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Hwang, Jinsoo, Heesup Han, and Seung-woo Choo. "A strategy for the development of the private country club: focusing on brand prestige." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, no. 8 (November 9, 2015): 1927–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2014-0353.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine the antecedents and consequences of brand prestige in the private country club industry. More specifically, it was proposed that five attributes of a private country club form brand prestige: golf course conditions, service quality during a round, food and beverage cart service, golf shop and clubhouse food and beverage service. In addition, it was also hypothesized that brand prestige can result in three managerial outcomes: social value, brand attachment and brand loyalty. During the theory-building process, it was proposed that brand consciousness moderates the relationship between brand prestige and its outcome variables. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the theoretical relationships between the conceptual constructs, a model was proposed and then tested utilizing data collected from 290 amateur golfers in the USA. Findings – Data analysis results show that four attributes of a private country club (all except for food and beverage cart service) help to enhance brand prestige and, thus, aid in the creation of social value, brand attachment and brand loyalty. Lastly, brand consciousness plays a moderating role in the relationship between brand prestige and brand loyalty. Practical implications – First, private country clubs are required to consider golf course management before (e.g. hiring top golf architects) and after operating the club (e.g. hiring competent golf course managers). Second, private country clubs need golf course rangers with much experience who can properly manage pace of play. Third, the golf shop needs to prepare diverse souvenirs that well symbolize the private country club. Fourth, the clubhouse at private country clubs needs to provide services at the same level as that found in fine dining restaurants. Originality/value – Despite the important role played by the prestigious image, no research has attempted to empirically test its influence on the private country club industry. Therefore, this study is the first to apply the concept of brand prestige to the private country club industry. In this regard, the study extends the existing literature on brand prestige by finding the antecedents and consequences in the private country club industry.
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Akram, Vaseem, Pradipta Kumar Sahoo, and Badri Narayan Rath. "A sector-level analysis of output club convergence in case of a global economy." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 4 (February 25, 2020): 747–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2019-0103.
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PurposeThis paper investigates the per-capita output club convergence in case of 120 countries for the period 1995–2015. Further, we disaggregate per-capita output into three broad sectors such as agriculture, industry, and service and investigate the convergence hypothesis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper tests this hypothesis using the Phillips and Sul panel club convergence technique.FindingsOur findings are as follows: (1) our results indicate the evidence of output divergence for the full sample; (2) when countries are divided into different clubs, the results exhibit the sign of per capita output club convergence both for aggregate and three major sectors. Further, this study confirms that industry's per capita output is the main driver for aggregate per-capita output club convergence in case of club 1. For club 2, agriculture's per capita output is a primary source for aggregate per capita output club convergence. Likewise, in the case of clubs 3 and 4, we find the service sector's per capita output is the main component for aggregate per-capita output club convergence; (3) both the service and industry sectors are major drivers for aggregate per-capita output club convergence.Practical implicationsThis study suggests to the policymaker that sector-specific policies need to be adopted to boost the per-capita output growth by improving the performance of each of the sectors across the countries.Originality/valueNotwithstanding, there are many studies that examine the output convergence using a notion of beta and sigma convergence, but studies regarding per capita output club convergence both at the aggregate and sectoral level are scanty.
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Wills, Jeanie, and Krystl Raven. "The founding five: transformational leadership in the New York League of Advertising Women’s club, 1912–1926." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 12, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-04-2019-0015.
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Purpose This paper uses archival documents to begin to recover a history of women’s leadership in the advertising industry. In particular, this paper aims to identify the leadership styles of the first five presidents of the New York League of Advertising Women’s (NYLAW) club. Their leadership from 1912 to 1926 set the course for and influenced the culture of the New York League. These five women laid the foundations of a social club that would also contribute to the professionalization of women in advertising, building industry networks for women, forging leadership and mentorship links among women, providing advertising education exclusively for women and, finally, bolstering women’s status in all avenues of advertising. The first five presidents were, of course, different characters, but each exhibited the traits associated with “transformational leaders,” leaders who prepare the “demos” for their own leadership roles. The women’s styles converged with their situational context to give birth to a women’s advertising club that, like most clubs, did charity work and hosted social events, but which was developed by the first five presidents to give women the same kinds of professional opportunities as the advertising men’s clubs provided their membership. The first five presidents of the Advertising League had strong prior professional credibility because of the careers they had constructed for themselves among the men who dominated the advertising field in the first decade of the 20th century. As presidents of the NYLAW, they advocated for better jobs, equal rights at work and better pay for women working in the advertising industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on women’s advertising archival material from the Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe and Wisconsin Historical Society to argue that the five founding mothers of the NYLAW provided what can best be described as transformational feminist leadership, which resulted in building an effective club for their members and setting it on a trajectory of advocacy and education that would benefit women in the advertising industry for the next several decades. These women did not refer to themselves as “leaders,” they probably would not have considered their work in organizing the New York club an exercise in leadership, nor might they have called themselves feminists or seen their club as a haven for feminist work. However, by using modern leadership theories, the study can gain insight into how these women instantiated feminist ideals through a transformational leadership paradigm. Thus, the historical documents provide insight into the leadership roles and styles of some of the first women working in American advertising in the early parts of the 20th century. Findings Archival documents from the women’s advertising clubs can help us to understand women’s leadership practices and to reconstruct a history of women’s leadership in the advertising industry. Eight years before women in America could vote, the first five presidents shared with the club their wealth of collective experience – over two decades worth – as advertising managers, copywriters and space buyers. The first league presidents oversaw the growth of an organization would benefit both women and the advertising industry when they proclaimed that the women’s clubs would “improve the level of taste, ethics and knowledge throughout the communications industry by example, education and dissemination of information” (Dignam, 1952, p. 9). In addition, the club structure gave ad-women a collective voice which emerged through its members’ participation in building the club and through the rallying efforts of transformational leaders. Social implications Historically, the advertising industry in the USA has been “pioneered” by male industry leaders such as Claude Hopkins, Albert Lasker and David Ogilvy. However, when the authors look to archival documents, it was found that women have played leadership roles in the industry too. Drawing on historical methodology, this study reconstructs a history of women’s leadership in the advertising and marketing industries. Originality/value This paper helps to understand how women participated in leadership roles in the advertising industry, which, in turn, enabled other women to build careers in the industry.
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RUSU, AZIRA, and DAYANG AFFIZZAH AWANG MARIKAN. "Productivity Convergence of High-Tech Automotive Industry in Asian." Trends in Undergraduate Research 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): g1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.1466.2019.
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This study is attempting to study the convergence of high-technology productivity of the automotive industry in Asia. This study uses time series data collected from 10 Asian countries from 2002-2016. In addition, this study was tested using the panel method proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007a), to identify whether the convergence of automotive technology high-tech productivity convergence or divergence. The results for full panel convergence in this study show divergence. However, in this study there were three convergence clubs found. The first clubs are Japan, South Korea and Thailand, the second club is Indonesia and Iran while the third club is Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines. This study suggests that governments need to play an important role to implement good policies to attract more Asian countries to work with each other. This study can be summarized that economies in Asian countries experience different levels of development and the shift in economic behaviour is very different among Asian countries.
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Tamayo, David. "From Rotary Club to Sowers of Friendship." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 36, no. 1-2 (2020): 68–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.1-2.68.
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This article examines the political activism of conservative civil society in postrevolutionary Mexico through the lens of American service clubs. It focuses on the case of the Rotary Club of Monterrey, which gathered the city's industrial elites and some of the most vocal opponents of the Mexican state, particularly the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40). Monterrey is significant because of its economic and political clout; by the 1930s, it was the powerhouse of heavy industry and in the 1940s a key center of support for the Partido Acción Nacional. After Monterrey Rotarians dissolved their club in 1936, following a disagreement with Rotary International's policy against political involvement, they regrouped and established throughout Mexico the only service club that blended pro-business goals with right-wing hispanidad ideology: the Club Sembradores de Amistad. This story illustrates how conservative civil society in Mexico adopted seemingly contradictory transnational influences (Catholic Hispanist thought and American service clubs) to challenge the postrevolutionary state in a less confrontational way.
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Morosan, Cristian, and Agnes DeFranco. "Understanding the actual use of mobile devices in private clubs in the US." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 5, no. 3 (October 14, 2014): 278–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-07-2014-0022.
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Purpose – This paper aims to identify systematic ways of linking club members’ behavioral and demographic characteristics to their use of mobile devices in clubs. While the traditional private club experience is characterized by intensive personalization and face-to-face interactions, clubs are increasingly deploying information technology (IT) tools to optimize some of their internal processes and offer a better value proposition to their members. Design/methodology/approach – Based on data from 737 actual club members from the USA, this research used a series of logistic regressions to reveal the manner in which a series of behavioral and demographic variables can be used to predict the likelihood of use of mobile devices in clubs for specific club-related tasks. Findings – This research revealed that there are differences between the two main types of clubs (i.e. golf/country and city/athletic), as well as differences among club members residing in different regions of the USA in the manner in which members use mobile devices for club-related tasks. Research limitations/implications – This research offers a number of notable theoretical contributions. This research uses actual mobile device use data from actual club members in the USA. In addition, this research offers a comprehensive operationalization of the actual mobile use behaviors in clubs, and offers a methodological blueprint for predicting mobile device user behavior using easily collectable variables. Practical implications – This research provides specific suggestions to pinpoint the mobile technology deployment in clubs according to behavioral and demographic profile criteria. Social implications – This research could lead to feasible segmentation procedures and explicates the increasing role of mobile devices within the contemporary society. Originality/value – This research addresses a novel research topic in an industry characterized by a grave lack of research on IT.
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Bekarev, A. M., and O. A. Sulina. "FITNESS TRAINER AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF NEW PROFESSION IN RUSSIA." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-2-141-146.
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The goal of research is to reveal the main aspects of fitness-industry in domestic research, as well as to analyze the popularity of the fitness coaching profession among young people. In a set of basic motives for visiting fitness clubs there is the desire to maintain good shape, weight loss. About 40% of men say that going to a fitness club gives them greater self-confidence, a sense of self-worth, and 38% of women point out the possibility of making friends and acquaintances as one of the reasons for visiting a fitness room. Therefore, apart from the function of maintaining body tone (wellness), fitness clubs also have a connecting social function. Domestic research into the fitness industry began to emerge relatively recently - at the turn of the last century. This is due to the fact that the first fitness clubs in Russia began to appear only in the 90s. The largest such club, which first opened in Russia in 1993 and met the world standards, was the fitness club World Class. That was the beginning of the development of the fitness industry in Russia and the CIS countries and the popularization of the profession of fitness coach. The present research is devoted to studying the formation of fitness services in Russia, as well as the reasons for the popularity of the profession of fitness coach in modern conditions. The empirical basis was a series of in-depth interviews with 18 fitness trainers (3 of them are owners, some of them combine coaching work), which were conducted in Nizhny Novgorod in the period from September 2016 to March 2017. The survey was conducted in the most popular chain fitness clubs of the city: "World Class", "Sparta", "JAM-Sport", "Elat", "FizKult", as well as FOC "Athletic".
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Bull, Mike, and Geoff Whittam. "Sustainable value creation? Entrepreneurial orientations in the football industry." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 27, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2020-0498.
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PurposeIn this paper the authors investigate precarious value creation in English football clubs. They examine strategic, economic, cultural and social capital to analyse the orientations of legal owners of football clubs (entrepreneurs) and the implications for moral owners (the fans). Their research question is not if entrepreneurs create value – but whether the value created is productive or destructive.Design/methodology/approachThe research design is a case study of the professional football industry, specifically 44 football clubs in the top two professional divisions in England, namely the English Premier League and the English Football League Championship. The authors’ methodology is secondary textual data. Their approach is to examine official club statements, triangulated with regional and national press reports, fan accounts and narratives from published artefacts; fan blogs and websites.FindingsThe “opening up” of the professional football industry in England to market forces in 1983 has subsequently attracted entrepreneurs that use football clubs as artefacts to pursue other business interests. Over-grazing on strategic and economic capital at the expense and exploitation of social and cultural capital exists. As entrepreneurial opportunities to exploit a football club's assets becomes more apparent, the unique relationship between club and fan is being strained. The authors observe detachment, disenchantment and protest.Research limitations/implicationsThe data sought for this study design was necessarily in the public domain and therefore drawn from secondary sources. The scope was English football and the top two divisions, thus the findings are context specific to that region and level.Practical implicationsFor policy, the authors call for a new government inquiry into football ownership in English football, re-examining heritage, purpose and value creation.Social implicationsFootball fans are the majority stakeholder in the football industry but are under-represented in English football because of the private ownership of football clubs. Fans are, however, a barometer for how their owners are acting as custodians of their clubs and if the value created by entrepreneurs is productive or exploitative.Originality/valueThis paper has value in drawing attention to this unique and ignored industry from an entrepreneurship perspective, provoking a call for further research to explore this phenomenon. Sustainable value creation may be a useful framework for further research in this and other industries.
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Horton, Brett W., and Michael J. O’Fallon. "Employee Wellness in the Private Club Industry." Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism 10, no. 3 (July 2011): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2011.555880.
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King, Alf. "Join the club: contract research for industry." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 108, no. 7-8 (October 22, 2008): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1992.tb01465.x.
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Annaraud, Katerina, and David Yaojen Chang. "SAS #112 and the Private Club Industry." Journal of Hospitality Financial Management 16, no. 1 (March 2008): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10913211.2008.10653851.
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Schmidgall, Raymond S., and Agnes DeFranco. "2010 Financial Performance in the Club Industry." Journal of Hospitality Financial Management 19, no. 2 (September 2011): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10913211.2011.10653915.
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Ginesta, Xavier, Toni Sellas, and Mireia Canals. "Chinese Investments in Spanish Football: A Case Study of RCD Espanyol New Management Trends After Rastar Purchase." Communication & Sport 7, no. 6 (September 19, 2018): 752–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479518802332.
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The global football industry is changing clubs’ corporate identities. Historically, European football had strong local roots; sport organizations represented local values and fandom were regionally based. However, sporting competitiveness pushes clubs to search for new investors, and foreign investors in Europe are attracted by the popularity of European football. In this article, we analyse how Chinese capital and brands arrived in Barcelona, through the negotiations of a football club in 2016: the Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol (RCDE). RCDE is the club that has received the second most trophies in Catalonia, after FC Barcelona, since the beginning of the 20th century. Today, it has one of the most modern stadiums in Spain, designed using a business approach, and has become a corporate ambassador for the Chinese government’s strategy of becoming a “world football superpower” by 2050. Using a case study approach, this article analyses management and corporate identity changes in the organization due to the new Chinese owner: the Rastar Group.
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Moseley, Katrina-Louise. "Slimming One’s Way to a Better Self? Weight Loss Clubs and Women in Britain, 1967–1990." Twentieth Century British History 31, no. 4 (August 23, 2019): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwz034.
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Abstract Following the arrival of Weight Watchers UK in 1967, slimming clubs expanded rapidly in Britain in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Initially aimed at, and founded by, women, these organizations were complex emotional spaces in which female entrepreneurship and homosociality would unfold. Looking afresh at the relationship between women and commercialized weight loss, this article provides the first detailed study of the rise of the slimming club in mid-to-late-twentieth-century Britain. Slimming clubs proved lucrative business opportunities for some women; moreover, as homosocial spaces intersecting with women’s everyday lives, they had the potential to be emotionally and psychologically empowering. A history of these organizations thus complicates feminist critiques of the slimming industry. This article draws on a variety of historical sources to piece together this forgotten history, including contemporary slimming guides, newspaper ‘before-and-after’ features, and oral history interviews with industry professionals and former slimming club members. Though members recognized that the commercial promise of transformation was shot through with contradictions, simultaneously, slimming clubs sparked enjoyment in being in the female body and provided a space away from domesticity.
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Hardin, Robin, James Bemiller, and Joshua Pate. "Development and Organization of a Student-Operated Sport Management Cocurricular Club: Partners in Sports." Sport Management Education Journal 7, no. 1 (October 2013): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.7.1.43.
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Experiential learning is a critical component to a college education in the area of sport management as students must enter the workforce with hands-on industry experience. One experiential learning tool is a cocurricular club that offers volunteer work experience for sport management majors. The University of Tennessee’s Partners in Sports is an example of a sport management cocurricular club that prepares students for working in the sport industry through volunteer experiences. The purpose of this study was to provide a governance and organizational framework of a student-operated sport management cocurricular club and explore how it fits into the Foster Five-Step Experiential Learning Model (Foster & Dollar, 2010). This study examines the governance, student involvement, leadership, opportunities, financials, and yearly activities of Partners in Sports and offers practical applications for each area. The exploration revealed that a cocurricular club fits on the Volunteer Exploration step of the Foster Five-Step Experiential Learning Model as it introduces students to the sport industry by offering experiential learning opportunities. Providing a cocurricular club allows sport management programs to maximize initial industry exposure to students.
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Blumrodt, Jens. "Enhancing Football Brands Brand Equity." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 5 (August 27, 2014): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i5.8807.
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The sport entertainment industry has its most famous representative in Europe. Hundreds of professional football clubs are playing in their European football leagues. They attract supporters in front of the screen and in stadiums. The clubs in competitions are medium sized companies. They are competing and working together while they are delivering their core service, the game on the ground. The spectator can be considered as an important budget line for all clubs. Budgets are nevertheless often not balanced and stadium attendance is underdeveloped. We conducted research within two different football nations, France and Germany. Four clubs were in the sample and interviews with the management were carried out. The conceptual approach was based on brand image theories. Football clubs are specific sport brands. Brand image elements attract spectators into the stadium for those brands. These elements can explain the purchase intentions of season tickets and merchandising products. Our research revealed that common elements and differences exist between the clubs, each club having a brand identity. We identified which elements lead to purchase intentions and made best practices evident. The importance of the game is often overestimated by a clubs management. The game and the attractiveness of the stadium are important, but not the only factors explaining stadium attendance. The club has also to be a good club in the community, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes a crucial issue.
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Andrew, Richard, and Ian Nurpatria Suryawan. "STUDI LITERASI PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN KLUB SEPAKBOLA DI INDONESIA." MODUS 27, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/modus.v27i2.555.
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Abstract Football is the most popular sport in the World and in Indonesia. However, it seems that at the moment many difculties and challenges occur in Indonesian sport industry that impede the development. Another problem that become serious issue is the dispute between Indonesian Football Association with the Indonesian Ministry of Youth and Sports. The issue grows since there was an organizational problem within Indonesian League clubs from Surabaya and Malang East Java Indonesia. Based on some similar event abroad, those kinds of issues should be resolved with an integrated management system within Indonesian Football Club. The main purpose of this literacy study is to improve the quality of football club management in Indonesian Football Clubs as an alternative to the development of tourism in Indonesia.Keywords: Football, Management, PSSI, Tourism.
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Kijek, Arkadiusz, Tomasz Kijek, and Anna Nowak. "Club convergence of labour productivity in agriculture: Evidence from EU countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 9 (September 26, 2020): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/178/2020-agricecon.
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This paper studies club convergence in relation to labour productivity in the agriculture industry of 28 European Union countries for the period 2005 to 2018. The countries were divided into three groups which were homogeneous in terms of level of development in the agricultural sector. The presence of convergence in the groups of countries was verified by using a panel-data model of conditional β-convergence. Then, convergence processes were investigated within clubs of countries. Convergence processes took place in the groups of countries with low and medium levels of labour productivity. In the club of countries where labour productivity was high, opposite processes (i.e. divergence) were observed.
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Balliauw, Matteo, Thomas Verlinden, Lisa De Croocq, Aline Fobe, and Tomas Van Den Spiegel. "A strategic managerial approach to corporate sports hospitality: the case of Belgian football." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-06-2018-0200.
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Purpose Corporate sports hospitality (CSH) is a relationship marketing tool whereby customers and other stakeholders are invited by a company buying CSH from a club to attend a sports event. The CSH product involves premium seating and optional services such as catering. This industry has been perceived to be in decline, especially in times of economic downturn. The purposes of this paper are a quantification of the CSH industry’s value and the development of a formal CSH management process for both companies and clubs. Design/methodology/approach A case study from the highest division in Belgian football (soccer) is conducted, involving interviews and quantitative data collection as the primary data source, in addition to secondary data and insights from the literature. As opposed to literature, this paper uses a holistic approach, combining the perspective of the club and the CSH buying company with attention for customers. Findings CSH returns account for an important share of club revenues (>10%), despite the smaller market compared to the American major sports leagues. Since a club experiences the strongest competitive impact from substitutes and other clubs in the league, and CSH is often managed on an ad hoc base, disposing of a formal management process is crucial for both clubs and companies. For companies buying CSH, not only return on investment but also return on other objectives matters. Moreover, CSH is at least as effective to deepen existing business relationships as to create new ones. Research limitations/implications The paper provides clubs and companies with a theoretic background and practical key performance indicators (KPIs) to base their managerial decisions on. Although external validity to other Belgian venue-based sports can reasonably be assumed, translating the findings to other countries or non-venue based sports requires caution. Originality/value Little academic research about the CSH industry is available. Specific KPIs to define objectives and measure output, as well as feedback loops for clubs and companies, are developed. The proposed CSH management process follows the same high-level steps, but with different specific actions per actor, leading to a better understanding of similarities and differences of both processes, and a better co-creation of the CSH event.
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Василенок, Павел, and Pavel Vasilenok. "Features of economic analysis and management in the sports industry." Russian Journal of Management 6, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c76b0f011c983.14672681.
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The article presents a study of the features of economic analysis and its application in the sports industry on the example of the balance of JSC "Football club "Spartak-Moscow", financial management of the sports club. Also, the study of methods of grouping assets and liabilities and the search for the most appropriate method of analysis of liquidity balance for the sports industry.
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Suparna, Suparna, and Tubagus Fathul Rizki Khoironi. "ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN MANCHESTER UNITED PLC SEBELUM DAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Distribusi - Journal of Management and Business 9, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/distribusi.v9i2.180.
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This study aims to compare the factors that affect financial performance between Manchester United Plc and the similar industries by examinating financial ratios trends before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The object under study was the Manchester United football club, while the industry average used the six biggest football clubs in the English Premier League, such as Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. This study used a literature study method by collecting relevant data and information according to the topics discussed through various literatures. In addition, this study also using financial ratio indicators that were applied to the football industry to measure the financial performance of a football club. The data used were secondary data in the form of company financial statements from 2018 to 2020 from the company's official website. The results of this study conclude that Manchester United's financial performance tends to decrease,, especially in profitability due to the postponement of the competition during the Covid-19 pandemic. On the other hand, Manchester United's financial performance was stated to be good in terms of efficient management of employee payroll expenses and sponsorship contract revenues. Therefore, investors need to review the condition of football clubs based on financial ratios before making investment decisions on football clubs.
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Alaminos, David, Ignacio Esteban, and Manuel A. Fernández-Gámez. "Financial Performance Analysis in European Football Clubs." Entropy 22, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091056.
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The financial performance of football clubs has become an essential element to ensure the solvency and viability of the club over time. For this, both the theory and the practical and regulatory evidence show the need to study financial factors, as well as sports and corporate factors to analyze the possible flow of income and for good management of the club’s accounts, respectively. Through these factors, the present study analyzes the financial performance of European football clubs using neural networks as a methodology, where the popular multilayer perceptron and the novel quantum neural network are applied. The results show the financial performance of the club is determined by liquidity, leverage, and sporting performance. Additionally, the quantum network as the most accurate variant. These conclusions can be useful for football clubs and interest groups, as well as for regulatory bodies that try to make the best recommendations and conditions for the football industry.
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Suen, Eunice, and Rob Law. "Application of Information Technology to the Club Industry." Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing 8, no. 1-2 (April 2001): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j150v08n01_10.
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Schmidgall, Raymond S., and Agnes L. DeFranco. "Ratio Analysis: Financial Benchmarks for the Club Industry." Journal of Hospitality Financial Management 12, no. 1 (September 2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10913211.2004.10653782.
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DeFranco, Agnes L., and Raymond S. Schmidgall. "2012 Top Financial Performers in the Club Industry." Journal of Hospitality Financial Management 21, no. 2 (December 2013): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10913211.2013.861236.
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Ferrand, Alain, Leigh Robinson, and Pierre Valette-Florence. "The Intention-to-Repurchase Paradox: A Case of the Health and Fitness Industry." Journal of Sport Management 24, no. 1 (January 2010): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.24.1.83.
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The article proposes a conceptual model to examine the relationships between service attributes, brand associations, customer satisfaction, commitment, price of membership, and intention to repurchase in a fitness club. The results show that the services offered by the club, its security, and the promoted image of the club impact positively on satisfaction. The customer relations at the club, customer commitment, and their frequency of weekly attendance have a positive direct effect on intention to repurchase. Perceived price has a negative direct influence. Finally, the research showed that overall satisfaction has a slight positive impact on frequency of attendance. These findings create a paradox for managers of health and fitness organizations who will have to balance the need to increase frequency of attendance to positively impact on intention to repurchase with the need to deliver the service attributes that affect satisfaction and intention to repurchase at high quality level.
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Liss, Gary. "The Crags Country Club." Southern California Quarterly 100, no. 4 (2018): 409–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2018.100.4.409.
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The core land holdings of today’s Malibu Creek State Park were acquired and protected by a private country club (1910–1946) made up of some of Los Angeles’s key leaders. In that beautiful natural setting they and their families socialized and relaxed. The values they shared ensured the conservation of the club site, shaped the city’s infrastructure and institutions, and extended to the early motion picture industry.
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Pranata, Elvina Chandra, and Supatmi Supatmi. "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada Klub Sepak Bola (Studi Kasus Pada Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspur dan Everton)." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 17, no. 2 (June 18, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v17i2.268.
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<em>Football is a popular sport that affect various aspects of life, one of which is the economy. In Europe, football has become an industry and the clubs most are already preparing financial statements. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of three football clubs that followed the Premier League as one of the best leagues in the world, Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspurs and Everton, for the period of 2007-2011. This study uses the technique of quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis using 14 financial ratios relevant to the football club. Results showed in general Arsenal is a club that has the best financial performance in comparison Tottenham Hotspurs and Everton, in particular in such matters, income and liquidity. Tottenham Hotspurs have advantages in terms of net investment over player contracts and operating cash flow. While Everton in general have the worst financial performance in terms of operations and liquidity, but has a good asset turn over.</em>
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Şirin, Yeliz Eratlı, and Enver Döşyılmaz. "Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions of Turkish Football Fans: TFF 1st Lig and 2nd Lig Examples." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 3S (March 15, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i3s.4085.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is among the duties and responsibilities of all kinds of organizations today. In the light of this approach, the responsibility activities of sports clubs that are active in the football industry may also attract the interest of fans that are dedicated to these clubs and shape their perceptions. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of sports club fans on the CSR activities of sports clubs based on their demographic variables and determine the CSR component pyramids of sports clubs that arise as a result of such perceptions. The population of the study consisted of the fans of Adanaspor and Adana Demirspor in the Turkish Football Federation’s (TFF) 1st League and Kahramanmaraşsports Club in TFF 2nd League. The sample consisted of 656 fans who were selected from this population by the method of unbiased sampling. The data of the study were collected by using the Corporate Social Responsibility Scale that was developed by Jung (2012) and tested for reliability and validity in the Turkish language by Sönmezoğlu et al. (2016). According to the findings of the study, perceptions of the fans on CSR activities were on a medium level, and there were significant differences based on the variables of gender, marital status, age, educational status, the supported sports club and occupation. Consequently, regarding the CSR pyramid components of the clubs, legal responsibility was in the first place for the fans of Adanaspor and Kahramanmaraş Spor, while philanthropic responsibility was in the first place for the fans of Adana Demirspor.
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Komańda, Marcin. "FITNESS CLUBS FACING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 21, specjalny (December 31, 2020): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8078.
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The establishment of the state of epidemic in Poland in March 2020 caused significant difficulties in accessing certain services or a total ban on their rendering. The fitness industry faced the inability to provide activity. This extraordinary situation forced entities in the fitness industry (including fitness clubs) to face a number of challenges related to surviving the closing period. These include, first of all, financial issues, the development of electronic business model components, as well as thinking about the conditions of running business after lifting the ban. The aim of the paper is to analyse the actions taken by the Polish fitness clubs during the lockdown period (13/03/2020-06/06/2020) caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). It covers recognizing the thinking of these clubs about the possibilities of acting despite these restrictions, as well as immediately after lifting restrictions on the service activities of this industry. The method of analysing the situation of the industry was based on two sources of information: a review of the literature and industry reports on the situation before the lockdown and media information presenting its state during the lockdown. The combination of information from both sources gave a unique insight into the justifications of the activities announced and undertaken by the Polish fitness club industry.
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Kim, MiRan, and Ronald Cichy. "Private club members’ perceptions of social media." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-10-2016-0064.
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Purpose Private club members belong to an organization where people with common interests, experiences, backgrounds and professions meet for social and recreational purposes. This study aims to examine the relationships among private club members’ perceptions of social media regarding perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, attitude toward social media involvement and behavioral intention toward social media usage. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted among private club members across the USA (n = 571). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The findings of this study center on the perceptions of club members and their beliefs and attitudes associated with their social media usage behavior. This study extends the social media literature by supporting previous studies that suggest a causal flow from perceived ease of use to intrinsic and extrinsic motivations (perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment) based on a motivational model. Research limitations/implications This study is meaningful for revealing the perceptions of private club members and their beliefs and attitudes associated with their social media usage behavior. It is untested whether this study’s model applies to other hospitality businesses. Future research could examine other segments and add other variables such as perceived security and trust. Practical implications This study can provide private club managers, and the members of the clubs that they lead, with a better understanding of online social media. Originality/value This study is one of a few empirical online social media studies in the area of the private club industry. This study seeks to provide baselines regarding social media perceptions and usage in the hospitality literature by providing a comprehensive model.
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Rahman, Md Jahidur, and Siyan Ding. "Measuring intellectual capital efficiency: A case of football clubs in the UEFA Champion League." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv4i1p3.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the intellectual capital efficiency of football clubs in the UEFA Champion League between 2010 and 2019. We measure the intellectual capital efficiency of each football club through Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) method developed by Pulic (1998, 2004), Ghosh and Mondal (2009), Yalama (2013), Ozkan, Cakan, and Kayacan (2017). Using a sample of 10 football clubs from 7 countries, we find that almost all clubs use their intellectual capital efficiently with great coefficients. We also document that human capital, as the core of intellectual capital, has a positive impact on structural capital. Our finding is significant for sports managers to make strategic management of intellectual sources to create value in the football industry. It suggests that football clubs should pay more attention to intellectual capital like fan loyalty and talented players. Meanwhile, it helps the sports industry to play a great role of human capital in intellectual capital and to increase the competitive advantage of the enterprise.
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Ulicney, Mandy L., Swathi Ravichandran, and Aryn C. Karpinski. "Utilization of Database Marketing in the Private Club Industry." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 17, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2015.1126799.
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DeFranco, Agnes, and Raymond S. Schmidgall. "The Club Industry: The Challenging Years of 2003–2008." Journal of Hospitality Financial Management 17, no. 2 (September 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10913211.2009.10653874.
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Florea, Dorian-Laurentiu, Catalin Mihail Barbu, and Mihai Constantin Razvan Barbu. "A model of fans’ reaction to resurrected brands of sport organizations." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 19, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2017-0073.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the conditions that facilitate or hinder a favorable reaction of fans to the resurrection of sport club brands.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model was empirically tested by applying partial least squares-SEM to a sample of 462 fans of five Romanian football and handball clubs that were resurrected in the last five years.FindingsThe study showed that a positive relationship between the new and the old club owners, the keeping of the brand name, and the involvement of the club’s historic figures are favorable conditions for a successful resurrection. The faded brands that enjoy salient heritage and numerous loyal fans are more likely to be successfully resurrected. Moreover, when the resurrection is undertaken immediately after the old club’s bankruptcy, fans tend to alienate from the brand, as they consider the new club to be trying to counterfeit the meaning of the faded brand.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional nature of the study and the narrow scope of the empirical data are the major limitations of the study.Practical implicationsBased on the empirical findings, the authors made recommendations to sport entrepreneurs who consider reviving faded clubs, and highlighted the difficulties of the resurrection process.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of brand resurrection in the sports industry.
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Gharaei, Fatemeh, Mehdi Taleb Pour, and Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh. "Evaluate the Barriers to Attract Sponsors in the Sport: Industry of Khorasan Razavi." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 9 (August 21, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n9p69.
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Purpose: Evaluate the barriers to attract financial supporters in the sport industry of Khorasan Razavi has been done.Methodology:The method of this research is applied and descriptive-comparative type. The statistical population of this research includes all managers of factories and private companies, managers of sport clubs and sport authorities of Khorasan Razavi province which among these the 100 CEOs of factories, 114 club managers and sport chairmanparty have been chosen randomly in Mashhad, Sabzevar, Taybad and Kashmar. Questionnaires of sport financial supporters of Ameri and et al (2009) had been the tools under usedwhich the Cronbach's alpha has been obtained as 0.711 in this study. SPSS19 software has been used in order to evaluate data analysis. Research hypotheses has been evaluated by using independent t-test.Findings: findings showed that the both first and forth hypotheses were confirmed among 4 hypotheses that were tested means that, there is a difference between perspective of managers of private companies and sports managers in relation with barriers of financial supporters and problems related to teams. Conclusion: Obtained results have been explained and compared based on findings of pervious researches. In fact most managers of companies compared with club managers the lack of sponsor from the sports industry have mentioned as a most important factor and problems related to teams including unpopularity of teams and Lack of using players and famous coaches is important factor for lack of attracting financial supporter in Mashhad from perspective of both groups.
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Nilep, Chad. "Ideologies of language at Hippo Family Club." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.25.2.04nil.
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Ethnographic study of Hippo Family Club, a foreign language learning club in Japan with chapters elsewhere, reveals a critique of foreign language teaching in Japanese schools and in the commercial English conversation industry. Club members contrast their own learning methods, which they view as “natural language acquisition”, with the formal study of grammar, which they see as uninteresting and ineffective. Rather than evaluating either the Hippo approach to learning or the teaching methods they criticize, however, this paper considers the ways of thinking about language that club members come to share. Members view the club as a transnational organization that transcends the boundaries of the nation-state. Language learning connects the club members to a cosmopolitan world beyond the club, even before they interact with speakers of the languages they are learning. The analysis of club members’ ideologies of language and language learning illuminates not only the pragmatics of language use, but practices and outcomes of socialization and shared social structures.
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Pauzé, Elise, Odera Ekeh, and Monique Potvin Kent. "The Extent and Nature of Food and Beverage Company Sponsorship of Children’s Sports Clubs in Canada: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 3023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093023.
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Food and beverage marketing is considered a determinant of childhood obesity. Sponsorship is a marketing technique used by the food industry to target young people when they are engaged in sports. The purpose of this study was to document the frequency and nature of food company sponsorship of children’s sports clubs in Ottawa, Canada. Using national data on sports participation, the five most popular sports among Canadian children aged 4–15 years were first selected for inclusion in the study and relevant sports clubs located in Ottawa (Canada) were then identified. Sports club websites were reviewed between September and December 2018 for evidence of club sponsorship. Food company sponsors were identified and classified by food category. Of the 67 sports clubs identified, 40% received some form of food company sponsorship. Overall, sports clubs had 312 commercial and noncommercial sponsors. Food companies constituted 16% of total sponsors and were the second most frequent type of sponsor after sports-related goods, services, and retailers (25%). Fast food restaurants and other restaurants accounted for 45% and 41% of food company sponsors, respectively. Food company sponsorship of children’s sports clubs is frequent with some promoting companies or brands associated with unhealthy foods. Policymakers should consider restricting the sponsorship of children’s sports clubs by food companies that largely sell or promote unhealthy foods.
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Scafarto, Vincenzo, and Panagiotis Dimitropoulos. "Human capital and financial performance in professional football: the role of governance mechanisms." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 18, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 289–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-05-2017-0096.
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Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between human capital investments and financial performance in the professional football industry. The authors examine this association by controlling for internal (club-level) mechanisms of governance. Specifically, as they deal with a context of highly concentrated ownership and familial control of football clubs, they posit that the degree of family board representation and a dual leadership structure exert a moderating effect on the decision to spend on playing talent. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis employs a fixed-effect econometric model on a panel data set of 16 Italian football clubs that spans a nine-year time period ending up with 144 firm-year observations. Findings The main novel finding of this investigation is that clubs with CEO duality and a high degree of family board representation manage to profit from investments in player contracts as opposed to clubs which lack these governance mechanisms. Research limitations/implications A clear implication is that the presence of corporate governance mechanisms at club level may be value-enhancing. In terms of policy direction, the finding makes the case that regulatory bodies should consider the imposition of governance mechanisms at club level as a means to promote actual financial discipline and a further ally to current regulations that are restricted to monitoring processes tied to accounting data. Originality/value This study attempts to explain the financial outcomes of player investments by combining insights from the mainstream governance and family business literature. Prior works in the field are restricted to testing the direct relation between player investments and performance, but fail to consider the potential moderators of this association.
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Wills, Jeanie. "Dorothy Dignam’s advocacy for women’s careers in advertising: 1920-1950." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine how women working in the advertising industry during the 1920s and 1930s encouraged and resisted stereotypes about women to establish a professional identity. This seemingly paradoxical approach provided women with opportunities for professional development and network building. Dorothy Dignam is presented as a case study of one such advertising woman. She was a market researcher, a teacher, an advocate for women’s employment in advertising, a historian of women’s advertising clubs and a supporter of and a contributor to women’s professional networking. Design/methodology/approach Archival material is drawn from the N. W. Ayer and Son archives at the Smithsonian Institute, the Advertising Women of New York archives and the Dorothy Dignam Papers at the Schlesinger Library, the Philadelphia Club of Advertising Women papers at Bryn Mawr, the Dignam Collection at the Wisconsin Historical Society and the Women’s Advertising Club of Chicago (WACC) archives at the University of Illinois, Chicago. A close reading method of analysis places the material in a historical context. Additionally, it provides a narrative structure to demonstrate the complementary relationship between advertising club work and professional identity. Findings Dignam’s career strategies helped her to construct a professional identity that situated her as a guide, teacher and role model for other women who worked in advertising. She supported and created an attitude that enabled aspiring career women to embark on their careers, and she assisted in creating a coalition of women who empowered each other through their advertising club work. Practical implications Dignam’s published work about careers for women in advertising, her own career and its advancement and her involvement with women’s advertising clubs all served a rhetorical purpose. Her professional life sought to change both men’s and women’s attitudes about the impact of women in professional roles. In turn, the influence of attitudes helped to create space for women in business, especially those seeking advertising careers. Originality/value This paper illustrates how Dignam’s career, accomplishments and publications coalesce to provide evidence of how women negotiated professional identities and claimed space for themselves in the business world and in the advertising industry.
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Baines, Roger. "Translating Tweets in the Soccer Industry: Identity Management and Visibility in a Global Game." International Journal of Sport Communication 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2018-0141.
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Migration has created exceptionally diverse communities in many professional soccer leagues. These diverse communities then interact with global audiences, yet the key challenge of communication across languages has not previously been the focus of academic attention. This study investigated Twitter translation practice in this highly commercial industry, drawing from questionnaire and interview data from the perspective of translation providers, figures in the soccer industry, and migrant player and club tweets. The findings reveal tensions between global and local identities as soccer players, soccer clubs, and governing organizations manage identity performance and economic potential across language barriers on social media. These tensions foster debate about cross-language communication on social media in the soccer industry and extend existing work on social media and translation, in particular with regard to professional practice, fluency, and the visibility of translation and translators in this unusual professional setting.
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Baskakov, A. S. "ISSUES OF CLASSIFYING TRANSFER RISKS IN THE TRANSFER ACTIVITIES OF A FOOTBALL CLUB." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 2540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-10-2540-2551.
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The commercial attractiveness of football, the introduction of financial “fair play” and the need to disclose financial statements are forcing professional football clubs to pay more and more attention to issues of financial stability, improving management efficiency, including the transfer activities of football clubs. The article deals with the issues of transfer activity of a professional football club and the risks arising from this, which can significantly affect the financial, sports and reputation components of the club’s activities. This topic is especially relevant in view of the current situation with the coronavirus pandemic in the world, since one of the areas of activity that has been significantly affected is the football industry. Many clubs, including Russian ones, were forced to cut players’ and employees’ salaries, which was associated with a huge loss of income; and this obviously reflected on the transfer activity as well as the activity in the 2020 summer transfer window. Therefore, the need to pay even more attention to the topic of risks when making transfers seems obvious. This article is devoted to formulating the concept of transfer risk and creating a classification of transfer risks and transfer market participants, as well as their characteristics in terms of attitudes towards the risks arising from the transition of a professional footballer from one club to another in relation to the Russian professional football club. The article proposes a classification of transfer risks and transfer market participants from the point of view of their attitude to risks, which makes it possible to assess the degree of probability and the type of possible transfer risks to improve the efficiency of the transfer activities of a professional Russian football club. The article concludes that the most dangerous from the point of view of transfer risk due to incorrect decision-making and assessment of the situation are the actions of the representative of the buying club and the body that makes the final decision on the transfer; the least risky are the actions of the scout department and the intermediary agent. The article also introduces the concept of a player’s full transfer value, which is associated with a tendency for the difference between the market and transfer values of players to increase.
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Hing, Nerilee. "A History of Machine Gambling in the NSW Club Industry." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 7, no. 2-3 (July 27, 2006): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j149v07n02_05.
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Hwang, Jinsoo, and Heesup Han. "Understanding Other Customer Perceptions in the Private Country Club Industry." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 20, no. 8 (August 2014): 875–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.936476.
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Schmidgall, Raymond S., and Agnes DeFranco. "2009 Financial Performance in the Club Industry: Winners and Losers." Journal of Hospitality Financial Management 19, no. 1 (September 2011): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10913211.2011.10653903.
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Xie, Yi, Shijun Xu, and Yanping Yang. "Research on transformation and upgrading of Liuzhou fitness industry under the “Internet +” service platform." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 09029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133609029.
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Under the current situation of prevention and control Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19), the development of fitness industry in Liuzhou is analyzed, and the survival environment, management, coaches' quality and reasons for the closure of the club are analyzed. The results show that Liuzhou fitness market is greatly affected by the economic and social environment, and the seemingly prosperous fitness market has met with bottlenecks, and its operation is in danger. Taking “Internet+” as a new power engine, we should build a service platform of Liuzhou fitness alliance, strengthen the supply side reform such as management and coach quality, increase effective supply of high quality, and guide clubs to play their own advantages to develop differentiated competition, which is an effective way to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional fitness industry.
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Arsu, Talip. "Investigation into the efficiencies of European football clubs with bi-objective multi-criteria data envelopment analysis." Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering 4, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/dmame210402106a.
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A financially successful football club can achieve sporting achievements as well as become financially stable. From this point of view, in this study, the efficiencies of clubs were investigated with the Bi-Objective Multi-Criteria Data Envelopment Analysis (BiO-MCDEA) model by using financial and sporting data of the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons of 10 football clubs in the Big-Five League which is the locomotive of the football industry. In the study, the number of social media followers, the average number of viewers and total market value were used as input, and the UEFA club score and total revenues were used as output. As a result, Arsenal, Paris Saint-Germain, and Juventus were determined as efficient in the 2015-2016 season, Paris Saint-Germain and Liverpool in the 2016-2017 season, Manchester United, Paris Saint-Germain and Chelsea in the 2016-2017 season. The reasons as to why Paris Saint-Germain was efficient in all three seasons were also examined. In addition, in the sensitivity analysis conducted to determine the effect of inputs and outputs on the model, it was concluded that efficiency was highly related to financial data.
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Литвишко, О. В., and Р. В. Губарев. "5.6. OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXPENDITURE PART OF THE BUDGET OF PROFESSIONAL CLUBS AS A MECHANISM FOR INCREASING THE PROFITABILITY OF THE SPORTS INDUSTRY." Audit and Financial Analysis, no. 4 (January 4, 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38097/afa.2020.34.63.014.
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Заработная плата, выплачиваемая субъектами футбольной индустрии своим работникам, поглощает очень большую долю их доходов, что оказывает существенное воздействие на итоговый финансовый результат клубов. Таким образом, контроль заработной платы является ключом к устойчивому финансовому здоровью клубов. В данной статье рассмотрены основные тенденции в области зарплат в отечественной футбольной отрасли в сравнении с европейскими лигами, выявлены отклонения данного показателя от среднерыночных и рекомендуемых значений, определен алгоритм оптимизации данного показателя. Управление затратами спортивного клуба на основе операционного анализа позволит повысить финансовые показатели и улучшить положение в отрасли за счет снижения издержек и увеличения рентабельности производимого продукта (спортивного зрелища). Гибкая финансовая политика спортивного клуба, учитывающая влияние различных факторов на итоговый результат, позволит им сэкономить финансовые ресурсы, а также снизить издержки финансирования, тем самым повысив рентабельность и уровень их соответствия критериям Союза европейских футбольных ассоциаций (УЕФА) в части финансовой честной игры. The wages paid by football industry entities to their employees absorb a very large percentage of their income, which has a significant impact on the final financial result of clubs. Wage control is therefore key to the clubs ' sustainable financial health. This article examines the main trends in the field of salaries in the domestic football industry in comparison with European leagues, identifies deviations of this indicator from the average market and recommended values, and defines an algorithm for optimizing this indicator. Cost management of a sports club based on operational analysis will improve financial performance and improve the position in the industry by reducing costs and increasing the profitability of the product (sports spectacle). A flexible financial policy of a sports club that takes into account the impact of various factors on the final result will allow them to save financial resources, as well as reduce financing costs, thereby increasing their profitability and their level of compliance with the UEFA criteria for financial fair play.
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Литвишко, О. В., and Р. В. Губарев. "5.6. OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXPENDITURE PART OF THE BUDGET OF PROFESSIONAL CLUBS AS A MECHANISM FOR INCREASING THE PROFITABILITY OF THE SPORTS INDUSTRY." Audit and Financial Analysis, no. 4 (January 4, 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38097/afa.2020.34.63.014.
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Заработная плата, выплачиваемая субъектами футбольной индустрии своим работникам, поглощает очень большую долю их доходов, что оказывает существенное воздействие на итоговый финансовый результат клубов. Таким образом, контроль заработной платы является ключом к устойчивому финансовому здоровью клубов. В данной статье рассмотрены основные тенденции в области зарплат в отечественной футбольной отрасли в сравнении с европейскими лигами, выявлены отклонения данного показателя от среднерыночных и рекомендуемых значений, определен алгоритм оптимизации данного показателя. Управление затратами спортивного клуба на основе операционного анализа позволит повысить финансовые показатели и улучшить положение в отрасли за счет снижения издержек и увеличения рентабельности производимого продукта (спортивного зрелища). Гибкая финансовая политика спортивного клуба, учитывающая влияние различных факторов на итоговый результат, позволит им сэкономить финансовые ресурсы, а также снизить издержки финансирования, тем самым повысив рентабельность и уровень их соответствия критериям Союза европейских футбольных ассоциаций (УЕФА) в части финансовой честной игры. The wages paid by football industry entities to their employees absorb a very large percentage of their income, which has a significant impact on the final financial result of clubs. Wage control is therefore key to the clubs ' sustainable financial health. This article examines the main trends in the field of salaries in the domestic football industry in comparison with European leagues, identifies deviations of this indicator from the average market and recommended values, and defines an algorithm for optimizing this indicator. Cost management of a sports club based on operational analysis will improve financial performance and improve the position in the industry by reducing costs and increasing the profitability of the product (sports spectacle). A flexible financial policy of a sports club that takes into account the impact of various factors on the final result will allow them to save financial resources, as well as reduce financing costs, thereby increasing their profitability and their level of compliance with the UEFA criteria for financial fair play.
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Hurley, Teresa, Corinne Faure, and Seamus Kelly. "Incentivizing and re-engaging lapsed health club members." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 10, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 545–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-10-2019-0094.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThis quantitative research paper examined factors influencing re-engagement intentions and re-engagement behavior of lapsed health club members and identified which sales promotion incentives are most effective in re-engaging this lapsed member market. While previous studies examined re-engagement intentions and re-engagement behavior in isolation, no research could be located which examined both simultaneously and the impact of promotion incentives in the health and fitness industry.Design/methodology/approachStudy A (mail survey) examined re-engagement intentions of one hundred lapsed members of a medium size suburban health club. Study B (an experimental field study) measured actual true re-engagement behavior using price and gift token as incentives to re-engage 300 lapsed members of the same health club. Ten hypotheses were tested using chi-square, logistic regression and correlation analysis.FindingsResults indicate that price is the most influential incentive in promoting re-engagement intentions, while the experimental field study tested this survey finding and reported that although incentives were more effective than nonincentives in terms of re-engagement behavior, price played a far greater significant role than gift token in actual re-engagement behavior of lapsed members. Highly satisfied customers are likely to have stronger re-engagement intentions with frequent attendees more influenced by price in terms of re-engagement intentions, while those who lapsed most recently demonstrated stronger re-engagement behavior.Research limitations/implicationsStudy A: While acknowledging that the sample size was limited, a respectable response rate of 49% was recorded for the mail survey in Study A but a greater response rate and larger sample size would have allowed for a more comprehensive analysis. However, the study is primarily exploratory in nature and serves to achieve the objectives of the research. The study was based on a medium size suburban health club, therefore no comparisons can be drawn between the results of this study and that involving larger health clubs, chains, urban clubs or those outside of Ireland. Although the inclusion of moderating effects was considered, it was not feasible to develop these interactions due to the limited sample size. Study B: Generalization of the findings in this study with other international markets is not possible due to differences in demographic factors, promotions and differences in the health and fitness industry. No comparison can be drawn either between health clubs which operate in a different environment, such as public or nonmembership-based clubs, urban clubs or those constituting a chain. While the offer incentives were of equal value, it is recognized that the gift token may have appealed more to females than to males.Practical implicationsHealth clubs should consider changing strategic focus, from being overly concentrated on new customer acquisition to actively re-engaging the lapsed member market by finding out why they left and offer an incentive such as price to re-engage. Although loyalty, duration, age, gender and income were found not to be significant in this study, satisfaction, frequency and recency of lapse were significant. Therefore, health clubs should strive to keep members satisfied, monitor and increase frequency of attendance with creative programming and commence the re-engagement process prior to the membership expiry so as to maximize re-engagement and customer retention using price discount as an incentive.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is that is tests statistically consumer re-engagement intentions and actual re-engagement behavior simultaneously in a health club setting using a mail survey in Study A and Experimental Design in Study B.