In recent developments, conventional open-loop FES control techniques have evolved into closed-loop systems that employ feedback controllers for automation. However, closed-loop FES systems often face challenges due to muscle non-linear effects, such as fatigue, time delays, stiffness, and spasticity. Therefore, an accurate non-linear knee model is required during the design stage, and precise tuning of the feedback controller parameters is vital. A proportional– integral–derivative (PID) controller is commonly used as a feedback controller due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, most PID tuning methods are complex and time consuming. This paper investigates the viability of employing the pole placement technique for tuning a PID controller that regulates the non-linear knee extension model. The pole placement method aims to improve the control and adaptability of the PID controller in closed-loop FES systems, specifically by facilitating knee extension exercises. MATLAB Simulink was used to assess the effectiveness of this tuning approach. Results showed that the PID controller performed satisfactorily without non-linearities, but performance varied with the inclusion of specific non-linearities. The pole placement tuning method facilitated preliminary assessments of PID controller performance, preceding highly advanced optimization.

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Mfoumboulou, Yohan Darcy. "Design of a model reference adaptive PID control algorithm for a tank system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp300-318.

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This paper describes the design of an adaptive controller based on model reference adaptive PID control (MRAPIDC) to stabilize a two-tank process when large variations of parameters and external disturbances affect the closed-loop system. To achieve that, an innovative structure of the adaptive PID controller is defined, an additional PI is designed to make sure that the reference model produces stable output signals and three adaptive gains are included to guarantee stability and robustness of the closed-loop system. Then, the performance of the model reference adaptive PID controller on the behaviour of the closed-loop system is compared to a PI controller designed on MATLAB when both closed-loop systems are under various conditions. The results demonstrate that the MRAPIDC performs significantly better than the conventional PI controller.

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Yohan, Darcy Mfoumboulou. "Design of a model reference adaptive PID control algorithm for a tank system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (2021): 300–318. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp300-318.

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This paper describes the design of an adaptive controller based on model reference adaptive PID control (MRAPIDC) to stabilize a two-tank process when large variations of parameters and external disturbances affect the closed-loop system. To achieve that, an innovative structure of the adaptive PID controller is defined, an additional PI is designed to make sure that the reference model produces stable output signals and three adaptive gains are included to guarantee stability and robustness of the closed-loop system. Then, the performance of the model reference adaptive PID controller on the behaviour of the closed-loop system is compared to a PI controller designed on MATLAB when both closed-loop systems are under various conditions. The results demonstrate that the MRAPIDC performs significantly better than the conventional PI controller.

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K, Aseem, and Selva Kumar S. "Closed loop control of DC-DC converters using PID and FOPID controllers." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1323-1332.

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Fractional order controllers are nowadays used in various power electronic converters as it is giving superior control performance compared with conventional PID controllers. This paper presents the closed loop control of different DC-DC converters using PID controllers and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers. The closed loop control of the basic converters such as buck, boost, buck-boost converters and dual input single output DC-DC converters were designed, modeled and analyzed using conventional PID controller and FOPID controllers. The performance of the controllers are compared in terms of the different time domain specifications like overshoot, rise time, settling time, etc. and simulated in MATLAB Simulink platform. For all types of the DC-DC converters, FOPID controller gives far better performance compared with conventional PID controllers.

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Aseem, K., and Kumar S. Selva. "Closed loop control of DC-DC converters using PID and FOPID controllers." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1323–32. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1323-1332.

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Fractional order controllers are nowadays used in various power electronic converters as it is giving superior control performance compared with conventional PID controllers. This paper presents the closed loop control of different DC-DC converters using PID controllers and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers. The closed loop control of the basic converters such as buck, boost, buck-boost converters and dual input single output DC-DC converters were designed, modeled and analyzed using conventional PID controller and FOPID controllers. The performance of the controllers are compared in terms of the different time domain specifications like overshoot, rise time, settling time, etc. and simulated in MATLAB Simulink platform. For all types of the DC-DC converters, FOPID controller gives far better performance compared with conventional PID controllers.

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Yang, Ke, Jianhua Li, Jiajie Yang, and Lixin Xu. "Research on Adaptive Closed-Loop Control of Microelectromechanical System Gyroscopes under Temperature Disturbance." Micromachines 15, no. 9 (2024): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15091102.

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Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes are inertial sensors used to measure angular velocity. Due to their small size and low power consumption, MEMS devices are widely employed in consumer electronics and the automotive industry. MEMS gyroscopes typically use closed-loop control systems, which often use PID controllers with fixed parameters. These classical PID controllers require a trade-off between overshoot and rise time. However, temperature variations can cause changes in the gyroscope’s parameters, which in turn affect the PID controller’s performance. To address this issue, this paper proposes an adaptive PID controller that adjusts its parameters in response to temperature-induced changes in the gyroscope’s characteristics, based on the error value. A closed-loop control system using the adaptive PID was developed in Simulink and compared with a classical PID controller. The results demonstrate that the adaptive PID controller effectively tracked the changes in the gyroscope’s parameters, reducing overshoot by 96% while maintaining a similar rise time. During gyroscope startup, the adaptive PID controller achieves faster stabilization with a 0.036 s settling time, outperforming the 0.06 s of the conventional PID controller.

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Manju Prasad, M., and M. A. Inayathullah. "Root locus approach in design of PID controller for cruise control application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2115, no. 1 (2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2115/1/012023.

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Abstract The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is an effective and common feedback control design used in closed loop control systems. One such best consideration of closed loop control system would be cruise control system. This is a system that automatically controls the speed of an electric vehicle despite external disturbances. In this paper, the goal is to design a PID controller using root locus technique for a closed loop cruise control system. By root locus approach, the controller constants and controller design is finalized. Simulation results through MATLAB environment validate the effectiveness of controller design.

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Chen, Ying. "SPWM Inverter Closed-Loop PID Control System." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1367.

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Along with the development of power electronic technology, various inverters are widely used in all sectors. the advanced modern control theory and methods have been applied in the inverter, which made the stability and reliability for the inverter have improved greatly. In this paper analyses the working principle for SPWM inverter that used voltage and current cut-loop PID control strategy, in the voltage loop and current loop make use of its transfer function to both no-load and full load conditions for digital simulation, and get different Bode diagrams, meanwhile also analyses the different simulation results for system that without add PID controller and join PID controller, with the analyze results can determine the open-loop frequency characteristics of various parameters for the closed- loop system, and to ensure the output inverter to achieve the intended targets.

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Pangaribuan, Timbang, Sahat Parulian Siahaan, and Shyh Leh Chen. "How A PID Controlling A Nonlinear Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 188 (2020): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018800025.

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This paper investigates the weakness of feedback controller to find the best parameter of PID controller of a nonlinear inverted pendulum system (NL-IPS). Stability and performance analysis of a NL-IPS are carried out with combination of feedback and PID controllers. It is found that the NL-IPS which was stabilized by feedback controller provides some weakness. By addition of PID controller on closed loop NL-IPS will provide better tracking and response on zero steady state error.

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S. Sánchez, Allan G., Josué Soto-Vega, Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle, and Martín Antonio Rodríguez-Licea. "Fractional-Order Approximation of PID Controller for Buck–Boost Converters." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (2021): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060591.

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Viability of a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (PID) approximation to regulate voltage in buck–boost converters is investigated. The converter applications range not only to high-power ones but also in micro/nano-scale systems from biomedicine for energy management/harvesting. Using a classic closed-loop control diagram the controller effectiveness is determined. Fractional calculus is considered due to its ability at modeling different types of systems accurately. The non-integer approach is integrated into the control strategy through a Laplacian operator biquadratic approximation to generate a flat phase curve in the system closed-loop frequency response. The controller synthesis considers both robustness and closed-loop performance to ensure a fast and stable regulation characteristic. A simple tuning method provides the appropriate gains to meet design requirements. The superiority of proposed approach, determined by comparing the obtained time constants with those from typical PID controllers, confirms it as alternative to controller non-minimum phases systems. Experimental realization of the resulting controller, implemented through resistor–capacitor (RC) circuits and operational amplifiers (OPAMPs) in adder configuration, confirms its effectiveness and viability.

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Baskys, Algirdas. "A Combined Controller for Closed-Loop Control Systems Affected by Electromagnetic Interference." Sensors 24, no. 5 (2024): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051466.

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In this paper, a new approach for the solution of the electromagnetic interference impact problem in closed-loop control systems with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is proposed. The approach is based on the application of a combined controller that consists of three controllers: PID, PI and I, when only one of them is operating at a time, and which one is operating determines the control error value. The proposed combined controller allows for achieving better resistance of the control system to the noise signals produced by electromagnetic interference compared to PID and PID with low-pass filters in derivative term controllers without deteriorating the dynamic performance of the control system. The operation of the controller has been analysed using simulation and experiments with plants, the dynamics of which are described by first-order plus dead-time transfer functions.

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Budin, Nur Syahirah Eshah, and Khairuddin Osman. "Modelling and proportional-integral-derivative controller design for position analysis of the 3-degree of freedom." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp62-70.

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A closed-loop system or which can also be known as a feedback system helps the system to achieve the desired output by comparing the input and the output values. If any difference is detected, the closed-loop system will create an error signal and automatically responds to it. Other than that, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller has a feedback mechanism. Thus, this creates the curiosity whether the closed-loop system and PID which both have the characteristic of a feedback system, can give the same. In this paper, the comparison of the model of 3 degree of freedom (DOF) Mitsubishi RV2-AJ is being made between two models of a robot arm that has a closed-loop system but only one that is embedded with PID controller while the other one is not, these two are simulated for different positions. The new model is created by using Solidworks which is later exported to Matlab-Simulink. The results from MATLAB-Simulink show that the model which is equipped with a PID controller has better results in terms of the rise time and percentage of overshoot. These results confirm the effectiveness of PID controller in producing smaller errors in the systems even when both models are created together with closed-loop systems.

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Nur, Syahirah Eshah Budin1, and Osman1 2. Khairuddin. "Modelling and proportional-integral-derivative controller design for position analysis of the 3-degree of freedom." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (2022): 62–70. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp62-70.

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A closed-loop system or which can also be known as a feedback system helps the system to achieve the desired output by comparing the input and the output values. If any difference is detected, the closed-loop system will create an error signal and automatically responds to it. Other than that, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller has a feedback mechanism. Thus, this creates the curiosity whether the closed-loop system and PID which both have the characteristic of a feedback system, can give the same. In this paper, the comparison of the model of 3 degree of freedom (DOF) Mitsubishi RV2-AJ is being made between two models of a robot arm that has a closed-loop system but only one that is embedded with PID controller while the other one is not, these two are simulated for different positions. The new model is created by using Solidworks which is later exported to Matlab-Simulink. The results from MATLAB-Simulink show that the model which is equipped with a PID controller has better results in terms of the rise time and percentage of overshoot. These results confirm the effectiveness of PID controller in producing smaller errors in the systems even when both models are created together with closed-loop systems.

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Abdelelah Kidher Mahmood and Bassam Fadel Mohammed. "Design of Fractional Order PID Controller Based Particle Swarm." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 4 (2014): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2014.07402.

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Fractional order PID (FOPID) controller is a special kind of PID controller whose derivative and integral order are fractional rather than integer which has five parameters to be tuned. This paper presents study of the implementation of tuning method and performance enhancement of the closed loop system by use of the fractional order PID (PIλDμ) controller utilizing a MATLAB/Simulink. The tuning methods for these type controllers have many mixed tools of the available optimization methods and update artificial optimization methods in the design. In this paper particle swarm optimization has been implemented to design FOPID controller in which the unknown parameters are determined minimizing a given integral of time weighted absolute error (ITAE). The main specification of this paper is that the all five parameters of (PIλDμ) have been found directly without spreading the steps. It has been shown that the response and performance of the closed loop system with FOPID controller is much better than integer order PID controller for the same system and with better robustness.

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Ahmad, Saudi Samosir, and Sutikno Tole. "Simple formula for designing the PID controller of a DC-DC buck converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System 14, no. 01 (2023): 327~336. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp327-336.

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This paper proposes a simple way to design a proportional integral derivative proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for a DC-DC buck converter. This work concerns getting the formula to calculate Kp, Ki, and Kd parameters from a PID controller easily. The main advantage of this formula is that the tuning process of the KP, KI and KD parameters of the PID controller will be simplified just by entering the R, L, and C component values of the buck converter into the formula. The synthesis process of the formula is explained step by step. State space analysis is used to model the equations and transfer functions of the buck converter. The transfer function of the PID controller and buck converter was analyzed to obtain the Buck Converter system's closed loop transfer function. The formula for calculating the parameters KP, KI and KD of the PID controller is derived from the closed loop transfer function of the buck converter system. Numerical simulations are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PID controller. The performance of the buck converter controlled by the proposed PID controller was tested under various load conditions.

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Nasser, Mohamed Ramli *. Haslinda Zabiri. "CONTROL STRATEGIES OF HEAT EXCHANGER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 2 (2017): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.266778.

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This work consists of experimental work for heat exchanger. The approach are made for comparison purpose instead of validation of experimental data. Behaviors of heat exchanger are to be observed through these approaches under two different control systems, open loop and closed loop response. The one concern is the closed loop control system, at which the behaviors are study and clarify. However, for closed loop control system to be established, some data such as PI, and PID values must be calculated from the open loop control system. Then, behaviors are justified through some calculations using established tuning method available in literature such as IMC based PI controller and using Ziegler-Nichols formula based PID controller.

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Sain, Chiranjit, Atanu Banerjee, and Pabitra Kumar Biswas. "Comparative Performance Study for Closed Loop Operation of an Adjustable Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with Different Controllers." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 4 (2016): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1085-1099.

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In this paper an extensive comparative study is carried out between PI and PID controlled closed loop model of an adjustable speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive. The incorporation of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) strategy establishes near sinusoidal armature phase currents and comparatively less torque ripples without sacrificing torque/weight ratio. In this closed loop model of PMSM drive, the information about reference speed is provided to a speed controller, to ensure that actual drive speed tracks the reference speed with ideally zero steady state speed error. The entire model of PMSM closed loop drive is divided into two loops, inner loop current and outer loop speed. By taking the different combinations of two classical controllers (PI &amp; PID) related with two loop control structure, different approximations are carried out. Hence a typical comparative study is introduced to familiar with the different performance indices of the system corresponding to time domain and frequency domain specifications. Therefore overall performance of closed loop PMSM drive is tested and effectiveness of controllers will be determined for different combinations.

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Almamoori, Nawres Ali, Bogdan Dziadak, and Ahmad H. Sabry. "Design of a closed-loop autotune PID controller for three-phase for power factor corrector with Vienna rectifier." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 4 (2022): 1798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.3728.

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A closed-loop auto-tuner proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for tuning the DC-link voltage, voltage neutral controllers, and DQ axis current for a power factor corrector with Vienna rectifier is developed and discussed in this study. In traditional tuning of these control loops, it is needed to tune one loop at a time manually, which tends to be a difficult and time-consuming process. In this work, we add a closed-loop PID auto-tuner in the control design will help to simplify and speed up this process by tuning all the 4 PID controllers in a single simulation running in a closed loop. Essentially, it runs auto-tuning experiments for the DQ axis -current, output voltage, and neutral point voltage loops by injecting perturbations; recording the output; estimating the plant frequency response, and tuning the PI controller parameters. In DQ-axis control, projections are used to convert time-based3-phase currents into a time invariant 2-coordinate vector. The results after adding the auto-tuner show that the response time improved considerably when the balanced load was introduced with the individual loads being connected. The results show that the neutral point voltage controller did a good job of keeping the voltage neutral point stable compared to the older controller gains.

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Nawres, Ali Almamoori, Dziadak Bogdan, and H. Sabry Ahmad. "10.11591/eei.v11i4.3728." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 4 (2022): Vienna rectifier. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.3728.

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A closed-loop auto-tuner proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for tuning the DC-link voltage, voltage neutral controllers, and DQ axis current for a power factor corrector with Vienna rectifier is developed and discussed in this study. In traditional tuning of these control loops, it is needed to tune one loop at a time manually, which tends to be a difficult and timeconsuming process. In this work, we add a closed-loop PID auto-tuner in the control design will help to simplify and speed up this process by tuning all the 4 PID controllers in a single simulation running in a closed loop. Essentially, it runs auto-tuning experiments for the DQ axis -current, output voltage, and neutral point voltage loops by injecting perturbations; recording the output; estimating the plant frequency response, and tuning the PI controller parameters. In DQ-axis control, projections are used to convert time-based3-phase currents into a time invariant 2-coordinate vector. The results after adding the auto-tuner show that the response time improved considerably when the balanced load was introduced with the individual loads being connected. The results show that the neutral point voltage controller did a good job of keeping the voltage neutral point stable compared to the older controller gains.

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Fan, Li Ping, and Yi Liu. "Fuzzy Tuning PID Control of the Rolling Mill Main Drive System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.739.

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The main drive system using for four-high mill is usually a double closed loop DC motor speed regulating system. Generally, the speed controller and current controller are PID controllers, and the parameters of controllers are determined by the engineering design method. Once disturbance occur, the control effects are often just passable. In this paper, fuzzy logic is used to set the parameters of the speed PID controller, so as to improve the disturbance rejection ability. Simulation results show that the fuzzy tuning PID controller can give better control effect than the regular control.

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Hondianto, Tommy, Erwin Susanto, and Agung Surya Wibowo. "Model Driven PID Controller in Water Heater System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (2016): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.9652.

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PID controller has been widely used as one of the basic property controllers in industry. However, tuning PID parameters is not simple and also has a few problems in handling slow response systems, such as boiler. Therefore, the Model Driven PID (MD PID) control is designed for solving these problems, especially for plants or processes with slow response. The MD PID is using the model of the plant itself as the basic model of the controller. In this research, we will show the performance of water heater system step response with MD PID controller compared to the conventional PID controller (PI controller). The MD PID closed-loop system is expected to give fast response, stable, and no overshoot.

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Hondianto, Tommy, Erwin Susanto, and Agung Surya Wibowo. "Model Driven PID Controller in Water Heater System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (2016): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.pp1673-1680.

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PID controller has been widely used as one of the basic property controllers in industry. However, tuning PID parameters is not simple and also has a few problems in handling slow response systems, such as boiler. Therefore, the Model Driven PID (MD PID) control is designed for solving these problems, especially for plants or processes with slow response. The MD PID is using the model of the plant itself as the basic model of the controller. In this research, we will show the performance of water heater system step response with MD PID controller compared to the conventional PID controller (PI controller). The MD PID closed-loop system is expected to give fast response, stable, and no overshoot.

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Song, Qiankun, Jigou Liu, Marcelo Lobo Heldwein, and Stefan Klaß. "Intelligent Closed-Loop Fluxgate Current Sensor Using Digital Proportional–Integral–Derivative Control with Single-Neuron Pre-Optimization." Signals 6, no. 2 (2025): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/signals6020014.

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This paper presents a microcontroller-controlled closed-loop fluxgate current sensor utilizing digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control with a single-neuron-based self-pre-optimization algorithm. The digital PID controller within the microcontroller (MCU) regulates the drive circuit to generate a feedback current in the feedback winding based on the zero-flux principle in a closed-loop system. This feedback current is proportional to the measured external current, thereby achieving magnetic compensation. Although PID parameters can be determined using heuristic approaches, empirical formulas, or model-based methods, these techniques are often labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address this challenge, this study implements a single-neuron-based self-pre-optimization algorithm for PID parameters, which autonomously identifies the optimal values for the closed-loop system. Once the PID parameters are optimized, a conventional positional PID algorithm is employed for the closed-loop control of the fluxgate current sensor. The experimental results show that the developed digital closed-loop fluxgate sensor has a non-linearity within 0.1% at the full scale in the measuring ranges of 0–1 A and 0–10 A DC current, with an effective response time of approximately 120 ms. The limitation of the sensors’ response time is found to be ascribed to its open-loop measuring circuit.

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Arrieta, Orlando, Ramon Vilanova, and Pedro Balaguer. "Procedure for Cascade Control Systems Design: Choice of Suitable PID Tunings." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 3, no. 3 (2008): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2008.3.2392.

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This paper provides an approach for the application of PID controllers within a cascade control system configuration. Based on considerations about the expected operating modes of both controllers, the tuning of both inner and outer loop controllers are selected accordingly. This fact motivates the use of a tuning that, for the secondary controller, provides a balanced set-point / load-disturbance performance. A new approach is also provided for the assimilation of the inner closed-loop transfer function to a suitable form for tuning of the outer controller. Due to the fact that this inevitably introduces unmodelled dynamics into the design of the primary controller, a robust tuning is needed.

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Yan, Jian Guo, Ao Xi, Zi Bing Xiao, and Hai Xia Xiong. "The Application of Fuzzy Control in Position Control for Tanker Drag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.553.

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In order to obtain much better control effect, position control system uses position-speed dual closed loop structure in the testing system of hard air refuel tanker drag system. According to the characteristics of nonlinear system, PID controller and fuzzy controller were taken as the outer loop controllers. The simulation results show that the fuzzy control system is superior to PID control. By comparing response curves with different load, it is easy to see that fuzzy control can be more effective than PID control in restraining overshoot and improving the dynamic performance.

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Yamamoto, Toru, Takuya Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Ohnishi, and Sirish L. Shah. "Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Performance-Driven PID Controller." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 5 (2016): 616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0616.

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[abstFig src='/00280005/01.jpg' width='300' text='Outline of the performance-driven PID control system' ] This study proposes a performance-driven control method that performs a “control performance assessment” and a “control system design” from a set of closed-loop data. The method assesses control performance based on the minimum variance control law from closed-loop data. It also calculates a control parameter that improves the control performance from the same closed-loop data by using the fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) method. This method is characterized by not requiring any system model. The effectiveness of this method is verified through a numerical simulation and an application result to a temperature control unit.

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Che Razali, Mashitah, Norhaliza Abdul Wahab, P. Balaguer, M. F. Rahmat, and Sharatul Izah Samsudin. "Singularly Perturbation Method Applied To Multivariable PID Controller Design." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/818353.

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Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are commonly used in process industries due to their simple structure and high reliability. Efficient tuning is one of the relevant issues of PID controller type. The tuning process always becomes a challenging matter especially for multivariable system and to obtain the best control tuning for different time scales system. This motivates the use of singularly perturbation method into the multivariable PID (MPID) controller designs. In this work, wastewater treatment plant and Newell and Lee evaporator were considered as system case studies. Four MPID control strategies, Davison, Penttinen-Koivo, Maciejowski, and Combined methods, were applied into the systems. The singularly perturbation method based on Naidu and Jian Niu algorithms was applied into MPID control design. It was found that the singularly perturbed system obtained by Naidu method was able to maintain the system characteristic and hence was applied into the design of MPID controllers. The closed loop performance and process interactions were analyzed. It is observed that less computation time is required for singularly perturbed MPID controller compared to the conventional MPID controller. The closed loop performance shows good transient responses, low steady state error, and less process interaction when using singularly perturbed MPID controller.

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Xu, Hong Hua, Li Li, and Hong Yu Zhai. "A Fuzzy PID Controller Design and Application." Advanced Materials Research 952 (May 2014): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.279.

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Control system of microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock three triaxial test instrument adopts closed loop control and the control strategy is based on PID control. Because the conventional PID control cannot meet the control accuracy and stability of system, the intelligent fuzzy controller is introduced to realize the automatic processing in control process. The fuzzy PID controller's design procedure is given to determine the fuzzy domain, fuzzy rules, calculating the reference method and defuzzification process of membership function.

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Hayashi, Kayoko, and Toru Yamamoto. "Closed-Loop Data-Oriented Design of a PID Controller." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 23 (2012): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120910-3-jp-4023.00014.

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K Sebasthirani. "Implementation of AI Tuned PID Controller for Speed and Direction Control of BLDC Motor." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 7s (2024): 2221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3957.

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This paper explores BLDC motor control using MATLAB Simulink, focusing on AI tuned PID and fractional PID controllers for closed-loop speed regulation and direction . It involves designing a feedback system comprising sensor feedback, controller, and BLDC motor model. Through iterative tuning, optimal controller parameters are determined for enhanced performance. Simulations were carried out to evaluate response characteristics, stability, and robustness across varying conditions. Experimental validation though hardware-in-the-loop experiments corroborates simulation findings. Performance metrics, including speed accuracy and disturbance rejection, are analyzed to compare the effectiveness of PID and fractional PID controllers. This work provides insights into advanced control techniques for BLDC motors, aiding in the selection of suitable strategies for real-world applications.

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Et. al., G. Sundari,. "PID Controller optimization using Metahuristic Controller with Different Nonlinearities." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1082.

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This paper mainly explains the application of Metaherustic controller for tuning the parameter of PID controller. The minimization of error function has been done by improving the static and dynamic performances of the system like steady state error, Peak Overshoot, and Settling Time. This could be possible by means of applying metaherustic controller like GA in tuning the PID controllers under different Nonlinearities. The main intention of this paper is to support the specifications of PID controller at various Nonlinearities such as sinusoidal and saw tooth noise. The projected scheme derives the wonderful closed-loop response of second order system and then, it provides the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the conventional methods.

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Fong, Ling Kuok, Muhammad Shafiqul Islam, and Mohd Ashraf Ahmad. "Optimized PID Controller of DC-DC Buck Converter based on Archimedes Optimization Algorithm." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 3, no. 4 (2023): 658–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v3i4.1113.

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This research assesses the suitability of the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (AOA) as a metaheuristic technique to fine-tune a PID controller in a closed-loop DC-DC buck converter. The converter's core function is to regulate output voltage, ensuring stability despite load fluctuations and input voltage changes. The operational effectiveness of the converter hinges significantly on the gain settings of the PID controller and determining the optimal gain setting for the PID controller is a non-trivial task. For robust performance, the PID controller necessitates optimal gain settings, attainable through metaheuristic optimization. The algorithm aids in identifying ideal proportional, integral, and derivative gains based on varying load conditions. Leveraging the metaheuristic algorithm, the PID controller is optimized to minimize voltage errors, reduce overshoot, and enhance response time. The proposed PID controller, optimized using AOA, is contrasted with PID controllers tuned via alternative algorithms including the hybrid Nelder-Mead method (AEONM), artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO), differential evolution (DE), and particle swarm optimizer (PSO). Performance evaluation involves injecting a voltage disturbance into the buck converter with load changes of up to 20%. Results demonstrate the superiority of the AOA-optimized PID controller in voltage recovery. It demonstrates a faster response time and outstanding voltage regulation performance, while also exhibiting minimal performance degradation during load changes. This study concludes that the AOA optimization algorithm surpasses other methods in tuning the PID controller for closed-loop DC-DC buck converters.

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So, Gun-Baek. "DS-Based 2-DOF PID Controller of a Regasification System for LNG-Fueled Marine Engine." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (2022): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050606.

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As international regulations on greenhouse gas emissions are becoming stricter, the development of eco-friendly main engines is required for ocean-going ships. To use cryogenic LNG as a fuel for marine engines, it has to be converted to gas. This processing device is called an LNG regasification system. This paper presents a DS-based PID controller for glycol temperature control of a regasification system for LNG-fueled marine engines. In controller design, linear PID controllers have something of a catch-22 relationship: Fast response requires a large gain, which results in a large overshoot. To solve this problem, a DS-based 2-DOF PID controller is considered, which consists of a PID controller to reject disturbances in regulatory response and a set-point filter to reduce overshoot in servo response. The controller design focuses on improving disturbance rejection performance. The DS method is based on comparing the desired closed-loop characteristic equation with the closed-loop characteristic equation consisting of a control object and PID controller. The proposed controller is applied to the glycol temperature control of the regasification system for LNG-fuel marine engines, and its performance is compared with existing methods to show its effectiveness and applicability.

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Dola, Gobinda Padhan, and Kumar Tummala Suresh. "Enhanced performance of PID load frequency controller for power systems." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 8, no. 2 (2019): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i2.pp117-124.

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A novel control structure for designing a PID load frequency controller for power systems is presented. The controller with a single tuning parameter is designed based on a desired closed-loop complementary sensitivity function and Pade approximation. Comparative analysis demonstrates that proposed PID controllers improves the settling time and reduces overshoot effectively against small step load disturbances. Also, the performance and robustness of the controllers have been analyzed and compared. Simulation results show significantly improved performances when compared with recent results.

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Nadezhdin, Igor S., Flavio Manenti, Fransesco Rossi, et al. "Fuzzy adaptive control system of a non-stationary plant with closed-loop passive identifier." Resource-Efficient Technologies, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056529/2015/1/24.

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Typically chemical processes have significant nonlinear dynamics, but despite this, industry is conventionally still using PID-based regulatory control systems. Moreover, process units are interconnected, in terms of inlet and outlet material/energy flows, to other neighboring units, thus their dynamic behavior is strongly influenced by these connections and, as a consequence, conventional control systems performance often proves to be poor. This paper proposes a hybrid fuzzy PID control logic, whose tuning parameters are provided in real time. The fuzzy controller tuning is made on the basis of Mamdani controller, also exploiting the results coming from an identification procedure that is carried on when an unmeasured step disturbance of any shape affects the process behavior. In addition, this paper compares a fuzzy logic based PID with PID regulators whose tuning is performed by standard and well-known methods. In some cases the proposed tuning methodology ensures a control performance that is comparable to that guaranteed by simpler and more common tuning methods. However, in case of dynamic changes in the parameters of the controlled system, conventionally tuned PID controllers do not show to be robust enough, thus suggesting that fuzzy logic based PIDs are definitively more reliable and effective.

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Fan, Liping, and Yi Liu. "Fuzzy Self-Tuning PID Control of the Main Drive System for Four-High Hot Rolling Mill." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 14, no. 01 (2015): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021968671550002x.

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The main drive system used for four-high mill is usually a double closed-loop DC motor speed regulating system. Generally, the speed controller and current controller are proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. The parameters of these controllers are usually determined by the engineering design method and are constant in the whole process. So the controllers can give good control effect in the rated operating condition. Once disturbance occurs, the control effects are often just passable. In this paper, fuzzy logic is used to adjust the parameters of the speed PID controller to improve the disturbance rejection ability. Simulation results show that the fuzzy tuning PID controller can give better control effect than the regular designed PID control.

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Zhang, Jianhua, and Junghui Chen. "Neural PID Control Strategy for Networked Process Control." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/752489.

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A new method with a two-layer hierarchy is presented based on a neural proportional-integral-derivative (PID) iterative learning method over the communication network for the closed-loop automatic tuning of a PID controller. It can enhance the performance of the well-known simple PID feedback control loop in the local field when real networked process control applied to systems with uncertain factors, such as external disturbance or randomly delayed measurements. The proposed PID iterative learning method is implemented by backpropagation neural networks whose weights are updated via minimizing tracking error entropy of closed-loop systems. The convergence in the mean square sense is analysed for closed-loop networked control systems. To demonstrate the potential applications of the proposed strategies, a pressure-tank experiment is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed design method in network process control systems.

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J., S. Madugu. "MICROCOMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL-DERIVATIVE (PID) TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER FOR AN ELECTRIC KETTLE." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 5, no. 8 (2018): 380–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1405543.

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This paper presents a practical implementation of a microcomputer based temperature controller for an electric kettle. The controller is built around AT89S52 microcontroller. A custom electric kettle was constructed on which an open-loop experiment was carried out to obtain its transfer function model. PID control algorithm was then developed as compensator for the system.A printed circuit board was itched, on which the circuit was soldered. assembled and tested. The PID gains (1161, 1210, and 1 respectively) developed from the open-loop ultimate gain method made the system highly unstable. Accordingly, the gains were tuned by trial and error. PID gains of 172.58, 0.0053 and 6.29 respectively were obtained. The responses of the closed-loop system these gains show rise time of 86.30s, settling time of 526s. Over the temperature set points measured, the controller demonstrated an overall steady-state error of 2.02%.

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M.A.S. Zainuddin, Muhammad Abdullah, S. Ahmad, and K.A. Tofrowaih. "Performance Comparison Between Predictive Functional Control and PID Algorithms for Automobile Cruise Control System." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2022): 9460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.09.0728.

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This work presents a performance comparison between a Predictive Functional Control (PFC) and a traditional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller specifically for a cruise control application. The tuning efficacy, constraints handling, and disturbance rejection features of both controllers are analysed by comparing their closed-loop response. A simplified nonlinear vehicle longitudinal dynamics model is derived and utilised as a plant to simulate the control response from a real car. For a fair comparison, both PFC and PID are tuned to achieve the similar desired closed-loop time response. Qualitatively, the results show that PFC provides a better closed-loop response, constraints handling, and disturbance rejection compared to PID. Besides, it is also found that the tuning approach of PFC is more intuitive and practical in nature which can be very handy for the future development of an autonomous cruise control application.

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Khather, Salam Ibrahim, Muhammed Abduljaleel Ibrahim, and Mustafa Hussein Ibrahim. "Dual fuzzy logic PID controller based regulating of dc motor speed control with optimization using Harmony Search algorithm." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 8 (124) (2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.282830.

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This paper discusses the implementation of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for regulating the speed of a closed loop four quadrant chopper fed DC motor. The PID controller is combined with a Dual Fuzzy Logic Controller to form a DFPID controller for enhancing the performance of speed control of the DC motor. The DFLC is optimized using a metaheuristic algorithm known as Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA). The major aim of this research is to gain an effective control over the speed of the motor in the closed loop environment. For achieving this, the parameters for the DFPID are selected through time domain analysis which aims to satisfy the requisites such as settling time and peak overshoot. Initially, the fuzzy logic controller in the DFPID controls the coefficients of the PID achievement gain an effective control over the system error and rate of error change. Further, the DFPID is improved by the HAS for obtaining a precise correction. The solutions obtained by tuning the DFPID controller are evaluated from simulation analysis conducted on a MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The closed loop performance is analyzed in both time and frequency domain analysis and the performance of DFPID is optimized using the HSA algorithm to obtain precise value of the control process. As observed from the Simulation analysis, the DFPID-HSA generates optimized control signals to the DC motor for controlling the speed. The performance of the intended speed control approach is analyzed in terms of different evaluation metrics such as motor speed, torque and armature current. Experimental outcomes show that the proposed approach achieves better control performance and faster speed of DC motor compared to conventional PID controllers and SMC controllers

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Psonis, Theodore K., Pantelis G. Nikolakopoulos, and Epaminondas Mitronikas. "Design of a PID Controller for a Linearized Magnetic Bearing." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/656749.

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This paper presents the study of magnetic bearings regarding a linear model. Initially, the advantages of magnetic bearings are referenced, in relation to the existing technology. Subsequently, the linearized model of the system is presented and the need for closed loop and control of the system is clarified. This need leads to further analysis of linear controllers like P, I, D, PI, PD, and PID. For each of them, the stability of closed loop system is studied, using the characteristic equation of the system and the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. To this end, the boundary conditions for the existence of the stability of each of them are found and presented. After finding the controllers’ characteristic parameters which could provide stability to the system, simulation tests with existence of white noise follow. Finally, the proposed PID controller performance is examined, based on existing laboratory data, and results concerning the stability of this controller are presented.

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Li, Deng Hua, Zhan Xian Chen, and Shuang Zhai. "Double Closed-Loop Controller Design of Brushless DC Torque Motor Based on RBF Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1351.

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For the problem of that the traditional brushless DC torque motor controller position servo system is difficult to track accurately the complex and varied location information, an improved double closed-loop controller is designed in this paper. A self-adaptive PID algorithm based on RBF neural network is employed to design position loop controller and a feed-forward control algorithm is used in the speed loop controller. The improved double closed-loop controller validated the feasibility of the new method for the design of brushless DC torque motor position servo system

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Pham, Hoa Thi Xuan, and Huy Minh Nguyen. "A control method for parallel inverters in Microgrid based on sliding mode and droop controls." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 1 (2016): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i1.609.

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Robust control and flexible operation are the major objectives of islanded microgrid. A microgrid can have different configurations with linear loads and nonlinear loads. The harmonic current caused by nonlinear loads make Proportional Integral (PI) or Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) voltage controller far beyond excellent performance in case of microgrid operating in islanded mode. Additionally, the robustness of the PID closed loop system can not be guaranteed. The voltage control by using Proportional resonant (PR) controller are recommended. Although PR controller has the ability to sinusoidal signals. However, PR controller has a slight deviation of the frequency of selected harmonic component. This paper presents a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for voltage control of parallel inverters operating in islanded microgrid. This controller can enhance the robustness of control system and reduced-state tracking error. The stability of the closed-system is verified by means of Lyapunov stability criterion. The control structure is based on the inner sliding mode closed-loop and the outer droop control loop. The main aim of this paper is to design inner controllers to enhance the dynamics of the microgrid. The results obtained from the simulation of Matlab.

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Ahmed, J. Ali, K. Farej Ziyad, and S. Sultan Nashwan. "Performance evaluation of a hybrid fuzzy logic controller based on genetic algorithm for three phase induction motor drive." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 1 (2019): 117–27. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp117-127.

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It is known that controlling the speed of a three phase Induction Motor (IM) under different operating conditions is an important task and this can be accomplished through the process of controlling the applied voltage on its stator circuit. Conventional Proportional- Integral- Differeantional (PID) controller takes long time in selecting the error signal gain values. In this paper a hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to reduce the selected time for the optimized error signal gain values and as a result inhances the controller and system performance. The proposed controller FL with GA is designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB/ software under different load torque motor operating condition. The simulation result shows that the closed loop system performance efficiency under the controller has a maximum value of 95.92%. In terms of efficiency and at reference speed signal of 146.53 rad/sec, this system performance shows an inhancement of 0.67%,0.49% and 0.05% with respect to the closed loop system efficiency performance of the PID, FL, and PID with GA controllers respectively. Also the simulation result of the well designed and efficient GA in speeding up the process of selecting the gain values, makes the system to have an efficiency improvement of 14.42% with respect to the open loop system performance.

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Zhu, Qi, Yan Wu, and Yu An He. "Research and Develop of Tube Catching Manipulator Control System Based on DMC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 623 (August 2014): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.623.182.

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This paper introduces the tube catching manipulator control system based on DMC, elaborating hardware and software of the whole control system, applying the PID algorithm and closed-loop feedback, putting forward a control system combined increment PID controller and double closed-loop compensation. It makes the manipulator position more accurately and run more stably.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Closed-loop PID controller'

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