Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clozapine

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Clozapine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Clozapine"

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Pardis, Parnian, Gary Remington, Roshni Panda, Milan Lemez, and Ofer Agid. "Clozapine and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 10 (July 26, 2019): 1187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119862535.

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Background: It is commonly recommended that a switch to clozapine be implemented in the face of tardive dyskinesia, even if current treatment involves another “atypical” agent. However, reports do indicate clozapine carries a liability for tardive dyskinesia. Aims: This review sought to evaluate clozapine in relation to tardive dyskinesia in the context of available evidence. Methods: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published in English, using the keywords: clozapine AND tardive dyskinesia OR TD. References from major review articles were searched for additional relevant publications. Studies were included if they investigated: tardive dyskinesia in clozapine-treated patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and reported on two or more assessments of tardive dyskinesia severity measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; or clozapine’s tardive dyskinesia liability. Results: In total, 513 unique citations were identified and 29 reports met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies suggest clozapine reduces dyskinetic symptoms over time ( n=905 clozapine-treated participants); however, the minimum required dose and effect of withdrawal requires further investigation. The majority of reports which address clozapine’s liability for tardive dyskinesia are case studies (11 of 14 reports, 79%), and clozapine was only the first-line treatment in one of the remaining three studies reporting treatment-emergent dyskinetic symptoms with clozapine in 12% of patients. No significant between-drug differences were identified comparing clozapine’s risk to other atypical antipsychotics. Conclusions: Research to date supports switching to clozapine for the purpose of reducing tardive dyskinesia risk and/or treating existing tardive dyskinesia, but prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary if we are to substantiate existing recommendations.
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Qubad, Mishal, and Robert A. Bittner. "Second to none: rationale, timing, and clinical management of clozapine use in schizophrenia." Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 13 (January 2023): 204512532311581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20451253231158152.

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Despite its enduring relevance as the single most effective and important evidence-based treatment for schizophrenia, underutilization of clozapine remains considerable. To a substantial degree, this is attributable to a reluctance of psychiatrists to offer clozapine due to its relatively large side-effect burden and the complexity of its use. This underscores the necessity for continued education regarding both the vital nature and the intricacies of clozapine treatment. This narrative review summarizes all clinically relevant areas of evidence, which support clozapine’s wide-ranging superior efficacy – for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and beyond – and make its safe use eminently feasible. Converging evidence indicates that TRS constitutes a distinct albeit heterogeneous subgroup of schizophrenias primarily responsive to clozapine. Most importantly, the predominantly early onset of treatment resistance and the considerable decline in response rates associated with its delayed initiation make clozapine an essential treatment option throughout the course of illness, beginning with the first psychotic episode. To maximize patients’ benefits, systematic early recognition efforts based on stringent use of TRS criteria, a timely offer of clozapine, thorough side-effect screening and management as well as consistent use of therapeutic drug monitoring and established augmentation strategies for suboptimal responders are crucial. To minimize permanent all-cause discontinuation, re-challenges after neutropenia or myocarditis should be considered. Owing to clozapine’s unique efficacy, comorbid conditions including substance use and most somatic disorders should not dissuade but rather encourage clinicians to consider clozapine. Moreover, treatment decisions need to be informed by the late onset of clozapine’s full effects, which for reduced suicidality and mortality rates may not even be readily apparent. Overall, the singular extent of its efficacy combined with the high level of patient satisfaction continues to distinguish clozapine from all other available antipsychotics.
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Rajkumar, Anto P., B. Poonkuzhali, Anju Kuruvilla, Alok Srivastava, Molly Jacob, and K. S. Jacob. "Association betweenCYP1A2gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical responses to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 25, no. 1 (February 2013): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2012.00638.x.

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ObjectivesDespite clozapine's superior clinical efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), its adverse effects, need for periodic leukocyte monitoring, cost and variable clinical outcomes mandate a clinical need to predict its treatment response. Although cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is the principal determinant of metabolism of clozapine, the role ofCYP1A2gene in the clinical response to clozapine is uncertain. Hence, we investigated its association with treatment responses and adverse events of clozapine in TRS.MethodsWe evaluated four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in theCYP1A2gene, clinical responses and serum clozapine levels in 101 consecutive patients with TRS on stable doses of clozapine. We defined clozapine responsea prioriand investigated allelic and genotypic associations. We assessed the socio-demographic and clinical profiles, premorbid adjustment, traumatic life events, cognition and disability of the participants, using standard assessment schedules for appropriate multivariate analyses.ResultsOur results revealed thatCYP1A2gene SNP (*1C, *1D, *1Eand*1F) were not associated with clozapine treatment response, adverse effects, serum clozapine levels or with disability (pvalues > 0.10).ConclusionAsCYP1A2gene SNP do not help to predict the clinical response to clozapine, routine screening for them prior to start clozapine is currently unwarranted. We suggest future longitudinal genome-wide association studies investigating clinical and pharmacogenetic variables together.
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Lieberman, Jeffrey A., Bruce L. Saltz, Celeste A. Johns, Simcha Pollack, Michael Borenstein, and John Kane. "The Effects of Clozapine on Tardive Dyskinesia." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 4 (April 1991): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.4.503.

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This article reviews eight published studies that describe clozapine's effects on TD and examines the outcome of 30 patients with TD treated with clozapine for up to 36 months. These data indicate that TD response to clozapine is variable but that approximately 43% of cases, particularly those with dystonic features, improved after clozapine treatment. Methodological limitations of the studies described, however, preclude definitive conclusions, which must await appropriately controlled trials.
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Coward, D. M. "General Pharmacology of Clozapine." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S17 (May 1992): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296840.

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Clozapine shows neuroleptic-like inhibition of locomotor activity and conditioned avoidance responding in rodents, although tolerance develops on repeated treatment. EEG-based studies show strong arousal-inhibiting activity of clozapine as well as neuroleptic-like effects on both caudate spindle duration and rat sleep-waking patterns. Effects such as apomorphine blockade, catalepsy and strong increases of plasma prolactin levels are not seen, however, and chronic treatment does not lead to dopamine D2 receptor supersensitivity. Binding studies show clozapine's highest affinities to be for dopamine D4, 5-HT1c, 5-HT2, α1, muscarinic and histamine H1 receptors, but moderate affinity is also seen for many other receptor subtypes. Microdialysis studies indicate a preferential interaction with striatal D1 receptors, whereas autoradiographical studies indicate upregulation of D1 and downregulation of 5-HT2 receptors after chronic clozapine. Clarification of the mechanisms underlying clozapine's special attributes is often hampered by a failure to examine compounds which show a close chemical relationship to clozapine, but which produce extrapyramidal side-effects in man, such as clothiapine, loxapine and amoxapine.
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Oliveira-Souza, Ricardo de, Rogério Paysano Marrocos, and Jorge Moll. "Clozapine for severe ("kraepelinian") schizophrenia: Sustained improvement over 5 years." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2, no. 1 (March 2008): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20100014.

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Abstract Clozapine has become a keystone in the treatment of schizophrenia because of its efficacy as an antipsychotic with negligible neuroleptic effects. The long-term stability of its effects, however, is poorly understood, because most studies have probed the usefulness of clozapine over a period of weeks to several months at the most. Knowing whether clozapine's benefits are sustained over the very long-term, i.e., more than 5 years, may be critical for cost-benefit analyses. Objective: To report the results of an open study on the efficacy of clozapine over the very long-term. Methods: Thirty-three adults (26 men) with severe (kraepelinian) schizophrenia were assessed at regular intervals using a brief neuropsychiatric battery over a 5-year period. Results: A significant improvement was observed between the pre-clozapine and the first "on-clozapine" evaluation. This improvement was paralleled by a remarkable conversion of schizophrenia from "active" (mostly paranoid) into "residual" in 70% of all patients. Eight patients became functionally productive to the point of being capable of living an independent life. Roughly one-third of our cases showed no improvement. Conclusions: Clozapine is a safe and effective drug for patients with severe schizophrenia who have failed to improve on other antipsychotic drugs. Clozapine's maximal benefit is established by the end of the first year of treatment and continues unabated for many years thereafter. Clozapine-resistant patients remain a major challenge calling for the discovery of new treatments for schizophrenia.
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Dell’Osso, Liliana, Chiara Bonelli, Benedetta Nardi, Federico Giovannoni, Cristiana Pronestì, Ivan Mirko Cremone, Giulia Amatori, Stefano Pini, and Barbara Carpita. "Rethinking Clozapine: Lights and Shadows of a Revolutionary Drug." Brain Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010103.

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The current literature globally highlights the efficacy of Clozapine in several psychiatric disorders all over the world, with an FDA indication for reducing the risk of repeated suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A growing field of research is also stressing a possible broader beneficial effect of Clozapine in promoting neuroprotection and neurotrophism. However, this drug is linked to several life-threatening side effects, such as agranulocytosis, myocarditis and seizures, that limit its use in daily clinical practice. For this work, a search was performed on PubMed using the terms “Clozapine indications”, “Clozapine adverse effects”, “Clozapine regenerative effects”, and “Clozapine neuroplasticity” with the aim of reviewing the scientific literature on Clozapine’s treatment indications, adverse effects and potential regenerative role. The results confirmed the efficacy of clozapine in clinical practice, although limited by its adverse effects. It appears crucial to raise awareness among clinicians about the potential benefits of using Clozapine, as well educating medical personnel about its risks and the early identification of possible adverse effects and their management.
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Orejas, O., C. Masferrer Herrera, C. Macías Castellví, and P. Flores Martínez. "Subacute psychiatric hospitalization unit: The role of clozapine." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S548—S549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2026.

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IntroductionSeveral studies report that Clozapine is more effective in reducing symptoms of schizophrenia, producing clinically meaningful improvements and postponing relapse than other antipsychotic strategies.ObjectivesTo analyze the prescription of Clozapine in a sample of 88 inpatients admitted to a subacute psychiatric hospitalization unit.MethodsThis is a transversal study. All patients admitted for a medium-term psychiatric treatment since 01/06/2014 to 30/11/2015 were included. Data about socio-demographical status and clinical situation were obtained and compiled in a database. This study compares patients receiving clozapine treatment with those who receive other psychopharmacologic treatment. Statistics were performed using SPSS Software.ResultsEighty-eight patients (52% men; mean age: 48.6 years) composed the sample. In 58% of cases, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were the diagnoses motivating the admission. Within the 51 patients with Schizophrenia o Schizoaffective Disorder, 16 of them (31.4%) received Clozapine. Comparing clozapine group vs non-clozapine group, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of sex, civil state or working state. Instead, Clozapine group patients were older, had a major number of previous hospitalization admissions and had a larger trajectory of their disorder.ConclusionsPatients requiring treatment with Clozapine had a major number of hospital admissions and had more often committed suicide attempts, suggesting a more severe course of the disorder. They were older than the non-clozapine group. Clozapine is delayed in its use among resistant-treatment patients. It is worth highlighting that only 16 cases of Schizophrenia inpatients received Clozapina. It could mean that Clozapine is underprescribed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Stanton, Robert J., Chris Paxos, Werner J. Geldenhuys, B. Pharm, Jessica L. Boss, Mark Munetz, Altaf S. Darvesh, and M. Pharm. "Clozapine underutilization in treatment-resistant schizophrenia." Mental Health Clinician 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2015.03.063.

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Abstract It has been shown that up to one third of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotic therapy. Thus, treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remains a major mental health care challenge. Clozapine has been shown to provide superior therapeutic benefits and is approved as first-line therapy for TRS. These benefits include improvement in both positive and negative symptoms, and reduction of suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Clozapine, however, remains significantly underused for TRS. A major reason for clozapine's underuse is its substantial adverse effect profile, mainly the risk of life-threatening agranulocytosis which necessitates regular hematologic monitoring. Another factor contributing to reduced clozapine prescribing is the increased use of other second-generation antipsychotics. In TRS patients, there is often a considerable delay in clozapine use, which is prescribed only after other unsuccessful second-generation antipsychotic trials. To combat this trend, there is a push for increased awareness to optimize clozapine prescribing. An important aspect in improving the use of clozapine therapy is physician and patient education. Furthermore, pharmacist involvement can improve clozapine prescription trends in TRS.
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Fehsel, K., K. Schwanke, BA Kappel, E. Fahimi, E. Meisenzahl-Lechner, C. Esser, K. Hemmrich, T. Haarmann-Stemmann, G. Kojda, and C. Lange-Asschenfeldt. "Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by clozapine induces preadipocyte differentiation and contributes to endothelial dysfunction." Journal of Psychopharmacology 36, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811211055811.

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Background: The superior therapeutic benefit of clozapine is often associated with metabolic disruptions as obesity, insulin resistance, tachycardia, higher blood pressure, and even hypertension. Aims: These adverse vascular/ metabolic events under clozapine are similar to those caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and clozapine shows structural similarity to well-known ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Therefore, we speculated that the side effects caused by clozapine might rely on AhR signaling. Methods: We examined clozapine-induced AhR activation by luciferase reporter assays in hepatoma HepG2 cells and we proved upregulation of the prototypical AhR target gene Cyp1A1 by realtime-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis and enzyme activity. Next we studied the physiological role of AhR in clozapine’s effects on human preadipocyte differentiation and on vasodilatation by myography in wild-type and AhR-/- mice. Results: In contrast to other antipsychotic drugs (APDs), clozapine triggered AhR activation and Cyp1A1 expression in HepG2 cells and adipocytes. Clozapine induced adipogenesis via AhR signaling. After PGF2α-induced constriction of mouse aortic rings, clozapine strongly reduced the maximal vasorelaxation under acetylcholine in rings from wild-type mice, but only slightly in rings from AhR-/- mice. The reduction was also prevented by pretreatment with the AhR antagonist CH-223191. Conclusion: Identification of clozapine as a ligand for the AhR opens new perspectives to explain common clozapine therapy-associated adverse effects at the molecular level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clozapine"

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Fisher, Michael. "Clozapine-induced paroxysmal discharges." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2190.

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The atypical antipsychotic clozapine is a widely prescribed and effective treatment for the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but reports of side effects are common. In one study EEG abnormalities were observed in 53% of patients treated with clozapine, and the absence or presence of EEG abnormalities correlated with the plasma clozapine concentration. Here, epileptiform activity was present in conventional EEG recordings from a 32 year old male patient with psychiatric illness taking clozapine for 3 weeks. Brief (ca.100ms), transient epileptiform spikes occurred at a frequency of approximately 2 per h and originated primarily in parietal cortex. One month after withdrawal of clozapine, epileptiform spikes were no longer present. An in vitro model was developed using the equivalent region of association cortex, namely 2⁰ somatosensory cortex, in normal rat brain slices to probe such activity with increased spatial and temporal resolution, and to investigate mechanisms underlying its generation. Wide band in vitro recordings revealed that clozapine (10-20µM) induced regular, frequent very fast oscillations (VFO, > 70Hz) in this region. These VFO comprised short transient high frequency discharges and were maximal in patches along layer V. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine, but not the classical antipsychotic haloperidol, also induced prominent VFO in this region. Sharp electrode intracellular recordings revealed that there was almost no correlation between the somatic activity of layer V regular spiking (RS) pyramidal cells and field VFO, but layer V intrinsically bursting (IB) cells did correlate to some extent with the local field. Interestingly, IB cell spikelets were also weakly correlated with field VFO suggesting a role for axonal hyperexcitability in this cell type in the mechanism. Clozapine-induced VFO persisted following blockade of AMPA, NMDA, and GABAA chemical synaptic receptors, and the gap junction blockers carbenoxolone and quinine also failed to significantly attenuate the power of this activity. Although octanol abolished clozapine-induced VFO, it was not clear that this effect resulted from blockade of gap junctions as this drug also blocks spikes. In addition to VFO events, clozapine (10-20µM) also induced occasional, spontaneous transient paroxysmal discharges, similar to the EEG phenomena, in 33% (11/33 slices) of slices in vitro. Sharp electrode intracellular recordings revealed that clozapine- induced full paroxysmal discharges were associated with spikes, EPSPs and IPSPs in layer V RS and IB cells, suggesting that these events were mediated via chemical synaptic transmission in both of these cell types. Multi-electrode array recordings of local field potentials and units suggested that clozapine-induced paroxysmal events started superficially in association cortex, moved deeper and then propagated horizontally along these deep layers. The onset of clozapine-induced VFO was accompanied by a significant elevation in parvalbumin immunoreactivity, particularly in layer II-IV, where there was a greater than twofold increase in the signal, and this may be relevant to the therapeutic action of the drug.
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Mourlot-Chabanon, Pascale. "Bilan d'utilisation de la clozapine." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11031.

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DAHER, OSCAR. "Tolerance a la clozapine (leponex*)." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6205.

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Durão, Ana Maria Sertori. ""Grupo de acompanhamento de pacientes e familiares de portadores de esquizofrenia medicados com clozapina: o impacto sobre o cotidiano de suas vidas"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-08092004-165526/.

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Trata-se de uma pesquisa de avaliação, de natureza qualitativa,do tipo descritivo exploratório. Que teve como proposta descrever o cotidiano do portador de esquizofrenia em três momentos: antes do uso da clozapina; após o uso da clozapina; após o uso da mesma e o acompanhamento em grupo. A população foi constituída por todos os portadores de esquizofrenia que participaram do grupo de medicações atípicas (GRUMA) em uso de clozapina e um familiar que os acompanhavam com maior freqüência ao grupo. Para coleta dos dados foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com pacientes e familiares, guiadas por roteiros pré-elaborados. As mesmas foram gravadas e, posteriormente, transcritas na íntegra pelo próprio pesquisador.Foi utilizada a análise qualitativa a qual embasou-se nos passos propostos por Minayo (1996). Obteve-se como resultados que antes do uso da clozapina e acompanhamento em grupo, a imprevisibilidade de comportamento e a demonstração de agressividade eram constantes no cotidiano dos pacientes e seus familiares, gerando grande sofrimento psíquico para ambos, além do desconhecimento sobre a doença. A manifestação dos sintomas constituía causa de isolamento social, perdas de relações com as pessoas mais próximas, prejudicando de maneira significativa às atividades de trabalho, estudo e de convívio social. Após o uso da clozapina, antes de realizarem acompanhamento em grupo, os pacientes apresentaram expressiva melhora dos sintomas positivos da doença, principalmente no que se refere à agressividade. Entretanto, verificamos que as dificuldades nos relacionamentos, no trabalho, no estudo, nas atividades de convívio social e em outras atividades do cotidiano dos pacientes permaneceram. Foi possível verificar que após o uso da clozapina e acompanhamento em grupo houve melhora do relacionamento, antes difícil, diminuição da ansiedade e da agressividade, aumento da a auto-estima, da tolerância e força de vontade bem como fortalecimento dos vínculos familiares. O grupo em questão possibilitou que pacientes e familiares fossem orientados a reconhecer os sintomas da doença e os sinais prévios de efeitos colaterais concernentes ao tratamento. Evidencia-se, também, a importância do acolhimento, da amizade e do conforto encontrado no grupo, além do clima de solidariedade e segurança. Constatou-se, assim, que apesar das adversidades de um sistema de saúde ainda incipiente, profissionais parecem ainda investir nas possibilidades de encontro, buscando meios para a criação de novas realidades no cotidiano pacientes e seus familiares.<br>This descriptive, exploratory, assessment study of a qualitative nature has as it’s aim, to describe the daily life of the schizophrenic sufferer in three moments: before the use of clozapine; after clozapine use and after clozapine use and group follow-up. The population was made up of all the schizophrenia sufferers using clozapine and the most frequently accompanying relative that participated in the atypical medication group (GRUMA).Data was collected through tape recorded, semi structured interviews with patients and relatives using a previously prepared guideline. Afterwards the recorded interview was hand written by the researcher and a qualitative analysis based on the steps proposed by Minayo (1996) was carried out. The results obtained, showed that before the use of clozapine and group followup, unpredictable behaviour and overt aggressiveness were constant in the daily lives of the patients and their families, causing, in both, great psychological suffering as well as lack of know ledge about the disease. The manifestation of symptoms constituted cause for isolation, loss of relationships with close people affecting in a significant manner work, study and social living. After the use of clozapine, before beginning the folowup group, the patients presented expressive improvement of the positive and negative symptoms of the disease, principally in as far as agressiveness was concerned. However, it was found that the difficulties continued in relationships at work, in study pursuits, in social living activities as well as in the patient’s other daily talks. It was possible to verify that after the use of clozapine with the support of the followup group, there was an improvement in relationships that were difficult before, reduction of anxiety and agressiveness, thus increasing self respect, tolerance, willpower, as well as, the strenghthening of family ties. The group in question allowed the patients and relatives to be guided to recognize the symptoms of the disease and the previous signs of the collateral effects of the treatment. The importance of acceptance, of friendship and the comfort encountered in the group was also verified, as well as solidarity and security. It was also ascertained that inspite of the adversities of the still incipient health system, professionals still seem to invest in the possibilities of finding, looking for and of creating new realities in the daily lives of patients and their families.
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Wilkes, Susanna Jane Lawson. "An investigation into clozapine induced agranulocytosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336629.

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Tschen, Alice C. "The in vitro metabolism of clozapine, implications for an in vitro predictive test for clozapine-induced agranulocytosis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ28678.pdf.

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Hsu, Pei-Chun (Lisa). "Capillary electrophoresis improving clinical measurement of clozapine." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2260.

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Schizophrenia is a mental disorder affecting approximately one percent of the population worldwide. The introduction of the second generation antipsychotic drug, atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, has demonstrated 80% reduction in suicide incident. This drug showed effectiveness in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia, however, high concentrations of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine in plasma exhibit the development of agranulocytosis, a possible lethal blood disorder. Therefore, constant therapeutic drug monitoring is important for patients who receive clozapine. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the current assay for clinical clozapine measurement. A different assay, the capillary electrophoresis (CE) was explored in this study. It was found the use of a background electrolyte (BGE) concentration of 60 mM, pH at 2.5, temperature at 22 ℃, voltage applied at 10 kV and sample injection at 23 kV for 1.5 seconds is the optimal condition for clozapine separation using a fused-silica capillary 75 μm in internal diameter (i.d.). The use of 75 μm (i.d.) fused-silica capillary not only permits a larger sample size, but also provided longer detection pathlength which increased the limit of detection for CE. One hundred and eight patients’ samples were analysed by CE and compared with HPLC results obtained from the Canterbury Health Laboratory. A linear regression line of 1.100 was obtained. Seven External Quality Control (EQC) samples were also analysed and compared to the HPLC results gained from the EQC program world wide. A linear regression line of 1.008 and 1.043 were obtained from clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine separation respectively. The developed CE method has shown to be a valid assay for clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine separation and a more cost effective method compared to HPLC.
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Salmi, Peter. "Clozapine as a dopamine D1 receptor agonist /." Stockolm : Universitet Stockholms, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401175060.

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Raaska, Kari. "Pharmacokinetic interactions of clozapine in hospitalized patients." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/raaska/.

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Jolivel, Céline. "Etude médico-économique de la clozapine (Leponex (R)), neuroleptique atypique, dans le traitement des schizophrénies résistantes." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P054.

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Books on the topic "Clozapine"

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author, Taylor David, ed. Clozapine handbook. Dorsington: Lloyd-Reinhold Communications, 2013.

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1941-, Jones Barry, Lapierre Yvon D, Canadian Psychiatric Association Meeting, Royal Society of Medicine Services (Great Britain), and Sandoz Canada, eds. Clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A scientific update. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1992.

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Y, Meltzer Herbert, ed. Clozapine: A 5-year perspective and clinical recommendations. Memphis, TN: Physicians Postgraduate Press, 1996.

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Glennie, Judith. Pharmacoeconomic evaluations of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and risperidone in chronic schizophrenia. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, 1997.

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Lundberg, Tommie. Clozapine - an atypical neoroleptic: A pharmacokinetic, PET and clinical study. Uppsala: Uppsala University, 1995.

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Masellis, Mario. Pharmacogenetic analysis of serotonin receptors and clinical response to clozapine in schizophrenia patients. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Naber, D., F. Müller-Spahn, and F. G. Pajonk, eds. Clozapin. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60551-2.

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1954-, Watkins Linda R., and Maier Steven F, eds. Cytokines and pain. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies, and Business Rights. Marketing of Clozaril: Improved safety or barrier to access : hearing before the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies and Business Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, on the marketing of Clozaril, a drug for the treatment of schizophrenia, March 5, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Naber, Dieter, and Franz Müller-Spahn, eds. Clozapin Pharmakologie und Klinik eines atypischen Neuroleptikums. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93547-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clozapine"

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Courtney, John C., and Cristy Akins. "Clozapine." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 605. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1643.

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Courtney, John C., Cristy Akins, and Gonzalez Efrain. "Clozapine." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1643-2.

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Courtney, John C., Cristy Akins, and Efrain Antonio Gonzalez. "Clozapine." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 827. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1643.

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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola, et al. "Clozapine." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 305. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1621.

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Young, Stephanie, and Noreen Jakeman. "Clozapine." In Psychiatry: Breaking the ICE, 235–41. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557211.ch37.

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Freudenreich, Oliver. "Clozapine." In Psychotic Disorders, 231–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29450-2_17.

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McDougle, Christopher J., and Carolyn A. Doyle. "Clozapine." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 671–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_822.

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de Groot, Anton C. "Clozapine." In Monographs In Contact Allergy, 329. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003158004-154.

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McDougle, Christopher J., and Carolyn A. Doyle. "Clozapine." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 999–1000. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_822.

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Murthy, Sree Prathap Mohana. "Clozapine Treatment." In Get Through MRCPsych: Preparation for the CASC, Second edition, 125–31. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429073007-31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Clozapine"

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arias, sixto A., Jeffrey S. kwon, and Paul Cohen. "Clozapine-Induced Lymphocytic Alveolitis." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5666.

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Hua Chong, Dr Jun, and Dr Franz Eversheim. "Clozapine-induced reversible Brugada Syndrome." In Annual International Conferences on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr14.15.

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Brauner, M. L., C. Geffert, R. Lukačin, H. W. Clement, and C. Fleischhaker. "Clozapine Monitoring in Serum and Saliva." In XVth Symposium of the Task Force Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the AGNP. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1779553.

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"O-008 - CLOZAPINE TREATMENT AND ACUTE RELAPSE'S PREVENTION IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS PATIENTS." In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.o008.

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Objectives: to analyze prescription pattern of clozapine in dual diagnosis (DD) inpatients' and to find out if there was any association with acute relapses either from psychiatric symptoms or from substance use disorder. Material and Methods: a retrospective study was conducted with all patients admitted at Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Center for psychiatric inpatient treatment during a 4 months' period. Patients with a dual diagnosis at discharge were selected and their clinical files were screened to assess sociodemographic and clinical information. Results and conclusions: from a total of 536 inpatients, 17,5% had a dual diagnosis at discharge. Most frequent substance of abuse was alcohol, followed by cannabinoids, nicotine, cocaine, and opiates. Most frequent psychiatric diagnosis associated with substance use disorder was schizophrenia (50%), depressive disorder (17%) and bipolar disorder (10,6%). Clozapine was prescribed to 22,3% patients and a statistically significant association was found between clozapine prescription and prevention of acute relapses of psychiatric symptoms in DD patients. Although there was no significant association between prescription of clozapine versus other antipsychotic drugs in preventing relapses of substance use, there was found a larger than expected number of patients in clozapine that didn't have a relapse of substance use.
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Romanova, Olga, Dmitry Sundukov, Arkady Golubev, and Mikhail Blagonravov. "Forensic evaluation of the rate of development of ARDS in cases of poisoning with clozapine and baclofen." In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03aabda96.57249908.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of severe respiratory failure. Its etiology is associated with the impact of various aggression factors, which can be divided into direct and indirect.&#x0D; The aim of our study was to identify and compare histomorphological changes in the lungs in clozapine (150 mg/kg) and Baclofen (85 mg/kg) administration, depending on the conditions of use of these drugs. Experiments were conducted on outbreed male rats weighing 250–290 g and 20 weeks old. The animals were divided into 5 groups: the controls, Baclofen (85 mg/kg), clozapine (150 mg/kg), Baclofen (85 mg/kg and ethanol), clozapine (150 mg/kg) and ethanol.
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Chane-Kene, A., F. Plassart, O. Chauvel, C. Lamisse, and JL Pons. "4CPS-174 A new breath for clozapine …" In 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.323.

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Gupta, K., D. Mohan, and A. Agarwal. "Clozapine Induced Hypothermia: A Chilling Side Effect." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a4820.

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"ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTIVENESS OF CLOZAPINE IN DUAL PSYCHOSIS." In 8th World Congress of the World Association of Dual Disorders (WADD) and the 26th Congress of the Spanish Society of Dual Disorders SEPD. SEPD/WADD, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbookdualdisorders-co-028.

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"CLOZAPINA Y TABAQUISMO: RIESGO DE INTOXICACIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA EN EL PACIENTE FUMADOR EN TRATAMIENTO CON CLOZAPINA AL ABANDONAR EL HÁBITO TABÁQUICO." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p033s.

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1. Objetivo principal: - Determinar si existe riesgo de intoxicación por Clozapina en pacientes que cesan el hábito tabáquico en la práctica clínica. Objetivos secundarios: - Discutir riesgo/beneficio de disminuir dosis de Clozapina y a qué ritmo, con el objetivo de prevenir una intoxicación. - Identificar factores de riesgo que puedan influir: índice de paquetes – año, dosis de clozapina, edad, sexo o patologías previas. 2. Material y métodos: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de 90 artículos y abstrac en base de datos PubMed, utilizando como palabras clave: interaction, clozapine, levels, smoking, cessation and nicotine. 3.La clozapina es un antipsicótico atípico con indicación en esquizofrenia resistente. En la actualidad, se considera un fármaco de segunda línea en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia por efectos secundarios potencialmente graves (neutropenia grave, miocarditis, crisis convulsivas, sedación, síndrome neuroléptico maligno, entre otros). La Clozapina se mueve en un rango estrecho entre la toxicidad y los niveles terapéuticos. Además, al ser metabolizada principalmente por el citocromo P4501A2, es susceptible a numerosas interacciones farmacológicas. Existe una importante comorbilidad entre esquizofrenia y tabaquismo. Por su parte, el tabaco se considera un potente inductor del citocromo P4501A2. De tal manera que, los niveles de Clozapina en plasma pueden encontrarse disminuidos en un paciente fumador, precisando dosis más altas. El cese del hábito tabáquico en un paciente fumador en tratamiento con Clozapina provocaría una pérdida del efecto inductor del tabaco y, como consecuencia, un aumento de los niveles plasmáticos de Clozapina respecto a los previos. Este hecho ha sido documentado a nivel teórico y se ha propuesto la necesidad de disminuir la dosis de Clozapina. Si bien, existe controversia en la práctica clínica sobre qué porcentaje de dosis debe disminuirse, con el fin de evitar una intoxicación.
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Alex, Coldstream, Eissa Alyaa HA, Wiblin Louise, and Archibald Neil. "The palliative role of clozapine in advanced Parkinson’s disease." In ABN 2024 annual meeting abstracts, A31.3—A32. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2024-abn.102.

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Reports on the topic "Clozapine"

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Merino, Diane, Arnaud Fernandez, Alexandre Gérard, Nouha Ben Othman, Fanny Rocher, Florence Askenazy, Céline Verstuyft, Milou-Daniel Drici, and Susanne Thümmler. Protocol: Adverse Drug Reactions of Olanzapine, Clozapine and Loxapine in Children and Youth: A Systematic Pharmacogenetic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0025.

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Review question / Objective: In children and youth treated with olanzapine, clozapine, or loxapine and having undergone genotyping, which are the pharmacogenetic variants underlying the antipsychotics' adverse drug reactions and efficacy? What are the most frequently investigated adverse drug reactions and variants ? What is described about the specific effect of CYP1A2 variants ? Therefore, we aimed to review the pharmacogenetic variants underlying olanzapine, clozapine and loxapine ADRs and/or efficacy, in children and youth having undergone genotyping. Then, assessed the most frequently investigated ADRs and genetic polymorphisms in this population. Finally, we investigated the specific effect of CYP1A2 variants in the occurrence of ADRs and/or lack of therapeutic effect. Condition being studied: This review focuses on children, adolescents and youth treated with antipsychotics (olanzapine, clozapine, loxapine) and experienced adverse drug reactions.
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Metformin shows early promise for controlling clozapine-related weight gain. National Institute for Health Research, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000293.

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Uncertain benefit of adding amisulpiride to clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. National Institute for Health Research, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000504.

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