Relevant bibliographies by topics / Closed set

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Closed set'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Closed set"

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Riyadh Kareem, Noor, and . "Fuzzy tgp-closed sets and fuzzy t^* gp-closed sets." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24229.

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In this paper, we aim to address the idea of fuzzy -set and fuzzy -set in fuzzy topological space to present new types of the fuzzy closed set named fuzzy -closed set and fuzzy -closed set. We will study several examples and explain the relations of them with other classes of fuzzy closed sets. Moreover, in a fuzzy locally indiscrete space we can see that these two sets are the same.
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Chafetz, Jill. "The closed-class vocabulary as a closed set." Applied Psycholinguistics 15, no. 3 (July 1994): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400065899.

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AbstractChildren who have normal language development are aware of the distinction between closed-class and open-class words at a very early age. In order to test to what extent children know the closed class to be, in fact, closed, 104 children aged 3 to 5 years participated in a sentence repetition task. Each sentence contained a nonsense word that fulfilled either an open-class or a closed-class function. Children were more likely to repeat sentences correctly when the nonsense words functioned in open-class, rather than in closed-class, contexts. In addition, older children correctly repeated more sentences containing nonsense words that functioned in closed-class contexts than younger children. This last result shows a mechanism by which children may acquire new closed-class words. The theoretical implications of the results are also discussed relative to children with specific language impairments, especially in terms of their reliance on semantic value in word acquisition.
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Clopper, Cynthia G., David B. Pisoni, and Adam T. Tierney. "Effects of Open-Set and Closed-Set Task Demands on Spoken Word Recognition." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 17, no. 05 (May 2006): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17.5.4.

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Closed-set tests of spoken word recognition are frequently used in clinical settings to assess the speech discrimination skills of hearing-impaired listeners, particularly children. Speech scientists have reported robust effects of lexical competition and talker variability in open-set tasks but not closed-set tasks, suggesting that closed-set tests of spoken word recognition may not be valid assessments of speech recognition skills. The goal of the current study was to explore some of the task demands that might account for this fundamental difference between open-set and closed-set tasks. In a series of four experiments, we manipulated the number and nature of the response alternatives. Results revealed that as more highly confusable foils were added to the response alternatives, lexical competition and talker variability effects emerged in closed-set tests of spoken word recognition. These results demonstrate a close coupling between task demands and lexical competition effects in lexical access and spoken word recognition processes.
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JudeImmaculate, H., and I. Arockiarani. "On Generalized D-Closed Set." International Journal of Computer Applications 89, no. 18 (March 26, 2014): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/15730-4530.

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Chen, Guantao, Hein van der Holst, Alexandr Kostochka, and Nana Li. "Extremal Union-Closed Set Families." Graphs and Combinatorics 35, no. 6 (September 10, 2019): 1495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00373-019-02087-2.

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Modak, Shyamapada, and Takashi Noiri. "Remarks on locally closed set." Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica 22, no. 1 (June 10, 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/acutm.2018.22.06.

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Al-Taha, Sarab A. "The multiplicative closed set Sa." Pure Mathematical Sciences 2 (2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/pms.2013.13014.

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Khudair, Huda F., and Fatimah M. Mohammed. "Generalized of A-Closed Set and Ƈ- Closed Set in Fuzzy Neutrosophic Topological Spaces." International Journal of Neutrosophic Science 19, no. 2 (2022): 08–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/ijns.190201.

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In this research paper, a new two classes of sets called fuzzy neutrosophic generalized A-closed sets and fuzzy neutrosophic generalized Ƈ-Closed sets in fuzzy neutrosophic topology are introduced and some of their properties have been investigated. We give some theorems, propositions and some necessary examples related to presented definitions. Then, we discuss the relations among the new defined sets.
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Grandoni, Fabrizio, Anupam Gupta, Stefano Leonardi, Pauli Miettinen, Piotr Sankowski, and Mohit Singh. "Set Covering with Our Eyes Closed." SIAM Journal on Computing 42, no. 3 (January 2013): 808–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100802888.

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Dustor, Adam. "Matlab Based Closed Set Speaker Recognition." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 1 (February 2003): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)33747-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Closed set"

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James, William. "Closed set logic in categories /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj29.pdf.

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Brickhill, Hazel. "Generalising the notions of closed unbounded and stationary set." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730854.

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Gedik, Berk. "Evaluation of Text-Independent and Closed-Set Speaker Identification Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239625.

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Speaker recognition is the task of recognizing a speaker of a given speech record and it has wide application areas. In this thesis, various machine learning models such as Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), k-Nearest Neighbor(k-NN) Model and Support Vector Machines (SVM) and feature extraction methods such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC) are investigated for the speaker recognition task. Combinations of those models and feature extraction methods are evaluated on many datasets varying on the number of speakers and training data size. This way, the performance of methods in different settings are analyzed. As results, it is found that GMM and KNN methods are providing good accuracies and LPCC method performs better than MFCC. Also, the effect of audio recording duration, training data duration and number of speakers on the prediction accuracy is analyzed.
Talarigenkänning är en benämning på tekniker som syftar till att identifiera en talare givet en inspelning av dennes röst; dessa tekniker har ett brett användningsområde. I det här examensarbetet tillämpas ett antal maskininlärningsmodeller på uppgiften att känna igen talare. Modellerna är Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM), k-Nearest Neighbour(k-NN) och Support Vector Machine(SVM). Olika tekniker för att ta fram  variabler till modelleringen provas, såsom Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) och Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC). Teknikernas lämplighet för talarigenkänning undersöks. Kombinationer av ovan nämnda modeller och tekniker utvärderas över många olika dataset som skiljer sig åt i antalet talare samt mängden data. På så sätt utvärderas och analyseras de olika metoderna för olika förut- sättningar. Resultaten innehåller bland annat utfallen att både GMM och kNN ger hög träffsäkerhet medan LPCC ger högre träffsäkerhet än MFCC. Även effekten av inspelningslängden för de olika rösterna, den sammanlagda längden på träningsdatan samt antalet talare på de olika modellerna analyseras och presenteras.
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Al-Kaltakchi, Musab Tahseen Salahaldeen. "Robust text independent closed set speaker identification systems and their evaluation." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3978.

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This thesis focuses upon text independent closed set speaker identi cation. The contributions relate to evaluation studies in the presence of various types of noise and handset e ects. Extensive evaluations are performed on four databases. The rst contribution is in the context of the use of the Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) with original speech recordings from only the TIMIT database. Four main simulations for Speaker Identi cation Accuracy (SIA) are presented including di erent fusion strategies: Late fusion (score based), early fusion (feature based) and early-late fusion (combination of feature and score based), late fusion using concatenated static and dynamic features (features with temporal derivatives such as rst order derivative delta and second order derivative delta-delta features, namely acceleration features), and nally fusion of statistically independent normalized scores. The second contribution is again based on the GMM-UBM approach. Comprehensive evaluations of the e ect of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), and Non-Stationary Noise (NSN) (with and without a G.712 type handset) upon identi cation performance are undertaken. In particular, three NSN types with varying Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs) were tested corresponding to: street tra c, a bus interior and a crowded talking environment. The performance evaluation also considered the e ect of late fusion techniques based on score fusion, namely mean, maximum, and linear weighted sum fusion. The databases employed were: TIMIT, SITW, and NIST 2008; and 120 speakers were selected from each database to yield 3,600 speech utterances. The third contribution is based on the use of the I-vector, four combinations of I-vectors with 100 and 200 dimensions were employed. Then, various fusion techniques using maximum, mean, weighted sum and cumulative fusion with the same I-vector dimension were used to improve the SIA. Similarly, both interleaving and concatenated I-vector fusion were exploited to produce 200 and 400 I-vector dimensions. The system was evaluated with four di erent databases using 120 speakers from each database. TIMIT, SITW and NIST 2008 databases were evaluated for various types of NSN namely, street-tra c NSN, bus-interior NSN and crowd talking NSN; and the G.712 type handset at 16 kHz was also applied. As recommendations from the study in terms of the GMM-UBM approach, mean fusion is found to yield overall best performance in terms of the SIA with noisy speech, whereas linear weighted sum fusion is overall best for original database recordings. However, in the I-vector approach the best SIA was obtained from the weighted sum and the concatenated fusion.
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Bishop, Gregory J. "Ultrafilters generated by a closed set of functions and K- covering sets /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914823645.

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Maringanti, Rajaram Seshu. "INVERSE-DISTANCE INTERPOLATION BASED SET-POINT GENERATION METHODS FOR CLOSED-LOOP COMBUSTION CONTROL OF A CIDI ENGINE." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253553419.

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Patterson, Karen Ann. "Discrimination of Time-Compressed Speech Stimuli: a Comparison Study Using a Closed-Set Task With Older Adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330682/.

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Use of time-compressed speech stimuli has been found to be clinically effective in differential diagnosis of lesions of the temporal lobe. However, notably absent from the literature is information concerning performance of adults on time-compressed closed-set speech discrimination tasks. The goal of this study mas to compare performance of 12 males and 12 females between age 50 and age 70 on a time-compressed closed-set speech discrimination test against the performance of 12 males and 12 females between age 10 and age 28 on the same task. The Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test (WPI) was presented in both non-compressed and time-compressed conditions to all subjects. Previous research suggests that a difference in performance between age groups and between males and females in the older age group should be expected. Average results indicated negligible differences between age or gender groups under any of the conditions tested. Additionally, the test yielded perfect or near perfect scores for all subjects in the non-compressed condition. Lack of differentiation of results suggests that the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification CUIPI) may be insensitive to the discrimination disorders expected in older adults, that the subjects included in the study were atypical of older adults in general and therefore such discrimination disorders did not exist in the sample, or that the subjects in the study uiere able to apply some type of compensatory strategies which resulted in the unexpected performance.
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Whisenant, Christopher. "Parity Domination in Product Graphs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2522.

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An odd open dominating set of a graph is a subset of the graph’s vertices with the property that the open neighborhood of each vertex in the graph contains an odd number of vertices in the subset. An odd closed r-dominating set is a subset of the graph’s vertices with the property that the closed r-ball centered at each vertex in the graph contains an odd number of vertices in the subset. We first prove that the n-fold direct product of simple graphs has an odd open dominating set if and only if each factor has an odd open dominating set. Secondly, we prove that the n-fold strong product of simple graphs has an odd closed r-dominating set if and only if each factor has an odd closed r-dominating set.
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Felippe, Alana Cavalcante. "Invariantes globais de aplicações estáveis de superfícies fechadas em S²." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4920.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:45:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1037099 bytes, checksum: 73ef343c6773880a845ee58f11f86a80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-18
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation is devoted to the study of stable maps from closed surfaces to the sphere, from a global viewpoint. Associated of such maps domain, we study grafs with integers positive weight in the vertices as invariants, based in the Hacon, Mendes and Romero and works. And associated the image of these maps, we study the minimal contour based in the Kamenosono-Yamamoto work.
Essa dissertação é dedicada ao estudo de aplicações estáveis de superfícies fechadas na esfera, do ponto de vista global. Associado ao domínio de tais aplicações, estudamos grafos com pesos inteiros positivos nos vértices como invariantes, baseado nos trabalhos e de Hacon, Mendes e Romero. E associado à imagem dessas aplicações, estudamos o contorno minimal baseado no trabalho de Kamenosono-Yamamoto.
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Daniels, Marilyn Christine Johanne. ""291" and cultural criticism : to see through closed eyes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26804.

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Alfred Stieglitz and the members of '291' are most often remembered in the art historical literature for introducing modernism into America through the work of European artists and through the integration of current European formal experiments into the work of American artists. While some authors have referred to the fact that this modernism, as presented by 291, was intended to critique society, any analysis of that critique is conspicuously missing. Also absent is an analysis of what one contemporary critic referred to as the "queer symbolism lurking at the Post-Impressionist hypothesis." In this thesis the following questions are asked: what was 291's critique and why did they insist upon the expression of the 'irrational' states of the psyche — passion, intuition and imagination, in their art. By situating 291 within its particular set of contexts I attempt to explain what their position represented — to the members themselves and to their rivals.
Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Closed set"

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Limit theorems for unions of random closed sets. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Institute, Pennsylvania Bar. Protecting your client's future: Medicare set asides & structured settlements: closing your file and keeping it closed. [Mechanicsburg, Pa.]: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2011.

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Jung, A. Cartesian closed categories of domains. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, 1989.

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Kathleen, McKinney, and Sprecher Susan 1955-, eds. Sexuality in close relationships. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1991.

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Young, Tom. Timeline: Learning to see with my eyes closed. Staunton, Va: George F. Thompson Pub., 2012.

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Vickery, Amanda. Behind closed doors in Georgian England. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.

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A, Wilson P., ed. Ekranoplanes: Controlled flight close to the sea. Southampton: WIT Press, 2002.

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Golding, William. Close quarters. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1987.

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Golding, William. Close quarters. London: Faber & Faber, 1987.

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Golding, William. Close quarters. London: Faber and Faber, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Closed set"

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Aubin, Jean-Pierre, and Hèléne Frankowska. "Closed Convex Processes." In Set-Valued Analysis, 1–22. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4848-0_2.

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Dasgupta, Abhijit. "Cantor–Bendixson Analysis of Countable Closed Sets." In Set Theory, 301–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8854-5_16.

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Affek, Michał, and Marek S. Tatara. "Open-Set Speaker Identification Using Closed-Set Pretrained Embeddings." In Intelligent and Safe Computer Systems in Control and Diagnostics, 167–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16159-9_14.

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Ghosh, Anusuya, and Vishnu Narayanan. "Semidefinite Approximation of Closed Convex Set." In Decision Science in Action, 261–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0860-4_20.

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James, William. "Closed Set Sheaves and Their Categories." In Inconsistent Mathematics, 115–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8453-1_12.

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Walsh, J. L. "A Closed Set of Normal Orthogonal Functions." In Joseph L. Walsh, 109–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2114-2_11.

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Kryszkiewicz, Marzena. "Closed Set Based Discovery of Representative Association Rules." In Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis, 350–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44816-0_35.

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Montes, Antonio. "I-Regular Functions on a Locally Closed Set." In The Gröbner Cover, 67–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03904-2_4.

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Chakraborty, Tapas, Bidhan Barai, Bikshan Chatterjee, Nibaran Das, Subhadip Basu, and Mita Nasipuri. "Closed-Set Device-Independent Speaker Identification Using CNN." In Intelligent Computing and Communication, 291–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1084-7_28.

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de Brecht, Matthew, Masanori Kobayashi, Hiroo Tokunaga, and Akihiro Yamamoto. "Inferability of Closed Set Systems from Positive Data." In New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 265–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69902-6_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Closed set"

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Bentahar, Atef, Abdallah Meraoumia, Hakim Bendjenna, Abdelhakim Zeroual, and Tarek Bentahar. "Combination of Closed-Set and Open-Set Biometric Identification." In 2022 4th International Conference on Pattern Analysis and Intelligent Systems (PAIS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pais56586.2022.9946885.

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Grandoni, Fabrizio, Anupam Gupta, Stefano Leonardi, Pauli Miettinen, Piotr Sankowski, and Mohit Singh. "Set Covering with our Eyes Closed." In 2008 IEEE 49th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/focs.2008.31.

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Sachdeva, Ragav, Filipe R. Cordeiro, Vasileios Belagiannis, Ian Reid, and Gustavo Carneiro. "EvidentialMix: Learning with Combined Open-set and Closed-set Noisy Labels." In 2021 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv48630.2021.00365.

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Vidanapathirana, Madhawa, Imesha Sudasingha, Pasindu Kanchana, Jayan Vidanapathirana, and Indika Perera. "Open set person re-identification framework on closed set re-id systems." In 2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siprocess.2017.8124507.

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Bian, Haiyun, Raj Bhatnagar, and Barrington Young. "An Efficient Constraint-Based Closed Set Mining Algorithm." In 2007 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2007.31.

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Xiong, Haipeng, Hao Lu, Chengxin Liu, Liang Liu, Zhiguo Cao, and Chunhua Shen. "From Open Set to Closed Set: Counting Objects by Spatial Divide-and-Conquer." In 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2019.00845.

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Kekre, H. B., and V. Kulkarni. "Closed set and open set Speaker Identification using amplitude distribution of different Transforms." In 2013 International Conference on Advances in Technology and Engineering (ICATE 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icadte.2013.6524764.

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Drenkow, Nathan, Philippe Burlina, Neil Fendley, Onyekachi Odoemene, and Jared Markowitz. "Addressing Visual Search in Open and Closed Set Settings." In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw53098.2021.00125.

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Girshkin, Oren, and Yitzhak Yitzhaky. "Closed-set thermal face recognition via the synthesis approach." In Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, Forensics, and Surveillance Technologies V, edited by Henri Bouma, Robert J. Stokes, Yitzhak Yitzhaky, and Radhakrishna Prabhu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2600521.

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GHEZAIEL, Wajdi, Luc BRUN, and Olivier LEZORAY. "Wavelet Scattering Transform and CNN for Closed Set Speaker Identification." In 2020 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmsp48831.2020.9287061.

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Reports on the topic "Closed set"

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Roberts, Ronald. Implementing the Race Equality Action Plan. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20211115.

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The Welsh Government’s Race Equality Action Plan sets out to tackle structural racial inequalities in Wales in order to make ‘meaningful and measurable changes to the lives of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people by tackling racism’ and achieve ‘a Wales that is anti-racist by 2030’. The consultation closed in July and responses are currently being reviewed. Delivering on this ambitious vision will require concerted and carefully thought-through actions. The Welsh Government and public bodies are going to need to establish a very clear set of priorities and metrics to ensure accountability for achieving measurable race equality improvements. Building on the recommendations in WCPP’s evidence reviews on improving race equality in Wales, which informed the development of the Race Equality Action Plan, this commentary highlights some of the steps that might be necessary or helpful to make good on the Plan’s aims.
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Zhao, C., S. Xie, SA Klein, R. McCoy, JM Comstock, J. Delanoë, M. Deng, et al. ARM Cloud Retrieval Ensemble Data Set (ACRED). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024213.

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Hawkins, Rupert S., K. F. Heideman, and Ira G. Smotroff. Cloud Data Set for Neural Network Classification Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256181.

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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.

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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.
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Shoseyov, Oded, Steven A. Weinbaum, Raphael Goren, and Abhaya M. Dandekar. Biological Thinning of Fruit Set by RNAase in Deciduous Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568110.bard.

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Fruit thinning is a common and necessary practice for commercial fruit production in many deciduous tree fruit species. Fruit thinning in apple may be accomplished with a variety of chemical thinning agents, but the use of these chemicals is a subject of environmental concern. It has been shown recently that RNase enzyme, secreted from the stigma and the style, inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. In this study we have been able to show that Aspergillus niger B-1 RNase can effectively inhibit peach and apple pollen germination, and tube elongation in-vitro, as well as thin fruit in peach and apple, and reduce the number of seeds in citrus. The objectives of the research were to detrmine the conditions for effective thinning of (USA and Israel), develop fermentation process for cost effective production of RNase from A. niger. (Israel), and clone apple S-RNase cDNA (USA). All the objectives of the research were addressed. We have determined the optimal fermentation conditions for cost effective production of the A. niger at a 20,000 liters scale. TheA. niger B1 RNase was isolated to homogeneity and its kinetic and biochemical properties including its N-terminal sequence were fully characterized. The field test results both in Israel and California have shown variability in effectiveness and more work is needed to define the RNase concentration necessary to completely inhibit pollen development. Plant transformation vectors expressing anti-sense apple S-RNase genes were constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce self compatible transgenic apple trees. Bovine S-Protein cDNA was cloned and successfully expressed in E. coli (Israel). Plant transformation vector expressing the S-Protein gene was constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce transgenic plants expressing S-protein in the style. Exogenous application of S-peptide to these plants will result in active RNase and consequently prevention of fertilization.
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Khelif, Djamal, and Carl Friehe. Air-Sea-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532025.

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Khelif, Djamal, and Carl Friehe. Air-Sea-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532929.

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8

Chang, Arturo, Thomas Ferguson, Jacob Rothschild, and Benjamin I. Page. Ambivalence About International Trade in Open- and Closed-ended Survey Responses. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp162.

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Spontaneous, open-ended survey responses can sometimes better reveal what is actually on people’s minds than small sets of forced-choice, closed questions. Our analysis of closed questions and trade-related open-ended responses to 2016 ANES “likes” and “dislikes” prompts indicate that Americans held considerably more complex, more ambivalent, and – in many cases – more negative views of international trade than has been apparent in studies that focus only on closed-ended responses. This paper suggests that contrast between open- and closed-question data may help explain why the effectiveness of Donald Trump’s appeals to trade resentments surprised many observers.
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Shabelnyk, Tetiana V., Serhii V. Krivenko, Nataliia Yu Rotanova, Oksana F. Diachenko, Iryna B. Tymofieieva, and Arnold E. Kiv. Integration of chatbots into the system of professional training of Masters. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4439.

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The article presents and describes innovative technologies of training in the professional training of Masters. For high-quality training of students of technical specialties, it becomes necessary to rethink the purpose, results of studying and means of teaching professional disciplines in modern educational conditions. The experience of implementing the chatbot tool in teaching the discipline “Mathematical modeling of socio-economic systems” in the educational and professional program 124 System Analysis is described. The characteristics of the generalized structure of the chatbot information system for investment analysis are presented and given: input information, information processing system, output information, which creates a closed cycle (system) of direct and feedback interaction. The information processing system is represented by accounting and analytical data management blocks. The investment analysis chatbot will help masters of the specialty system analysis to manage the investment process efficiently based on making the right decisions, understanding investment analysis in the extensive structure of financial management and optimizing risks in these systems using a working mobile application. Also, the chatbot will allow you to systematically assess the disadvantages and advantages of investment projects or the direction of activity of a system analyst, while increasing interest in performing practical tasks. A set of software for developing a chatbot integrated into training is installed: Kotlin programming, a library for network interaction Retrofit, receiving and transmitting data, linking processes using the HTTP API. Based on the results of the study, it is noted that the impact of integrating a chatbot into the training of Masters ensures the development of their professional activities, which gives them the opportunity to be competent specialists and contributes to the organization of high-quality training.
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Martinuzzi, Sebastián, William A. Gould, and Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez. Creating cloud-free Landsat ETM+ data sets in tropical landscapes: cloud and cloud-shadow removal. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-gtr-32.

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