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Journal articles on the topic 'Clothing factories'
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1
Shea, Anna, Mariko Nakayama, and Jody Heymann. "Improving Labour Standards in Clothing Factories." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 10, no. 1 (March 23, 2010): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018109355036.
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Meșina, Victor, and Grigore Friptuleac. "Health particularities of the employees of clothing factories." Romanian Journal of Occupational Medicine 70, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjom-2019-0005.
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Abstract We present the particularities of the morbidity with temporary labor incapacity (TLI) of the employees of confection factories during the years 2011 - 2017. We placed emphasis on the risk factors affecting the health of the employees. It is an established fact that the main risk factors are unfavorable microclimate, vibration, dust, noise, and others. Morbidity with TLI according to frequency index (IFc) has practically a constant character. The highest level of IFc was registered in 2013, reaching 93.3 cases per 100 workers, while the severity index being oscillatory in nature constituted 1311.2 days in 100 workers in the same year. Both indices have shown a growth trend towards the end of 2017. The average duration of a case remained at the same level of 13-14 days. There were also particularities of morbidity based on gender, profession, etc. The data obtained can be the basis for the elaboration of the prophylaxis measures.
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Peeters, Marc. "Teamwork in Clothing Factories: Experiences from The Netherlands." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (February 1993): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb003011.
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Aldaady, Sarah, and Amal Basafar. "Impact of Operating Cost Reduction on The Economic Challenges Facing Small-Size Clothing Factories in Saudi Arabia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (October 7, 2020): 706–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.9138.
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The clothing manufacturing industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has faced many challenges at the local and international level. The implementation of the rules and regulations of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 have gained particular interest and operating with minimum costs has become one of the main objectives of small-size clothing factories. The impact of operating cost reduction on economic challenges facing the clothing factories has been studied with the aim to identify the challenges and economic factors affecting operating costs. It was concluded that some of the economic challenges are represented in the high operating cost caused by the application of new taxes, including the value-added tax (VAT), imposition of fees on non-Saudi workers and new amendments to the trade law. Minimizing operating costs through cutting-edge manufacturing technologies were found to be a key solution to ensure factories’ survival and sustainability.
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Mohamed, Said. "Improving the Work Environment in Clothing Factories using Ergonomics principles." International Design Journal 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/idj.2020.81734.
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Yeh, Chung, and Yu-Tang Lee. "Designing Pre-Reaction Production Mechanism for Traditional and Postponed Dyeing in Apparel Supply Chain." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 13, no. 02 (March 27, 2016): 1650009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877016500097.
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In the popular clothing market, the garment color is often an important factor in the customer’s determination of purchase. In the fast-changing fashion market, uncertain demand, low predictability and other factors may cause panic buying. Hence, the postponement of clothing dyeing in supply chain management is an important production method for success in the modern clothing fashion market. This study used simulation software to build two virtual clothing supply chain models of cloth dyeing and postponement of clothing dyeing of clothing industry. Moreover, it imported the data of actual factories into the two models for simulation; different situations of output, productivity and delivery date are simulated in multi-color clothing throughput using the same equipment. The postponement of clothing dyeing is applicable to clothing products with changing colors and with slight change in clothing style, whereas the cloth dyeing is applicable to clothing products with uncertain clothing style and slight change in color. The postponement of clothing dyeing is better than the cloth dyeing production mode in the situation of diversified colors and inaccurate forecasting of production. In terms of multi-color inventory carrying cost, the production inventory and carrying cost of postponement of clothing dyeing are lower than cloth dyeing. Therefore, for the changing market, the postponement of clothing dyeing is characterized by low inventory, low carrying cost and low risk. This study provides the forecast management situation for the clothing industries to use capable production modes for clothing manufacturing supply chain.
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Matsoma, NJ, and IM Ambe. "Factors Affecting Demand Planning in the South African Clothing Industry." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 5(J) (October 30, 2016): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i5(j).1443.
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The decline in the number of clothing manufacturers and the effect of globalisation have contributed to complexities in estimations and the scheduling of demand, as well as lead time management in the South African clothing industry. This article explores demand planning factors affecting the South African clothing industry, with specific reference to Gauteng. The study was necessitated due to demand planning challenges facing the South African clothing industry as well as economic factors which contribute to inaccuracies in clothing demand planning. The study makes an impact in the garment production factories of Gauteng in South Africa and adds to the philosophy of demand planning practices. It uncovers key factors affecting demand planning practices in the Gauteng clothing industry, South Africa. The study is explorative and descriptive in nature and it uses SPSS to analyse data. The findings revealed that there were factors affecting how demand planning practices were conducted in the clothing industry. The factors that have a significant influence on clothing demand planning include the scheduling of the manufacturing of customers’ orders, planning for fashion clothes, the use of the POS system, clothing imports, estimating future clothing requirements, recession and the effect of the late arrival of clothes. Therefore, clothing industry stakeholders should take these factors into consideration when planning for their demand to ensure customer needs can be fully met, thus improving the performance of the clothing industry.
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Qari, Eman. "Fast Fashion and its Impact on Environmental Pollution and the Importance of Sustainability in Protecting the Environment." International Journal for Scientific Research 2, no. 11 (November 21, 2023): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n11p3.
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The technological development, globalization, and the change in the purchasing behavior of the consumer lead to the emergence of a production method called rapid fashion, and this method relied on the speed of copying all the designs offered by major international fashion houses and manufacturing them as soon as possible at the lowest cost and provide the latest fashion for the owner in large numbers and at the lowest prices; Cheaply and that method in Production is anti-sustainable, which is mainly based on adherence to the ethics of design, production, environmental conservation and labor rights. The current research aims to focus on scientific research in the field of sustainability, especially in the field of fashion and clothing because of its harmful effects on the environment significantly shedding light on the negative effects of fast fashion. It defines the ethics of sustainability in the field of fashion and its production. And highlight the wrong practices that appear from fast fashion companies. Suggestions must also be made to apply the rules and standards in sustainability in fast fashion. The research problem is determined by the following questions: How effective scientific research is in sustainability in the field of clothing production? What is its impact on the environment? The study followed the analytical approach to analyze the impact of fast fashion and clothing on the environment, and the applied approach in training workers in factories on sustainable methods in the clothing industry by providing ideas and proposals that make the environment clean for sustainability and applying them in the field of clothing. And conducting interviews for experts and decision makers in ready-made clothing factories and companies to poll their opinions through a scale to find out whether sustainability in clothing and the use of trust materials have an impact on the environment towards the proposed study and reach the results. The results of the study found a statistically significant relationship between sustainability in the field of clothing and consumer and environmental preservation by 83% and an average correlation of 8.51. There is also a statistically significant relationship between workers in the manufacture of clothing and maintaining sustainability standards to protect the environment between sustainability 73% with an average correlation of 0.49. With a significance level of 0.00. The researcher recommends paying attention to scientific studies that are concerned with the areas of sustainability to preserve the environment and consumer awareness in the field of sustainability and environmental preservation.
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Chen, Yu-Xin, Bing-Ai Gao, Hai-Yan Cheng, and Lin-Feng Li. "Survey of Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Patch Test among Clothing Employees in Beijing." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3102358.
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Occupational population-based epidemiological data relating to occupational contact allergies in the Chinese clothing industry are limited. To investigate the prevalence of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) and to identify the causative allergens among clothing employees in China, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 529 clothing employees at 12 clothing factories in Beijing. All employees were subjected to an interview using self-administered questionnaire and skin examination, and those who were diagnosed with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) were patch tested. In the present survey, we found that the overall 1-year prevalence of OACD among the clothing employees was 8.5%. The 1-year prevalence of OACD among workers (10.8%) was significantly higher than that among managers (3.2%). The lesions were primarily on the hands and wrists in workers, but the face and neck in managers. The major allergens were nickel sulfate and cobalt dichloride in workers and colophony andp-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin in managers. In conclusion, workers are at a higher risk of OACD compared with managers in the Chinese clothing industry. In addition to hand dermatitis in workers, airborne contact dermatitis on the face and neck should be also addressed in managers.
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Kim, Hyun-Ah. "Manufacturing and Properties of Various Ceramic-Embedded Composite Fabrics for Protective Clothing in Gas and Oil Industries Part II: Thermal Wear Comfort via Thermal Manikin." Coatings 13, no. 10 (October 16, 2023): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101778.
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Thermal wear comfort for workwear clothing plays a vital role in maintaining comfortable water- and moisture-vapor-permeable properties while wearing clothing. In particular, thermal wear comfort measured using a thermal manikin is required in the protective workwear clothing market because their use provides objective data concerning the actual wearing performance of the clothing. This paper investigated the thermal wear comfort properties of various ceramic-embedded composite fabrics for workwear clothing worn in gas and oil industries produced from new schemes. The thermal insulation rate (Clo value) of Al2O3(Aluminum oxide)/graphite, ZnO(zinc oxide)/ZrC(zirconium carbide) and ZnO/ATO(antimony tin oxide)-embedded clothing was greater (25.5, 24.7 and 16.9%, respectively) than that of regular clothing (control), which was in accordance with the results (15.0, 13.8 and 11.3% higher, respectively) of the heat retention rate (I) of fabric specimens. It revealed that ZnO- and ATO-embedded yarns mixed with ZrC particles enhanced thermal wear comfort and had superior anti-static and UV-protective properties. Considering UV-protective and anti-static protective clothing worn in gas and oil industries and cold weather regions, it can be concluded that ZnO/ZrC-incorporated fabric is suitable because it showed superior thermal wear comfort with excellent UV-protective and acceptable anti-static properties. Meanwhile, assuming high functional performance for protective clothing worn in winter and factories, ZnO/ATO-incorporated fabric is pertinent to fabricating protective clothing for cold weather regions.
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Elawad F Elfaki, Akram HM Ali, Arwa M Abdallah, Entsar H Ali, Mofeda Y Andl, Mona A Rabih, and Muzdlefa MM Abdo. "Recycling of garments scrap." Open Access Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjet.2023.4.1.0051.
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The garments factories left behind different quantities of scraps of waste and unnecessary clothes utilized but can recycle this scraps and tap including in other applications. The aim is to recycle clothes scraps and use it in two applications, the first application is to manufacture clothes for baby clothes using a singer machine and over lock machine and the second application is wood industry compressed using the method a mechanical machine hot pressure. Results obtained from the first application is baby clothes close quality of clothes imported and results are made get it from the second application they are fragile plank samples compact and that proportion of the substance . Large quantities of scarps are extracted from garment factories that cannot be counted, these factories use different raw material and pattern of fabrics in the manufacture of different type of clothing.
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Yeşilpınar, S., V. Aytaç, F. Khalilov, and L. Bozkurt. "Development of software that calculates the fabric consumption of garments in clothing factories." Journal of the Textile Institute 100, no. 7 (September 24, 2009): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000802128414.
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Al-Omari, Samira Saad, and Maha Abdullah Al Dabbagh. "Proposed Designs for Elderly Physical Body Problems." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12659.
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The issues and needs of the elderly are receiving attention in various countries of the world. Scientific studies in the field of elderly care have confirmed that old age is a normal developmental stage of growth, which requires the need to work on developing plans aimed at integrating the elderly into society to benefit from their efforts and experiences because they are an essential part of society as well as studying the difficulties they face. Therefore, this study sought to identify the best specifications of smart and functional clothing for the elderly. It also aimed to find out the specifications of smart textiles suitable for the elderly and the requirements for the appropriate functional design for the elderly, according to their needs and desires. It also investigated the possibility to combine smart textiles with functional clothing to set specifications for smart and functional clothing for the elderly. This study was based on the descriptive and applied approaches. The study has managed to propose 5 solutions for 5 elderly body physical problems. The study recommended that clothing factories should be informed of the functional clothing specifications for the elderly, and to draft a measurement table for the elderly, and developing smart textile technologies to serve the elderly.
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Broggi, Carles Brasó. "Workshops, Factories and Subcontractors in the Chinese Woolen Industry, 1880-1937." Revue de Synthèse 140, no. 1-2 (December 10, 2019): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552343-14000006.
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Abstract This article discusses China’s attempts to industrialize from the late nineteenth century until the Japanese occupation of 1937. It focuses on the woollen industry and uses data from industrial investigations, market information and company archives. Several attempts to build a woollen industry from the 1880s to the end of the First World War failed. However, in the 1920s and 1930s some private companies in Tianjin, Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta succeeded in managing profitable woollen workshops and mills. An export-based carpet industry was developed in Tianjin while a network of workshops and integrated mills flourished in Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta to supply woollen goods for civilian clothing in the Chinese urban markets. This article aims to contribute to the debate of China’s late industrialization by looking at the structure of the woollen industry and its alignment with actual consumer demands.
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Marynchenko, Inna. "TECHNOLOGY OF SEAMLESS CLOTHING PRODUCTION IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE SEWING INDUSTRY." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 206 (January 2022): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-206-171-175.
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The article defines that the Industry 4.0 development paradigm light industry should develop in the directions of using information and communication technologies (ICT). The active development of artificial intelligence presupposes the introduction into the educational process of training future teachers of professional training of modern technologies for manufacturing clothes, in particular seamless. It has been found out that clothes made on special equipment and devoid of traditional side seams, or even any manufacturing and assembly seams, are called seamless. It has been proven that the creation of such textile products is a real revolution in clothing production, a concept that combines various techniques and processes, which are not always simple and elementary. It has been proven that the seamless technology of clothing production is one of the most promising directions in light industry. A variety of materials are used for the production of seamless clothing, mainly artificial and synthetic polymer. It has been proven that the range of products made using seamless clothing technology is quite significant, namely: clothing for swimming, sports and active recreation, thermal clothing, underwear and children's underwear, protective medical clothing, shoes, gloves, etc. In the research process, it has been proven that seamless clothing is a grandiose result of innovative developments and modern achievements, which has a considerable number of quality advantages: ease of use, invisibility under clothing, absence of cuts and folds on the body, perfect fit, slimming effect, freedom of movement, flawless permeability air and moisture, high quality (does not stretch and does not fray), affordable price. It was determined that with the help of a wide selection of innovative equipment, it is possible to solve the problems of modern sewing factories in the production of seamless clothing. It was found that special tapes are used to seal the seams, which are heated by a stream of hot air and pressed with a roller to the seam, welding it with a fabric cover. Control of machines for seamless connection is carried out using a touch screen. The entire workflow can be developed and saved as process parameters, setting temperature, pressure and welding speed.
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Al Sayem Khan, Muhammed Abdullah, and Mohd Hamdan Ahmad. "EFFECT OF INDOOR CONDITION OF BANGLADESH FACTORY TO WORKERS HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, no. 27 (March 8, 2022): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727032.
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The economic growth of Bangladesh depends very much on the garments industries. In Bangladesh, the garments industries contribute directly to the economic growth at about 6 percent of national economic growth rate. A huge number of factories are developed and scattered around Bangladesh. Most of the factories are clustered around the capital city Dhaka and invite thousands of rural inhabitants in search of a job in the city and hoping to lead better life. Today, Bangladesh already confirmed her position as a world-leading clothing exporter. The total workers in these garment industries are around 3.6 million out of 150 million total population. These factories manufacture different types of readymade garments products and export those products to many different countries around the world. However, a good number of factories are not well designed in term of their indoor conditions and which have direct influence in terms of workers' health and wellbeing. The poor indoor conditions may directly affect the employees’ health where they can suffer from various illnesses over prolong durations. This study is aimed at finding out the indoor conditions that has the direct influence towards health and wellbeing of workers at the selected garment factories. For the purpose of this study,14 factories at 6 different locations were selected. A field study was held to assess workers' health and wellbeing while working at the selected garment factories in Bangladesh. During the field study, the questionnaire survey was conducted among the random sample of 405 workers. The workers answered and provided the information about their factory current indoor conditions. From the questionnaire, it is found working environment caused certain illnesses and affected the workers' behavior while they are working at factories. The findings of this research will help introduce measure and guideline to the factory owners so that they can take significant steps to upgrade their management system to improve and provide good indoor conditions for their workers and in term of business wise increase the production margin.
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Tsai, Hsien-Tang, Tung-Ju Wu, and Shang-Pao Yeh. "Chinese Paternalistic Leadership and Leadership Effectiveness in Textile Industry." Autex Research Journal 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10304-012-0033-5.
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Abstract The textile industry at one time, used to be one of the key industries in the economic development of Taiwan. Nevertheless, this labour- and time-intensive activity resulted in those employed in the industry not being able to devote adequate attention to both the family and business, that resulted in the enterprises being shipped out to other parts of labour-intensive Southeast Asia. This study aims to discuss the correlations between Chinese paternalistic leadership and organisational commitment, leadership effectiveness in the textile industry, and understanding the effects of supervisor–subordinate guanxi . Using quantitative questionnaire surveys, the supervisors and employees in 398 textile-related businesses in Taiwan, including 137 textile factories, 98 dyeing and finishing factories and 153 clothing factories, are studied. After applying hierarchical regression analysis to analysing the data, it is found that moral and benevolent leadership do not enforce as much obedience and performance as authoritarian leadership does. Instead, their loyalties are based on the “heart” of the employees to enhance their commitment to the organisation, by which the supervisor–subordinate guanxi could effectively adjust strong-arm leadership and the attitude of the employees. Therefore, it is suggested that Chinese supervisors should adopt benevolent leadership, maintain favourable guanxi with the employees, and improve the work atmosphere.
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Milewska, Beata. "The Impact of Instability in the Business Environment on the Competitiveness of Enterprises Using the Example of the Apparel Industry." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 14673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214673.
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Recently, many disruptions have occurred in the environment of companies, mainly caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also, for example, by the war in Ukraine and by the sharp increase in fuel prices. The aim of the article was to present the competitive strategies of chosen companies from the garment industry and the impact of environmental instability on the competitiveness of enterprises using the example of the clothing industry in Poland. The author has been conducting comprehensive research in Polish clothing companies since mid-2017, using, first of all, the method of interviews with company management. This article presents partial results of these studies concerning the competitiveness of companies, especially in terms of the instability of the environment. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the instability in the environment has a significant impact on the competitiveness of clothing enterprises. In the initial period, the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the level of logistic customer service. Because of this, availability of clothing in some stores and quality of deliveries to online customers deteriorated. The war in Ukraine also caused a temporary deterioration of the availability of clothing in the case of companies that outsourced production to Ukraine. Instability in the environment resulted in an increase in logistics and production costs, which in many cases resulted in an increase in the price of clothing for the end customer. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in fuel prices have reduced the efficiency of outsourcing clothing production in low-cost countries, but in the surveyed companies, this had not caused a shift of production from global to local. The problems resulting from the instability of the environment were more quickly overcome by those companies that were more flexible and that earlier on had diversified their sales channels (i.e., sold both in the stores and via e-commerce customers) and the sources of supply (production not only in low-cost countries but also in the local sewing factories). The research confirmed the significant impact of instability in the environment on the ability to compete with the level of logistic customer service and price. The instability in the environment did not affect the ability to compete with the quality of clothing in the surveyed companies.
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Yoo, Dabin, and Sunwook Chung. "An Exploratory Study of the Determinants of Global Sourcing Intention in Korean Clothing Sewing Industry: Focusing on Women’s Knitwear Production." Institute of Management and Economy Research 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.14.4.202312.67.
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Purpose - This study seeks to investigate the determinants of global sourcing intention in clothing sewing industry, in particular with its focus on women’s Knitwear production.
Design/methodology/approach - This study collected a unique set of qualitative data through 31 in-depth interviews with fashion brands, promotion agencies, and sewing factories between July 2023 and October 2023. In addition, it analyzed the dataset using the MAXQDA to complement the research findings.
Findings - We have two findings. First, the interviewees commonly mentioned the following factors as reasons for considering global sourcing: the human factors(aging of skilled technicians and labor shortages), the financial factors(gap in production unit prices at home and abroad), the relational factors(lack of novelty), and the physical factors(loss of production infrastructure and network), while the human factors(skilled workforce), the production factors(delivery date and product quality), and the relational factors(timely communication and mutual trust) as reasons for continuing domestic sourcing. Additional code analysis of interview also supports this finding. On the other hand, there was also a subtle difference between buyers(brands) and suppliers(promotion agencies and processing plants), and buyers consider the exact delivery date critical so that they could see trend-sensitive women’s Knitwear on time, and suppliers took production costs, labor costs, and labor shortages, which are financial factors, more seriously.
Research implications or Originality - This study provides a richer and more balanced view of existing literature, which has generally tended to introduce global sourcing across the clothing industry despite the existence of various diversity within the industry. In addition, through qualitative research, we introduce that the sewing industry is carried out according to complex factors, and by revealing and categorizing the determinants of global sourcing, we supplement the existing research on the clothing sewing industry centered on survey. On a practical note, this study introduces that there is a difference in view of domestic sourcing and global sourcing between buyers(brands) and suppliers(promotion agencies and sewing factories), suggesting practical implications for revitalizing networks and deriving win-win cooperation network models among members in the future.
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Barkova, N. Yu. "CHANGING CUSTOMER PREFERENCES IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY AND THEIR IMPACT ON SUPPLY CHAIN CONFIGURATION." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 7 (September 7, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-7-51-58.
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The issues related to changing customer preferences in the fashion industry have been considered. Changing consumer preferences, according to the author, can have an impact on the configuration of supply chains in the fashion industry. Among such new requirements of consumers in the fashion industry, the author have highlighted: consumer requests for the fastest possible receipt of products, production of products for specific individual requests of buyers, requests for transparency of supply chains and some others. In such situation, owners of clothing and footwear brands can cope with the new challenges of the company by re-shoring production with the organization of digital, robotic production factories.
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Kazakevych, Gennadii. "Memory Factories: Professional Photography in Kyiv, 1850-1918." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 1 (2020): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2020.1.06.
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The article deals with the early history of photographic industry in Kyiv as a complex cultural phenomenon. Special attention is focused on the portrait photography as a ‘technology of memory’. It involves methods of social history of art, prosopography and visual anthropology. The study is based on the wide scope of archival documents, including the correspondence of publishing facilities inspector, who supervised the photographic activity in Kyiv from 1888 to 1909. By the early 20th century, making, collecting, displaying and exchanging the photographic portraits became an important memorial practice for townspeople throughout the world. In the pre-WWI Kyiv dozens of ateliers produced photographic portraits in large quantities. While the urbanization and economic growth boosted migration activity and washed out traditional family and neighborhood networks, the photography provided an instrument for maintaining emotional connections between people. The author emphasizes the role of a professional photographer who acted as a maker of ‘memory artifacts’ for individuals and families and, therefore, established aesthetic standards for their private visual archives. It is stated that the professional photography played a noticeable role in modernization and westernization of Kyiv. With its relatively low barrier to entry, it provided a professionalization opportunity for women, representatives of the lower social classes or discriminated ethnic groups (such as Poles after the January Insurrection, and Jews). While working in a competitive environment, photographers had to adopt new technologies, improve business processes and increase their own educational level. At the same time, their artistic freedom was rather limited. The style of photographic portrait was inherited from the Eighteen and Nineteen-century academic art, so it is usually hard to distinguish photographic portraits made in Kyiv or in any other European city of that period. Body language of models, their clothing and personal adornments as well as studio decorations and accessories aimed to construct the image of successful individuals, faithful friends, closely tied family members with their own strictly defined social roles etc. The old-fashioned style of the early twentieth century portraiture shaped the visual aesthetics of photographic portrait that was noticeable enough even several decades later.
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Alhadiid, Nasrullah. "MARKETING MIX LOCAL DISTRO CLOTHING PRODUCTS SCRAMBLE WITH FOREIGN CLOTHING CONVERSE SHOPS IN JAMBI CITY: COMPARATIVE STUDY." INNOVATIO: Journal for Religious Innovations Studies 23, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/innovatio.v23i2.171.
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This research is on the marketing mix of local clothing products for outerwear products. This type of research uses qualitative data analysis methods. This research obtained information about the marketing mix to increase clothing sales. This research aims to discover the marketing strategy used by local clothing products, Distro Scramble, to overcome competition from Converse outerwear stores and the obstacles and solutions for Distro Scramble in marketing clothing products. The study results show that 1) the product strategy sold is suitable quality clothing according to consumer needs. 2) The strategies price clothes according to production prices are not high and not low. 3) The location of the Distro Scramble is strategically close to the Siginjai Museum. 4) Promotion strategies are creating good relations with consumers and implementing discounts on major holidays. Obstacles in marketing clothing faced by scramble distribution, namely competition between foreign and domestic clothing products, the breaking of materials from factories is a problem that causes limited supply of apparel, and the effects of COVID-19 have impacted. People are more interested in choosing foreign clothing products because they think they are more attractive with well-known brands, quality materials, and unique innovations that have their pride, such as being more elegant when wearing foreign clothes.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengenai bauran pemasaran produk pakaian lokal terhadap produk pakaian luar. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai bauran pemasaran dalam meningkatkan penjualan pakaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi pemasaran yang digunakan produk pakaian lokal ‘Distro Scramble’ mengatasi persaingan dengan toko-toko pakaian luar seperti ‘Converse’ serta kendala dan solusi ‘Distro Scramble’ dalam memasarkan produk pakaian mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) strategi penjualan produk yang dijual ialah kualitas pakaian yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen. 2) Strategi tersebut menentukan harga pakaian sesuai dengan harga produksi, tidak tinggi dan tidak rendah. 3) Lokasi ‘Distro Scramble’ ini strategis dekat dengan Museum Siginjai. 4) Strategi promosinya dengan menjalin hubungan baik dengan konsumen dan menerapkan diskon pada hari-hari besar. Adapun kendala dalam pemasaran pakaian yang dihadapi yaitu persaingan antara produk pakaian luar dan dalam negeri, terbatasnya bahan dari pabrik menyebabkan terbatasnya pasokan pakaian jadi, serta dampak ‘Virus Corona-19’. Masyarakat lebih tertarik memilih produk pakaian luar negeri karena dianggap lebih menarik dengan merek yang sudah terkenal, bahan berkualitas, dan inovasi unik yang menjadi kebanggaan tersendiri, seperti lebih terlihat lebih anggun saat mengenakan pakaian luar negeri.
Kata Kunci: bauran pemasaran, produk pakaian, distro lokal
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Diana, Diana, Luqman Hakim, and Djoko Hananto. "Risk Management Assistance in the Clothing and Medical Equipment Business." Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities 3 (June 2, 2022): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v3i.146.
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Every effort made by humans, either alone or in groups as outlined in an organization or company, has the goal of getting results in the form of profits. The process that is carried out is certainly not free from risks. By being aware of the risk in the activity process, it is necessary to know through the risk identification process to the handling of the identified risks. PT. Lestari Dini Tunggul which is located in Jagakarsa area, South Jakarta is a company that started as a family business that produces medical clothing and factories, of course, wants the company to continue to run and grow and produce good results for other stakeholders. Therefore, the community service team on this occasion helped to provide assistance regarding the implementation of risk management. The method used is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRS) which allows partners to actively participate in activities from problem identification to the end of the activity. The material presented in the mentoring activity is an understanding of Operational Risk, Human Resources and Finance. The results of the mentoring show that qualitatively partners gain additional knowledge, understanding, and insight about Risk Management. So that in carrying out their activities they are more careful and help each other in carrying out their work processes. Furthermore, it can be concluded that this assistance in implementing Risk Management can increase knowledge, understanding and insight for all employees of PT. Lestari Dini Tunggul.
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Pukk, Mari. "Printed-pattern headscarves in Kihnu cultural space." Studia Vernacula 11 (November 5, 2019): 78–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.11.78-101.
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This article provides an overview of the unique tradition of wearing headscarves as practiced by the islanders of Kihnu. I discuss the importance of cotton print headscarves in the traditional clothing of Kihnu women and explain the meaning of kallisseltsi headscarves as an intra-community phenomenon, giving an overview of the origin and characteristics thereof.
Printed cotton headscarves are considered an integral part of Kihnu traditional clothing, but as purchased goods they have, up to the present, remained beyond the scope of ethnographic studies. Headscarves are classified by material, origin and purpose. Even today, seven different types of headscarves are known ; names were assigned to the different types based on their patterns.
Headscarves must always be worn in harmony with the main item of clothing: the skirt. The colours and stripes of the skirt convey the events that take place in the course of a woman’s life. Adherence to the rules is supervised by the elders of the community and by the more knowledgeable members who look after the preservation of the island’s traditions. As with wearing, there are also specific unwritten rules concerning the care, storage and folding of headscarves.
In the Kihnu community, the most valuable cotton headscarves are those made of red printed cotton fabric that were produced in Russia, in the factories of Aleksandrov County in the Province of Vladimir in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Elsewhere in the world, the headscarves are also known by their main colour – Turkish red. Owning kallisseltsi headscarves is, in a way, a status symbol in the Kihnu community: the owner of the largest number of headscarves is considered the proudest and richest. The circulation of headscarves is very carefully monitored, and the most valuable ones are only worn during important life events.
Keywords: Kihnu cultural space, folk costumes, headscarves, communal clothing norms
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Pukk, Mari. "Printed-pattern headscarves in Kihnu cultural space." Studia Vernacula 11 (November 5, 2019): 78–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.11.78-101.
Full textAbstract:
This article provides an overview of the unique tradition of wearing headscarves as practiced by the islanders of Kihnu. I discuss the importance of cotton print headscarves in the traditional clothing of Kihnu women and explain the meaning of kallisseltsi headscarves as an intra-community phenomenon, giving an overview of the origin and characteristics thereof.
Printed cotton headscarves are considered an integral part of Kihnu traditional clothing, but as purchased goods they have, up to the present, remained beyond the scope of ethnographic studies. Headscarves are classified by material, origin and purpose. Even today, seven different types of headscarves are known ; names were assigned to the different types based on their patterns.
Headscarves must always be worn in harmony with the main item of clothing: the skirt. The colours and stripes of the skirt convey the events that take place in the course of a woman’s life. Adherence to the rules is supervised by the elders of the community and by the more knowledgeable members who look after the preservation of the island’s traditions. As with wearing, there are also specific unwritten rules concerning the care, storage and folding of headscarves.
In the Kihnu community, the most valuable cotton headscarves are those made of red printed cotton fabric that were produced in Russia, in the factories of Aleksandrov County in the Province of Vladimir in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Elsewhere in the world, the headscarves are also known by their main colour – Turkish red. Owning kallisseltsi headscarves is, in a way, a status symbol in the Kihnu community: the owner of the largest number of headscarves is considered the proudest and richest. The circulation of headscarves is very carefully monitored, and the most valuable ones are only worn during important life events.
Keywords: Kihnu cultural space, folk costumes, headscarves, communal clothing norms
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Apriliyanthi, Sri Rahma, Tomonori Sakoi, Akhlish Diinal Aziiz, Tetsu Kubota, Muhammad Nur Fajri Alfata, Fefen Suhendi, Mochammad Donny Koerniawan, and Takeshi Nakaya. "Perceived thermal acceptability and behavioural adjustment for Indonesian workers." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601049.
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Behavioural adaptation is a fundamental factor in thermal comfort. Clothing insulation, opening windows, and integrating cooling systems within buildings are key to ensuring thermal comfort while conserving energy. This study collected behavioural adaptation data from 3000 Indonesian adults who regularly worked indoors. The results indicate that the thermal acceptability is in a similar range for all groups separated by residence space type despite the dominant thermal conditioning measure in each group is different. Based on ISO 9920, the typical clothing ensembles were determined for each group, and their clo-values were estimated. Office workers tended to wear more garments than factory workers, while at home, people wear light clothes. Therefore, the estimated clo-value in home are much lower compare to the workplaces clo-value. Clo-value in the workplaces with AC tends to show a higher value compared to naturally ventilated building. Clo-value for female is also higher than male. In general, AC usage in the office was higher than in factories and homes. Females tends to use more AC than Males. These differences reflect variety of socioeconomic and cultural aspects in public and private in Indonesia.
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Milewska, Beata. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Supply Chains in the Example of Polish Clothing Companies in the Context of Sustainable Development." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031899.
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The article presents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply chains of Polish clothing companies. The aim of the article is to present the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply chains of Polish clothing companies, in both the short and long-term, and in the context of sustainable development. The author has been conducting research on logistics and production processes as well as supply chains of Polish clothing companies since 2017. The research results presented in this article on the impact of the pandemic on the functioning of supply chains in this sector of the economy were carried out in 2021. The author conducted telephone interviews with the management of Polish clothing companies of all sizes, both with distributors and producers. She identified disruptions in the supply chains caused by the pandemic (on the supply, production and distribution). She outlined the short-term actions of companies in response to disruptions, as well as long-term changes related to the logistics strategy as a result of the pandemic. The author also presented the ecological and social effects of changes in logistics strategies caused by the pandemic. So far, there has been no research in this industry and this area concerning not only the short-term impact of the pandemic, but also the strategic changes and their impact on sustainable development. Thus, it is a study that fills the existing research gap. The pandemic particularly affected the distribution of clothing, which caused the dynamic development of e-commerce. Because of this, some clothing companies have changed the organization of deliveries to online customers, such as the example presented by the author of the largest Polish clothing company, LPP S.A. The pandemic in apparel companies has also disrupted production and supply. This was especially true for deliveries from countries with low production costs. Despite these disruptions, however, no mass withdrawal from the production of clothing in low-cost countries to Poland has been observed and, according to the surveyed companies, this will not be a long-term consequence of the pandemic. However, if factors that occurred during a pandemic worsen, this could favor the shifting of more production from low-cost countries to local or regional sewing plants. This would enable the application of the Quick Response strategy. Other disruptions that occurred in connection with the pandemic include a reduction in the number of orders for Polish sewing factories, an increase in the prices of materials and packaging, an increase in transport costs and a periodic increase in inventory levels as a reaction of some companies to the disruptions. The disruptions also caused, in some cases, greater volatility in the relationship between individual links in the supply chains, which perhaps will be the next strategic change.
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Rogozhina, Iulia, Marina Guseva, and Elena Andreeva. "Application of Measuring Instruments with Elements of Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Cross-Cultural Communications of Personnel of Outsourcing Sewing Enterprises." SHS Web of Conferences 172 (2023): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317203002.
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Continuous changes in the global world affect the interaction of Russian and foreign enterprises. The long-term experience of cooperation between the sewing enterprises of Russia and China has shown that for the fruitful development of relations in a period of unstable international situation, it is necessary to introduce a new communication format into the production cycle digital quality control of semi-finished and finished clothing products. Since the middle of the last century, outsourcing has become an actual form of development of the global clothing industry, involving remote interaction between the head offices of design firms and contractor factories. A feature of labor relations at outsourcing enterprises is the maintenance of norms and values of business cultures of cooperating countries. Due to interethnic differences in the interpretation of such a basic concept in the industry as “the quality of sewing”, controversial situations often arise that reduce the positive image and reputation of representatives of conflicting parties. The introduction of a contactless form of acceptance of finished products using the computer vision tool will not only optimize the final inspection stage, but also improve the psychological climate when interacting with the controller-inspector and employees of the outsourcing factory. Computer vision effectively detects the emerging defect among semi-finished garments.
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Jang, Mi-Jin, and Seung-Woo Yang. "The Cooperative Relations and the Spatial Characteristics of the Industrial Ecosystem organized by Clothing Factories in Changshin-dong Seoul." Journal of Korea Planning Association 51, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2016.08.51.4.93.
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Durkin, Maura. "Made in Italy by China: Human Impacts of Globalization on Modern Garment Production in Prato." Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies 4 (2023): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.33682/we0g-ycn8.
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Fashion employs more people on earth than defense and agriculture combined, and contributes more greenhouse gas emissions than all of Europe, making it a conspicuously key actor in the global economy and a villain in the health and sustainability of the planet. Humans today consume more clothing than ever before. As a result of this demand, garment production systems have been reorganized globally to provide the cheapest, most efficient workforce possible. Reliant on global connectivity, the industry exploits labor from marginalized communities who restructure their lives around the requirements of modern fashion—extreme flexibility and the ability to work grueling hours for low wages. It is well established that the fashion industry poses a threat to the environment. However, also implicated in garment consumption and production practices are the health and safety of workers that make clothing. In this article, I investigate how and why Prato, Italy is home to a significant population of Chinese migrants producing a specialized kind of low-cost fashion, pronto moda, often under hazardous conditions that have led to tragic factory disasters. Utilizing a theoretical framework of transnational relationships and localized distributions of labor, I analyze how migrants in Prato created a system of clothing manufacturing that significantly changed fashion fabrication, and the potential for disaster that exists therein. This case study is crucial in understanding how our culture of consumption has led us to these dangerous extremes and the global implications of our purchasing tendencies on both the natural world and our fellow humans. I argue that beyond implementing improved health and safety regulations in factories, the path toward an equitable fashion system—free of disaster—requires a societal and cultural reevaluation of how and why we buy the clothes we do.
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David Anjaya, Christian, and Paulus Sukapto. "Proposal for Prevention of Occupational Disease Risk Using the Hiradc Method at PT X in the Dyeing Department." Jurnal Improsci 1, no. 6 (June 16, 2024): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.62885/improsci.v1i6.307.
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People in this era have various needs in carrying out life. The needs that need to be used by the community have multiple kinds of things, such as clothing. Clothes used by the community go through various processes before becoming finished goods. Before becoming ready-to-wear, clothes came from raw materials such as fabric rolls. There are multiple production processes, such as yarn, fabric, chemical dyeing, etc. One of the places where fabrics are produced is textile factories. A textile factory is a company that produces products in the form of fabrics. The manufacture of fabrics that occur in textile factories must involve mixing chemicals so that the fabric has good quality. The process of mixing these chemical substances involves workers, and the chemical substances used are classified as Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3), so these chemicals can have a bad impact on their workers if there is physical contact with the worker's body. Exposure to chemicals in the worker's body will cause a risk of developing Occupational Diseases (PAK). Therefore, in this study, data will be processed to prevent workers' risk of Occupational Diseases (PAK) using the HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) method. The proposal given in this study is a proposal for the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for preventive measures against Occupational Diseases (PAK) for workers
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Debnath, Smita Rani. "A Study on Current Perspective of Supply Chain Management of Textile & Clothing Industry of Bangladesh in relevant to Future Demand." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 08, no. 09 (September 25, 2017): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2017.09.009.
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The aim of this paper is to identify the current status of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in Textile & clothing Industry of Bangladesh. Also to discover the main issues faced regarding the supply chain, such as, inventory management, Longer Lead time ,collaboration, technology & logistics management . Also to relate it to the Modern Supply Chain in relevant to future Demand for the sustainable growth of this Industry . Textile industry of Bangladesh has been occupying as the largest source of exports and foreign currency for the country . It contributes 82.3% of the total export of Bangladesh .Also 4.00 Millions of women and men are employed in this industry. The export-oriented RMG sector has some distinctive features, which differentiate it from other businesses. Wage, supply chain, timeframe, and compliances are among the most important features of this business. Whatever the wage level or lead time is without proper supply chain management no business is viable. Our endeavor was to manage and exploit the opportunity that lies in an integrated supply chain which will provide competitive advantage to the Bangladesh garment factories. The study revels that the decision makers and planners of Textile & Clothing Industry should align their supply chain strategies, work together with all the supply chain partners, share information among the stages of supply chain, have a standard SCM procedure, comply the code of conduct, adapt changing technologies, minimize corruption and bureaucratic tangles in customs, cut lead time etc to sustain its growth.
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Parabrahmachari, Sriram, and Dr N. Srinivasan. "Iot Technology-Based Smart Distribution Framework for the Recognition of Vulnerabilities." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (June 30, 2021): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/06487.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) transforms everybody’s life through functionality like control and tracking of linked intelligent devices. Smart towns, houses, vehicles, factories, e-healthcare to intelligent control systems, commuting, clothing, agriculture, and many more size IoT applications. The adaptation of these instruments is increasing rapidly, generating considerable data for visualization and interpretation. These systems are also vulnerable to various security risks and issues alongside easy human life, which not only concern consumers for their adoption in sensitive environments such as e-health, smart homes, and so on but also represent a risk for IoT nutrition in the next few days. The Internet of Things (IoT) transforms everybody’s life through functions like the tracking and surveillance of the associated intelligent objects. Smart cities, houses, vehicles, factories, e-healthcare, commuting, wearable tech, agriculture, and more are all IoT technologies. The adaptation of such instruments is exponentially increasing, which produces considerable data for processing and analysis. These systems are thus vulnerable to various threats and safety challenges alongside facilitating human life, not only causing concern to the consumers for their use in centralized locations including such e-health and intelligent home, etc but also posing a risk to IoT nutrition in the coming days. Moreover, a detailed competitive study between the suggested technique and other related schemes reveals that a better deal is reached with the suggested Method in comparison with other schemes between the safety and accessibility features, connectivity, and computing costs.
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Kopyrina, Sardana Nikolaevna. "Factory Settlements of State-Owned Enterprises in Ural in the 20-50s of the XVIII Century." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 1 (January 2023): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.1.39645.
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The subject of the study are residents of factory settlements of state-owned factories in the Urals. The aim of the study is to reconstruct the social and living conditions of living and working conditions of employees and factory workers. The basis of the study is the office documents of the Siberian Oberbergamt (Office of the Chief Executive of the Board since 1734), stored in the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk region. Special attention is paid to the conditions of the formation of settlements around the factories, the main categories of the population and their quantitative composition are determined. The duration of working hours, occupations of residents on weekends and holidays are considered. The system of receiving salaries of the officer mining corps, employees, the amount of remuneration of the main categories of workers has been studied. The analysis of prices for basic foodstuffs, clothing, shoes, household economy, living conditions of residents of factory settlements is presented. The novelty of the study is to identify the average wage for various categories of workers. The available materials on the living conditions of the inhabitants of the mining Urals allow us to conclude that the population of factory settlements was heterogeneous in social structure. The population of factory settlements mainly had their own housing, which varied by category of positions held. The remuneration of most of the factory workers varied from 18 to 30 rubles. The household economy of the population of factory settlements was also under the management of the Office, which kept records of pasture lands. The number of holidays and days off for factory workers was regulated by the provisions of the Instructions to the Factory commissioner dated October 16, 1723. A special contribution of the author in the study of the topic is the compilation of summary tables on the number of population of state-owned factories in the Urals, identifying the features of the activities of V.I. Gennin and V.N. Tatishchev on the organization of working hours and rest time of factory workers.
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Kamal, Takmina, and Surina Tarzid. "Occupational Health and Safety in the RMG Sector of Bangladesh: An Enormous Order." Journal of Business and Economic Development 9, no. 2 (July 3, 2024): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20240902.12.
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Today it’s a matter of concern to ensure the occupational health and safety in the Ready Made Garments (Hereinafter referred to as RMG) sector of Bangladesh. Some accidents such as the Tazrin Fashion Fire and the Rana Plaza collapse draw attention - to the critical situation the workers of Bangladesh are working in, and to what extent they are at risk. It's a matter of regret and shame that, it has been forgotten that the RMG sector not only contributes to our national economy but also emancipates the poor people from poverty and hunger, This sector also highlights our country in front of the world. Textiles and clothing account for earnings a lot in Bangladesh, where most of these come from the apparel sector. This sector has a crucial role in alleviating poverty in Bangladesh. However, rapid growth, as well as the failure of the Bangladesh government to enforce its building and labour regulations, resulted in worker abuse and unsafe for poorly constructed factories. This series has been elucidated to what extent occupational health and safety covered and their impact, also focuses on how the rights of the worker are violated and analysis the duties and responsibilities of the related persons such as occupiers of the factories, Trade Unions, Collective Bargaining Agent, Inspector, buyer and so on. It also focuses the statutory protection to ensure Occupational health and safety. Finally, put some recommendations or ways out to ensure the safe and sound working conditions of the workers of the RMG sector in Bangladesh.
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Novikov, Y. V., and S. Y. Krasner. "Development of a mechatronic thread trimmer." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 10 (751) (October 2022): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-10-62-73.
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In the production of clothing and footwear, machine tools and semi-automatic machines are widely used. Sewing enterprises and factories of art products are partially equipped with single-needle semi-automatic embroidery machines with microprocessor control modules. Their main equipment is non-automated universal lockstitch sewing machines, chain sewing machines, zigzag stitch machines, in which embroiderers manually move the hoop with the workpiece during the embroidery process. One of the promising areas for improving sewing processes and multi-color embroidery is their automation through the use of mechatronic modules in the equipment used and semi-automatic embroidery machines. On equipment with mechatronic modules, the main operations are performed automatically, which reduces their labor intensity and improves the appearance of products due to higher stitching accuracy. The possibility of simultaneous maintenance of several semi-automatic machines by one operator increases labor productivity. A method for designing a mechatronic module for a thread trimming mechanism is proposed, which is based on calculated and experimental recommendations when designing new semi-automatic embroidery machines or upgrading those used in industrial enterprises.
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Paik, Gyung H. (Daniel), Byunghwan (Brandon) Lee, and Kip R. Krumwiede. "Corporate Social Responsibility Performance and Outsourcing: The Case of the Bangladesh Tragedy." Journal of International Accounting Research 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51658.
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ABSTRACT Multinational firms frequently outsource the manufacturing of their products to factories in less-developed countries to take advantage of much lower labor costs. A tragic disaster occurred in Bangladesh in April 2013 when a clothing factory building collapsed, killing more than 1,000 workers. Subsequently, textile companies in the U.S. and in Europe that outsource their manufacturing in Bangladesh had to decide whether to commit to better working conditions by signing one of two worker safety agreements (WSAs) born from the aftermath of the tragedy. Although many firms signed one of these agreements, many more did not. This study explores the relationship between an actual corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment and firm performance using a sample of companies that signed one of the WSAs after the Bangladesh disaster and those that did not. The results suggest that the decision to sign is positively associated with social visibility, prior CSR performance, and impact in stock price after the tragedy. Regarding subsequent performance, investors favorably responded to the news of firms' signing the WSA agreement.
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Kumar, Senthil. "Empowerment or exploitation: the case of women employment system in India's textile and clothing industry." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 8 (November 26, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2013-0229.
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Subject area Governance challenges in reverse value chain. Study level/applicability Women employment system in textile and clothing industry. Case overview The textile and clothing firms, often frustrated by frequent labor issues, used an innovative employment scheme – Sumangali scheme – to employ young female workers from poor families in rural areas, aged between 18 and 25 years, as apprentices for three years who would stay in dormitories located in the vicinity of the factories, draw low wages with minimum benefits. But the scheme was criticized by labor unions and Europe- and US-based non-governmental organization (NGOs) on the grounds of alleged violation of labor rights such as freedom of association, freedom of movement, exploitative working conditions, low wages with minimum or no benefits, long working hours and abusive supervisors. Their public campaign against the alleged employment practices has put tremendous pressure on the global buyers to take steps to ameliorate the situation. In the wake of campaign by NGOs, few buyers have even terminated the relationship with the manufacturers. Others have warned action against those erring manufacturers. The actions by global buyers, NGOs against some of the women employment practices raised several questions in the minds of manufacturers. They were wondering why US- and Europe-based NGOs were up in arms to dump an employment scheme unmindful of socio-economic realities in India? Is it a clever ploy that developed nations use some private, voluntary, corporate social responsibility norms to stop companies purchasing textile and clothing products from a developing country like India on the grounds of violation of labor rights? As per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 81, it is the responsibility of central/state governments to inspect and monitor labor employment practices in an industry. Then why NGOs and other private groups volunteer to become watch dogs of labor practices and launch campaigns against mills? Would it not undermine the role of government in ensuring industrial harmony? Even if NGOs' actions are justified on the grounds of moral and ethical principles, what role should they play when it comes to management–worker relationship? In the Indian context, only the government can interfere if the relationship turns sour? Should NGOs need to use a different set of ethical standards which are more relevant and contextual to the socio-economic environment in India? Expected learning outcomes To understand evolution of apparel global value chain and workforce development challenges in India; to explore the link between consumer activism and corporate social responsibility; to explore the challenge of addressing issues such as alleged human rights violation and labor exploitation by independent suppliers located in India; to explore the challenges faced by global buyers in contextualizing, operationalizing and realizing certain human rights along the supply chain located in India; and to explore sustainability challenges of women employment in textile and clothing mills in India. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Social implications Sustenance of women employment system in India's textile and clothing industry and its associated challenges.
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Heinzen, James. "Soviet Entrepreneurs in the Late Socialist Shadow Economy: The Case of the Kyrgyz Affair." Slavic Review 79, no. 3 (2020): 544–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.157.
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Supported by new archival material, this article delves deeply into one landmark criminal case to explore key aspects of the social, economic, and cultural history of illegal production and markets in the Soviet 1950s–60s. The goal of the article (and the larger project from which it draws) is to use archival research to shed light on major themes in Soviet history. It touches on three important and promising fields: everyday life under late Soviet socialism; the vibrant history of crime and law in this period; and the history of entrepreneurial activities within the hyper-centralized state-planned economy, focusing on the dynamics of the shadow economy. The so-called Kyrgyz Affair, a famous and expansive shadow economy operation centered in clothing factories in Frunze (Bishkek), Kyrgyz Republic, is at the center of the article. I argue that the scope, sophistication, ambition, and success of this and similar operations helps us understand a significant reason why Nikita Khrushchev decided to introduce the death penalty for aggravated cases of theft of state property and bribery in 1961–62. Associated with and fully permeating the shadow economy, one sees many varieties of practices, attitudes, informal institutions and agreements, and relationships.
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Weinstein, Barbara. "“They don't even look like women workers”: Femininity and Class in Twentieth-Century Latin America." International Labor and Working-Class History 69, no. 1 (March 2006): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547906000093.
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Recent research on consumer culture and working-class femininity in the United States has argued that attention to fashionable clothing and dime novels did not undermine female working-class identities, but rather provided key resources for creating those identities. In this essay I consider whether we can see a similar process of appropriation by working-class women in Latin America. There women employed in factories had to contend with widespread denigration of the female factory worker. Looking first at the employer-run “Centers for Domestic Instruction” in São Paulo, I argue that “proper femininity” in these centers—frequented by large numbers of working-class women—reflected middle-class notions of the skilled housewife, and situated working-class women as nearly middle class. What we see is a process of “approximation,” not appropriation. I then look at the case of Argentina (especially Greater Buenos Aires) where Peronism also promoted “traditional” roles for working-class women but where Eva Perón emerges as a working-class heroine. The figure of Evita—widely reviled by women of the middle and upper classes—becomes a means to construct an alternative, class-based femininity for working-class women.
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Mahmoud, Amal Ahmed Mohamed. "Take Advantage of Leftover Yarns of Different Materials in Factories to Produce out Wear Clothing For Ladies Achieve the Aesthetic Appearance and the Functional Performance." Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 376–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2015.154976.
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Hisamutdinova, Ravilya R., and Svetlana U. Vasilieva (Polkunova). "Light Industry in the Urals in 1928–40: Regional Aspects of Early Industrial Modernization." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2020): 554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-554-565.
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Providing the population with consumer goods is one of the state’s main tasks. Therefore, in terms of welfare, development of light industry is a priority. Studying modernization of the light industry in the first half of the 20th century require a regional approach to identify common pattern and peculiarities of territories. The authors draws on previously unpublished archival documents (dating from 1928–40) from the State Archive of the Russian Federation to consider the development of light industry in the Urals during the pre-war five-year plan. The article uses general scientific method and such methods as comparative-historical, system-structural. With their help, it was possible to draw a historically objective picture of the development of light industry in the Urals in 1928–40. The authors focus their attention on the dynamics of production of essential goods in regions and republics of the Urals and identify the most rapidly developing industries. The article reviews the state of material and technical base of the enterprises; the process of reconstruction of the main industries and of equipment renewal. Most factories and plants received new equipment. During the first five-year plans the textile, footwear, and clothing industries were in the lead. However, the rate of production mechanization remained slow. The article introduces into scientific use statistical data on the expansion of light industry enterprises network during the first five-year plan. There were established sewing, saddlery, footwear, textile factories, workshops of individual tailoring. The number of light industry enterprises in the Urals grew from 91 industrial facilities in 1928 to 412 by 1940. The raw material base of light industry of the Urals was insufficient for the growing needs of production. Shortage of raw materials, dependence on numerous suppliers of raw materials, and their territorial remoteness complicated the work of industries, resulting in reduction of the enterprises’ capacity. The results of the study can be used in writing of general works on the development of light industry during the pre-war five-year plans in Russia, and in the Urals in particular.
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Ignace, Rakotozandry Andriamananarivo, and Ravalison Andrianaivomalala Francois. "Network Meta-Analysis for Determining the Best Lean Tools Synergy to Improve Productivity by Reducing Rework in Garment Factories." International Journal of Business and Management Research 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.120103.
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The textile industry plays an important role in the global economy; however, it faces persistent challenges related to reducing rework for improving productivity. The purpose of this study is to summarize some scientific researches about production delay caused by rework in a clothing and accessory industry. It provides a general overview of the current state of knowledge concerning the interdependence between reduced productivity and rework rate. The research process is based on the Functional Analysis System Technique. It facilitates a systematic examination of sequential and logical steps necessary to achieve objective and attain outcomes. Functional Analysis System Techniques not only provides a structured methodology but also aids in identifying the successive functions crucial for attaining desired outcomes. The initial phase involves conducting a comprehensive systematic literature review focused on productivity issues stemming from rework within the textile industry. The first phase, related to the Seiri of the 5S methodology, involves conducting a comprehensive systematic literature review focused on productivity issues stemming from rework within the textile industry. Subsequently, the filling of a literature review synthesis matrix using Excel is conducted which represents Seiton. Next, focusing specifically on the Lean tools employed utilized and the corresponding productivity improvements, data are extracted. This corresponds to Seiso step. Following this, a Network Meta-Analysis is applied, representing the Seiketsu. Finally, the identification of the most effective Lean tools combination to reduce rework is undertaken, corresponding to Shitsuke. As results, the Ishikawa Diagram appears to have obtained the best ranking position according to the rankogram. Ishikawa Diagram is often associated with other tools to multiply its performance. The study's findings highlight that the Ishikawa, Pareto, Single-Minute Exchange of Die and Work Study combination emerges as the most effective approach for minimizing rework and enhancing productivity, as indicated by the League Table. This network meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the Lean tools synergy effectiveness in rework reduction and productivity improvement strategies in textile industries. While powerful, Network Meta-Analysis has limitations including reliance on indirect comparisons from studies that may not directly compare all treatments, inheriting biases and complexities, which can pose challenges in assessing result certainty.
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Rabi Ullah, Muhammad. "Impact of Covid-19 on Readymade Garments Workers at Dhaka Division Of Bangladesh." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 11, no. 4 (May 3, 2024): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.114.16737.
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In this study we are attempts to identify the real situation of COVID-19 impact on working environment of RMG workers in Bangladesh. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on RMG workers is dire and include uncertainty about the wages during the COVID-19 pandemic and related issues such as lack of money for essentials such as food, and concerns about the re-opening of factories during COVID-19 infection peak times. The objectives of this study is to identify the COVID-19 impact on readymade garments (RGM) workers as well as shows the present conditions of readymade garments workers and work place environment of RMG sector in Bangladesh. Finally, to find out the problems and suggest some policy recommendations of RMG sectors in Bangladesh. This study attempts to know COVID-19 Impact on working environment of RMG workers in Bangladesh in Selected Factories in Dhaka division. The present study is an exploratory sample survey. Besides this, to enhance the acceptance of result and considering the circumstances few case studies are also conducted. The sampling of my study is 50 workers selected based on accidental sampling techniques and five garments selected based on sample survey and purposively out of the total population of these garments industries. The sources of data to carry out the proposed study data has been collected from two sources; Primary and Secondary sources. The data processing with various tables, pie-charts, bar-diagrams and figures have been used for analyzing the collected data. The information have been classified and tabulated under various characteristics. The results have been shown using simple statistical methods, qualitative and quantitative both kinds of analysis have been used. Some problems and limitations are therefore, inevitable in the way of conducting such a broad task. Finding of this study are most of the workers have lost their overtime work. Their income level falls that result, domestic violence has raised in most of the workers families. At last we can say that the production of clothing during the COVID-19 pandemic must not go ahead without an urgent overview of the system and the development of a plan to ensure the health and safety of workers.
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Bechrifa, Emna, Saloua Ismail, Amani Dallagi, Emna Baraket, Nihel Khouja, Jihen Hsinet, and Aida Benzarti. "P-006 SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ORGANIC SOLVENTS: A REPORT OF TWO CASES." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0439.
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Abstract Introduction Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with a multifactorial etiology, and its underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated. The observation of scleroderma cases among individuals with occupational exposure to organic solvents raises intriguing questions about the potential role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of this condition. Discuss occupational systemic sclerosis related to chronic exposure to industry- used organic solvents and propose a preventive strategy. Methods The study comprises two case reports and a bibliographic search. Results Two female patients, aged 23 and 52, worked in industrial clothing factories, exposed chronically to organic solvents like perchloroethylene without preventive measures. Scleroderma diagnosis was confirmed through positive antinuclear antibody assays, reduced capillary count by capillaroscopy, and restricted respiratory function. The exposure duration was six and 16 years, respectively. The second patient was also diagnosed with organic psychosyndrome and peripheral neuropathy, declared of occupational origin, unlike scleroderma, not recognized legally. Discussion Occupational investigation identified organic solvents as likely causal agents. Chronic exposure suggests a potential link to occupational systemic sclerosis. Literature already associates organic solvents with scleroderma development. The biological plausibility of solvent-induced scleroderma, potentially involving immunological mechanisms like protein denaturation, aligns with established disease pathways and effects of organic solvent exposure. Conclusion Our study emphasizes the significance of implementing preventive measures at individual and collective levels to mitigate potential increases in scleroderma cases resulting from widespread solvent use, which could also reduce the risk of developing drug-like addiction to solvents and other effects on major organs.
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Rahman, Zillur. "Accord on “Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh”: A Breakthrough Agreement?" Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v4i1.3551.
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This discussion aims to review the emergence of the “Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh” signed on May 13, 2013, and evaluate if it is an international agreement “breakthrough”. The Accord is signed not only by the global clothing brands and national garment unions but also by international trade union organizations, which is a new development. This raises a question: could this agreement set a new international negotiating precedence in industrial relations between transnational corporations and international trade union organizations? In Bangladesh, globalization has played an important role for booming garment industries. Yet, lack of workers’ rights, weak safety situations, and poor working conditions have continuously been reported. Local and international solidarity movements and garment workers’ welfare associations have been emphasizing workers’ rights and better and safer working environments in workplaces since the beginning of the 1990s. However, their voices were not highly considered even there were some initiatives. Following the ‘Rana Plaza’ garment factory building collapse in April 2013, one of the world’s worst industrial accidents, with more than 1,100 dead workers, some strong measures have been taken—one of these, signing the ‘Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh’. This is a strong achievement of a long struggle to take collective action for improving the safety in garment factories in Bangladesh. Although the Accord is understood as a game changer or breakthrough in relation to national and international agreements, do we really know yet if it is a breakthrough or not when it comes to its implementation?
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Khisamutdinova, Ravilya R., and Svetlana U. Vasilieva. "Light Industry in the Urals in the Days of the New Economic Policy in the Context of Early Industrial Modernization of the Late 19th – the First Half of the 20th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2021): 1168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-4-1168-1178.
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The article examines the development of the light industry sectors of the Urals in the 1920s drawing on materials from state archives of the Russian Federation. The study is to identify the signs of the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals in the days of the New Economic Policy and to analyze them. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to analyze the network of light industry enterprises in the Urals; to study the state of material and technical base of industrial enterprises in the region; to reveal the dynamics of gross output. Early industrial modernization in Russia began in the late 19th century. However, for a number of reasons, including the events of the First World War, revolutionary upheavals, and the Civil War, it remained unconcluded after the first two decades of the 20th century. The period of the New Economic Policy is considered by V.V. Alekseev and I.V. Poberezhnikov as a continuation of the early industrial modernization. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the New Economic Policy, from 1921 to 1927. The territorial framework is the Ural Economic Region. Geographic, economic, and ethnic factors permit to address the Urals as an integral territorial entity. In the 1920s, it included the Ural region (now the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk, and Kurgan regions), the Orenburg gubernia (now the Orenburg region), the Votyak Autonomous Oblast (now the Udmurt Republic), and the Bashkir ASSR (now the Republic of Bashkortostan). The article highlights the issues of trustification in the light industry of the region, the emergence of new plants and factories. The network of industrial enterprises was transformed during the period under review. As a result of consolidation and liquidation of unprofitable enterprises, the number of factories and plants decreased in comparison with the indicators of 1913 by 12 units. The largest number of industrial enterprises was concentrated on the territory of the Ural Region. The process of the light industry sectors recovery of the 1920s was accompanied by the solution of a number of problems associated with shortage of raw materials and need to upgrade the equipment. During the period under review, enterprises experienced difficulties in raw materials supply. Most dynamically developing industries were textiles, footwear, and clothing. By the end of the New Economic Policy, the volume of production of light industry goods in the region exceeded pre-war indicators. However, the revealed data indicate that the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals was incomplete by the end of the 1920s.
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Sokyrko, Oleksii. "Hetman in a Wig. External Forms of Representation of the Hetman Kyrylo Rozumovskyi’s Power." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 2 (2019): 51–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2019.2.04.
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The article deals with the transformations of visual representations of power of the last hetman of Cossack Ukraine Kyrylo Rozumovskyi (1750-1764). The traditional elements of the ruling elite’s representation included the court of the ruler with its hierarchy, system of political roles, staff, etiquette and ceremonial, capital and numerous residences. Among the hetman, various groups of nobles, courtiers, attendants, representatives of the social strata took part in the performative actions. Political representational acts, including elections, inagurations, investitures, as well as religious and personal celebrations of rulers, such as, hunting and banquet, were the most common. Each action had its own ceremonial scenario that was full of explicit or hidden meanings. Rozumovskyi radically changed the ideology and forms of the external representation of the Hetman's power. Old clothing, churches and fortresses were replaced by the European cosmopolitan and secular courtly culture. Hetman preferred to look like a European nobleman. The cult of the head of the Cossack Troops, as the first knight among equals, transformed into the image of an enlightened ruler and protector of the Little Russian (Malorossia) country. The way of life of the Hetman's court changed significantly. While the traditional banquets and hunts preserved, the new artistic entertainments, such as concerts, spectacles, balls and masquerades, appeared. A renewed hetman’s capital in Baturin with its exquisite palace and park, university, state institutions and factories, reflected this new concept of power.The political aspect of symbols and ceremonials was especially important field of semantic changes. Being a relative of the ruling dynasty and possesing a hetman's title, Rozumovskyi placed himself outside the existing ruling hierarchies both in the Russian Empire and in the Hetmanate. As plans for the establishment of hereditary hetmanhood in Ukraine were made, the visual symbols of the future political project were formed. They combined a symbolism of the "Little Russian (Malorossian) nation" with the Rozumovskyi’s personal coat of arms and monograms. This symbiosis clearly reflected the political ambitions of the Hetman who wanted to see himself as a half-sovereign ruler.
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Syahra, Efa, Jamal Bake, and Akhyar Abdullah. "Identifikasi Peluang Bisnis Usaha Kecil Pada Wilayah Sekitar Industri Kelapa Sawit PT. Damai Jaya Lestari di Kecamatan Polinggona Kabupaten Kolaka Sulawesi Tenggara." Business UHO: Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 4, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.52423/bujab.v4i2.9459.
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This study aims to find out the Opportunities for Small Business in the Palm Oil Industry Development Area of PT. Damai Jaya Lestari in Polinggona District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The research informants consisted of company elements, community elements and local observers in Polinggona District. Data collection uses: interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis uses analysis of data reduction, data presentation and verification.The results of this study indicate that: Identified business opportunities in Polinggona Sub-District there are 9 micro businesses, namely credit business, electricity tokens, workshops, photocopies, basic food stores, pest / fertilizer poisons, clothing sellers, brown sugar making, food stalls, tempeh factories and tofu. With the implementation of these opportunities, people can think creatively or take advantage of these opportunities optimally by knowing several opportunities sources such as self-awareness, the surrounding environment, changes that occur, consumers, other people's ideas, and information obtained, so that it can be said small businesses that have an impact on the industry in the Polinggona Subdistrict, Kolaka District.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peluang Bisnis Usaha Kecil Pada Wilayah Pengembangan Industri Kelapa Sawit PT. Damai Jaya Lestari Di Kecamatan Polinggona Kabupaten Kolaka Sulawesi Tenggara. Informan penelitian terdiri dari unsur perusahaan, unsur masyarakat dan tokoh pengamat setempat di Kecamatan Polinggona. Pengumpulan data menggunakan: wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : Teridentifikasi peluang usaha di Kecamatan Polinggona ada 9 usaha mikro yaitu bisnis pulsa, token listrik, bengkel, fotocopy, toko sembako, racun hama/pupuk, penjual pakaian, pembuatan gula merah, warung makan, pabrik tempe dan tahu. Dengan terlaksananya sebuah peluang tersebut masyarakat dapat berfikir secara kreatif atau memanfaatkan peluang tersebut secara optimal dengan mengetahui beberapa sumber peluang berupa kesadaran diri sendiri, lingkungan sekitar, perubahan yang terjadi, konsumen, gagasan orang lain, dan informasi yang di peroleh, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa adanya usaha kecil yang berdampak pada bedirinya industri pada wilayah Kecamatan Polinggona Kabupaten Kolaka.
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Yahr, Jayme. "Appropriating Identity: William Hogarth, Thomas Gainsborough, and Britain’s Myth of the Self-Made Man." FORUM: University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture & the Arts, no. 11 (December 12, 2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/forum.11.659.
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Britain’s self-made man was defined by taste, money, influence, and most importantly, middle-class rank in the early decades of the Industrial Revolution. During the mid-1700s, a change began to take place between the social classes, stripping the aristocracy of their role as Britain’s foremost connoisseurs and trendsetters. The shift from aristocratic indulgences to those of the newly wealthy middle class stemmed from a number of factors. For one, the economy was changing during the 18th-century. An industrial environment, which often included factories and workers, was the new-found key to the financial success of self-made men. As David Kutcha explains, “late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century English aristocrats lost control of the meanings of consumption, as political, economic, and clothing reformers succeeded in portraying aristocratic men as prodigal parasites living off of a virtuous and industrious nation” (135). To prove that the individuals in England’s highest social class were unworthy of their role as connoisseurs of taste, middle-class reformers attacked the aristocracy, declaring that the upper classes were unworthy of their status and were living off the successes provided by industry and self-made men.Portraiture created in Britain during the 18th- and 19th-centuries, particularly paintings by William Hogarth (1697-1764) and Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788), exemplifies the myth of the self-made man, as well as the shift in social class dominance. Moreover, portraiture emphasizes the middle-class’s adoption of aristocratic visual language, while in turn depicting men as wealthy industrials who benefit the national economy and define the manly character of England. Although middle-class reformers were determined to prove that the titled class was effeminate and parasitic, it was the aristocratic ideal of masculinity that the middling ranks adopted as their own. English artists Hogarth and Gainsborough were influential in addressing the tension produced by the shifting social lines of the Industrial Revolution. Bound to Britain’s wealth for their own survival, both Hogarth and Gainsborough sought the patronage of the rising middle-class while sustaining their own notions of the self-made myth.