Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cloze Measure

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cloze Measure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cloze Measure"

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Trace, Jonathan. "Clozing the gap: How far do cloze items measure?" Language Testing 37, no. 2 (2019): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532219888617.

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Originally designed to measure reading and passage comprehension in L1 readers, cloze tests continue to be used for L2 assessment purposes. However, there remain disputes about whether or not cloze items can measure beyond local comprehension information, as well as whether or not they are purely a test of reading alone, or if performance can be generalized to broader claims about proficiency. The current study sets out to address both of these issues by drawing on a large pool of cloze items ( k = 449) taken from 15 cloze passages that were administered to 675 L1 and 2246 L2 examinees. In con
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Kleijn, Suzanne, Henk Pander Maat, and Ted Sanders. "Cloze testing for comprehension assessment: The HyTeC-cloze." Language Testing 36, no. 4 (2019): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532219840382.

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Although there are many methods available for assessing text comprehension, the cloze test is not widely acknowledged as one of them. Critiques on cloze testing center on its supposedly limited ability to measure comprehension beyond the sentence. However, these critiques do not hold for all types of cloze tests; the particular configuration of a cloze determines its validity. We review various cloze configurations and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. We propose a new cloze procedure specifically designed to gauge text comprehension: the Hybrid Text Comprehension cloze (HyTeC-cloze). It
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Jones, Michael, and Malcolm Smith. "Traditional and alternative methods of measuring the understandability of accounting narratives." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 27, no. 1 (2014): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-04-2013-1314.

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Purpose – The study aims to explore the use of alternative measures of “understandability” on accounting texts. This includes the meaning identification test (MIT) and the sentence verification technique (SVT), which have not previously been used by accounting researchers, as well as variants on the traditional Cloze tests such as the C-Test. Design/methodology/approach – This study focuses on the understandability of accounting texts and evaluates how reliable the Cloze test is as a measure of comprehension. An experiment was designed and conducted to measure users' performance with a variety
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Baghaei, Purya, and Hamdollah Ravand. "Method Bias in Cloze Tests as Reading Comprehension Measures." SAGE Open 9, no. 1 (2019): 215824401983270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019832706.

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In many reading comprehension tests, different test formats are employed. Two commonly used test formats to measure reading comprehension are sustained passages followed by some questions and cloze items. Individual differences in handling test format peculiarities could constitute a source of score variance. In this study, a bifactor Rasch model is applied to separate the cloze-specific variance in a reading comprehension test composed of sustained passages (plus questions) and a cloze passage. The results are compared with a unidimensional Rasch model where all items load on a single dimensi
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Jonz, John. "Another Turn in the Conversation: What Does Cloze Measure?" TESOL Quarterly 24, no. 1 (1990): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586852.

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McKenna, Michael C., and Kent Layton. "Concurrent validity of cloze as a measure of intersentential comprehension." Journal of Educational Psychology 82, no. 2 (1990): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.2.372.

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Eissa, Ibrahim, and Said Selim. "The Cloze Procedure as a Measure of Program Understanding.(Dept.E)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.176856.

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Chung, Eun Seon, and Soojin Ahn. "Examining Cloze Tests as a Measure of Linguistic Complexity in L2 Writing." Lanaguage Research 55, no. 3 (2019): 627–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30961/lr.2019.55.3.627.

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Ryoo, Young-sook. "Predictability of the Cloze Test as a Measure of Written Productive Vocabulary." Modern English Society 18, no. 4 (2017): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2017.18.4.02.

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Gamaroff, R. "The cloze test as a measure of language proficiency: a statistical analysis." South African Journal of Linguistics 16, no. 1 (1998): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10118063.1998.9724127.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cloze Measure"

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Mottaghinejad, Sarah Elizabeth. "Evaluating the Usefulness of an Aural Gapped Listening Summary as a Measure of Academic Listening Proficiency." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2210.

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For this project I sought to find a more effective means of evaluating academic listening comprehension. This involved doing an in-depth investigation of academic listening, the constructs involved in listening comprehension, and of methods of assessing listening comprehension. It also included a study of the concept of test usefulness (Bachman and Palmer, 1996), which consists of reliability, construct validity, authenticity, interactiveness, impact, and practicality, and is used to help select the most effective methods of assessing language abilities. Based on my review of listening compreh
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Sadeghi, Karim. "An investigation of cloze procedure as a measure of EFL reading comprehension with reference to educational context in Iran." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396614.

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Arocha, José F. (José Francisco). "Validation of clozure measures of reading comprehension." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63320.

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Ritson, Margaret E. "Development and evaluation of Cloze screening tests as measures of comprehension ability in adult readers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Education, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4068.

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This project was designed to develop an assessment appropriate to NZ adults with reading difficulties. It is intended to provide a reading: comprehension level with which teachers and tutors can make informed decisions on their students’ programmes. The research indicates that the Cloze technique is a reliable, valid and efficient method to assess reading comprehension. Passages of interest to adults were selected on their reading difficulties and trialled on subjects with a wide range in ages and reading abilities, based on a Gap or Gapadol test. Once item analysis was completed on the passag
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Reichl, Paul 1973. "Flow past a cylinder close to a free surface." Monash University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9212.

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Jhavar, Ashwin B. "Triggered-lightning properties inferred from measured currents and very close magnetic fields." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013160.

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Blockhurst, Peter, William Buselmeier, McKenzie Calhoun, et al. "How We Close the Gaps: Our Interprofessional Team Approach to Meeting Quality Measures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6893.

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Define the role/function of an interprofessional team in the management of complex outpatients. Identify the types of patients that would benefit most from a team-based approach. Implement elements of our team-based patient care model into individual practices.
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Ong, James Kwan Yau. "The predictability problem." Phd thesis, kostenfrei, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1502/.

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"A mobile agent clone detection system using general transferable E-cash and its specific implementation with Ferguson's E-coin." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891219.

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by Lam Tak-Cheung.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-66).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Evolution of the Mobile Agent Paradigm --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Beneficial Aspects of Mobile Agents --- p.3<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Security Threats of Mobile Agents --- p.4<br>Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.6<br>Chapter 2. --- Background of Cryptographic Theories --- p.7<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.7<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Encryption and De
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Schneider, Gavriel. "An examination of the required operational skills and training standards for a Close Protection Operative in South Africa." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/734.

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The aim of this study was to determine the current operational skills requirements for Close Protection Operatives (CPOs) in South Africa. Operational skills refer to those skills that are vital in order for a CPO to effectively protect a designated person (this person is referred to as the `Principal'). In order to determine any shortcomings in the Close Protection industry, twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with current operational CPOs. A detailed literature review was also done in order to create a solid platform for the research and to assist in the verification of the information
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Books on the topic "Cloze Measure"

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Kunchenko, I︠U︡ P. Polynomial parameter estimations of close to Gaussian random variables. Shaker, 2003.

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Benner, Mary. Close to you?: Bias and precision in patent-based measures of technological proximity. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Benner, Mary. Close to you?: Bias and precision in patent-based measures of technological proximity. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Md.) Human Factors Workshop: Improving Railroad Safety Through Understanding Close Calls (2003 Baltimore. Proceedings of the Human Factors Workshop, Improving Railroad Safety Through Understanding Close Calls: April 23-24, 2003, Baltimore, MD. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, 2004.

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Close calls: Managing risk and resilience in airline flight safety. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Amend the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act to Authorize Additional Measures to Carry Out the Control of Salinity Upstream of Imperial Dam in a Cost-effective Manner, and for Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Chemical and biological defense: Management actions are needed to close the gap between Army chemical unit preparedness and stated national priorities : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on National Security and International Relations, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives. U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2007.

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Using Data to Close the Achievement Gap: How to Measure Equity in Our Schools. Corwin Press, 2002.

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Using Data to Close the Achievement Gap: How to Measure Equity in Our Schools. Corwin Press, 2002.

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Cyber Security for Industrial Control Systems: From the Viewpoint of Close-Loop. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cloze Measure"

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Seth, Malini Chand. "Valuing Work: Time as a Measure." In Close Encounters of Another Kind: Women and Development Economics. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789353287672.n5.

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Armentia, J. E., M. J. Fernández-Figueroa, M. Cornide, E. Castro, and J. Fabregat. "Recent Measures of CaII H and K Chromospheric Fluxes in a Sample of RS CVn Systems." In Active Close Binaries. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0679-2_41.

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Egner, Björn, Hubert Heinelt, and Detlef Sack. "How to Measure the Autonomy, Coherence and Relevance of Local State-Society Relations." In Close Ties in European Local Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44794-6_3.

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Alrabbaa, Christian, Franz Baader, Stefan Borgwardt, Patrick Koopmann, and Alisa Kovtunova. "Finding Good Proofs for Description Logic Entailments using Recursive Quality Measures." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_17.

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AbstractLogic-based approaches to AI have the advantage that their behavior can in principle be explained to a user. If, for instance, a Description Logic reasoner derives a consequence that triggers some action of the overall system, then one can explain such an entailment by presenting a proof of the consequence in an appropriate calculus. How comprehensible such a proof is depends not only on the employed calculus, but also on the properties of the particular proof, such as its overall size, its depth, the complexity of the employed sentences and proof steps, etc. For this reason, we want to determine the complexity of generating proofs that are below a certain threshold w.r.t. a given measure of proof quality. Rather than investigating this problem for a fixed proof calculus and a fixed measure, we aim for general results that hold for wide classes of calculi and measures. In previous work, we first restricted the attention to a setting where proof size is used to measure the quality of a proof. We then extended the approach to a more general setting, but important measures such as proof depth were not covered. In the present paper, we provide results for a class of measures called recursive, which yields lower complexities and also encompasses proof depth. In addition, we close some gaps left open in our previous work, thus providing a comprehensive picture of the complexity landscape.
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Maung, Hsu Latt, Kuo Chieh Cha, Ochok Duangsano, and Noppadol Phien-Wej. "Close proximity tunnelling and measures adopted in MRTA Orange Line – East project." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2184-3_46.

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Hu, Lingzhi, Hua Pan, and Samuel A. Wickline. "Fluorine (19F) MRI to Measure Renal Oxygen Tension and Blood Volume: Experimental Protocol." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_31.

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AbstractFluorinated compounds feature favorable toxicity profile and can be used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Fluorine nucleus from fluorinated compounds exhibit well-known advantages of being a high signal nucleus with a natural abundance of its stable isotope, a convenient gyromagnetic ratio close to that of protons, and a unique spectral signature with no detectable background at clinical field strengths. Perfluorocarbon core nanoparticles (PFC NP) are a class of clinically approved emulsion agents recently applied in vivo for ligand-targeted molecular imaging. The objective of this chapter is to outline a multinuclear 1H/19F MRI protocol for functional kidney imaging in rodents for mapping of renal blood volume and oxygenation (pO2) in renal disease models.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by a separate chapter describing the basic concept of functional imaging using fluorine (19F) MR methods.
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Duru, Deniz N., Hans-Jörg Trenz, and Thomas Spejlborg Sejersen. "The Danish Welfare State and Transnational Solidarity in Times of Crisis." In Transnational Solidarity in Times of Crises. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49659-3_8.

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Abstract This chapter investigates transnational solidarity action across the fields of unemployment, disability and immigration in Denmark. It discusses how solidarity is manifested and organised by civil society, focusing on 30 qualitative interviews conducted with the so-called transnational solidarity organisations (TSOs). The chapter explores solidarity challenges that Danish TSOs were facing in the context of the welfare retrenchment and the structural reform in 2007, as well as the 2008 financial crisis and the migration crisis of 2015. Our interviews confirm that the effects of the financial crisis, austerity measures and the migration crisis were not easy to separate from the welfare retrenchment in the Danish system. These recent changes to the welfare state have been experienced as dramatic as they have loosened the traditionally close ties between the Danish civil society and municipalities in providing welfare services. The voluntary sector has, in response, become more political, not only providing services to affected groups but also increasingly seeking to defend their social rights, as well as entering into conflict with the government.
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Rocklin, Edward L. "Measured Endings: How Productions from 1720 to 1929 Close Shakespeare’s Open Silences in Measure for Measure." In Shakespeare Survey. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521781140.018.

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Krishnan, Kannan M. "Scanning Probe Microscopy." In Principles of Materials Characterization and Metrology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830252.003.0011.

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Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) scans a fine tip close to a surface and measures the tunneling current (STM) or force (SFM), based on many possible tip-surface interactions. STM provides atomic resolution imaging, or the local electronic structure (spectroscopy) as a function of bias voltage, and is also used to manipulate adsorbed atoms on a clean surface. STM operates in two modes— constant current or height—and requires a conducting specimen. SFM uses a cantilever (force sensor) to measure short range (&lt; 1 nm) chemical, and a variety of long-range (&lt; 100 nm) forces, depending on the tip and the specimen; a conducting specimen is not required. In static mode, the tip height is controlled to maintain a constant force, and measure surface topography. In dynamic mode, changes in the vibrational properties of the cantilever are measured using frequency, amplitude, or phase modulation as feedback to control the tip-surface distance and form the image. Dynamic imaging includes contact and non-contact modes, but intermittent contact or tapping mode is common. SPMs measure properties (optical, acoustic, conductance, electrochemical, capacitance, thermal, magnetic, etc.) using appropriate tips, and find applications in the physical and life sciences. They are also used for nanoscale lithography.
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Vasalou, Sophia. "Introduction." In The Measure of Greatness. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840688.003.0013.

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‘We all love great men … nay can we honestly bow down to anything else?’ So wrote Thomas Carlyle in a well-known set of lectures running under the title On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History.<sup>1</sup> It is as good a place as any to open a conversation about that singular virtue—a virtue of greatness and great men—to which this volume is dedicated. Carlyle himself may not have had the virtue of greatness of soul or magnanimity specifically in mind when he launched his investigation of the hero. But it is a virtue that has often been understood to bear an especially close relation to the heroic, a relation to which it owes some of its strongest tensions but also the deepest roots of its power to fascinate....
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Conference papers on the topic "Cloze Measure"

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Yu, Xiaohan, and Baozong Yuan. "A new statistical texture feature: direction measure." In Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294281.

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Hu, Bin, Yijian Wu, Xin Peng, Jun Sun, Nanjie Zhan, and Jun Wu. "Assessing Code Clone Harmfulness: Indicators, Factors, and Counter Measures." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saner50967.2021.00029.

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Baeza, Juan, David Valencia, and Antonio Baeza. "Use of Drones for Remote Management of the Close Measure of Radioactivity Sources." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8518180.

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Patil, Ritesh V., Shashank D. Joshi, Sachin V. Shinde, and V. Khanna. "An effective approach using dissimilarity measures to estimate software code clone." In 2015 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Signals, Communication and Optimization (EESCO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eesco.2015.7253734.

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Sowmya, P., and Madhumita Chatterjee. "Detection of Fake and Clone accounts in Twitter using Classification and Distance Measure Algorithms." In 2020 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp48568.2020.9182353.

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Timofeeva, A. Yu, T. V. Avdeenko, E. S. Makarova, and M. Sh Murtazina. "Combined use of correlation measures for selecting semantically close concepts of the ontology." In IV International Conference on "Information Technology and Nanotechnology" 2018. Samara National Research University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/1613-0073-2018-2212-349-358.

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Singh, Narotam, Sheetal Varshney, and Amita Kapoor. "Centrality measures in close group of adolescent females and their association with individual character strengths." In 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2016.7752314.

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Matta, Lawrence M. "Experimental Response of Steel Pipelines to Close Trench Blasting." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64226.

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When protecting pipelines from third party activities, it is beneficial for operators to apply very conservative criteria for safe blasting. Recently, however, demands for increased capacity have required adding pipelines to existing rights-of-way, often close to or between existing pipelines. In these cases, overly-conservative blasting criteria can result in significant expenses and delays. The reported tests supply blasting stress data on full-scale pipes configured to simulate trenching in close proximity and parallel to an existing pipeline. Two sets of tests have been performed at a loca
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Abdullah, Noormaizzattul Akmaliza, Mohd Azwan Mohamad Hamza, and Al-Fahim Mubarak Ali. "A Review on Distance Measure Formula for Enhancing Match Detection Process of Generic Code Clone Detection Model in Java Application." In 2021 International Conference on Software Engineering & Computer Systems and 4th International Conference on Computational Science and Information Management (ICSECS-ICOCSIM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsecs52883.2021.00132.

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Abdullah, Noormaizzattul Akmaliza, Mohd Azwan Mohamad Hamza, and Al-Fahim Mubarak Ali. "A Review on Distance Measure Formula for Enhancing Match Detection Process of Generic Code Clone Detection Model in Java Application." In 2021 International Conference on Software Engineering & Computer Systems and 4th International Conference on Computational Science and Information Management (ICSECS-ICOCSIM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsecs52883.2021.00058.

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Reports on the topic "Cloze Measure"

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Benner, Mary, and Joel Waldfogel. Close to You? Bias and Precision in Patent-Based Measures of Technological Proximity. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13322.

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Fontanari, Claudia, Antonella Palumbo, and Chiara Salvatori. The Updated Okun Method for Estimation of Potential Output with Broad Measures of Labor Underutilization: An Empirical Analysis. Institute for New Economic ThinkingInstitute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp158.

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This paper extends to different indicators of labor underutilization the Updated Okun Method (UOM) for estimation of potential output proposed in Fontanari et al (2020), which, from a demand-led growth perspective, regards potential output as an empirical approximation to full-employment output, as in A.M.Okun’s (1962) original method. Based on the apparent incapability of the official rate of unemployment to fully account for labor underutilization, in this paper we offer estimates of Okun’s law both with broad unemployment indicators and with an indicator of ‘standardized hours worked’ which
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Wilfred, Wan. Nuclear Escalation Strategies and Perceptions: The United States, the Russian Federation, and China. UNIDIR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/21/nrr/02.

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This study is the first in a series that profiles different “friction points” among nuclear-armed and nuclear-allied States, examining issues of contention in their relations that can spark potential conflict and nuclear escalation. It considers the multipolar dynamics between the United States, the Russian Federation, and China, and examines how fundamental mistrust among the three filters into their readings of each other’s nuclear strategies, with the potential to have an impact on escalatory risk scenarios. It then outlines a series of recommendations for the ‘great powers’ to bridge strat
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Douglas, Thomas, Merritt Turetsky, and Charles Koven. Increased rainfall stimulates permafrost thaw across a variety of Interior Alaskan boreal ecosystems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41050.

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Earth’s high latitudes are projected to experience warmer and wetter summers in the future but ramifications for soil thermal processes and permafrost thaw are poorly understood. Here we present 2750 end of summer thaw depths representing a range of vegetation characteristics in Interior Alaska measured over a 5-year period. This included the top and third wettest summers in the 91-year record and three summers with precipitation close to mean historical values. Increased rainfall led to deeper thaw across all sites with an increase of 0.7 ± 0.1 cm of thaw per cm of additional rain. Disturbed
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Meadow, Alison, and Gigi Owen. Planning and Evaluating the Societal Impacts of Climate Change Research Projects: A guidebook for natural and physical scientists looking to make a difference. The University of Arizona, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/10150.658313.

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As scientists, we aim to generate new knowledge and insights about the world around us. We often measure the impacts of our research by how many times our colleagues reference our work, an indicator that our research has contributed something new and important to our field of study. But how does our research contribute to solving the complex societal and environmental challenges facing our communities and our planet? The goal of this guidebook is to illuminate the path toward greater societal impact, with a particular focus on this work within the natural and physical sciences. We were inspire
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Niles, John, and J. M. Pogodzinski. TOD and Park-and-Ride: Which is Appropriate Where? Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1820.

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Despite the sharp drop in transit ridership throughout the USA that began in March 2020, two different uses of land near transit stations continue to be implemented in the United States to promote ridership. Since 2010, transit agencies have given priority to multi-family residential construction referred to as transit oriented development (TOD), with an emphasis on housing affordability. In second place for urban planners but popular with suburban commuters is free or inexpensive parking near rail or bus transit centers, known as park-and-ride (PnR). Sometimes, TOD and PnR are combined in the
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.

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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, v
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8

Financial Stability Report - First Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.1sem.eng-2020.

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In the face of the multiple shocks currently experienced by the domestic economy (resulting from the drop in oil prices and the appearance of a global pandemic), the Colombian financial system is in a position of sound solvency and adequate liquidity. At the same time, credit quality has been recovering and the exposure of credit institutions to firms with currency mismatches has declined relative to previous episodes of sudden drops in oil prices. These trends are reflected in the recent fading of red and blue tonalities in the performance and credit risk segments of the risk heatmaps in Grap
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9

Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new ind
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