Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cloud security policies compliance'

Cloud computing has grown largely over the past three years and is widely popular amongst today's IT landscape. In a comparative study between 250 IT decision makers of UK companies they said, that they already use cloud services for 61% of their systems. Cloud vendors promise "infinite scalability and resources" combined with on-demand access from everywhere. This lets cloud users quickly forget, that there is still a real IT infrastructure behind a cloud. Due to virtualization and multi-tenancy the complexity of these infrastructures is even increased compared to traditional data centers, while it is hidden from the user and outside of his control. This makes management of service provisioning, monitoring, backup, disaster recovery and especially security more complicated. Due to this, and a number of severe security incidents at commercial providers in recent years there is a growing lack of trust in cloud infrastructures. This thesis presents research on cloud security challenges and how they can be addressed by cloud security audits. Security requirements of an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud are identified and it is shown how they differ from traditional data centres. To address cloud specific security challenges, a new cloud audit criteria catalogue is developed. Subsequently, a novel cloud security audit system gets developed, which provides a flexible audit architecture for frequently changing cloud infrastructures. It is based on lightweight software agents, which monitor key events in a cloud and trigger specific targeted security audits on demand - on a customer and a cloud provider perspective. To enable these concurrent cloud audits, a Cloud Audit Policy Language is developed and integrated into the audit architecture. Furthermore, to address advanced cloud specific security challenges, an anomaly detection system based on machine learning technology is developed. By creating cloud usage profiles, a continuous evaluation of events - customer specific as well as customer overspanning - helps to detect anomalies within an IaaS cloud. The feasibility of the research is presented as a prototype and its functionality is presented in three demonstrations. Results prove, that the developed cloud audit architecture is able to mitigate cloud specific security challenges.

Security, especially security compliance, is a major concern that is slowing down the large scale adoption of cloud computing in the enterprise environment. Business requirements, governmental regulations and trust are among the reasons why the enterprises require certain levels of security compliance from cloud providers. So far, this security compliance or auditing information has been generated by security specialists manually. This process involves manual data collection and assessment which is slow and incurs a high cost. Thus, there is a need for an automated compliance tool to verify and express the compliance level of various cloud providers. Such a tool can reduce the human intervention and eventually reduce the cost and time by verifying the compliance automatically. Also, the tool will enable the cloud providers to share their security compliance information using a common framework. In turn, the common framework allows clients to compare various cloud providers based on their security needs. Having these goals in mind, we have developed an architecture to build an automated security compliance tool for a cloud computing platform. We have also outlined four possible approaches to achieve this automation. These possible four approaches refer to four design patterns to collect data from the cloud system and these are: API, vulnerability scanning, log analysis and manual entry. Finally, we have implemented a proof-of-concept prototype of this automated security compliance tool using the proposed architecture. This prototype implementation is integrated with OpenStack cloud platform, and the results are exposed to the users of the cloud following the CloudAudit API structure defined by Cloud Security Alliance.

Scania is currently in the process of migrating from an on-premise infrastructure to a cloud environment. In parallel, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will come into effect in 2018 and the combination of migrating infrastructure and a new regulation resulted in a need for guidance in how to progress. This thesis' goal is to establish guidelines for the Connected Services department on how to conduct development in a cloud environment whilst complying with GDPR. The finalized versions of these guidelines are the result of several interviews with experts in the field along with a proof of concept on how to secure an example application in a cloud environment.

Target Corporation experienced an information security breach resulting in compromising customers' financial information. Management is responsible for implementing adequate information security policies that protect corporate data and minimize financial losses. The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effect of a fear appeal communication on an individual's information security policy behavioral intention. The sample population involved information technology professionals randomly selected from the SurveyMonkey audience. A research model, developed using constructs from deterrence theory and protection motivation theory, became the structural model used for partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis of the survey response data, which indicated that self-efficacy was statistically significant. The remaining model variables, perceived threat vulnerability, perceived threat severity, response efficacy, informal sanction certainty, informal sanction severity, formal sanction certainty, and formal sanction severity, were not statistically significant. A statistically significant self-efficacy result could indicate confidence among the population to comply with information security policies. The nonsignificant results could indicate the fear appeal treatment did not motivate a change in behavior or information security policy awareness bias was introduced by selecting information technology professionals. Social change in information security could be achieved by developing an effective information security policy compliance fear appeal communication, which could change information security compliance behavior and contribute to securing the nation's critical cyber infrastructure and protecting data.

This research seeks to derive and examine a multidimensional definition of information security awareness, investigate its antecedents, and analyze its effects on compliance with organizational information security policies. The above research goals are tested through the theoretical lens of technology threat avoidance theory and protection motivation theory. Information security awareness is defined as a second-order construct composed of the elements of threat and coping appraisals supplemented by the responsibilities construct to account for organizational environment. The study is executed in two stages. First, the participants (employees of a municipality) are exposed to a series of phishing and spear-phishing messages to assess if there are any common characteristics shared by the phishing victims. The differences between the phished and the not phished group are assessed through multiple discriminant analysis. Second, the same individuals are asked to participate in a survey designed to examine their security awareness. The research model is tested using PLS-SEM approach. The results indicate that security awareness is in fact a second-order formative construct composed of six components. There are significant differences in security awareness levels between the victims of the phishing experiment and the employees who maintain compliance with security policies. The study extends the theory by proposing and validating a universal definition of security awareness. It provides practitioners with an instrument to examine awareness in a plethora of settings and design customized security training activities.

Many organizations have a problem with synchronizing individual values regarding information security with expectations set by the relevant security policy. Such discordance leads to failure in compliance or simply subversion of existing or imposed controls. The problem of the mismatch in understanding the security policies amongst individuals in an organization has devastating effect on security of the organization. Different individuals hold different understanding and knowledge about IS security, which is reflected on IS security policies design and practice (Vaast, 2007). Albrecthsen and Hovdena (2009) argue that users and managers practice IS security differently because they have different rationalities. This difference in rationalities may reflect the mismatch between the security policies and individuals’ values. In this research, we argue that occurrence of security breach can change individuals’ values in light of security policy of organization. These changes in the values can be reflected on the compliance between individuals’ norms and security rules and standards. Indeed, organizations need to guarantee the compliance between security policy and values of their employees. Thus, they can alleviate or prevent violations of security of organization. However, it is difficult to find a common method that all organizations can adopt to guarantee the synch between security rules and individuals’ norms. The main aim of this research is to investigate how people perceive information security policy and how their perceptions change in response to security breaches. Besides, this research aims to investigate the relationship between individuals’ values and security policy. Thus, organizations can have the intended level of compliance between individual norms and security rules and standards. With the aid of the Repertory Grid technique, this research examines how a security breach shapes people’s values with respect to security policy of an organization. To conduct the argument, this research offers an assessment mechanism that aids the organization to evaluate employees’ values in regard to security policy. Based on that evaluation, the organization can develop a proper mechanism to guarantee compliance between individuals’ norms and security rules. The results of this research show that employees in an organization hold different perceptions regarding the security policy. These perceptions change in response to security incident. This change in perceptions dose not necessarily result in better compliance with the security policy. Factors like the type of breach and people’s experience can affect the amount of change in the perceptions. Contributions, implications, and directions for future research of this study will be discussed.

Suite au développement des technologies de l'information, et en particulier au déploiement d'infrastructures telles que le Cloud Computing, de plus en plus d'applications et plateformes coopèrent en échangeant des données et des services. Cette tendance renforce l'importance de la gestion de la sécurité. Afin d'assurer la sécurité des données et de l'interaction de service une politique de sécurité doit être appliquée. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux politiques de contrôle d'accès. Ce type de politique spécifie les privilèges de l'utilisation des ressources et est implémentée par différents modèles selon différents scénarios. Notre objectif ici est d'aider le client du service à bien exprimer ses exigences de sécurité et à choisir les fournisseurs de services qui peuvent la déployer. La première partie de cette thèse est dédiée à la sélection des fournisseurs de service. Dans le cas où les politiques de sécurité du fournisseur sont accessibles au client, nous proposons une méthode pour mesurer la similarité entre les politiques de sécurité. Dans le cas où les politiques de sécurité ne sont pas accessibles au client ou ne sont pas explicitement spécifiées, nous proposons un cadre à base de règles permettant la dérivation à partir des exigences de sécurité aux politiques de sécurité concrètes. La seconde partie de la thèse porte sur la négociation de politiques de sécurité. Nous étudions le processus permettant aux parties en négociation de parvenir à un accord par une série d'échanges d'offres et de contre-offres. Lorsque le résultat de la négociation est positif, un contrat incluant la politique de sécurité acceptée par les parties est généré<br>Security policy provides a way to define the constraints on behavior of the members belonging to a system, organization or other entities. With the development of IT technology such as Grid Computing and Cloud Computing, more and more applications and platforms exchange their data and services for cooperating. Toward this trend, security becomes an important issue and security policy has to be applied in order to ensure the safety of data and service interaction. In this thesis, we deal with one type of security policy: access control policy. Access control policy protects the privileges of resource's utilization and there exist different policy models for various scenarios. Our goal is to ensure that the service customer well expresses her security requirements and chooses the service providers that fit these requirements.The first part of this dissertation is dedicated to service provider selection. In case that the security policies of the service provider are accessible to the service customer, we provide a method for measuring the similarity between security policies. Another case is that security policies are not accessible to the service customer or not specified explicitly. Our solution is proposing a policy-based framework which enables the derivation from attribute-based security requirements to concrete security policies. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the security policy negotiation. We investigate the process of reaching agreement through bargaining process in which negotiators exchange their offers and counter offers step by step. The positive result of the negotiation generates a policy contract

In organizations, users' compliance with information security policies (ISP) is crucial for minimizing information security (IS) incidents. To improve users' compliance, IS managers have implemented IS awareness (ISA) programs, which are systematically planned interventions to continuously transport security information to a target audience. The underlying research analyzes IS managers' efforts to design effective ISA programs by comparing current design recommendations suggested by scientific literature with actual design practices of ISA programs in three banks. Moreover, this study addresses how users perceive ISA programs and related implications for compliant IS behavior. Empirically, we utilize a multiple case design to investigate three banks from Central and Eastern Europe. In total, 33 semi-structured interviews with IS managers and users were conducted and internal materials of ISA programs such as intranet messages and posters were also considered. The paper contributes to IS compliance research by offering a comparative and holistic view on ISA program design practices. Moreover, we identified influences on users' perceptions centering on IS risks, responsibilities, ISP importance and knowledge, and neutralization behaviors. Finally, the study raises propositions regarding the relationship of ISA program designs and factors, which are likely to influence users' ISP compliance.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-19T15:09:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tgr_thesis.pdf: 4801672 bytes, checksum: ce1d30377cfe8fad52dbfd02d55554e6 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T15:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tgr_thesis.pdf: 4801672 bytes, checksum: ce1d30377cfe8fad52dbfd02d55554e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-08<br>The evolution of software service delivery has changed the way accountability is performed. The complexity related to cloud computing environments increases the difficulty in properly performing accountability, since the evidences are spread through the whole infrastructure, from different servers, in physical, virtualization and application layers. This complexity increases when the cloud federation is considered because besides the inherent complexity of the virtualized environment, the federation members may not implement the same security procedures and policies. The main objective of this thesis is to propose an accountability framework named CloudAcc, that supports audit, management, planning and billing process in federated cloud environments, increasing trust and transparency. Furthermore, CloudAcc considers the legal safeguard requirements presented in Brazilian Marco Civil da Internet. We confirm the CloudAcc effectiveness when some infrastructure elements were submitted against Denial of Service (DoS) and Brute Force attacks, and our framework was able to detect them. Facing the results obtained, we can conclude that CloudAcc contributes to the state-of-the-art once it provides the holistic vision of the cloud federated environment through the evidence collection considering the three layers, supporting audit, management, planning and billing process in federated cloud environments.<br>A maneira de realizar accountability tem variado à medida em que o modo de entrega de serviços de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) tem evoluído. Em ambientes de nuvem a complexidade de realizar accountability apropriadamente é alta porque as evidências devem ser coletadas considerando-se as camadas física, de virtualização e de aplicações, que estão espalhadas em diferentes servidores e elementos da infraestrutura. Esta complexidade é ampliada quando ocorre a federação das infraestruturas de nuvem porque além da complexidade inerente ao ambiente virtualizado, os membros da federação podem não ter os mesmos grupos de políticas e práticas de segurança. O principal objetivo desta tese é propor um framework de accountability, denominado CloudAcc, que suporte processos de auditoria, gerenciamento, planejamento e cobrança, em nuvens federadas, aumentando a confiança e a transparência. Além disso, o CloudAcc também considera os requisitos legais para a salvaguarda dos registros, conforme descrito no Marco Civil da Internet brasileira. A efetividade do CloudAcc foi confirmada quando alguns componentes da infraestrutura da nuvem foram submetidos a ataques de negação de serviço e de força bruta, e o framework foi capaz de detectá-los. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o CloudAcc contribui para o estado-da-arte, uma vez que fornece uma visão holística do ambiente de nuvem federada através da coleta de evidências em três camadas suportando os processos de auditoria, gerenciamento, planejamento e cobrança.

Password policy compliance is a vital component of organizational information security. Although many organizations make substantial investments in information security, employee-related security breaches are prevalent, with many breaches being caused by negative password behavior such as password sharing and the use of weak passwords. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between employees’ attitudes towards password policies, information security awareness, password self-efficacy, and employee intentions to comply with password policies. This study was grounded in the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory. A cross-sectional survey was administered online to a random sample of 187 employees selected from a pool of qualified Qualtrics panel members. Participants worked for organizations in the United States and were aware of the password policies in their own organizations. The collected data were analyzed using 3 ordinal logistic regression models, each representing a specific measure of employees’ compliance intentions. Attitudes towards policies and password self-efficacy were significant predictors of employees’ intentions to comply with password policies (odds ratios ≥ 1.257, p < .05), while information security awareness did not have a significant impact on compliance intentions. With more knowledge of the controllable predictive factors affecting compliance, information security managers may be able to improve password policy compliance and reduce economic loss due to related security breaches. An implication of this study for positive social change is that a reduction in security breaches may promote more public confidence in organizational information systems.

Für Geschäftsbereiche mit hohen Anforderungen an Vertraulichkeit und Datenschutz zur Verarbeitung ihrer sensitiven Informationen kann für die Nutzung von Public-Cloud-Technologien keine Benutzerakzeptanz ausgewiesen werden. Die Ursachen dafür erwachsen aus dem inhärenten Strukturkonzept verteilter, begrenzter Verantwortlichkeiten und einem fehlenden Cloud-Anwender-Vertrauen. Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt ein Cloud-Anwender orientiertes Vorgehen zur Durchsetzung regelnder Policy-Konzepte, kombiniert mit einem holistischen Ansatz zur Herstellung einer durchgehenden Vertrauensbasis. Der Aspekt Vertrauen erhält eine eigenständige Konzeptualisierung und wird zu einem Cloud-Anwender-Instrument für die Gestaltung vertrauenswürdiger infrastruktureller Eigenschaften entwickelt. Jede weitere Form einer Policy entwickelt ihren verbindlichen regulierenden Wert erst durch eine unlösliche Verbindung mit den hier vorgelegten Konzepten vertrauenswürdiger Entitäten. Ein ontologisch formalisierter Beschreibungsansatz vollzieht die für eine Regulierung notwendige Konzeptualisierung einer domänenspezifischen IT-Architektur und qualifizierender Sicherheitseigenschaften. Eigenständige Konzeptklassen für die Regulierung liefern den Beschreibungsrahmen zur Ableitung integrierter Trust-Policies. Darauf aufbauende Domänenmodelle repräsentieren eine vom Cloud-Anwender definierte Erwartung in Bezug auf ein reguliertes Cloud-Architektur-Design und reflektieren die reale Welt auf Grundlage vertrauenswürdiger Fakten. Vertrauen quantifiziert sich im Ergebnis logischer Schlussfolgerungen und ist Ausdruck zugesicherter Cloud-Sicherheitseigenschaften und geregelter Verhaltensformen.

Cloud computing is an emerging model in which applications, data, computing resources and operating platforms are provided to clients as a service. It represents a unique way to architect and remotely manage computing resources with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. As it become widely used and being relayed on, security and the risks surrounding it became more in focus to ensure the data protection. The purpose of the study is to focus on the security risks of confidentiality, integrity and availability, and how the cloud consumer perceives cloud security based on those risks. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted and semi-structured interviews with 6 users with experience within the cloud were conducted to collect the data. The data were analysed and explained using codes and categories, based on the research questions and related literature. A roadmap was developed consist of four elements which can support in the migration decision. Those elements are: Trust, Compliance, Proactive and Continuous assessment.

There is a great concern when it comes to the investigation of the parameters that affect the formulation of an information security management strategy in an organization. Amongst others, information security awareness is of great interest, mainly because it links the implementation of the information security policies to the consciousness and the psychology of the employees of an organization. State it otherwise, the information security awareness positively beholds the role of a bridge so as to help the IS managers to evaluate the level that the critical information of the organization are secured, and it offers to IS managers opportunities to develop suitable training programs and information security policies for all the employees of an organization. In the current thesis, we focused on the investigation of the factors that influence the behavior of the employees in order to accept any information security policy of the organization and to adopt information security awareness.The psychology of security and technology (POST™) framework (Layton, 2005) together with a PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technology) analysis guide the investigation and offer the theoretical background for the conduction of a study in an IT Company. A qualitative research has been conducted and semi-structured interviews helped for the collection of the desired data. Also a thematic analysis and the use of a generic approach (Lichtman, 2013) helped for the analysis of the data. The final results gave the ability to identify in practice the employees’ information security awareness adoption level, to link the measurement findings to the development of an information security management strategy and to refine the POST™ framework for its greater advance.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Headline reports on data breaches worldwide have resulted in heightened concerns about information security vulnerability. In Africa, South Africa is ranked among the top ‘at-risk’ countries with information security vulnerabilities and is the most cybercrime-targeted country. Globally, such cyber vulnerability incidents greatly affect the education sector, due, in part, to the fact that it holds more Personal Identifiable Information (PII) than other sectors. PII refers to (but is not limited to) ID numbers, financial account numbers, and biomedical research data.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-01-27T14:19:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaG.Santos.pdf: 965373 bytes, checksum: e9ac2dac85934fdcd07c615473464973 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T14:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaG.Santos.pdf: 965373 bytes, checksum: e9ac2dac85934fdcd07c615473464973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23<br>Personal data protect procedures are organizational tools that properly used by the employee help in the prevention and personal data protect within a safety and transparency organizational limit. This study analyzed the factors that have influenced the perception of the employees of Brazilian organizations about perceived benefits of compliance on the policies established in the prevention and protection of personal data. The research was conducted through a quantitative research approach with analysis of structural equations and the study data were collected through a survey tool to obtain a valid sample of 220 respondents. The study concluded that trust in organization and the risk of loss of personal data are stimulus that positive influence the benefits perceived of the compliance. The results also show that the employees who had your data improperly used, reduces your credibility in organizational controls and increases their perceived risk of privacy loss. The result of the study can help organizations managers to achieve greater adherence of employees with regard to personal data protection policy of organization in which they work, in addition to demonstrate the importance of credibility in internal controls and trust in the organization as predictors of perceived benefits of compliance.<br>Políticas de proteção de dados pessoais são ferramentas organizacionais que, se usadas de maneira adequada pelos colaboradores auxiliam na prevenção e proteção dos dados pessoais dentro de um limite de segurança e transparência organizacional. Este estudo objetiva analisar os fatores que influenciam a percepção dos empregados de organizações brasileiras quanto aos benefícios percebidos de compliance sobre as políticas estabelecidas na prevenção e proteção dos dados pessoais. A pesquisa foi conduzida através de uma abordagem de investigação quantitativa, com análise por equações estruturais e os dados do estudo foram coletados por meio de um instrumento de pesquisa com obtenção de uma amostra válida de 220 respondentes. O estudo concluiu que a Confiança na organização e a Percepção do risco de perda dos dados pessoais são estímulos que influenciam positivamente os benefícios percebidos de compliance. Os resultados também evidenciam que o empregado que teve seus dados utilizados de forma indevida reduz a sua credibilidade nos controles organizacionais e aumenta a sua Percepção do risco de perda de privacidade. O resultado do estudo pode auxiliar gestores de organizações a obter maior aderência dos empregados quanto às políticas de proteção de dados pessoais da organização em que trabalham, além de demonstrar a importância da credibilidade nos controles internos e a confiança na organização como preditores dos benefícios percebidos de compliance.

Informationssäkerhet är ett område som kommit att sättas alltmer i fokus hos organisationer. Tidigare har främst tekniska lösningar för att skydda viktig information fått uppmärksamhet, det är först på senare tid som informationssäkerhet har börjat uppfattas som ett komplext område som innefattar såväl tekniska, som organisatoriska och mänskliga faktorer. För att eftersträva en god informationssäkerhet inom organisationen bör ett grundligt arbete läggas på att utveckla informationssäkerhetspolicys och säkerhetsansvariga måste kontinuerligt utbilda och skapa medvetenhet hos anställda kring vilka hot som finns mot organisationen ifall informationssäkerhetsbestämmelser inte efterlevs. Huvudsyftet i föreliggande studie har varit att undersöka vilka faktorer som styr anställdas efterlevnad av informationssäkerhetspolicys. Ytterligare delsyfte har varit att undersöka hur den faktiska efterlevnaden av informationssäkerhetsbestämmelser avspeglar sig inom två vårdverksamheter i Landstinget i Östergötland. För att uppfylla studiens syfte har fallstudier genomförts där såväl observationer som intervjuer med personal legat till grund för datainsamlingen. Resultatet visar att säkerhetsmedvetandet och efterlevnaden av säkerhetsbestämmelser inom de undersökta organisationerna är tämligen god, men det finns skillnader i graden av efterlevnad. Resultaten visar att anställda i viss mån hoppar över säkerhetsbestämmelser för att effektivisera sitt arbete. Den vanligaste säkerhetsbestämmelsen som visade på bristande efterlevnad var att en del anställda slarvade med att logga ut eller låsa datorn då denna lämnades oövervakad. Faktorer som visat sig vara avgörande för ifall säkerhetsbestämmelser efterlevs eller inte är bland annat ifall den anställde anser att beteendet övervakas, hur väl medveten man är kring konsekvensen av att säkerhetsbestämmelser inte efterlevs, samt hur stor sannolikhet man anser det vara att hotet realiseras. Ytterligare faktorer som visat sig spela roll är ifall den anställde anser att säkerhetsbestämmelsen ligger i konflikt med andra intressen, såsom effektivitet eller bekvämlighet. För att kunna införa effektiva policyåtgärder krävs det därmed att policyutvecklare förstår vad som motiverar anställda till att följa säkerhetsbestämmelser och vilka värderingar som ligger bakom deras beteende.<br>Information security has grown into a field of study that has gained increasingly attention within organizations. In the early days focus of the field has primerly been on technical solutions in order to protect information. Only recently information security has come to be seen as a complex area including both technical, organizational and human factors. In order to strive for a high degree of information security within the organization, emphasis has to be placed on developing a functional information security policy. Just as important is that security managers continually educate and create awareness amongst employees with regards to existing threats if information security rules are not respected. The main purpose in regards to this study has been to investigate the determinants of employees' compliance with information security policies. A further aim of the study has been to examine how the actual compliance of information security regulations is reflected in two healthcare clinics in the county council of Östergötland. In order to fulfill the purpose of the study, case studies were carried out in the clinics, where both filed studies and interviews with staff members formed the basis for data collection. The results show that security awareness and compliance with safety regulations within the surveyed organizations are fairly good, but there are differences in the level of compliance. The results show that employees to some degree overlook safety rules in order to make their work more efficient. The most common security rule that showed non-compliance was where employees occasionally did not logg off or lock the computer as it was left unattended. Determinants that showed to have an influence on whether or not employees comply with information security policys are among other factors to what extent the employee belives that the behavior is being monitored, awareness about conseqences from not complying with the security rules, as well as to what extent one belives that the actual threat occurs. Additional determinants that were found to have an influence on the actual behavior with regards to compliance is to what extent the employee considers the regulations to be in conflict with other interests, such as efficiency or convenience. In order to introduce effective policy measures knowledge is needed where policy makers understand what motivates employees to comply with safety rules, as well as the values that underlie their behavior.

O cenário tecnológico é um fator importante a ser considerado ao se trabalhar com Sistemas de Gestão de Segurança da Informação (SGSI). No entanto, nos últimos anos esse cenário se alterou profundamente, aumentando em complexidade de maneira até antes não vista. Caracterizado principalmente por tendências tecnológicas como a terceirização de infraestrutura de TIC, a computação em nuvem e a mobilidade, o cenário externo atual gera grandes novos desafios de segurança. A abordagem típica para tratar com mudanças de cenário em SGSIs é uma revisão da análise de riscos e a implantação de novos controles de segurança. No entanto, frente a um cenário tão disruptivo, riscos podem passar despercebidos, devido à falta de conhecimento sobre os novos elementos introduzidos por esse cenário. Por causa disso, adaptações mais profundas, durante o próprio planejamento do SGSI, são necessárias. Usando a norma de segurança ISO/IEC 27001 como referência, esse trabalho introduz um modelo de suporte que permite a identificação dessas adaptações. Para construir esse modelo, foram inicialmente levantados os riscos referentes a cada uma das três tendências tecnológicas listadas. Esses riscos foram compilados e analisados em conjunto, buscando a identificação de temas de preocupação recorrentes entre eles. Para endereçar cada um dos temas dentro do modelo de suporte, foram levantadas adaptações do SGSI sugeridas na literatura e na prática de segurança. Essas adaptações foram transformadas em pontos de checagem a serem observados durante a execução das duas atividades principais da fase de Planejamento do SGSI da ISO/IEC 27001: definição de políticas de segurança e gestão de riscos. A contribuição principal do trabalho é um modelo de suporte de segurança com o qual as organizações podem adaptar o seu SGSI e assim melhor protegerem suas informações frente ao cenário tecnológico externo descrito. Como contribuição secundária está a sugestão de uma análise unificada com foco em segurança das tendências tecnológicas desse cenário.<br>The technological scenario is an important factor to be considered while working with Information Security Management Systems (ISMS). However, in the latter years this scenario has changed deeply, increasing in complexity in a way not seen so far. Characterized mainly by the heavy use of ITC infrastructure outsourcing, cloud computing and mobility, the current external scenario creates big new security challenges. The typical approach to handle changes of scenarios in ISMSs is a risk assessment review and deployment of new security controls. However, when considering such a disruptive scenario, some risks may go unnoticed, due to the lack of knowledge of the elements introduced by this scenario. Because of that, deeper adaptations are needed, during the actual ISMS planning. Using the ISO/IEC 27001 as a reference, this research introduces a framework for the identification of these adaptations. To build this framework, risks related to each of the three technological trends mentioned were identified. These risks were compiled and analyzed together, searching for recurring themes of concern among them. To address each of these themes in the framework, ISMS adaptations suggested in the security literature and practice were identified. These adaptations were transformed in checkpoints to be verified during the execution of the two main activities of the ISO/IEC 27001 ISMS Plan phase: security policies definition and risk management. The main contribution of this research is a framework which can help organizations adapt their ISMSs and better protect their information in the technological scenario described. As a secondary contribution is the proposal of a unified security analysis of the distinct security trends of the external scenario.

Professional Doctorate - Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)<br>Abstract: Cloud computing with its ubiquitous, flexible and on-demand consumption model has been growing at an exponential rate and represents a major investment for organizations whose business models require constant transformation. However, cloud computing introduces security challenges at all levels, from data to applications, hosts and networks and organizations are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks and data breaches from outside the organization as well as insider’s intentional or unintentional misbehaviour not in compliance with an organization’s security policies. Insider security threats are the most dangerous as they are the trusted and privilege users of the organizations and their problems are the most difficult to detect. Investigation of factors affecting employees’ behaviour in protecting their organization’s valuable assets: the information is thus very important in an organization’s defence against harmful insiders’ non-compliant behaviour. Existing literature, however, generally focuses on technical and operational protections and provides little account of human misbehaviour. This study aims to address this gap by investigating influencing factors affecting employees’ protection intention and behaviour in their organizations. This study adopts an integrated theoretical model from Siponen, Mahmood, & Pahnila (2014) that is grounded on Protection Motivation Theory (Rogers, 1983) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980; Ajzen, 1991) but expands to the full nomology of both theories to enhance the rigor of the research. The theoretical model is then empirically tested with 256 employees from various industries involved in cloud computing in Hong Kong. The research model is found to explain a significant proportion of the variance of Intention to Comply with Cloud/Information Security Policies (52 percent) and Actual Compliance Behaviour (61 percent). The findings suggest that employees’ compliance intention and perceived ease of compliance are the most significant influencers of compliance behaviour. When employees have the right compliance attitude, are positively motivated by their management and peers, have faith in their organizations’ and their own ability to protect their organizations and find the compliance costs tolerable, their intention to comply with their organizations’ cloud/information security policies increases significantly. The results show that employees’ perception of the security threats has a moderate effect on compliance intention but their perception of vulnerability to security breaches and rewards of non-compliance have no impact on their intention to comply with cloud/information security policies. This study reveals a general lack of awareness of cloud/information security threats and the consequences of non-compliance. The results call for continuous Security Education, Training and Awareness (SETA) on cloud/information security policies and awareness programs to be in place to augment employees’ understanding of the cyber security threat, especially as a result of the open concept of cloud computing, and their organizations’ ability to respond to these threats; to increase employees’ skills and confidence level to defend their organizations (and themselves) from security threats; to promote the right attitude towards conforming to organizations; and to create peer pressure from senior management and co-workers towards compliance behaviour. This study enriches the understanding of the motivational factors underlining information security policies compliance behaviour and will be useful for academia and industry practitioners involved in encouraging cloud/information security policy compliance behaviour. References: Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Rogers RW. (1983). Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: a revised theory of protection motivation. New York: Guilford Press. Siponen, M., Mahmood, M. A., & Pahnila, S. (2014). Employees' adherence to information security policies: An exploratory field study. Information & Management, 51(2), 217-224.

The recent emergence and rapid advancement of Cloud Computing (CC) infrastructure and services have made outsourcing Information Technology (IT) and digital services to Cloud Providers (CPs) attractive. Cloud offerings enable reduction in IT resources (hardware, software, services, support, and staffing), and provide flexibility and agility in resource allocation, data and resource delivery, fault-tolerance, and scalability. However, the current standards and guidelines adopted by many CPs are tailored to address functionality (such as availability, speed, and utilization) and design requirements (such as integration), rather than protection against cyber-attacks and associated security issues. In order to achieve sustainable trust for cloud services with minimal risks and impact on cloud customers, appropriate cloud information security models are required. The research described in this dissertation details the processes adopted for the development and implementation of an integrated information security cloud based approach to cloud service models. This involves detailed investigation into the inherent information security deficiencies identified in the existing cloud service models, service agreements, and compliance issues. The research conducted was a multidisciplinary in nature, with detailed investigations on factors such as people, technology, security, privacy, and compliance involved in cloud risk assessment to ensure all aspects are addressed in holistic and well-structured models. The primary research objectives for this dissertation are investigated through a series of scientific papers centered on these key research disciplines. The assessment of information security, privacy, and compliance implementations in a cloud environment is described in Chapters two, three, four, and five. Paper 1 (CCIPS: A Cooperative Intrusion Detection and Prevention Framework for Cloud Services) outlines a framework for detecting and preventing known and zero-day threats targeting cloud computing networks. This framework forms the basis for implementing enhanced threat detection and prevention via behavioral and anomaly data analysis. Paper 2 (A Trusted CCIPS Framework) extends the work of cooperative intrusion detection and prevention to enable trusted delivery of cloud services. The trusted CCIPS model details and justifies the multi-layer approach to enhance the performance and efficiency of detecting and preventing cloud threats. Paper 3 (SOCaaS: Security Operations Center as a Service for Cloud Computing Environments) describes the need for a trusted third party to perform real-time monitoring of cloud services to ensure compliance with security requirements by suggesting a security operations center system architecture. Paper 4 (SecSLA: A Proactive and Secure Service Level Agreement Framework for Cloud Services) identifies the necessary cloud security and privacy controls that need to be addressed in the contractual agreements, i.e. service level agreements (SLAs), between CPs and their customers. Papers five, six, seven, and eight (Chapters 6 – 9) focus on addressing and reducing the risk issues resulting from poor assessment to the adoption of cloud services and the factors that influence such as migration. The investigation of cloud-specific information security risk management and migration readiness frameworks, detailed in Paper 5 (An Effective Risk Management Framework for Cloud Computing Services) and Paper 6 (Information Security, Privacy, and Compliance Readiness Model) was achieved through extensive consideration of all possible factors obtained from different studies. An analysis of the results indicates that several key factors, including risk tolerance, can significantly influence the migration decision to cloud technology. An additional issue found during this research in assessing the readiness of an organization to move to the cloud is the necessity to ensure that the cloud service provider is actually with information security, privacy, and compliance (ISPC) requirements. This investigation is extended in Paper 7 (A Practical Life Cycle Approach for Cloud based Information Security) to include the six phases of creating proactive cloud information security systems beginning with initial design, through the development, implementation, operations and maintenance. The inherent difficulty in identifying ISPC compliant cloud technology is resolved by employing a tracking method, namely the eligibility and verification system presented in Paper 8 (Cloud Services Information Security and Privacy Eligibility and Verification System). Finally, Paper 9 (A Case Study of Migration to a Compliant Cloud Technology) describes the actual implementation of the proposed frameworks and models to help the decision making process faced by the Saudi financial agency in migrating their IT services to the cloud. Together these models and frameworks suggest that the threats and risks associated with cloud services are continuously changing and more importantly, increasing in complexity and sophistication. They contribute to making stronger cloud based information security, privacy, and compliance technological frameworks. The outcomes obtained significantly contribute to best practices in ensuring information security controls are addressed, monitoring, enforced, and compliant with relevant regulations.<br>Graduate<br>0984<br>0790<br>fahd333@gmail.com

Multi-tenancy and elasticity are important characteristics of every cloud. Multi-tenancy can be economical; however, it raises some security concerns. For example, contender companies may have Virtual Machines (VM) on the same server and have access to the same resources. There is always the possibility that one of them tries to get access to the opponent's data. In order to address these concerns, each tenant in the cloud should be secured separately and firewalls are one of the means that can help in that regard. Firewalls also protect virtual machines from the outside threats using access control lists and policies. On the other hand, virtual machines migrate frequently in an elastic cloud and this raises another apprehension about what happens to the security policies that are associated with the migrated virtual machine. In this thesis, we primarily contribute by proposing a novel framework that coordinates the mobility of the associated security policies along with the virtual machine in Software-Defined Networks (SDN). We then design and develop a prototype application called Migration Application (MigApp), based on our framework that moves security policies and coordinates virtual machine and security policy migration. MigApp runs on top of SDN controllers and uses a distributed messaging system in order to interact with virtual machine monitor and other MigApp instances. We integrate MigApp with Floodlight controller and evaluate our work through simulations. In addition, we prepare a test-bed for security testing in clouds that are based on traditional networks. We focus on virtual machine migration and use open-source utilities to equip this test-bed. We design an architecture based on GNS3 network emulator in order to provide a distributed testing environment. We then propose a virtual machine migration framework on Oracle VirtualBox; and finally, we enrich the security aspect of framework by adding firewall rule migration and security verification mechanisms into it.

Information security (InfoSec) policies are widely used by institutions as a form of InfoSec control measure to protect their information assets. InfoSec policies are commonly documented in natural language, which is prone to ambiguity and misinterpretation, thereby making it hard, if not impossible, for users to comply with. These misinterpretations may lead the students or staff members to wrongfully execute the required actions, thereby making institutions vulnerable to InfoSec attacks. According to the literature review conducted in this work, InfoSec policy documents are often not followed or complied with; and the key issues facing InfoSec policy compliance include the lack of management support for InfoSec, organisational cultures of non-compliance, intentional and unintentional policy violation by employees (the insider threat), lack of policy awareness and training as well as the policy being unclear or ambiguous. This study is set in the higher education context and explores the extent to which the non-compliance problem is embedded within the policy documents themselves being affected by ambiguity. A qualitative method with a case study research strategy was followed in the research, in the form of an inductive approach with a cross-sectional time horizon, whereby a selection case of relevant institutional InfoSec policies were analysed. The data was collected in the form of academic literature and InfoSec policies of higher education institutions to derive themes for data analysis. A qualitative content analysis was performed on the policies, which identified ambiguity problems in the data. The findings indicated the presence of ambiguity within the policy documents, making it possible to misinterpret some of the policy statements. Formal methods were explored as a possible solution to the policy ambiguity. A framework was then proposed to address ambiguity and improve on the clarity of the semantics of policy statements. The framework can be used by policy writers in paying attention to the presence of ambiguity in their policies and address these when drafting or revising their policy documents.<br>School of Computing

Für Geschäftsbereiche mit hohen Anforderungen an Vertraulichkeit und Datenschutz zur Verarbeitung ihrer sensitiven Informationen kann für die Nutzung von Public-Cloud-Technologien keine Benutzerakzeptanz ausgewiesen werden. Die Ursachen dafür erwachsen aus dem inhärenten Strukturkonzept verteilter, begrenzter Verantwortlichkeiten und einem fehlenden Cloud-Anwender-Vertrauen. Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt ein Cloud-Anwender orientiertes Vorgehen zur Durchsetzung regelnder Policy-Konzepte, kombiniert mit einem holistischen Ansatz zur Herstellung einer durchgehenden Vertrauensbasis. Der Aspekt Vertrauen erhält eine eigenständige Konzeptualisierung und wird zu einem Cloud-Anwender-Instrument für die Gestaltung vertrauenswürdiger infrastruktureller Eigenschaften entwickelt. Jede weitere Form einer Policy entwickelt ihren verbindlichen regulierenden Wert erst durch eine unlösliche Verbindung mit den hier vorgelegten Konzepten vertrauenswürdiger Entitäten. Ein ontologisch formalisierter Beschreibungsansatz vollzieht die für eine Regulierung notwendige Konzeptualisierung einer domänenspezifischen IT-Architektur und qualifizierender Sicherheitseigenschaften. Eigenständige Konzeptklassen für die Regulierung liefern den Beschreibungsrahmen zur Ableitung integrierter Trust-Policies. Darauf aufbauende Domänenmodelle repräsentieren eine vom Cloud-Anwender definierte Erwartung in Bezug auf ein reguliertes Cloud-Architektur-Design und reflektieren die reale Welt auf Grundlage vertrauenswürdiger Fakten. Vertrauen quantifiziert sich im Ergebnis logischer Schlussfolgerungen und ist Ausdruck zugesicherter Cloud-Sicherheitseigenschaften und geregelter Verhaltensformen.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Forschungsfragen 1.3 Zielstellung 1.4 Vorgehensweise 2 Problembeschreibung 2.1 Public Cloud, Strukturerweiterung einer Organisation 2.1.1 Kopplung im sozialen Kontext 2.1.2 Strukturelle Kopplung im Cloud-Kontext 2.2 Regelungen: strukturbildende Elemente von Organisationen 2.2.1 Regelungen im sozialenKontext 2.2.1.1 Rechtliche Regelungen 2.2.1.2 Nichtrechtliche Regelungen 2.2.1.3 Regelungen in Organisationen 2.2.2 Regelungen im Cloud-Kontext 2.3 Erwartungen und Unbestimmtheit von Handlungen 2.3.1 Erwartungen im sozialenKontext 2.3.2 Erwartungen im Cloud-Kontext 2.4 Konformität, Abbildung von Regelungen 2.4.1 Konformität im sozialenKontext 2.4.2 Konformität im Cloud-Kontext 2.5 Thesen 3 Analyse 3.1 Anforderungen 3.1.1 Infrastrukturschicht 3.1.1.1 Hardwarebasierte Geo-Lokalisierung 3.1.1.2 Virtual Machine Monitor 3.1.1.3 Netzwerksicherheit 3.1.2 Plattform-/Laufzeitschicht 3.1.2.1 Virtualisierungstechnologie 3.1.2.2 OS-Sicherheitsmodell 3.1.2.3 Datensicherheit der Laufzeitschicht 3.1.3 Anwendungs-/Serviceschicht 3.1.3.1 Anwendungssicherheit 3.1.3.2 Prozesssicherheit 3.1.3.3 Datensicherheit der Anwendungsschicht 3.1.4 Verwaltung/Betrieb 3.1.5 Compliance 3.1.5.1 Governance 3.1.5.2 Klassifizierte Informationen 3.1.5.3 Datenschutz 3.1.6 Zusammenfassung der Regulierungsziele 3.2 Anwendungsfälle einer Multi-User-Cloud-Umgebung 3.2.1 TCG-Konzepte und Definitionen 3.2.2 UC-Aufbau einer Vertrauensbasis 3.2.3 UC-Aufbau einer vertrauenswürdigen Kooperationsbasis 3.2.4 UC-kooperative Provisionierung 3.2.5 UC-Änderungen von Regeln innerhalb einer kooperativen Domäne 3.2.6 Abgeleitete Anwendungsfälle aus TCG-Richtlinien 3.3 State-of-the-Art-Betrachtung 3.3.1 Thema:Regulierungsziele 3.3.1.1 Pattern-based Runtime Management of Composite Cloud Applications 3.3.1.2 Unifying Compliance Requirements across Business and IT 3.3.2 Thema:Digitale Regelkonzepte 3.3.2.1 Policy-Aware Provisioning of Cloud Applications 3.3.2.2 Policy-Aware Provisioning and Management of Cloud Applications 3.3.3 Thema:Vertrauenskonzepte 3.3.3.1 Secure Enclaves for REactive Cloud Applications 3.3.3.2 Enforcing-Security-and-Assurance-Properties-in-Cloud-Environment 3.3.4 Thema:Technische Standards 3.3.4.1 WebServicesPolicy1.5 – Framework-Current 3.3.4.2 WS-SecurityPolicy1.3 3.3.4.3 WS-Trust 3.3.4.4 Web Services Security: SOAP Message Security 1.1 3.3.5 Thema:Sprachkonzepte 3.3.5.1 Using Ontologies to Analyze Compliance Requirements of Cloud-BasedProcesses 3.3.5.2 Policy Language for a Pervasive Computing Environment 3.4 Zusammenfassung und Abgrenzungsbeschreibung 4 Konzeption 4.1 Ontologie-Konzept 4.1.1 Strukturentwurf Ontologie 4.1.2 Ziele der ontologischen Konzeptualisierung 4.1.3 Ontologie Regulierung 4.1.3.1 Haupthierachie Regulation-Ontology 4.1.3.2 Konzeptklasse Action 4.1.3.3 Konzeptklasse Constraint 4.1.3.4 Konzeptklasse Rule 4.1.3.5 Konzeptklasse Policy 4.1.3.6 Konzeptklasse State 4.1.3.7 Konzeptklasse Transformation 4.1.4 Ontologie Cloud-Domain 4.1.4.1 Konzeptklasse CloudDomain 4.1.4.2 Konzeptklasse Entity 4.1.4.3 Konzeptklasse Subject 4.1.4.4 Konzeptklasse ArchitecturalLayer 4.1.4.5 Konzeptklasse Object 4.1.4.6 Konzeptklasse Part 4.1.4.7 Konzeptklasse Connection 4.1.4.8 Konzeptklasse CloudService 4.1.5 Ontologie Security 4.1.5.1 Konzept einer vertrauensbildenden Sicherheitsstrategie 4.1.5.2 Konzeptklasse Asset 4.1.5.3 Konzeptklasse PropertySecurity 4.1.5.4 Konzeptklasse SecurityFunction 4.1.5.5 Konzeptklasse SecurityRequirement 4.1.5.6 Konzeptklasse Identity 4.1.5.7 Konzeptklasse Credential 4.1.5.8 Konzeptklasse SecurityModel (Sicherheitsmodell) 4.2 Konzept zur Herausbildung von Vertrauen (Trust) 4.2.1 Konzept einer vertrauenswürdigen Entität 4.2.2 Konzept einer Authority 4.2.2.1 Zusicherung von Entity-Eigenschaften 4.2.2.2 Entitäten innerhalb einer Authority-Hierarchie 4.2.2.3 Entitäten und externe Authority 4.2.3 Konzept einer Policy zur Entwicklung von Vertrauen 4.2.3.1 Spezialisierung der Trust-Policy 4.2.3.2 QualityProperty – Gegenstand der Vertrauenspolitik 4.3 Trust-Establishment-Protokoll 4.3.1 Datenmodell 4.3.1.1 Verhaltensorientierte Artefakte 4.3.1.2 Kryptographische Artefakte 4.3.1.3 Protokollspezifische Artefakte 4.3.2 Horizontale Etablierung von Vertrauen (Establishment of Trust) 4.3.2.1 Phase1: Auswahl einer Cloud-Plattform 4.3.2.2 Phase2: Erweiterung der Vertrauensgrundlage auf Cloud-Anbieter-Seite 4.3.3 Vertikale Etablierung von Vertrauen (Delegation of Trust) 4.3.3.1 Registrierung von Policy-Entitäten 4.3.3.2 Registrierung von Domänen-Entitäten 4.3.3.3 Ableitung vertrauenswürdiger Entitäten 4.3.3.4 Ableitung vertrauenswürdiger Eigenschaften und Aktivitäten 4.4 Zusammenfassung 5 Validierung 5.1 Referenzarchitektur – TrustedCloud 5.1.1 Komponentenbeschreibung – IT-Plattform 5.1.2 Komponentenbeschreibung – Laufzeitumgebung 5.1.3 Komponentenbeschreibung – Integrierte Systeme 5.1.4 ExterneSysteme – Key & CA Service 5.1.4.1 Bezeichnungen und Namespaces 5.1.4.2 TE-Zustandsmodell 5.1.4.3 Policy-Zonen und Policy-Anwendungsraum 5.2 Trust-Policies und Transformation 5.2.1 Szenario (1) – Bereitstellung Virtual Machine Monitor KVM 5.2.1.1 Domain-Spezifikation–KVM-Komponente 5.2.1.2 Regulation-Spezifikation – KVM-Deployment-Policy 5.2.1.3 Prüfung der KVM-Authentizität 5.2.1.4 Zusicherung von KVM-Identitätseigenschaften 5.2.1.5 Transformation – KVM-Trust-Rule 5.2.1.6 Transformation – KVM-Deployment-Rule 5.2.2 Szenario (2) – Bereitstellung Virtualisiertes Betriebssystem 5.2.2.1 Domain-Spezifikation–Virtual-OS 5.2.2.2 Regulation-Spezifikation – Virtual-OS-Deployment-Policy 5.2.2.3 Prüfung der TE-Authentizität 5.2.2.4 Policy-Zone einrichten – Z_RUNTIME.DB 5.2.2.5 Vertrauenskette prüfen – ChainofTrust 5.2.3 Szenario (3) – Bereitstellung Datenbanksystem (DBS) 5.2.3.1 Domain-Spezifikation – Datenbanksystem 5.2.3.2 Regulation-Spezifikation – DBS-Deployment-Policy 5.2.3.3 Prüfung der DBS-Authentizität 5.2.3.4 Transformation – DBS-Trust-Rule 5.2.3.5 Transformation – DBS-Deployment-Rule 5.2.4 Szenario(4) – ExterneDBS-Zugangssteuerung 5.2.4.1 Domain-Spezifikation – User-to-DB Connection 5.2.4.2 Regulation-Spezifikation – DBS-Connection-Policy 5.2.4.3 Prüfung der DBS-Endpunkt-Authentizität 5.2.4.4 Absicherung der DBS-Verbindung – Verschlüsselung 5.2.4.5 Transformation 5.3 Attestierung – Vertrauenswürdigkeit 5.3.1 Dynamische Methoden der Konzeptklasse State 5.3.2 Kategorien für Niveaubestimmung von Vertrauenswürdigkeit 5.3.3 Semantische Rules für Niveaubestimmung 5.3.3.1 Ableitungsregel – Vertrauenswürdigkeit HOCH 5.3.3.2 Ableitungsregel – Vertrauenswürdigkeit MITTEL 5.3.3.3 Ableitungsregel – Vertrauenswürdigkeit GERING 5.3.3.4 Ableitungsregel – Vertrauenswürdigkeit UNBESTIMMT 5.4 Gegenüberstellung der Szenarien mit den Zielstellungen 5.5 Gegenüberstellung der Ergebnisse mit den Kernfragen 5.6 Zusammenfassung der Validieren 6 Zusammenfassung – Ausblick 6.1 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 6.2 Ausblick und abgeleitete Themen Abkürzungsverzeichnis I State-of-the-Art – Kategorien II Hardwareunterstützte Sicherheit für eine IT-Plattform II.1 TrustedPlatformModule II.2 TechnologiefürIT-Plattformsicherheit II.3 Konzept einer hardwarebasierten Vertrauenspolitik II.3.1 Sichere Mikroarchitektur II.3.2 Messung statischer Systemeigenschaften II.4 Kontrollierter Systemstart II.4.1 Identifizierbarer Plattform-Eigentümer II.4.2 Versiegeln von Systemwerten(Sealing) II.5 Konzept der Attestierung II.5.1 Attestierungs-Schlüssel II.5.2 Zertifizierung des Attestierungs-Identifikationsschlüssels II.5.3 Attestierungs-Modul II.5.4 Attestierungs-Service II.5.5 HardwarebasierteGeo-Lokalisierung III Übersicht der Anforderungen III.1 Anforderungen an die Cloud-Infrastruktur-Plattform-Ebene III.2 Anforderungen an die Cloud-Laufzeitebene III.3 Anforderungen an die Cloud-Service-Ebene III.4 Anforderungen an operatives Management III.5 Anforderungen an Cloud-Anwender-Nutzungsebene IV Spezifikation Ontologie

With the advent of globalisation and ever changing technologies, the need for increased attention to information security is becoming more and more vital. Organisations are facing all sorts of risks and threats these days. It therefore becomes important for all business stakeholders to take the appropriate proactive measures in securing their assets for business survival and growth. Information is today regarded as one of the most valuable assets of an organisation. Without a proper information security framework, policies, procedures and practices, the existence of an organisation is threatened in this world of fierce competition. Information security policies stand as one of the key enablers to safeguarding an organisation from risks and threats. However, writing a set of information security policies and procedures is not enough. If one really aims to have an effective security framework in place, there is a need to develop and implement information security policies that adhere to established standards such as BS 7799 and the like. Furthermore, one should ensure that all stakeholders comply with established standards, policies and best practices systematically to reap full benefits of security measures. These challenges are not only being faced in the international arena but also in countries like Mauritius. International researches have shown that information security policy is still a problematic area when it comes to its implementation and compliance. Findings have shown that several major developed countries are still facing difficulties in this area. There was a general perception that conditions in Mauritius were similar. With the local government's objective to turn Mauritius into a "cyber-island" that could act as an Information Communication & Technology (ICT) hub for the region, there was a need to ensure the adoption and application of best practices specially in areas of information security. This dissertation therefore aims at conducting a research project in Mauritius and assessing whether large Mauritian private companies, that are heavily dependent on IT, have proper and reliable security policies in place which comply with international norms and standards such as British Standard Organisation (BSO) 7799/ ISO 17799/ ISO 27001. The study will help assess the state of, and risks associated with, present implementation of information security policies and practices in the local context. Similarities and differences between the local security practices and international ones have also been measured and compared to identify any specific characteristics in local information security practices. The findings of the study will help to enlighten the security community, local management and stakeholders, on the realities facing corporations in the area of information security policies and practices in Mauritius. Appropriate recommendations have been formulated in light of the findings to improve the present state of information security issues while contributing to the development of the security community<br>Computing<br>M.Sc. (Information Systems)

Information security research shows that employees are a source of some of the security incidents in the organisation. This often results from failure to comply with the Information Security Policies (ISPs). The question is, therefore, how to improve information security behaviour of employees so that it complies with the ISPs. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of information security behaviour, especially how it can be improved, from an intrinsic motivation perspective. A review of the literature suggested that research in information security behaviour is still predominantly based on the extrinsic perspective, while the intrinsic perspective has not received as much attention. This resulted in the study being carried out from the perspective of the self-determination theory (SDT) since this theory has also not received as much attention in the study of information security behaviour. The study then proposed an information security compliant behaviour conceptual model based on the self-determination theory, (ISCBMSDT). Based on this model, a questionnaire, the ISCBMSDT questionnaire, was developed using the Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire and SDT. Using this questionnaire, a survey (n = 263) was carried out at a South African university and responses were received from the academic, administrative and operational staff. The following statistical analysis of the data was carried out: exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent samples test (t-tests) and Pearson correlation analysis. The responses to the survey questions suggest that autonomy questions received positive perception followed by competence questions and relatedness questions. The correlation analysis results show the existence of a statistically significant relationship between competence and autonomy factors. Also, a partial significant relationship between autonomy and relatedness factors as well as between competence and relatedness factors was observed. The exploratory factor analysis that was performed on the questionnaire produced 11 factors. Cronbach alpha was then computed for the eleven factors and all were found to be above 0.7, thus suggesting that the questionnaire is valid and reliable. The results of the research study also suggest that competence and autonomy could be more important than relatedness in directing information security behaviour among employees.<br>School of Computing<br>M. Tech. (Information Technology)

This research conceptualises IT infrastructure management at secondary schools in the WCED (Western Cape Education Department). This includes whether or not secondary schools in the WCED make use of a full time, on-site network administrator or whether a teacher acts as on-site network administrator. The literature review studied the effectiveness of IT infrastructure management which includes hardware, software, policies, computer network, security; staff management and BYOD (bring your own device). The management of IT infrastructure at secondary schools within the WCED differs widely from school to school, and its functionality depends on many factors. The quantitative study revealed problem areas within IT infrastructure management at secondary schools in the WCED. Furthermore the quantitative study also revealed that there is a need for best practice guidelines with regards to IT infrastructure management in order to improve service delivery. The literature review provided sources for best practice IT infrastructure management.<br>Rekenaar infrastruktuur by sekondere skole in die WKOD (Wes Kaapse Onderwys Departement) word in die navorsing beskryf. Die studie ondersoek verskillende strukture naamlike skole wat 'n voltydse netwerk administrateur het en skole waar 'n onderwyser die verantwoordelikheid aanneem van 'n netwerk administrateur. Die effektiewe beheer van rekenaar infrastrukture word bespreek. Dit sluit hardeware, sagteware, beleid formulasie, rekenaar netwerk, sekuriteit, personeel bestuur, en BYOD (bring jou eie toestel). Die bestuur van rekenaar infrastruktuur verskil van skool tot skool en die effektiewe bestuur daarvan word deur baie faktore beinvloed. Die kwantitatiewe studie het probleem areas vir die bestuur van rekenaar infrastruktuur by sekondere skole in die WKOD uitgewys. Die kwantitatiewe studie het verder die behoefte vir beste praktyk riglyne uitgewys om sodoende better dienslewering te verseker. Die literere studie het beste praktyk riglyne vir rekenaar infrastruktuur bestuur genoem.<br>Educational Leadership and Management