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1

Eleopra, Roberto, Valeria Tugnoli, Rocco Quatrale, Ornella Rossetto, Cesare Montecucco, and Dirk Dressler. "Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: Botulinum toxin type C and botulinum toxin type F." Neurotoxicity Research 9, no. 2-3 (2006): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033930.

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2

Delgado, Mauricio R. "Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 11, no. 5 (2003): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200309000-00001.

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3

Dalton, Jo. "Botulinum toxin type A." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1211 (1999): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199912110-00024.

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4

Sadick, Neil S. "Botulinum Toxin Type B." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 4 (2003): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.29083.x.

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5

Alouf, Erin, Tina Murphy, and Gregory Alouf. "Botulinum Toxin Type A." Plastic Surgical Nursing 38, no. 3 (2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psn.0000000000000236.

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6

Alouf, Erin, Tina Murphy, and Gregory Alouf. "Botulinum Toxin Type A." Plastic Surgical Nursing 39, no. 4 (2019): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psn.0000000000000287.

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7

KONTOCHRISTOPOULOS, GEORGE, ATHINA N. KATSAVOU, OLGA KALOGIROU, STELIOS AGELIDIS, and NIKOLETA ZAKOPOULOU. "Botulinum Toxin Type A." Dermatologic Surgery 33, no. 7 (2007): 882–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200707000-00020.

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8

SADICK, NEIL S. "Botulinum Toxin Type B." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 4 (2003): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200304000-00005.

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9

Lowe, Philippa L., and Nicholas J. Lowe. "Botulinum Toxin Type B." Dermatologic Surgery 40, no. 12 (2014): 1328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000000178.

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10

Miller, Jared, and Earl Clarkson. "Botulinum Toxin Type A." Dental Clinics of North America 60, no. 2 (2016): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2015.11.007.

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11

Carruthers, Alastair, and Jean Carruthers. "Botulinum toxin type A." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 53, no. 2 (2005): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.03.060.

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12

FLYNN, TIMOTHY CORCORAN, and ROBERT E. CLARK. "Botulinum Toxin Type B (MYOBLOC) Versus Botulinum Toxin Type A (BOTOX) Frontalis Study." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 5 (2003): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200305000-00014.

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13

Dressler, D., Hans Bigalke, and R. Benecke. "Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure." Journal of Neurology 250, no. 8 (2003): 967–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-1129-6.

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14

Baumann, Leslie, and Laura Black. "Botulinum Toxin Type B (Myobloc)." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 5 (2003): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29120.x.

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15

Liu, W., V. Montana, E. R. Chapman, U. Mohideen, and V. Parpura. "Botulinum toxin type B micromechanosensor." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, no. 23 (2003): 13621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2233819100.

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16

Carruthers, Jean, and Alastair Carruthers. "Adjunctive Botulinum Toxin Type A." International Ophthalmology Clinics 45, no. 3 (2005): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.iio.0000167162.33503.ad.

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17

Syuto, Bunei, and Shuichiro Kubo. "Clostridium botulinum type C toxin." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 48, no. 1 (1991): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00214819.

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18

BAUMANN, LESLIE, and LAURA BLACK. "Botulinum Toxin Type B (Myobloc)." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 5 (2003): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200305000-00010.

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19

Alster, Tina S., and Jason R. Lupton. "Botulinum Toxin Type B for Dynamic Glabellar Rhytides Refractory to Botulinum Toxin Type A." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 5 (2003): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29123.x.

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20

ALSTER, TINA S., and JASON R. LUPTON. "Botulinum Toxin Type B for Dynamic Glabellar Rhytides Refractory to Botulinum Toxin Type A." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 5 (2003): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200305000-00013.

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21

Barash, Jason R., and Stephen S. Arnon. "A Novel Strain of Clostridium botulinum That Produces Type B and Type H Botulinum Toxins." Journal of Infectious Diseases 209, no. 2 (2013): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit449.

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22

Dressler, Dirk, and Roberto Eleopra. "Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: botulinum toxin type B." Neurotoxicity Research 9, no. 2-3 (2006): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033929.

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23

Dongas, A., F. Genet, M. Popoff, M. Faye, C. Jourdan, and A. Schnitzler. "Pneumothorax after botulinum toxin type A." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 55 (October 2012): e340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2012.07.863.

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24

Benedetto do, Anthony V. "Availability of botulinum toxin type A." International Journal of Dermatology 38, no. 12 (1999): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00831-1_38_12.x.

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25

Carruthers, Jean, and Alastair Carruthers. "Complications of Botulinum Toxin Type A." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 15, no. 1 (2007): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2006.10.004.

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26

Setler, P. E. "Pharmacology of botulinum toxin type B." European Journal of Neurology 8, s4 (2001): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00003.x.

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27

Relja, Maja, and Srdana Telarovic. "Botulinum toxin in tension-type headache." Journal of Neurology 251 (February 1, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-004-1104-x.

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28

Jost, W. H., Florian Heinen, Martin Marziniak, et al. "Botulinum toxin in tension-type headache." Journal of Neurology 251, S1 (2004): i33—i35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-004-1108-6.

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29

Dressler, Dirk, and Hans Bigalke. "Botulinum toxin antibody type A titres after cessation of botulinum toxin therapy." Movement Disorders 17, no. 1 (2001): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.1238.

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30

Freitag, Frederick G. "Botulinum toxin type A in chronic migraine." Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 7, no. 5 (2007): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.7.5.463.

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31

&NA;. "Type F botulinum toxin has shorter action." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 987 (1995): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199509870-00028.

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32

Ney, John P. "Neurologic uses of botulinum neurotoxin type A." Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Volume 3 (January 2008): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s1612.

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33

Marvulli, R., G. Ianieri, G. Megna, et al. "Botulinum Toxin Type a in Cervical Dystonia." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 25, no. 1_suppl (2012): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03946320120250s104.

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34

Zermann, Dirk-Henrik, Manabu Ishigooka, Jörg Schubert, and Richard A. Schmidt. "Perisphincteric Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A." European Urology 38, no. 4 (2000): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000020314.

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35

De Boulle, Koenraad LV. "Botulinum neurotoxin type A in facial aesthetics." Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 8, no. 8 (2007): 1059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.8.8.1059.

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36

Guyer, Barry M. "Botulinum toxin type A: new therapeutic directions." European Journal of Neurology 6 (November 1999): s121—s123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.1999.tb00029.x.

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37

Lang, Amy M. "Botulinum Toxin Type B in Piriformis Syndrome." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 83, no. 3 (2004): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.phm.0000113404.35647.d8.

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38

Fasoli, Susan E., Maria Fragala-Pinkham, Richard Hughes, Hermano Igo Krebs, Neville Hogan, and Joel Stein. "Robotic Therapy and Botulinum Toxin Type A." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 87, no. 12 (2008): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0b013e31817fb346.

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39

Wallengren, J., and J. Bartosik. "Botulinum toxin type A for neuropathic itch." British Journal of Dermatology 163, no. 2 (2010): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09783.x.

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40

Bruyn, G. W. "Botulinum Toxin Type A in Pain Management,." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 104, no. 1 (2002): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(01)00158-5.

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41

Gonzalez, M. Suarez, E. Tévar Alfonso, T. Betancor García, et al. "DI-011 Botulinum toxin type a optimisation." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 23, Suppl 1 (2016): A123.1—A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-000875.278.

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42

Karsenti, Gerard. "Worldwide experience with botulinum toxin type A." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 5, no. 3-4 (2003): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14764170310021832.

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43

Muñoz Lora, V. R. M., A. A. Del Bel Cury, B. Jabbari, and Z. Lacković. "Botulinum Toxin Type A in Dental Medicine." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 13 (2019): 1450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519875053.

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Abstract:
Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are a product of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. By entering nerve endings, they cleave and inactivate SNARE proteins, which are essential for neurotransmitter release. Prevention of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction causes long-lasting and potentially fatal flaccid paralysis—a major feature of botulism. However, an intramuscular injection of minute amounts of BoNTs, primarily type A (BoNT-A), has useful long-lasting muscle relaxation effects on spastic motor disorders. This characteristic of BoNT-A is widely used in neurology and cosmetics. Over
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44

SCHOTT, G. D. "Botulinum toxin type A in pain management." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 70, no. 5 (2001): 709e—709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.70.5.709e.

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45

Sidhu, Simmi, and Brent Ruddock. "Botulinum Toxin Type A for Migraine Headaches." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 139, no. 6 (2006): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/171516350613900605.

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46

Charles, David P., William J. Newman, Thomas L. Davis, Bimal B. Padaliya, Chandler E. Gill, and Anna I. Abramovitch. "Reply: Botulinum type A therapy during pregnancy." Movement Disorders 20, no. 8 (2005): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20526.

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47

Bodkin, Cynthia L., Kenneth B. Maurer, and Zbigniew K. Wszolek. "Botulinum toxin type A therapy during pregnancy." Movement Disorders 20, no. 8 (2005): 1081–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20549.

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48

Blitzer, Andrew, and William J. Binder. "Cosmetic Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A." Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 4, no. 4 (2002): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.4.4.214.

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49

Newman, William J., Thomas L. Davis, Bismal B. Padaliya, et al. "Botulinum toxin type A therapy during pregnancy." Movement Disorders 19, no. 11 (2004): 1384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20205.

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50

Sinha, Deepali, and Angamuthu S. Arunkalaivanan. "Botulinum toxin type A: applications in urogynaecology." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 8, no. 3 (2006): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.8.3.177.27254.

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