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Journal articles on the topic 'Cloths'
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Gibson, Kristen E., Philip G. Crandall, and Steven C. Ricke. "Removal and Transfer of Viruses on Food Contact Surfaces by Cleaning Cloths." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 9 (2012): 3037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00027-12.
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ABSTRACTContamination of food contact surfaces with pathogens is considered an important vehicle for the indirect transmission of food-borne diseases. Five different cleaning cloths were assessed for the ability to remove viruses from food contact surfaces (stainless steel surface and nonporous solid surface) and to transfer viruses back to these surfaces. Cleaning cloths evaluated include two different cellulose/cotton cloths, one microfiber cloth, one nonwoven cloth, and one cotton terry bar towel. Four viral surrogates (murine norovirus [MNV], feline calicivirus [FCV], bacteriophages PRD1 and MS2) were included. Removal of FCV from stainless steel was significantly greater (P≤ 0.05) than that from nonporous solid surface, and overall removal of MNV from both surfaces was significantly less (P≤ 0.05) than that of FCV and PRD1. Additionally, the terry towel removed significantly fewer total viruses (P≤ 0.05) than the microfiber and one of the cotton/cellulose cloths. The cleaning cloth experiments were repeated with human norovirus. For transfer of viruses from cloth to surface, both cellulose/cotton cloths and microfiber transferred an average of 3.4 and 8.5 total PFU, respectively, to both surfaces, and the amounts transferred were significantly different (P≤ 0.05) from those for the nonwoven cloth and terry towel (309 and 331 total PFU, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05) in the amount of virus transfer between surfaces. These data indicate that while the cleaning cloths assessed here can remove viruses from surfaces, some cloths may also transfer a significant amount of viruses back to food contact surfaces.
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Onibonoje, Moses Oluwafemi, and Adedayo Olukayode Ojo. "A multipart distributed modelling approach for an automated protection system in open-air cloth drying." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (2022): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2432-2440.
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<span>There are different methods of drying wet clothes, but drying with direct sunlight is considered the best suited for the preservation of the quality and usability of the cloths. However, sudden rainfall during the drying period constitutes a major drawback of the method. This returns the cloths to a drenched state as it is practically impossible to watch the clothes dry off after washing. This paper has proposed a model for an automated system for controlled open-air fabric drying by detecting the rain and moisture status of the cloths in real-time, and capable of shielding them to safety from the rainfall and excess sun. The modelled part considers the sensing model, drying model, control model, and their validation. The implementation and evaluation stage relates the result of the validated results to the developed prototypes. The simulated results in the sensing unit indicate above 87.5% agreements with the analytical results, and the controller simulated result provides a relatively small overshoot and faster dynamic response. Manufacturers of hanger systems for cloth drying have a basis for the design and implementation of their products in the paper.</span>
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Moses, Oluwafemi Onibonoje, and Olukayode Ojo Adedayo. "A multipart distributed modelling approach for an automated protection system in open-air cloth drying." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (2022): 2432–40. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2432-2440.
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There are different methods of drying wet clothes but drying with direct sunlight is considered the best suited for the preservation of the quality and usability of the cloths. However, sudden rainfall during the drying period constitutes a major drawback of the method. This returns the cloths to a drenched state as it is practically impossible to watch the clothes dry off after washing. This paper has proposed a model for an automated system for controlled open-air fabric drying by detecting the rain and moisture status of the cloths in real-time, and capable of shielding them to safety from the rainfall and excess sun. The modelled part considers the sensing model, drying model, control model, and their validation. The implementation and evaluation stage relate the result of the validated results to the developed prototypes. The simulated results in the sensing unit indicate above 87.5% agreements with the analytical results, and the controller simulated result provides a relatively small overshoot and faster dynamic response. Manufacturers of hanger systems for cloth drying have a basis for the design and implementation of their products in the paper.
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SREEDHARAN, ASWATHY, KEITH R. SCHNEIDER, and MICHELLE D. DANYLUK. "Salmonella Transfer Potential onto Tomatoes during Laboratory-Simulated In-Field Debris Removal." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 7 (2014): 1062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-509.
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Florida Tomato Good Agricultural Practices (T-GAPs) mandate the removal of dirt and debris from tomatoes during harvest but do not provide any specific regulations or guidance; thus, the current practice of using cloths needs to be evaluated. This study examined Salmonella transfer from inoculated green tomatoes to uninoculated cloths and from inoculated cloths to uninoculated tomatoes, upon single and multiple touches. Tomatoes were spot inoculated with a rifampin-resistant Salmonella cocktail (107 CFU per tomato) and were touched with cloth (clean, dirty-dry, dirty-wet) at 0, 1, or 24 h postinoculation. Salmonella was enumerated on tryptic soy agar, followed by enrichments when necessary. The transfer direction was then reversed by touching freshly inoculated cloths with uninoculated tomatoes. Transfer coefficients (TCs) were then calculated. Salmonella TCs from inoculated tomato and cloth were highest when the inoculum was wet (0.44 ± 0.13 to 0.32 ± 0.12), regardless of the condition of the cloth. Although Salmonella TCs from inoculated tomato to uninoculated cloth decreased significantly when the inoculum was dried (0.17 ± 0.23 to 0.01 ± 0.00), low levels of Salmonella were detected on cloth even after 24 h of drying. Inoculated dirty cloth did not transfer more Salmonella compared with inoculated clean cloth, and Salmonella survival was not higher on dirty cloth. When inoculated clean cloth (wet) was touched with 25 tomatoes, significantly higher levels of Salmonella were transferred to the first, second, and fourth tomatoes (0.03 ± 0.10 to 0.09 ± 0.02). However, inoculated dirty-wet (below limit of detection) and dirty-dry (0.00 to 0.04 ±0.01) cloths transferred similar levels of Salmonella to all 25 tomatoes. Results indicate a low risk of potential Salmonella contamination when the same cloth is used multiple times for debris removal, especially under high moisture levels. Results also show that the use of dirty cloths did not increase the risk of Salmonella cross-contamination.
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Humphreys, PN, J. Hook, and S. Rout. "Evaluation of the cleaning efficiency of microfibre cloths processed via an ozonated laundry system." Journal of Infection Prevention 13, no. 4 (2012): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757177412447833.
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The use of microfibre cloths for environmental cleaning has become ubiquitous in healthcare environments. However, there are issues with the re-use of microfibre cloths associated with their sterilisation and continued cleaning performance. Ozone-based laundry systems potentially provide an efficient route for the recycling of microfibre cloths; however it is necessary to demonstrate that this technology does not degrade their cleaning efficiency. The impact of an ozone-based laundry system on the cleaning efficiency of microfibre cloths was evaluated using a simulated wiping protocol. Two different types of microfibre cloth were investigated with no significant difference ( p>0.05) in the cleaning efficiency of either type being found over one, 150 and 350 wash cycles. The cleaning performance of ozone treated cloths was also not significantly different from that of conventionally laundered (250 cycles) cloths.
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KUSUMANINGRUM, H. D., R. PALTINAITE, A. J. KOOMEN, W. C. HAZELEGER, F. M. ROMBOUTS, and R. R. BEUMER. "Tolerance of Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus to Surface Cleaning and Household Bleach." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 12 (2003): 2289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.12.2289.
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Effective cleaning and sanitizing of food preparation sites is important because pathogens are readily spread to food contact surfaces after preparation of contaminated raw products. Tolerance of Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcusaureus to surface cleaning by wiping with regular, microfiber, and antibacterial-treated cloths was investigated. Wiping with cleaning cloths resulted in a considerable reduction of microorganisms from surfaces, despite the greater difficulty in removing S. aureus than Salmonella Enteritidis. Depending on the cloth type, S. aureus were reduced on surfaces from initial numbers of approximately 105 CFU/100 cm2 to numbers from less than 4 CFU/100 cm2 (below the detection limit) to 100 CFU/100 cm2. Directly after the cloths were used to clean the contaminated surfaces, they contained high numbers of bacteria (104 to 105 CFU/100 cm2), except for the disposable antibacterial-treated cloths, in which no bacteria could be detected. The tolerance of these pathogens to sodium hypochlorite was studied in the suspension test and in cloths. S. aureus showed a better tolerance for sodium hypochlorite than Salmonella Enteritidis. Inactivation of microorganisms in cloths required a higher concentration of sodium hypochlorite than was needed in the suspension test. Repeated exposure to sodium hypochlorite, however, resulted in an increase in susceptibility to this compound. This study provides essential information about the transfer of bacteria when wiping surfaces and highlights the need for a hygiene procedure with cleaning cloths that sufficiently avoids cross-contamination in the household environment.
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Zhou, Hao, T. W. Wu, and D. W. Herrin. "Acoustic measurement of super-small-particle-filtering stainless steel wire cloths." Noise Control Engineering Journal 72, no. 5 (2024): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/377231.
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The super-small-particle-filtering stainless steel (SSPFSS) wire cloth can serve as a front cover on resonators in mufflers, offering a broader noise reduction bandwidth compared to the resonators themselves. Like micro-perforated panels (MPPs), the SSPFSS wire cloth provides flexibility in resonator design and manufacturing. In this study, we conduct measurements of the transfer impedance of SSPFSS cloths and sound absorption coefficients of absorbers covered by SSPFSS cloths. For comparison purposes, we also calculate the sound absorption coefficient of foam and various absorbers covered by MPPs, traditional perforated panels, and fabric using referenced empirical equations.
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Zhou, Hao, T. W. Wu, and David W. Herrin. "Acoustic measurement of super-small-particle-filtering stainless steel wire cloths." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 269, no. 2 (2024): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0086.
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The super-small-particle-filtering stainless steel (SSPFSS) wire cloth can serve as a front cover on resonators in mufflers, offering a broader noise reduction bandwidth compared to the resonators themselves. Like micro perforated panels (MPP), the SSPFSS wire cloth provides flexibility in resonator design and manufacturing. In this study, we conduct measurements of the transfer impedance of SSPFSS cloths and sound absorption coefficients of absorbers covered by SSPFSS cloths. For comparison purposes, we also calculate the sound absorption coefficient of foam and various absorbers covered by MPP, traditional perforated panels, and fabric using referenced empirical equations.
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Antony, Sheedev, Monssef Drissi-Habti, and Venkadesh Raman. "Numerical Analysis to Enhance Delamination Strength around Bolt Holes of Unidirectional Pultruded Large Smart Composite Platform." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (June 27, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3154904.
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As a part of the DECID2 French National Project (2008–2012), construction of a large platform entirely made of smart composites was carried out and two demonstrators were installed. During a previous study, an ABAQUS model of smart composite platform was set up to perform numerical simulations that predict the mechanical behaviour of bolt-fastened platform under static three-point bending load, and a stress concentration is observed around the bolt holes. Unidirectional composites are subjected to delamination at very low stress, and this cannot be tolerated because most of the applications of pultruded structures are in civil engineering, which involves human safety. Therefore, it is essential to study the correlation of delamination onset and find a technology to enhance delamination strength. In this study, a numerical analysis was carried out to enhance the delamination strength around the bolt holes. Bidirectional fiberglass cloths were wrapped around unidirectional pultruded beams to reinforce the structure and to prevent delamination. Due to the high cost of these cloths, a study was also carried out to select an appropriate cloth material by taking into account two aspects: density and number of layers of cloths. The selected cloth was compared with conventional continuous fibreglass mat, and it was found that bidirectional fibreglass cloth material performs well in preventing delamination, even though it is expensive.
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Bartz, Sabrina, Ana Carolina Ritter, and Eduardo Cesar Tondo. "Evaluation of bacterial multiplication in cleaning cloths containing different quantities of organic matter." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 09 (2010): 566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.689.
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Introduction: To determine a proper length of time for cleaning cloth usage, the present work aimed to evaluate bacterial multiplication in artificially contaminated cleaning cloths containing different amounts of organic matter. Methodology: Cloths containing 1%, 5%, and 10% of bovine albumin were contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis 3091/05, Escherichia coli ATCC 25972, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Shigella sonnei CC07. They were incubated for different time periods at 30°C. Microbial multiplication was evaluated by bacterial counts and the ATP bioluminescence increase was monitored at sampling points. An ampicillin-resistant recombinant HSα E. coli strain was used as a pathogen surrogate to investigate the potential of microbial cloth dispersion. Results: None of the strains showed expressive growth up to two hours of incubation. At three hours, the microorganisms demonstrated a slight increase, with E. coli ATCC 25972 showing a significant increase in cells (p < 0.05). The ATP bioluminescence did not increase during the incubation period and confirmed the microbial count results, demonstrating that the amounts of organic matter tested did not interfere with bacterial multiplication during the first three to four hours of incubation. The dispersion experiment indicated that a cleaning cloth contaminated with 104 CFU/cm2 was able to spread 102 CFU/cm2 of recombinant E. coli onto a stainless steel surface. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that an appropriate period of time for using disinfected cleaning cloths is around two hours, not exceeding three hours of usage.
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Liu, Yu-Cheng, Suryappa Jayappa Pawar, and Jin-Huang Huang. "Inverse Determination of Acoustic Properties of Acoustic Ventilation Cloth (Woven and Non-Woven) by Particle Swarm Optimization and Estimation of Its Effect on the Frequency Response of the Microspeaker." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (2022): 8588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178588.
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In this work, microspeaker frequency response was determined based on measurement and simulation. The vents after the rear chamber of the microspeaker were covered with ventilation cloths. Two types of ventilation cloths (acoustic cloths) are commonly used in electroacoustic products, non-woven and woven. Non-woven cloths (5 nos.) consist of irregular meshes and woven cloths (5 nos.) consist of regular meshes. The equivalent circuit model of the microspeaker was formulated by considering five types each of non-woven and woven ventilation cloths. The acoustic properties of the ventilation cloths were estimated from the measured frequency response of the microspeaker and by subsequent use of particle swarm optimization algorithm. Estimated value of the acoustic impedances of the ventilation cloths were used in an equivalent circuit model of the microspeaker for the simulated frequency responses and subsequently compared with the anechoic chamber measurements. Based on the results, the equivalent circuit adequately simulated the measured frequency response of the microspeaker and the estimations of the acoustic impedances of the ventilation cloths were in good agreement with the measured frequency responses of the microspeaker.
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Zhang, H. W., M. Wang, X. W. Zhang, and X. Guo. "An improved mathematical programming method for wrinkling prediction of cloths." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (2005): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220510577934.
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PurposeAn improved mathematical programming method for numerical simulation of cloth wrinkling is investigated.Design/methodology/approachCloth is modeled as the network of bars (called bar network) or membrane elements with a special nonlinear mechanical constitutive law in the finite element analysis.FindingsCompared with conventional numerical methods, the proposed method does not depend on stress iteration, but on the base exchanges in the solution of a standard quadratic programming problem. Thus, the new method presents very good convergence behavior and accurate predictions of wrinkling patterns and stress distributions of cloths. Numerical results demonstrate the validity and the efficiency of the proposed method.Originality/valueFrom the engineering point of view, accurate numerical methods are required in wrinkling analysis of cloth deformation. The algorithm developed here also can be applied into fields such as large deformation under wind load and dynamic behaviors of cloths.
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Naa, Korkor Leeyoo Watson-Nortey, and AhimaBaffoe Gloria. "'Tell me what I mean, before I speak': A rhetoric and cultural analysis of some Ghanaian Wax Prints used by the President of Ghana during the delivery of COVID-19 Updates in Ghana." International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 4, no. 3 (2022): 147–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6668439.
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The paper examines and analyses some of the clothes worn by the President of Ghana during the delivery of COVID-19 Updates to the citizenry of Ghana. The aim of this paper is to discover the communicative function of the clothes worn by the President of Ghana during his delivery of COVID-19 Updates symbolically adds value to his speech with regards to the state of the Pandemic in Ghana. Using Textual Analysis, focus group discussions and interviews, the study provides a deeper examination of the various meanings of the cloths worn by the president during various COVID-19 national speeches. The research concludes that, the cloths worn by President of Ghana, during the delivery of speech to update citizens on measures taken against the spread of the Corona Virus in Ghana, performed additional communicative function through cultural understandings and nonverbal cues to appeal to the reasoning of the citizens.
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Whitman, Timothy J., Rachel K. Herlihy, Carey D. Schlett, et al. "Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Cloths to Prevent Skin and Soft-Tissue Infection in Marine Recruits: A Cluster-Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Effectiveness Trial." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 12 (2010): 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657136.
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Background.Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causes skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI) in military recruits.Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness of 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated cloths in reducing rates of SSTI and S. aureus colonization among military recruits.Design.A cluster-randomized (by platoon), double-blind, controlled effectiveness trial.Setting.Marine Officer Candidate School, Quantico, Virginia, 2007.Participants.Military recruits.Intervention.Application of CHG-impregnated or control (Comfort Bath; Sage) cloths applied over entire body thrice weekly.Measurements.Recruits were monitored daily for SSTI. Baseline and serial nasal and/or axillary swabs were collected to assess S. aureus colonization.Results.Of 1,562 subjects enrolled, 781 (from 23 platoons) underwent CHG-impregnated cloth application and 781 (from 21 platoons) underwent control cloth application. The rate of compliance (defined as application of 50% or more of wipes) at 2 weeks was similar (CHG group, 63%; control group, 67%) and decreased over the 6-week period. The mean 6-week SSTI rate in the CHG-impregnated cloth group was 0.094, compared with 0.071 in the control group (analysis of variance model rate difference, 0.025 ± 0.016; P = .14). At baseline, 43% of subjects were colonized with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), and 2.1% were colonized with MRSA. The mean incidence of colonization with MSSA was 50% and 61% (P = .026) and with MRSA was 2.6% and 6.0% (P = .034) for the CHG-impregnated and control cloth groups, respectively.Conclusions.CHG-impregnated cloths applied thrice weekly did not reduce rates of SSTI among recruits. S. aureus colonization rates increased in both groups but to a lesser extent in those assigned to the CHG-impregnated cloth Intervention. Antecedent S. aureus colonization was not a risk factor for SSTI. Additional studies are needed to identify effective measures for preventing SSTI among military recruits.Clinical Trials Registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00475930.
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I Pathan, Firozkhan, and Porapur S M. "IMPACT OF BRANDING ON RURAL EDUCATED YOUTH CHOICE OF CLOTHING BUYING BEHAVIOUR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BELAGAVI SUB DISTRICT RAMDURG IN KARNATAKA - INDIA." ICTACT Journal on Management Studies 8, no. 1 (2022): 1539–44. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijms.2022.0224.
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This paper investigates the relationship among components which impact consumer’s buying behaviour for garments/Clothing products in Ramdurg Rural area. To do so questionnaire was distributed to respondents who living in Ramdurg location and are regular garment buyers. The researcher chosen 60 respondents from the study are three villages are chosen namely Turnur, Rankaloppa and Halgatti from each village 20 respondent were randomly selected. The collected data analyzed with correlation, Regression and descriptive statistics have been used to present the data set and also adopted statistical tools. Correlation model used with relation to objective one and regression model used to test the hypothesis of the study and with relationship to remaining objectives, to test this SPSS were used. Youth buy branded clothes in a years 1 to 2 times rural and branded cloths they buy 23.3% where as 58% of the respondents buy 3 to 4 times, 51.7% youth prefer to buy branded cloths with their friends, 48.3% are buying brands clothes in their local stores, 23.3% respondents say branded clothes are value for money and 45% says branded clothes are symbol status. There is a significant relationship between quality and impact on rural educated youth choice of clothing buying behaviour and advertisements and price does not have impact.
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Poulin, Jennifer, Chris Paulocik, and Margaret-Ashley Veall. "Found in the Folds: A Rediscovery of Ancient Egyptian Pleated Textiles and the Analysis of Carbohydrate Coatings." Molecules 27, no. 13 (2022): 4103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134103.
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Charles T. Currelly, first director of the Royal Ontario Museum, participated in excavations of the tomb of King Nebhepetre, now known as Mentuhotep II, (Dynasty XI) in Deir el-Bahri, Egypt in 1906. He brought to Canada many objects from the excavations, and objects that he purchased while in Egypt; these formed the initial collection of the museum. Among the objects were seven fragments of fine linen cloth with intricate pleat patterns. Recently, the cloths became the subject of a study to learn how they had retained their pleats for 4000 years. Samples were examined and analysed using polarised light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersive X-ray spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three of the cloths were likely fragments of clothing re-purposed as bandages and were found to be saturated in mummification balms composed of Pinaceae resin, Pistacia resin, and an essential oil characterised by a high abundance of cedrol, possibly originating from a juniper species. All seven of the cloths were found to have traces of polysaccharides from two probable sources: an arabinogalactan gum such as gum arabic or a fruit gum, and a polyglucoside, possibly starch.
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Alupias, Erlinda B., Betty T. Gayao, Dalen T. Meldoz, and Jaila S. Sagpa-ey. "Kinds, Uses, and Implications of Woven Ethnic Materials of The Benguet People." Mountain Journal of Science and Interdisciplinary Research (formerly Benguet State University Research Journal) 64, no. 1 (2020): 36–54. https://doi.org/10.70884/mjsir.v64i1.216.
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Ethnic clothes and blankets are important elements of the Cordilleran culture. Benguet tribes of the Northern Philippines have a high regard for the woven ethnic costumes and blankets, as an identity of their culture. This study aimed to document the historical background of the woven ethnic materials in Benguet Province, Philippines; the different kinds, uses and implications of these ethnic woven cloths; and the potentials of improving them. The different woven ethnic materials of the Benguet tribes are blankets and the clothes worn by 1nen and \Vornen. There are two 1najor tribes of Benguet that were considered in this study, the Kankana-eys and Ibalois. These two tribes have the san1e attires and clothes but differ in the local tenn. Major blankets are the pinagpagan, dilli/shendi, kuabawlsarong, bayaonglkoieba>t\ and bandala!safey. The aiahdang, which used to be the blanket for the very rich, is seldon1 used. Other blankets like n1anta and adefus are the co1nn1on ones. The ,nabli was used in the later years, mostly by the Kalanguyas, another Benguet tribe. The different kinds of blankets implies the social status of the user. The social status can be inherited or acquired and have sub-levels that are determined by the number of eyes/eyelets embedded in the designs of the blankets. The won1en's costume is a pair of tapis, which is composed of a wrap-around skirt and blouse (ka,nbal or sa,nbra). There are different kinds of color co1nbinations of the tapis, while the ordinary one is a co1nbination of the black and white. For the Kankana-ey tribes, aside frotn the cotnmon tapis, they also have another design called lamma. For the men, they wear G-string (kubalkuval). The Kankana-eys have different kinds of kuba: the baa, binoltong, pillac, pinangsas and sinulan1a11. The Ibaloi's kuval are the pinangsas/padasan and donas. The kind of clothing worn by the 1nen and women must also correspond with the blanket used, which implies the social status of the user. Originally, these clothings were used for casual wears by their ancestors. At the time of the study, they are used during special occasions, rituals, and festivals. Benguet cloth is generally composed of red, black and white colors. The figures embedded in the pinagpagan blankets are X or the shield, man, snake and the eye-like design. Generally, the kind of cloth that they use especially for ritual offerings is inherited, meaning they follow what was used by their ancestors during their time. The exact meanings or implications of the designs and patterns of the ethnic cloths are not fully understood by the Benguet elde1~ interviewed. Their perception is that if the cloths have better quality and havemore complicated design, and with brighter colors, it is more expensive. This implies wealth and/or prestige for those who were able to buy and use it in the early days. To sustain the cultural identity, there is a great potential in itnproving the ethnic woven materials to cope with the new trends of lifestyle/fashion. It is good to note that the uses of the native blankets and attires transcend from merely for ceremonial but also into other purposes. At present, gowns out of native cloth, decorations, and modified attires are out in the market. Different products like poncho/vest, dress, gowns, table 1unners, and clothes patterned from the original designs and motif of native attires are available in the markets.
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CASTILLO, A., A. VILLARRUEL-LÓPEZ, V. NAVARRO-HIDALGO, N. E. MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ, and M. R. TORRES-VITELA. "Salmonella and Shigella in Freshly Squeezed Orange Juice, Fresh Oranges, and Wiping Cloths Collected from Public Markets and Street Booths in Guadalajara, Mexico: Incidence and Comparison of Analytical Routes." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 11 (2006): 2595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.11.2595.
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A survey of the presence of Salmonella and Shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice and related samples was conducted in Guadalajara, Mexico. One hundred samples of freshly squeezed orange juice were collected from 49 street booths and 51 small food service establishments. In addition, 75 fresh orange samples, each consisting of five orange units, and 75 wiping cloths were collected from the same establishments from which juice had been collected. Salmonella was isolated from 14, 20, and 23% of samples of orange juice, orange surfaces, and wiping cloths collected from street vendors, while Shigella was isolated from 6, 17, and 5% of these samples. In general, the frequency of isolation of these pathogens in samples from juice serving establishments at public markets was significantly lower than that found among street vendors (P &lt; 0.05). Salmonella enterica serotypes Agona, Typhimurium, and Anatum were found in orange juice, fresh oranges, and wiping cloth samples, while serotype Mexico was found on fresh oranges and in wiping cloths and serotypes Muenchen and Panama were found only in wiping cloth samples. Regarding Shigella species, Shigella sonnei was found in all three types of sample tested; Shigella dysenteriae was found in juice and orange samples, Shigella boydii in orange and wiping cloth samples, and Shigella flexneri on oranges only. Thirty-one percent and 39% of the juice samples showed aerobic plate counts of ≥5.0 log CFU/ml and Escherichia coli counts of &gt;3.0 log CFU/ml, respectively. These high counts may indicate poor sanitation and potential exposure to fecal contamination either in the raw materials or during the orange-crushing and juice-serving process. These data may be useful for a further risk assessment of Salmonella or Shigella in unpasteurized, freshly squeezed juice.
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Lee, Eunjung, Mariya Kovryga Kornick, Lisa Wilhelm, et al. "1241. Marked Improvement in Post-Operative Craniotomy Wound Care Using 2% Chlorhexidine (CHG) Cloths for Blood Clots Removal and Hair Cleaning in a Photo-Documentation Survey." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1104.
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Abstract Background Post-operative wound care can be an important strategy to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) following craniotomy. Insufficient wound care, blood clots, and oily hair near the incision can increase SSI risk. Methods We conducted a pre-post prospective cohort evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to address inpatient post-operative craniotomy wounds at an academic hospital. A post-op wound care protocol was jointly developed by neurosurgical wound care nurses, clinicians, and infection preventionists. The protocol began on postoperative day 1, and included use of soft ties to keep adjacent hair away from the incision, use of 2% CHG cloths to clean skin and hair within 2 inches of the incision as well as the proximal 6 inches of any surgical drain, and use of 2% CHG cloths to remove blood clots. Selection of 2% CHG cloths for blood clot removal was made following comparison to several concentrations of peroxide. A twice-weekly photo-survey of all inpatients undergoing craniotomy was undertaken during the baseline period (October–December 2018) and intervention period (March–April 2019), with feedback to wound care nurses occurring during the intervention period only. The proportion of redness, extensive blood clots (>50% incision), and oily hair near the incision were compared between the baseline period and the intervention period using Fisher’s exact tests. Results A total of 156 photo assessments were performed in 71 patients (101 assessments in 45 patients in the baseline period, and 55 photo assessments in 26 patients in the intervention period). Demographics, body mass index, emergent status, and prior craniotomy were similar across the baseline and intervention periods. The intervention was associated with significant reductions in redness (27.7% vs. 11%, P = 0.015), blood clots (33.7% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.002), and oily hair near the incision (76.7% vs. 28.6%, P < 0.001) (Figure 1). Conclusion The care of post-operative craniotomy wounds and adjacent hair was significantly improved through a standardized protocol to remove blood clots and ensure clean skin and hair adjacent to the incision during the post-operative inpatient stay. Photo documentation and feedback to wound care nurses helped ensure protocol adherence. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Fee, Sarah. "Mid-Nineteenth Century Weavings from Imerina, Madagascar: A Missionary’s Collection in Dialogue with Contemporaneous Malagasy Texts." Textile Museum Journal 48, no. 1 (2021): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tmj.2021.a932834.
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Abstract: Numerous texts in many languages from medieval times praise the beautiful handwoven cloth of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, very few pieces dating before 1870 survive in the subcontinent or in international museums. This is the case for the island nation of Madagascar, eastern Africa’s most active weaving center. Of great interest, therefore, are eleven textiles obtained by the British missionary William Ellis during his various visits to Madagascar from 1853 to 1865, which are today housed at the Royal Ontario Museum. This research note aims to put in dialogue the cloths acquired by Ellis with his writings and early photographs of the island, as well as important contemporaneous descriptions by Malagasy authors. Combining these sources reveals the cloths’ wider historical significance, local aesthetics, and techniques of manufacture. Some represent unique surviving examples of luxury types mentioned in historic literature, while others were hitherto known only from black-and-white images.
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Gbarage, Burabari M., Richard P. Uzakah, Judith A. C. Nwanze, and Usman Zakka. "INTERACTION OF NUTRIENT COMPOSITION, TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF BEAN SEEDS TO BRUCHID INFESTATION." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 4 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2332.
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Baseline information for determining the role of nutrient composition, temperature and moisture content on the biological activities of bean weevils in storage was determined. The study was conducted using different temperature sources of black or white muslin clothing two moisture levels of 12±1% and 15±1% and a solarization periods of 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours. Disinfested cowpea seeds were infested with 4 pairs of pristine adult C. maculatus in each treatment combination and allowed to mate and oviposit. C. maculatus had no egg laid 24 hours, at 48 hours significantly high eggs were laid on cowpea seeds covered with white muslin cloths and exposed to 48 hours solarization. Percentage mortality on cowpea seeds covered with black and white muslin cloths and exposed to different hours of solarization showed that 100% mortality in cowpea seeds covered with black muslin cloth and exposed to 72 and 92 hours solarization. There was significant decrease in egg mortality in the control experiment. Solarization and use of black muslin cloth polypropylene sheet may serve as grain protectant when utilized effectively in suppressing bionomics of C. maculatus on cowpea seeds during storage.
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Olalekan Salau, Ayodeji, and Haymanot Takele. "Towards the Optimal Performance of Washing Machines Using Fuzzy Logic." Scientific Programming 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8061063.
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Washing machines (WMs) are common household appliances that help to save time and effort used in brushing and washing clothes. It is a common practice to use manually operated WMs, and based on their uses, WMs are classified into top and front open cloth washing machines, which operate based on an automatic control mechanism. In this paper, we present the design and simulation of an Arduino fuzzy logic-based WM control system, with an emphasis on improvement in its operating algorithm. Simulations were performed to determine the optimal time the WM takes to wash clothes, the maximum number of clothes the WM can wash per time, the acceptable dirtiness level of cloths, and the type of clothes that the machine can wash. The number of clothes to be washed, the degree of dirtiness, and the type of clothes govern the fuzzy logic control process adopted by the WM. The output voltage of the WM varies as the degree of dirtiness of the water varies from 0 to 1.95 V for very dirty water output from washed clothes and varies from 4 to 4.89 V for low-contaminated water. Another constraint considered was the load current, which increased as the number of clothes increased. The WM’s operation time is determined by the amount of voltage and load current used during its operation. As a result, the control of the WM is dependent on the dirtiness level of the clothes and the amount of load.
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Patel, J., C. Tyers, and P. Sandhu. "Refer with CLOTHS." British Dental Journal 228, no. 3 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1249-8.
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Mohamed, Siti, Md Hossain, Mohamad Mohamad Kassim, et al. "Recycling Waste Cotton Cloths for the Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Sustainable Approach." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040626.
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There is an interest in the sustainable utilization of waste cotton cloths because of their enormous volume of generation and high cellulose content. Waste cotton cloths generated are disposed of in a landfill, which causes environmental pollution and leads to the waste of useful resources. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from waste cotton cloths collected from a landfill. The waste cotton cloths collected from the landfill were sterilized and cleaned using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) technology. The cellulose was extracted from scCO2-treated waste cotton cloths using alkaline pulping and bleaching processes. Subsequently, the CNCs were isolated using the H2SO4 hydrolysis of cellulose. The isolated CNCs were analyzed to determine the morphological, chemical, thermal, and physical properties with various analytical methods, including attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the isolated CNCs had a needle-like structure with a length and diameter of 10–30 and 2–6 nm, respectively, and an aspect ratio of 5–15, respectively. Additionally, the isolated CNCs had a high crystallinity index with a good thermal stability. The findings of the present study revealed the potential of recycling waste cotton cloths to produce a value-added product.
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Cukierman, Ana Lea. "Development and Environmental Applications of Activated Carbon Cloths." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2013 (March 14, 2013): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/261523.
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Activated carbon cloths have received growing attention because they offer comparative advantages over the traditional powdered or granular forms of this well-known adsorbent, providing further potential uses for technological innovations in several fields. The present article provides an overview of research studies and advances concerned with the development of activated carbon cloths and their use as adsorbent in environmental applications, mostly reported in the last years. The influence of some fabrics and textile wastes used as precursors, and of main activation process variables on the development and physicochemical, mechanical and/or electrical properties of the resulting activated carbon cloths are first reviewed. Then, investigations dealing with the removal of water and air pollutants by adsorption onto activated carbon cloths, including advances toward optimizing their regeneration after organic vapors saturation, are presented.
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David, Michael Z., Jane D. Siegel, Janet Henderson, et al. "A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Chlorhexidine-Soaked Cloths to Reduce Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusCarriage Prevalence in an Urban Jail." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, no. 12 (2014): 1466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/678606.
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Objective.To assess an intervention to limit community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) dissemination.Design.Randomized, controlled trial.Setting.County Jail, Dallas, Texas.Participants.A total of 4,196 detainees in 68 detention tanks.Methods.Tanks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: in group 1, detainees received cloths that contained chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) to clean their entire skin surface 3 times per week for 6 months; group 2 received identical cloths containing only water; and group 3 received no skin treatment. During the study, all newly arrived detainees were invited to enroll. Nares and hand cultures were obtained at baseline and from all current enrollees at 2 and 6 months.Results.At baseline,S. aureuswas isolated from 41.2% and MRSA from 8.0% (nares and/or hand) of 947 enrollees. The average participation rate was 47%. At 6 months, MRSA carriage was 10.0% in group 3 and 8.7% in group 1 tanks (estimated absolute risk reduction [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.4% [−4.8% to 7.1%];P= .655). At 6 months, carriage of anyS. aureuswas 51.1% in group 3, 40.7% in group 1 (absolute risk reduction [95% CI], 10.4% [0.01%–20.1%];P= .047), and 42.8% (absolute risk reduction [95% CI], 8.3% [−1.4% to 18.0%];P= .099) in group 2.Conclusions.Skin cleaning with CHG for 6 months in detainees, compared with no intervention, significantly decreased carriage ofS. aureus, and use of water cloths produced a nonsignificant but similar decrease. A nonsignificant decrease in MRSA carriage was found with CHG cloth use.Trial registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00785200.
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Yuwana, Yuwana, Wuri Marsigit, and Lukman Hidayat. "Pengenalan Alat Pengering Energi Surya Serbaguna Untuk Pengeringan Pakaian dan Herbal di Madrasah Aliyah Mambaul ‘Ulum Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah." Dharma Raflesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pengembangan dan Penerapan IPTEKS 20, no. 2 (2022): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/dr.v20i2.21565.
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The difficulty faced by the target group of Madrasah Aliyah Mambaul Ulum in drying clothes, and herbs needed to be solved. This community service activity aimed to adopt a multi-purpose solar dryer to solve this problem. The activities consisted of counseling, manufacturing, and testing the dryer, demonstration of the clothes and herb dryings, herb packaging and utilization, and assistance on the use of dryer by the target group to dry cloths and herbs independently. The counseling activities were delivered by the community service team (students and lecturers) to the target group consisting of a class of selected students along with the Madrasah Principal and 3 teachers. The manufacture and operation testing were carried out by a mechanic and students under the supervision of lecturers. The demonstration of drying was carried out by students and the target group. The dryer was then operated to dry cloth by the target group. Packaging and serving of dried herbs were practiced by students and the target group. Assistance in the utilization of the dryer to dry clothes and herbs independently was carried out by students under the supervision of the lecturers. All the community service activities were completed. It is suggested that the introduced appropriate technology may be adapted to wider target groups.
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Punia, I. Nengah, Gusti Ngurah Marta Sagita Putra, Ni Putu Elena Zatmika Loka, and Ni Made Gita Cahyarani. "Social And Cultural Identity Of Traditional Gringsing And Bantenan Weaving Cloth." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 29, no. 11 (2024): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2911045565.
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The research conducted by Merdeka and Merdeka Belajar Campus (MBKM) focuses on the socio-cultural identity of Gringsing of Bali and Bantenan of Minahasa traditional woven cloth. The unique patterns, motifs, and identities of these traditional woven cloths within Balinese and Minahasa cultures are explored. The research aims to identify and describe these fabrics' social and cultural identity through an explanatory, descriptive, qualitative approach. Drawing on the sociological theory of fashion and clothing by Diana Crane and Laura Bovone, the research seeks to highlight the distinctive styles and motifs of Gringsing and Bantenan woven fabrics. Additionally, the study aims to uncover the evolving philosophical significance of Gringsing and Bantenan woven cloth. These fabrics have transitioned from solely used in traditional and religious activities to now being incorporated into everyday attire, including office uniforms and other social engagements. Gringsing and Bantenan woven fabrics showcase a variety of motifs, colors, and patterns, such as flora and fauna designs. The use of these traditional woven cloths from Gringsing and Bantenan serves as a means to express individual and collective social and regional identities. Moreover, given their significant domestic and international demand, these fabrics can serve as communication tools in cultural exchanges, thereby embodying the social identity of the Indonesia]
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Baulo, A. V. "SUBSTITUTE OFFERING: AN OB UGRIAN RITUAL TRADITION SURVIVING IN THE 20TH AND EARLY 21ST CENTURY." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46, no. 3 (2018): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.3.122-128.
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The substitute offering is a little known ritual practice described by Artturi Kannisto among the northern Khanty and Mansi in the early 1900s, and by the Novosibirsk ethnographers in 1985–2017. Substitution was practiced in case of the offeror’s illness, absence of a requisite domestic animal or unsuccessful hunt. In such cases, instead of actual animals, their effi gies were offered to the patron spirits—fi gurines of horses, reindeer, cows, sheep, and cocks cut from birch-bark or cast of lead; alternatively, purchased toys were offered. A substitute could be a pencil drawing or an embroidered fi gure of a horse on cloth. The specifi c substitute was normally prescribed by a shaman; it had to be made only by someone unrelated to and older than the supposed offeror. The effi gy and the prayer to the deity, accompanying the offering, are described. Animal effi gies were kept in sacral trunks, attached to the clothes of patron spirits, tied into the corners of head cloths and ribbons of covers to be offered. The combined version of the substitute offering includes hitherto unknown representations of a head cloth, a coat or robe, cut from birch-bark.
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Sakthivel, T. G., S. Senthil Kumar, and T. V. Arjunan. "The Effect of Cotton Cloths on the Performance of the Solar still." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.182.
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In this study the conventional still is modified with cotton cloth at the inner wall surfaces to improve the performance of the still. The main purpose of this experimental study is to make use of the heat available on the inner wall surfaces of a basin by using cotton cloths. Two single-slope solar stills with the same area of 1mx0.5m are fabricated and tested. The hourly amount of extracted distilled water, the various temperatures and the insolation were observed for one month period (April 2014). The results were performed by comparing with conventional solar still and cotton cloth still. The experimental results clearly shows that, by reducing transfer of heat from inner surfaces to the outer surfaces with the help of cotton cloth the modified still gives yield about 13.3% higher than the conventional still.
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Droske, Lauren, Parul Patel, Donna Schora, et al. "Quality Initiative to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Using Cleansing Cloths With a Standardized Method." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1209.
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Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for >15% of hospital-acquired infections, resulting in increased length of stay and costs. Consequently, methods to improve indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) care and maintenance are warranted to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired CAUTIs. This study was a prospective quality improvement (QI) project to reduce CAUTIs using prepackaged cloths (ReadyCleanse by Medline Industries) and a simple, standardized cleaning process for care and maintenance of IUCs. Methods: This study is an ongoing QI project at NorthShore University HealthSystem, a 4-hospital system located north of Chicago, Illinois, with 750 beds and ∼64,000 annual admissions. The study consists of a 1.5-month staff training on proper product use (phase 1), followed by an intervention using the cloths for IUC care (phase 2). Each package contains 5 individual cloths corresponding to a simple, 5-step, cleansing protocol. IUC care and maintenance are performed twice daily on a routine basis and after each incontinent episode. Beginning July 2018, current practice (soap and wash cloth) was replaced with the ReadyCleanse cloths, and on August 1, 2018, data collection began. Adult patients admitted at all 4 NorthShore Hospitals with an IUC for >24 hours are enrolled in the study. From patient electronic health records, we collected patient demographics, reason for IUC insertion, days of catheter use, and development of CAUTI (according to the NHSN definition). During the intervention, observations of compliance and performance of catheter care were also performed. For the analysis described here, results for the first 14 months of the study were compared to CAUTI numbers from the 14-month period prior to the start of the study (February 2017–March 2018); the data presented represent ∼50% of the planned data collection. Results: As of September 30, 2019, 4,969 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study: 1,491 patients from hospital A, 1,451 from hospital B, 1,091 from hospital C, and 936 from hospital D. Patient demographics for the study cohort were 47% female, with a median age of 77 years and an average of 3.9 catheter days per patient. Systemwide, observational audits for compliance using the cloths averaged 95%. Upon completion of study month 14, 22 CAUTIs had been identified, compared to 26 CAUTIs for the comparison period, indicating a 15% reduction. Conclusion: Implementation of this simple, standardized alternative for IUC care is feasible on a large scale and may have potential for reducing CAUTI rates.Funding: Medline Industries supported this study.Disclosures: None
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Nabiev, Ayder, Gerasim Tsoy, and Gayrat Bahadirov. "DEVICE FOR DETERMINING PERMEABILITY OF TANNING LIQUID." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 15, no. 3 (2023): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.3.8.
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An important problem in the field of improving and developing equipment for determining the filtration properties of porous materials (in the example of skin products) is solved in the article. The importance of this study lies in the experimental determination of the permeability coefficient of the porous material. The filtration capacity of the hide samples and the coatings of the working rolls made of LASCH and BM cloths was experimentally determined in the article under industrial conditions. The results of the study of the filtration capacity of the skin product samples in the areas under consideration will make it possible to fulfill the requirements for the high-quality processing of skin materials. It was determined that the highest value of the filtration coefficient was observed in the "belly" section of the hide, the smallest value - in the "shoulder" section, and the average value - in the "butt" section, which is explained by the density of the structure of collagen fibers and pores; as the "belly" has a looser structure, the "shoulder" – the densest, and the "butt "is between them. The highest value of the filtration coefficient is observed with the LASCH cloths, and the smallest – with the BM cloth, which depends on the density of the structure of the considered cloth and the size of their pores. The LASCH cloth is made of polymer threads, while the BM cloth consists mainly of natural wool fibers and, to a lesser extent, of synthetic threads. A critical analysis of the results of an experimental study showed that the filtration capacity of a skin product decreases with an increase in the pressure of the tanning liquid.
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Aono, Masaharu, and Shigeyoshi Watanabe. "ransmissivity of the cloths." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 77, Appendix (1993): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.77.appendix_184.
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Matatov-Meytal, Yu, and M. Sheintuch. "Catalytic fibers and cloths." Applied Catalysis A: General 231, no. 1-2 (2002): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00963-2.
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Rhee, Yoona, Louisa J. Palmer, Koh Okamoto, et al. "Differential Effects of Chlorhexidine Skin Cleansing Methods on Residual Chlorhexidine Skin Concentrations and Bacterial Recovery." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 4 (2018): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.312.
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BACKGROUNDBathing intensive care unit (ICU) patients with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)–impregnated cloths decreases the risk of healthcare-associated bacteremia and multidrug-resistant organism transmission. Hospitals employ different methods of CHG bathing, and few studies have evaluated whether those methods yield comparable results.OBJECTIVETo determine whether 3 different CHG skin cleansing methods yield similar residual CHG concentrations and bacterial densities on skin.DESIGNProspective, randomized 2-center study with blinded assessment.PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGHealthcare personnel in surgical ICUs at 2 tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Chicago, Illinois, and Boston, Massachusetts, from July 2015 to January 2016.INTERVENTIONCleansing skin of one forearm with no-rinse 2% CHG-impregnated polyester cloth (method A) versus 4% CHG liquid cleansing with rinsing on the contralateral arm, applied with either non–antiseptic-impregnated cellulose/polyester cloth (method B) or cotton washcloth dampened with sterile water (method C).RESULTSIn total, 63 participants (126 forearms) received method A on 1 forearm (n=63). On the contralateral forearm, 33 participants received method B and 30 participants received method C. Immediately and 6 hours after cleansing, method A yielded the highest residual CHG concentrations (2500 µg/mL and 1250 µg/mL, respectively) and lowest bacterial densities compared to methods B or C (P<.001).CONCLUSIONIn healthy volunteers, cleansing with 2% CHG-impregnated cloths yielded higher residual CHG concentrations and lower bacterial densities than cleansing with 4% CHG liquid applied with either of 2 different cloth types and followed by rinsing. The relevance of these differences to clinical outcomes remains to be determined.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:405–411
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OLDLAND, JOHN. "The Clothiers’ Century, 1450–1550." Rural History 29, no. 1 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793317000188.
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Abstract:In the hundred years from 1450 to 1550, the great success enjoyed by the English woollen industry in continental markets was a result of clothiers organising the rural cloth industry in the West Country, Suffolk/Essex, the Kentish Weald and Newbury and its surrounds, to produce cloth that London merchants required. To do this they allocated extensive capital to cloth production: buying wools, sorting and dyeing them, organising their carding and spinning, putting the yarn out for weaving, and then in some cases owning the mills that fulled the cloth and finally shearing it in-house. The leading clothiers carried wool and cloth inventories, developed strong buying networks and offered merchants credit. Clothiers' control over production declined after 1550 as the government exercised greater control over cloth quality and clothiers' freedoms, and as price competition intensified from coarser cloths and new draperies.
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Rosemary, Sibi, and Haseen A. Jumana. "Preference for Branded Clothes Among College Going Girls." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 2, no. 1 (2022): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc2107.
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The study on “Preference for branded clothes among college-going girls” was taken up by the investigator with the aim to understand the preference for various branded clothes among college-going girls to analyze the purchasing behaviour and to find out the reason behind the usage of branded clothes. 100 adolescent girls of the age group 17-25 were given with a self-designed questionnaire to elicit information on the use of branded clothes, purchasing behavior, value, and quality of the branded clothes, reason behind using the branded clothes, factors, and sources influencing purchasing behavior of branded clothes. The survey results so obtained were consolidated and analyzed using percentage analysis. It was found that the preference for branded clothes among college-going girls is high and the study helps in understanding the reasons, sources, and factors for brand preference. The study helps in future reference. The study was thus successful in fulfilling its objectives. Key Words: Purchase, Behavior, Cloths, Branded
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Gerba, Charles P., and Denise Kennedy. "Enteric Virus Survival during Household Laundering and Impact of Disinfection with Sodium Hypochlorite." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 14 (2007): 4425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00688-07.
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ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine whether enteric viruses (adenovirus, rotavirus, and hepatitis A virus) added to cotton cloth swatches survive the wash cycle, the rinse cycle, and a 28-min permanent press drying cycle as commonly practiced in households in the United States. Detergent with and without bleach (sodium hypochlorite) was added to washing machines containing sterile and virus-inoculated 58-cm2 swatches, 3.2 kg of cotton T-shirts and underwear, and a soiled pillowcase designed to simulate the conditions (pH, organic load, etc.) encountered in soiled laundry. The most important factors for the reduction of virus in laundry were passage through the drying cycle and the addition of sodium hypochlorite. Washing with detergent alone was not found to be effective for the removal or inactivation of enteric viruses, as significant concentrations of virus were found on the swatches (reductions of 92 to 99%). It was also demonstrated that viruses are readily transferred from contaminated cloths to uncontaminated clothes. The use of sodium hypochlorite reduced the number of infectious viruses on the swatches after washing and drying by at least 99.99%. Laundering practices in common use in the United States do not eliminate enteric and respiratory viruses from clothes. The use of bleach can further reduce the numbers of enteric viruses in laundry.
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Ismurdyahwati, Ika, and Atiqoh . "Kajian Makna, Konsep, dan Teknologi Pembuatan Motif Batik Tradisional, Wilayah Barat, Provinsi Jawa Timur." Jurnal Budaya Nusantara 2, no. 2 (2019): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/b.nusantara.vol2.no2.a1967.
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This research looks for the basic pattern of meaning that traversesall the journey soft tribal history,through the &#39;old&#39; batik motif, which originates from the western part of the East Java province.Through these mythologies, the position of man will be reflected in his cosmology and try to surveyhis life, be safe and happy according to his position in thisworld order. Its in terestis to document themotives to make inspiration for the developmen to fart in the future, with out putting aside theconcept soft its predecessors and the technology it uses. His research method, using qualitativeresearch, by optimizing observation and observation. Another goal ist okey now the extent to whichthese motives develop. In connection with the government program on the creative economy, it ispossible to develop the forms of motifs and functions of batik cloth that are not only used as clothfor the lower part of clothing, and kebaya (women) or beskap (men) as superiors. The resultsobtained in its development were, batik cloth with sacred motifs, became profane because of thelack of understanding of the concep to motives in the younger generation. Then in itsdevelopment,the batik cloths not only became profane but became material forother things to use, such as;negligee, casualpants, vacationclothes, hotel sandals, to formal clothes for uniforms andcelebrations.
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Ismurdyahwati, Ika, and Atiqoh . "Kajian Makna, Konsep, dan Teknologi Pembuatan Motif Batik Tradisional, Wilayah Barat, Provinsi Jawa Timur." Jurnal Budaya Nusantara 2, no. 2 (2019): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/jbn.vol2.no2.1967.
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This research looks for the basic pattern of meaning that traversesall the journey soft tribal history,through the &#39;old&#39; batik motif, which originates from the western part of the East Java province.Through these mythologies, the position of man will be reflected in his cosmology and try to surveyhis life, be safe and happy according to his position in thisworld order. Its in terestis to document themotives to make inspiration for the developmen to fart in the future, with out putting aside theconcept soft its predecessors and the technology it uses. His research method, using qualitativeresearch, by optimizing observation and observation. Another goal ist okey now the extent to whichthese motives develop. In connection with the government program on the creative economy, it ispossible to develop the forms of motifs and functions of batik cloth that are not only used as clothfor the lower part of clothing, and kebaya (women) or beskap (men) as superiors. The resultsobtained in its development were, batik cloth with sacred motifs, became profane because of thelack of understanding of the concep to motives in the younger generation. Then in itsdevelopment,the batik cloths not only became profane but became material forother things to use, such as;negligee, casualpants, vacationclothes, hotel sandals, to formal clothes for uniforms andcelebrations.
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Sari, Ida Ayu Putu Widya Indah. "Endek to be an International Clothes of G20 Summit." Bali Tourism Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36675/btj.v6i1.71.
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Endek, as one of the Balinese woven cloths, has existed since the reign of King Dalem Waturenggong in Gelgel, Klungkung Regency. Since the 16th century, people in Bali have made their traditional cloth using hand-operated machine looms and other simple tools. The name Endek derives from gendekan or ngendek, which means silent or unchanged in color. Economic recovery efforts are a priority for the Province of Bali during the COVID-19 pandemic. Including increasing the value of Balinese cultural heritage, Endek woven fabrics. The government carries out massive promotions through various activities, exhibitions, to the promotion of Endek fabrics by international designer Christian Dior at Paris fashion week in 2020. In addition to having aesthetic value, Endek woven fabrics have high economic value for improving the welfare of weavers to SMEs. In the G20 Summit event in the province of Bali, the government proposed that state delegates attending the G20 Summit (KTT) wear clothes made from Endek or traditional Balinese woven fabrics. Later, the Balinese people would also get the opportunity to achieve a great economic benefit from the international event.
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Adamcová, Dana, Jakub Elbl, Jan Zloch, et al. "Study on the (bio)degradation Process of Bioplastic Materials under Industrial Composting Conditions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 3 (2017): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765030791.
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The objective of this study was to determine the biodegradability of bioplastic materials – sponge cloths – available on the European market. They are labeled as 100 % biodegradable but not certified as compostable. The test was carried out in real composting environment. The project duration was 12 weeks. The emphasis was put on discovering whether the sponge cloths are biodegradable or not. Based on the results, it can be concluded that sponge cloths have decomposed completely (sample C and sample D). Samples A have decomposed but exhibited slower degradation rate. Samples B exhibited the higher degradation rate. The main conclusion from this study is that biodegradation of bioplastics materials strongly depends on both, the environment where they are placed and the chemical nature of the material.
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Le Leuch, L. M., A. Subrenat, and P. Le Cloirec. "Removal of target odorous molecules on to activated carbon cloths." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (2004): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0260.
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Activated carbon materials are adsorbents whose physico-chemical properties are interesting for the treatment of odorous compounds like hydrogen sulfide. Indeed, their structural parameters (pore structure) and surface chemistry (presence of heteroatoms such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus) play an important role in H2S removal. The cloth texture of these adsorbents (activated carbon cloths) is particularly adapted for dealing with high flows, often found in the treatment of odor emissions. Thus, this paper first presents the influence of these parameters through adsorption isothermal curves performed on several materials. Secondly, tests in a dynamic system are described. They highlight the low critical thickness of the fabric compared to granular activated carbon.
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Zirpolo, Lilian. "(De)Constructing the Madonna’s Cloth of Honor." Explorations in Renaissance Culture 47, no. 2 (2021): 196–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-04702002.
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Abstract The present study centers on pieced textiles included in Marian paintings of the Proto-Renaissance era rendered in Tuscany. The complex geometric patterns of these cloths mimic those found in the Islamic textiles that were then being imported into Europe, consumed by the aristocracy, and later imitated by Italian cloth makers. On a basic level, their colors and patterning reference the virtues of the Virgin, her mission to bring about the Incarnation of Christ, her selflessness, virtuous character, and majesty. They also contribute to her humanization since these are material objects that belonged in the aristocratic domestic setting and which were familiar to the patrons who paid for the works. On a deeper level, they provide complex layers of meaning, some of which derive from Moorish iconography. They reference the perfection of God’s creation and the promise of an affable afterlife. They also evoke the remote lands where the lives of the Virgin and Christ unfolded. By inserting pieced cloths into Marian iconography, artists were following a long established tradition of utilizing the piecing technique in Early Medieval sacred practice, an issue that until now has not been recognized.
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Ubiparipović, Srboljub. "Beli rubac Presvete Bogorodice u oltarskim apsidama srpskih manastirskih hramova XIII–XIV stoleća: teološki i liturgiološki aspekti." Sabornost 17 (2023): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sabornost23.047u.
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taking into account that the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary is the holiest and greatest saint in the Christian Church, mosaic and fresco painting and veneration of the Most Holy Theotokos in the altar’s apses of the Orthodox Christian Churches, should be recognized as the very important element of mystagogical and liturgical Tradition. Among the many representations of the Blessed Virgin Mary, there is one which stresses her role as a Holy Table, Bearer of the Bread from heaven and Mother of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Furthermore, two relevant details are helping to be understood such a sacred reality — the venerable Belt and white handkerchief of Holy Virgin. This paper analyzes fresco representing of the Mary’s white handkerchief in the altar’s apses of the Serbian Monasteries churches (Studenica, Gračanica, Dečani) according to the theological and liturgiological context. Also, the author is constructing the hypothesis that white handkerchief could be connected, from one side, with the oldest white silk cloth — eileton spread on the Holy Table during the Divine Eucharist and, from another side, with swaddling cloths of Incarnated Jesus and Christ’s burial linen cloths.
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Namono, Catherine. "Pongo symbolism in the geometric rock art of Uganda." Antiquity 85, no. 330 (2011): 1209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062013.
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In this paper the author places the rock art of Uganda in context. It probably belongs to the Late Stone Age period to the Holocene and its symbolism may be interpreted in the light of later belief systems recorded amongst the historical Pygmy people. Pongo is the bark cloth used to make the distinctive loin cloths of men and aprons of women. Pongo are probably depicted in the rock art to evoke the fecundity of ndura, linking the real and supernatural within the Pygmy cosmos.
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BEDFORD, BINAIFER, GIRVIN LIGGANS, LAURIE WILLIAMS, and LAUREN JACKSON. "Allergen Removal and Transfer with Wiping and Cleaning Methods Used in Retail and Food Service Establishments." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 7 (2020): 1248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-025.
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ABSTRACT Preventing the transfer of allergens from one food to another via food contact surfaces in retail food environments is an important aspect of retail food safety. Existing recommendations for wiping and cleaning food contact surfaces is mainly focused on preventing microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, from contaminating foods. The effectiveness of these wiping and cleaning recommendations for preventing the transfer of food allergens in retail and food service establishments remains unclear. This project investigated (i) allergen removal from surfaces by wiping with paper wipes, terry cloth, and alcohol quaternary ammonium chloride (quat) sanitizing wipes; (ii) cleaning of allergen-contaminated surfaces by using a wash–rinse–sanitize–air dry procedure; and (iii) allergen transfer from contaminated wipes to multiple surfaces. Food contact surfaces (stainless steel, textured plastic, and maple wood) were contaminated with peanut-, milk- and egg-containing foods and subjected to various wiping and cleaning procedures. For transfer experiments, dry paper wipes or wet cloths contaminated with allergenic foods were wiped on four surfaces of the same composition. Allergen-specific lateral flow devices were used to detect the presence of allergen residues on wiped or cleaned surfaces. Although dry wipes and cloths were not effective for removing allergenic foods, terry cloth presoaked in water or sanitizer solution, use of multiple quat wipes, and the wash–rinse–sanitize–air dry procedure were effective in allergen removal from surfaces. Allergens present on dry wipes were transferred to wiped surfaces. In contrast, minimal or no allergen transfer to surfaces was found when allergen-contaminated terry cloth was submerged in sanitizer solution prior to wiping surfaces. The full cleaning method (wash–rinse–sanitize–air dry) and soaking the terry cloth in sanitizer solution prior to wiping were effective at allergen removal and minimizing allergen transfer. HIGHLIGHTS
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Werner, Roman Alejandro, Dominik Ulrich Geier, and Thomas Becker. "The Challenge of Cleaning Woven Filter Cloth in the Beverage Industry—Wash Jets as an Appropriate Solution." Food Engineering Reviews 12, no. 4 (2020): 520–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12393-020-09228-x.
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Abstract Beverage production requires many different and complex unit operations. One crucial procedural step is filtration. Typical filters are filter presses, candle filters, membrane filters, belt filters, and drum filters, which require considerable hygienic precaution and the application of appropriate cleaning concepts. In the last decades, the hygienic design has become a central design feature of equipment in the beverage and food industries. Today, also correspondent concepts regarding filter cloth increasingly come to the fore. However, filter cloth cleaning is rapidly facing limitations. Complex filter geometries originating from different gauzes and sensitive polymeric materials hinder efficient cleaning. Additionally, extensive biological residues adhering to the filter surface increase the challenge of cleaning. The goal of this paper is to outline the cleaning of woven filter cloths systematically with a particular focus on beverages and correspondent biophysical interactions between filter and residue. Based on these elemental cleaning limits of filter cloths, this paper focuses mainly on jet cleaning as one of the most appropriate cleaning methods. The flow-mechanical properties are discussed in detail since these are precisely the parameters that, on the one hand, describe the understanding of the cleaning process and, on the other hand, show how a wash jet can be adjusted precisely. In contrast to conventional cleaning techniques, such wash jets are expeditious to adapt and offer the best prerequisites to enable demand-oriented and optimized cleaning concepts. The latest research and approaches are enhancing jet efficiency and highlight their potentials for future process strategies.
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Boday, Dylan, Michael Haag, Joe Kuczynski, Markus Schmidt, Michael Wahl, and Johannes Windeln. "ToF-SIMS Analysis of Fiberglass Cloths for PCB Manufacturing." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (2011): 000286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tp3-paper2.
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Woven fiberglass cloths are by far the most common reinforcement material used in PCBs. The glass yarns are coated with silane-based coupling agents designed to improve the bond between the glass filaments and the resin matrix. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was utilized in order to garner a better understanding of the observed poor glass surface wetting and weak adhesion of the resin to the yarn. These are the major root causes for a number of PCB failure mechanisms such as delamination cracks, IR (insulation resistance) and CAF (conductive anodic filament) growth. ToF-SIMS revealed that the silane surface is far from being ideal. The results are used to derive recommendations for the glass cloth suppliers in order to improve the efficiency of their silanation process.
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Bailey, Rachel R., Dianna R. Stuckey, Bryan A. Norman, et al. "Economic Value of Dispensing Home-Based Preoperative Chlorhexidine Bathing Cloths to Prevent Surgical Site Infection." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 5 (2011): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/659763.
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Objective.To estimate the economic value of dispensing preoperative home-based Chlorhexidine bathing cloth kits to orthopedic patients to prevent surgical site infection (SSI).Methods.A stochastic decision-analytic computer simulation model was developed from the hospital’s perspective depicting the decision of whether to dispense the kits preoperatively to orthopedic patients. We varied patient age, cloth cost, SSI-attributable excess length of stay, cost per bed-day, patient compliance with the regimen, and cloth antimicrobial efficacy to determine which variables were the most significant drivers of the model’s outcomes.Results.When all other variables remained at baseline and cloth efficacy was at least 50%, patient compliance only had to be half of baseline (baseline mean, 15.3%; range, 8.23%–20.0%) for Chlorhexidine cloths to remain the dominant strategy (ie, less costly and providing better health outcomes). When cloth efficacy fell to 10%, 1.5 times the baseline bathing compliance also afforded dominance of the preoperative bath.Conclusions.The results of our study favor the routine distribution of bathing kits. Even with low patient compliance and cloth efficacy values, distribution of bathing kits is an economically beneficial strategy for the prevention of SSI.