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1
Manickam, Anu Ratha Sivagengai. "Future of cluster developments : lessons from Energy Valley, the Netherlands." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1803/.
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The research explored how a Dutch energy cluster embedded within a larger context of European and global developments reflected complex dynamics due to changes in its context. The case study explored Energy Valley of the Netherlands, a peripheral region that meets the challenge of energy transition, regional development and national economic interests. The research engaged complex adaptive systems approach to gain insights into complex cluster dynamics to contribute to cluster study and policy. The research captured insights into increased complexity of an energy cluster due to energy transition and other developments in the cluster context, exacerbated by differences in perceptions and responses of stakeholders to the new challenges. Findings on cluster developments included insights into cluster context, cluster condition, cluster dynamics and cluster transformations, and the interconnectedness of such developments based on Energy Valley and supplementary cases of Karlstad and Silicon Valley. The research findings led to insights into cluster systems developments and a model capturing cluster emergence. The research contributed to cluster theory by developing a CAS approach for cluster study that developed a whole systems approach to understand cluster dynamics, offering to the field of cluster study a qualitative understanding of cluster systems developments. Insights into interconnected developments at the micro, macro and inter-systemic levels, and into energy clusters in the context of energy transition were results of the research. The broad scope and nature of the study meant limitations were inherent and therefore recommendations for future research were included. EU Cluster Policy motivated the research and hence recommendations for policy developments were also part of the research contribution.
2
Wynn, James Joshi. "Open space cluster developments to conservation subdivisions standards and managment plans influencing conservation goals /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1219345472.
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3
Wynn, James Joshi. "Open Space Cluster Developments to Conservation Subdivisions: Standards and Management Plans Influencing Conservation Goals." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219345472.
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4
Knauer, Stefan [Verfasser], Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schweikhard, Lutz [Gutachter] Schweikhard, and Klaus [Gutachter] Blaum. "A multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer for cluster research and methodological developments with clusters / Stefan Knauer ; Gutachter: Lutz Schweikhard, Klaus Blaum ; Betreuer: Lutz Schweikhard." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194162800/34.
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5
Knauer, Stefan Verfasser], Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schweikhard, Lutz [Gutachter] Schweikhard, and Klaus [Gutachter] [Blaum. "A multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer for cluster research and methodological developments with clusters / Stefan Knauer ; Gutachter: Lutz Schweikhard, Klaus Blaum ; Betreuer: Lutz Schweikhard." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-opus-29677.
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6
Liasidou, Sotiroula. "An exploration of policy, product developments, innovation and consumption patterns : the case of tourism and airline industries in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/69019.
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This study aims to explore policy implications, production and consumption processes between the airline and tourism industries. In particular, policy initiatives, product developments, innovation and consumption patterns are taken into consideration in order to identify the relationship between the two industries within the context of Cyprus. The airline industry, after the implementation of liberalization, has changed considerably in terms of market size, type of airlines and operations. In the case of destination management, innovation and policy planning are key parameters of success. Additionally, new business production methods are imperative, given the emergence of a ‘new-tourist’ who is educated, seeking shorter breaks and more frequent and cheaper trips in unique and unexplored destinations. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis are employed. In particular, 26 interviews of ‘power-elite’ policymakers and stakeholders in Cyprus are used to explore policy implications for the identification of implementation outcomes and their impact on product developments and innovation. Furthermore, 300 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to British travellers to Cyprus, so as to identify the role of the airlines and the extent of the importance attributed to destination. The results of the study suggest a gap in the relation of the tourism and airline industries’ interaction at policy level, outcome, and implementation. More specifically, the airline policy enables the industry to become more adaptive and creative, and innovation is depicted via low-cost carriers (LCCs). The tourism industry has developed a policy that reflects the post/neo-Fordism trends of consumption and production, which refers to niche products. However, there is a dearth of policy theory and implementation, with consistent failures and delays. Thus, tourism is at the stage of renovation without essential innovation in contrast to the airline industry, which is a leader, and a proponent of innovation. In terms of consumption, Factor Analysis suggests that British tourists tend to book their holiday trips based on three categories of airline attributes: ‘Customer service’, ‘Price-sensitive & Internet’ and ‘Selection in travel behaviour’. Cluster analysis suggests three main categories of tourists, namely, ‘Traditional’, ‘Demanding/Opportunists’ and ‘Ambivalent’. The results confirm that consumers have changed and tourism destinations must be able to adapt to their demands and to offer a variety of services and products in order to survive in a competitive global market. In the case of the airline industry and holiday trips, convenience and the airport that the airline is flying from is more important than the cost of the ticket.
7
Fischer, Paul [Verfasser], Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schweikhard, Lutz [Gutachter] Schweikhard, and Klaus [Gutachter] Blaum. "Further developments of multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry and first application for cluster research / Paul Fischer ; Gutachter: Lutz Schweikhard, Klaus Blaum ; Betreuer: Lutz Schweikhard." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206688386/34.
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Fischer, Paul [Verfasser], Lutz Akademischer Betreuer] Schweikhard, Lutz [Gutachter] Schweikhard, and Klaus [Gutachter] [Blaum. "Further developments of multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry and first application for cluster research / Paul Fischer ; Gutachter: Lutz Schweikhard, Klaus Blaum ; Betreuer: Lutz Schweikhard." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-opus-36009.
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9
STADENBERG, IDA. "Innovative Cluster Organizations in Tanzania : A Minor Field Study evaluating cluster performance and actor collaborations within the clusters included in ISCP-Tz." Thesis, KTH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-198691.
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Cluster Organizations, as a means of promoting competition and innovation in industrial clusters, have become increasingly popular over the world. Cluster organizations aim to increase growth and competitiveness of clusters within a region, and have become a central part of economic policy-making across the world. Recently, the concept has been used to a larger extent as a tool for economic development and poverty alleviation. This thesis seeks to examine the cluster organizations that are part of the Sida funded program Innovation Systems and Cluster development in Tanzania (ISCP-Tz), by evaluating performance, goals and development of the program based on cluster facilitators perceptions, and assess linkages and actor collaborations between clustered actors. The data in this thesis is collected through a telephone-administered questionnaire, as well as interviews and visits to cluster sites. The results show a positive impact on cluster firms performance as assessed by cluster facilitators, but show that actor collaborations in many cases are inadequate and need to be improved.
10
Bozkirlioglu, Ali. "Cluster Potential In Industrial Sectors Of Samsun: Kutlukent Furniture Cluster Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605603/index.pdf.
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The present study investigated whether cluster potentials could be identified in the geographical area within the boundaries of Samsun province, and if identified, how such a potential could be promoted through corresponding support measures. Development of policy recommendations for promotion of identified cluster potential was the principal goal of the study. The course of the study was characterized by a cluster-based policy-making process in the policy environment, i.e. Samsun province. The process includes a descriptive part, i.e. cluster analysis, and a prescriptive part, i.e. determining policy goals and designing policy instruments. In the literature review, a guide to the field study was developed by review of various approaches to cluster conceptcommon features of clusters and the competitive advantages these give rise to
various practices in cluster-based policy development, and various cluster analysis methods. The field study starts with the initial identification of need for policy intervention, at which stage the rationale for pursuing a cluster-based policy in the specific conditions of Samsun and Turkey was discussed. The &ldquo
clusters as sectors&rdquo
approach was utilized in the identification of region&rsquo
s (potential) clusters and selection of the cluster as the subject of analysis and policy development. The analysis of industrial sectors in Samsun&rsquo
s economy was followed by selection of the target sector via employing various criteria assessing the importance of these sectors in terms of value added to the regional economy, and the clustering potential. Accordingly, furniture sector was selected, and the agglomeration of furniture sector enterprises in Kutlukent locality was identified as the potential cluster to be the subject of analysis and policy development. Following the identification of the potential cluster, the descriptive part was completed by second-stage micro-level analysis of the identified potential cluster, by which detailed information about the potential cluster was presented. At that phase, cluster potential of the structure was assessed by examining the elements in cluster value and production chain
public and private business support infrastructure
the flow of materials and goods in the chain
untraded relationships between the elements
characteristics of enterprises and workforce
and innovation performance. This comprehensive in-depth analysis of the cluster provided the required information to identify the specific needs of the cluster for cluster-based policy intervention. In the last part of the thesis, i.e. prescriptive part, cluster-oriented policy recommendations were developed including the determination of policy goal and the design/selection of policy instruments. The necessary information was collected by two-stage expert interviews, and by overall scan of the enterprises involved in the cluster via enterprise survey, which was realized in interviews with all of the enterprises. Six experts and 283 enterprises participated in the study. The results of the analysis showed that, while Kutlukent furniture cluster had some features, which are common in effective cluster models, the cluster lacks some critical features, which are crucial for effective functioning of a successful cluster. Hence, Kutlukent furniture cluster was defined as a &ldquo
potential&rdquo
cluster, which should be promoted by utilizing the existing potentials and strengths, and by addressing the weaknesses and obstacles identified in the analysis of the cluster, via appropriate cluster-oriented policy measures, which were proposed in the prescriptive part of the policy-making process. By these measures, the elements of Kutlukent potential cluster would be able to realize competitive advantages associated with clustering as in successful cluster models.
11
Saraceni, Adriana Valélia. "Ferramenta para avaliação da presença de práticas de simbiose industrial em uma rede de empresas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/933.
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CAPESO objetivo central desta pesquisa foi desenvolver uma ferramenta para avaliação da presença de práticas de Simbiose Industrial em rede de empresas, a partir dos conceitos de simbiose industrial encontrados na literatura. Para isto, foi definida uma série de etapas para a construção do referencial teórico da presente pesquisa, e para o desenvolvimento da proposta de metodologia. As etapas iniciais foram baseadas no instrumento ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process–Constructivist), com o intuito de formar o portfólio bibliográfico. Este procedimento ocorreu com apoio do portal ISI Web of Knowledge, sendo realizado em duas categorias de classificação: Engineering, Environmental e Engineering, Industrial. Em seguida, as variáveis da Simbiose Industrial foram identificadas através da revisão sistemática diferenciada. Os resultados obtidos por meio deste procedimento possibilitou o desenvolvimento da ferramenta teórica. Após a identificação das variáveis, uma metodologia baseada na lógica fuzzy foi aplicada e direcionada à pesquisadores do tema para atribuição dos pesos das variáveis de Simbiose Industrial. Desta forma, foi possível extraír os indicadores de intensidade das inter-relações necessários na análise do nível de desenvolvimento de cada uma das correlações entre as variáveis. Em posse das variáveis e de seus pesos, obteve-se como resultado inicial a estrutura da teórica de Avaliação de Simbiose Industrial. No sentido de identificar pontualmente as lacunas ou níveis de desenvolvimento em cada esfera, gerou-se então os gráficos de manobra para análise dos dados. Após estes procedimentos, construiu-se um instrumento para a aplicação da ferramenta, acompanhado de um método de cálculo matemático para tratamento dos dados, tornando-o passível de aplicação, compilação e resultados. Assim, uma ferramenta de aplicação da metodologia, capaz de obter os dados para análise nos gráficos de manobra e para a geração da Avaliação de Simbiose Industrial, foi desenvolvido. Por fim, um teste piloto foi realizado em uma rede de empresas fabricantes de móveis e esquadrias de madeira, identificando se há práticas da Simbiose Industrial na rede, bem como o potencial de desenvolvimento das esferas de análise. Os resultados do teste piloto da ferramenta de Avaliação de Simbiose Industrial forneceram uma série de perspectivas relacionadas à sua aplicabilidade, flexibilidade, particularidades, e, ao direcionamento nos aspectos de amadurecimento da ferramenta.
The main objective of this research was to develop a tool for assessing the presence of Industrial Symbiosis practices in na industrial cluster, based on the concepts of Industrial Symbiosis found in the literature. For this, were conceived a variety of steps to form theoretical framework of this research, and, for the development of the proposed methodology. In order to form the bibliographic portfolio, this research initial steps were based on the instrument ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process–Constructivist). This procedure was performed with support of ISI Web of Knowledge portal and carried out in two categories of classification: Engineering, Environmental and Engineering, Industrial. Based on this differentiated systematic review, the variables of Industrial Symbiosis were identified. The results obtained by this procedure allowed the development of the theoretical model. After identificatifying the variables, a methodology based on fuzzy logic was applied and directed to the researchers of the subject for assigning weights of the variables of Industrial Symbiosis. Thus, it was possible to extract indicators of intensity of the interrelationships, these, needed in the analysis of the level of development of each of the correlations between the variables. In possession of the variables and their indicators, it was obtained an structure of the theoretical model for Assessing of Industrial Symbiosis, as initial result. In order to promptly identify gaps or development levels within each sphere, graphs of maneuver for data analysis were generated. After these procedures, it was built a tool to the model application, accompanied by a mathematical calculation method for processing data, making it reliable for implementation, compilation and results. Therefore, a model able to implementing the methodology, able to obtain the data for analysis on the graphs of maneuver and to generate the Assessing Industrial Symbiosis, was developed. Finally, a pilot test was conducted in a Industrial Cluster of manufacturer of furniture and wooden frames, identifying whether there are Industrial Symbiosis practices in the cluster, as well as the potential of development in the spheres of analysis. The results of the pilot test of the model for Assessing Industrial Symbiosis provided a range of perspectives related to its applicability, flexibility, features and guidance on aspects of ripening the tool.
2017-09-01
12
Gurellier, Ozlem. "Design Of A Performance Measurement Model For Industrial Clusters In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612793/index.pdf.
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Despite the advantages and dominance of globalization in today&rsquos world economics
clusters, as a regional based development tool, still attract many researchers and policy makers from all over the world in order to obtain sustainable competitiveness. As a result of fast rising number of cluster development policies and initiatives, the importance of measuring the performance of clusters arises. The purpose of this thesis is to design a performance measurement model, which will be applied to industrial clusters in Turkey. A model framework is developed, based on expected outcomes of clusters which are classified as productivity, innovativeness, new business formations and social capital. Indicators are selected based on extensive literature survey under these four determinants, and a scorecard is developed. After the design phase, the performance of two cluster cases from Turkey is studied. In order to improve clustering approach, it is important to monitor, measure identify the progress of clusters. It is believed that this work will be utile for policy makers to identify whether the interventions, incentives and promotions are beneficial for the desired purposes and whether they are used effectively.
13
Sacilotto, Cintia Kulzer. "Industrial cluster relocation : cluster formation, development and technological change in the destination region." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22ee5a2d-ea95-4c58-941a-5e6385e03f1a.
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This dissertation presents the first systematic study on cluster relocation, providing a non- random and dynamic analysis of firm relocations. Seeking to contribute to the understanding of cluster relocations and their consequences for the destination region, I explore the process and determinants of a particular cluster relocation and investigate the growth and maintenance of the new cluster through the enhancement of its supplier base, the diffusion of innovations, and advances in technological change. I analyse the differences between first and late mover firms in the process of cluster relocation to unveil the elements that boost relocation. I examine the process of technological change that occurs in the destination region. On one hand, I explore the channels for the diffusion of specific innovations and provide novel evidence for the cluster literature by considering different channels simultaneously. I measure the importance of local and relocated firms for the diffusion of innovations, unveiling the mechanisms by which knowledge spillovers with and among local firms take place. On the other hand, I present a dynamic view of the impact of relocated firms in the new region, providing unique details of technological change and the build-up of absorptive capacity over time. I analyse the changing role of relocated firms in the creation and expansion of local firms' capabilities. The relocation of the Sinos Valley footwear cluster in Brazil is analysed as a case study in this research. After being defined as a 'supercluster' by Schmitz (1995), the cluster collapsed and partially relocated in the end of the 1990s to the northeast of Brazil, and to China, following major changes that affected the competitiveness of the sector. In their attempt to survive, several firms relocated to the Cariri area in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. I follow this relocation process using mapping techniques, analysing the diffusion of innovations and technological change processes through an extensive set of interviews and a complete social network analysis.
14
Lorenzon, Emilena Josimari. "Caracterização e classificação do cluster de calçados femininos do município de Jaú/SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3765.
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Previous issue date: 2004-12-22The research aimed to assist the local leaderships with informational subsidies for the working out of actions in the conduction of the development s process in cluster of footwear from Jaú based on the methods to characterize and to classify the urbano city companies. For this, was used the method of the study of case with an application of questionnaire structuralized in a sampling with 20 companies of this cluster. Many of the information on the footwear sector from Jaú had been extracted of formal sources of information, as RAIS, SECEX and statistical data of the IBGE. The used method of analysis applied 17 indicators distributed in 5 sets of indicators for affinities, that among others, they had measured the degree of frequency of the relations and integrations in the cluster of footwear from Jaú, classifying it. The arithmetic average of these sets of indicators had attributed conceptual gradations with note attributes to indicate the degree of evolution from the cluster in question. The reached results show the period of training of evolution from this cluster in the cycle of life of the urbano city companies offering subsidies for its development. The research is predominantly descriptive.
O trabalho pretendeu auxiliar as lideranças locais com subsídios informacionais para a elaboração de ações na condução do processo de desenvolvimento do cluster de calçados de Jaú baseado nos métodos para caracterizar e classificar os aglomerados de empresas. Para isso, foi utilizado o método do estudo de caso com aplicação de questionário estruturado em uma amostragem com 20 empresas desse cluster. Muitas das informações sobre o setor de calçados de Jaú foram extraídas de fontes formais de informação, como RAIS, SECEX e dados estatísticos do IBGE. O método de análise utilizado aplicou 17 indicadores distribuídos em 5 conjuntos de indicadores por afinidades, que mensuraram o grau de freqüência das relações e integrações do cluster de calçados de Jaú entre outros fatores, classificando-o. As médias aritméticas desses conjuntos de indicadores atribuíram gradações conceituais com atributo de notas para indicar o grau de evolução do cluster em questão. Os resultados alcançados mostram o estágio de evolução desse cluster no ciclo de vida dos aglomerados de empresas oferecendo subsídios para o seu desenvolvimento. A pesquisa é predominantemente descritiva.
15
Kronholm, Thomas, and Martin Vidhall. "The entrepreneur in the cluster." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1758.
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Abstract
Entrepreneurship has become an important issue in the modern society where the business landscape consists of many small and medium sized firms. These firms have all been started by an entrepreneur who has identified and business idea and developed that idea into a new venture. We therefore see the idea identification and idea development process as a central part of the creation of a new firm.
A concept that has become popular in the discussion about entrepreneurship is the cluster concept and dynamic business settings. These concepts are based on the fact that in some geographical regions more firms are started than in other geographical locations. These firms are often started in the same field or industry which has lead to theories that the environment supports and stimulates entrepreneurship. The studies about clusters have often been conducted with an organizational perspective and studied formal contacts within clusters. Therefore we in this study want to study how cluster environments support entrepreneurs in their idea identification and idea development process with the perspective of the individual entrepreneur.
The study is based on a theoretical framework built around the cluster theories develop by Michael Porter who is considered to be the father to this concept. In addition to this we also present theories about the importance of untraded interdependencies, the triple helix, spin-offs and entrepreneurs as organizational products.
The empirical material for this study has been collected through interviews with five entrepreneurs in Sweden’s famous ICT cluster Kista Science City just outside Stockholm. These interviews are later presented as five individual cases which describe the idea identification and development process. The results from these interview shows that the cluster environment can support the entrepreneurs in several ways. The support we have found in this study could be linked to the existence of untraded interdependencies that provided the entrepreneurs with access to information, knowledge and experts through networks. These factors were useful both in the idea identification and the idea development process.
16
Richter, Cristiano. "The interplay of local cluster development and global inter-cluster brain circulation : a governance perspective in emergent economies." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143931.
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Clusters de alta tecnologia são vistos como importantes centros de inovação e produção em uma economia atual global e interconectada. Observa-se um maior interesse da comunidade acadêmica pela relação entre o desenvolvimento de clusters de alta tecnologia em economias emergentes e suas conexões globais através da ‘circulação de talentos entre os clusters’ (em inglês, IBC). IBC representa, tipicamente, a difusão e transferência de tecnologias, conhecimentos e práticas através de redes individuais entre clusters emergentes e clusters já estabelecidos, os quais estão globalmente interconectados através dos laços destas redes. O foco deste estudo está no papel controverso da IBC no estímulo ao crescimento e melhoria de clusters maiores/em crescimento versus clusters menores/nascentes. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor formas de governança da IBC para conduzir estes processos nos seus diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. O contexto empírico investigado está baseado em (a) dois casos consolidados da literatura: as conexões de Bangalore (IN) - Vale do Silício e Hsinchu (TW) - Vale do Silício; e, (b) dois casos originais: as conexões de Daedeok Innopolis (KR) – EUA e Vale dos Sinos (BR) – Coreia. O método de pesquisa utilizado é qualitativo com a aplicação de 26 entrevistas em profundidade como fonte principal de evidência. Com base nos casos estudados, é possível argumentar que os clusters maiores/em crescimento se beneficiam de uma IBC orgânica, estimulada pelas dinâmicas e forças do mercado, enquanto os clusters menores/nascentes dependem de um esforço coordenado devido à falta de atratividade inicial para empresas e indivíduos. Além disto, com vistas à eficácia da IBC no estimulo ao crescimento e melhoria de clusters, também se pode argumentar que a intervenção nas dinâmicas da IBC se reduz ao longo da evolução dos clusters, passando de um esforço coordenado nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento do cluster para um processo orgânico da IBC guiado pelo mercado em estágios mais avançados de desenvolvimento. Este estudo tem implicações importantes no entendimento da conectividade de clusters, do papel da governança para o crescimento e melhoria de clusters e das estratégias efetivas de catch-up para economias emergentes.High-tech clusters are important hubs of innovation and production in an increasingly interconnected global economy. There has been an increasing interest from scholars in the embeddedness of local cluster development, in particular of high-tech industries in emergent economies, and global connectivity, in particular in the dynamics and role of inter-cluster brain circulation (IBC). IBC denotes knowledge, technology and practice diffusion and translation through individual networks between emergent and typically more established clusters that are globally interconnected through these network ties. Of particular interest to this study is the controversial role of IBC in stimulating the growth and upgrading of larger/growing versus smaller/nascent clusters. Using the lens of network governance, this study aims to propose forms of IBC governance for steering these processes. The empirical context of investigation is composed of (a) two prior studies of IBC in the cases of Bangalore (IN) - Silicon Valley and Hsinchu (TW) - Silicon Valley connections and (b) two original empirical cases examining the Sinos Valley (BR) - Korea connection and Daedeok Innopolis (KR) - US connection. A qualitative research method strategy is employed in these two original cases using 26 in-depth interviews across both cases as a source of evidence. Based on the studied cases, it is possible to argue that for larger-scale growing clusters, IBC-growth dynamics may unfold as an ‘organic process’ through self-reinforcing market forces, whereas small-scale embryonic clusters depend on a ‘coordinated effort’ of this process because they lack initial market attractiveness for both individuals and firms. Further, focusing on the effectiveness of IBC in steering the growth and upgrading of clusters, it can also be argued that IBC governance changes through a gradual decreasing in the intervention to stimulate IBC, from a ‘coordinated effort’ in the early stage to a spontaneous increase in the marketdriven process of IBC as an ‘organic process’ in the mature stage of cluster development. This study has important implications for understanding cluster connectivity, the role of governance in cluster growth and upgrading, and the effective catch-up strategies of emerging economies.
17
Brosnan, Lisa. "Planning For Chaos: Cluster Strategies Of Economic Development." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/542.
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With this thesis I will attempt to demonstrate the value of using chaos theory as a framework for understanding the emergence and development of clusters as a strategy for economic development. The application of the principles of chaos theory will be used to judge the relative success of specific clusters through a case study approach and historical analysis to determine the change agents and other significant factors influential to the growth of economic clusters. Because clusters are turbulent, non-linear systems that are sensitive to endogenous and exogenous triggers, chaos theory may provide the conceptual foundation appropriate to the study of economic clusters. A more thorough understanding of the emergence and development of economic clusters may illuminate policies and practices for regional planners, economic development professionals and policy makers.
18
Berryman, Evan T. "The Role of Universities in Industrial Cluster Development: The Case for Ohio University in Dayton." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556642523105189.
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Whitehurst, Fiona Clare. "The use and misuse of clusters in economic development policy : a case study of two cluster policy initiatives in the North East of England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/896.
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This thesis examines the development of cluster policy and considers the extent to which difficulties in implementing cluster policy can be attributed to a lack of understanding of the concepts that underlie clusters. In order to move beyond the work of Michael Porter's (1990,1998) and to provide a conceptualisation of clusters that considers the notion that traded transactions may be more efficiently conducted when spatially concentrated, but also allows for an understanding that economic processes are path dependent, influenced by their institutional and cultural context and shaped by the motivations and behaviour of individual actors, this thesis uses Storper's (1997) `holy trinity' of `technologies-organisations-territories' as a framework to examine a wide range of concepts that underlie our understanding of clusters. The conclusion is that clusters are highly context dependent, and that multilayered explanations for their existence and evolution are required. The way in which cluster policy has developed is also highly context dependent and each element of Storper's triumvirate has implications for cluster policy. Given a lack of agreement as to the definition and nature of cluster policy, this thesis proposes that cluster policy development be understood as a process and a five-stage cluster policy model is developed. This model is used both to consider the literature regarding cluster policy and also as a framework to examine the development of two cluster policy initiatives in the North East of England and their impact on actors within one particular cluster in the region. These case studies indicate that the level of understanding of cluster concepts amongst policy makers, and issues throughout the cluster policy making process, impacted on the development and the outcomes of the policy initiatives, but that the development and outcomes were also influenced by the nature of the particular cluster. The thesis concludes that a better understanding of the scale and boundaries of clusters and the distinct theoretical elements making up cluster concepts may lead to a better conceptualisation of clusters and cluster theory. A series of policy recommendations is then drawn.
20
Ingram, Gwyneth. "The role of the fimbriata gene cluster in plant development." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317998.
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21
Silva, Jorge Antonio Santos. ""Turismo, crescimento e desenvolvimento: uma análise urbano-regional baseada em cluster"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27148/tde-02122005-231931/.
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Esta tese teve como objeto a análise da condição do turismo, enquanto atividade econômica, de promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento regional, e sob que modelo teórico-metodológico, estrutura e configuração. Um objetivo diretamente vinculado ao objeto da tese consistiu na análise da coerência e propriedade da aplicação do conceito de cluster, formulado por Michael Porter, bem como o de cadeia produtiva, à atividade do turismo, conformando um cluster turístico. Em paralelo buscou examinar a condição de uma configuração de cluster de turismo poder ser considerada como um modelo de desenvolvimento regional. Secundariamente, mas com uma relação direta com o conceito de cadeia produtiva, foi focalizada a noção de fugas ou vazamentos da economia de uma região, decorrentes de pagamentos efetuados a fornecedores localizados fora da região pelo suprimento dos inputs necessários à estrutura produtiva da economia dessa região. Tais vazamentos provocam uma redução na magnitude da retenção local ou regional dos resultados econômicos propiciados pela atividade do turismo. A competitividade e sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento turístico, em base endógena, pressupõe a internalização da produção de tais inputs, através da criação de novas atividades produtivas e do fortalecimento das já existentes, visando eliminar pontos de estrangulamentos e implicando no adensamento dos encadeamentos setoriais, para frente e para trás, que integram a estrutura produtiva da economia da região. Para a elaboração desta tese foi efetuada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, em fontes primárias e secundárias, e realizado um trabalho empírico junto à hotelaria de Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia. Este levantamento visou avaliar a incidência de fugas no valor da contribuição do turismo para a economia de Salvador, a partir da rede hoteleira, bem como identificar variáveis influenciadoras e áreas por onde ocorrem os vazamentos, ficando evidenciado que as fugas se relacionam diretamente com problemas e dificuldades que os hotéis encontram com os fornecedores locais de bens e serviços, e também com o tamanho do estabelecimento e a propriedade do capital, se local ou de cadeias nacionais e internacionais. O estudo realizado permitiu concluir que para regiões deprimidas economicamente, o turismo pode atuar como atividade motora de cresciemnto econômico, mas sem condições de, isoladamente, promover o desenvolvimento regional. O modelo de cluster, na concepção de Michael Porter, de enfoque marcadamente empresarial e microeconômico, caracterizado pela presença de grandes indústrias, de dimensão nacional e com elevada amplitude espacial e alto nível de agregação, não se aplica apropriadamente ao turismo e não pode ser considerado como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento regional. O agrupamento que tem o turismo como atividade nuclear, com foco no destino turístico entendido como um microcluster e que apresente as características de delimitação da amplitude geográfica de seu entorno, delimitação da abrangência territorial do próprio agrupamento, delimitação do segmento turístico principal e dos seus sub-segmentos, bem como do próprio mercado alvo, pode ser qualificado como um cluster de turismo que reúne as condições de modelar estratégias e promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de micro-regiões ou zonas turísticas. Deste modo, o microcluster constitui o modelo viabilizador do alcance e sustentação do desenvolvimento regional, como resultado da interação entre a função de especialização o turismo, e o território o destino turístico e seu entorno próximo.This thesis had as object the analysis of the condition of tourism, while economical activity, of promoting the growth and the regional development, and under that theoretical-methodological model, structure and configuration. An objective directly linked to the object of the thesis consisted in the analysis of the coherence and property of the application of the cluster concept, formulated by Michael Porter, as well as the one of productive chain, to the activity of tourism, conforming a tourist cluster. In parallel it looked for to examine the condition of a configuration of cluster of tourism to be considered as a model of regional development. Secondarily, but with a direct relationship with the concept of productive chain, it was focused the notion of escapes or leaks of the economy of an area, current of payments made to suppliers located out of the area by the supply of the necessary inputs to the productive structure of the economy of that area. Such leaks provoke a reduction in the magnitude of local or regional retention of the economical results propitiated by the activity of the tourism. The competitiveness and support of the tourist development, in endogenous base, presupposes to immerse the production of such inputs, through the creation of new productive activities and of the invigoration of the already existent, seeking to eliminate strangulation points and implicating in the aggregation of the sectorial linkages, forward and back, that integrate the productive structure of the economy of the region. For the elaboration of this thesis an extensive bibliographical revision was made, in primary and secondary sources, and accomplished an empiric work close to the hostelry of Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia. This experiment sought to evaluate the incidence of escapes in the value of the contribution of the tourism for the economy of Salvador, starting from the hotel net, as well as to identify variables that influence and areas through where happen the leaks, being evidenced that the escapes link directly with problems and difficulties that the hotels find with the local suppliers of goods and services, and also with the size of the establishment and the property of the capital, if place or of national and international chains. The accomplished study allowed to end that for areas economically depressed, the tourism can act as motive activity of economical growth, but without conditions of, separately, to promote the regional development. The cluster model, in Michael Porter's conception, of focus remarkably business and micro economic, characterized by the presence of great industries, of national dimension and with high space width and high aggregation level, it doesn't reply adequately to the tourism and it cannot be considered as a strategy of regional development. The grouping that has the tourism as nuclear activity, with focus in the destiny tourist expert as a micro cluster and that it presents the characteristics of delimitation of the geographical with of its spill, delimitation of the territorial inclusion of the own grouping, delimitation of the main tourist segment and of their sub-segments, as well as of the own target of market, it can be qualified as a cluster of tourism that gathers the conditions of to model strategies and to promote the growth and the development of micro regions or tourist zones. This way, the micro cluster constitutes the model that makes possible the reach and support of the regional development, as a result of the interaction among the specialization function - the tourism, and the territory - the tourist destiny and its spills close.
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Swords, Jon. "Public sector led development in the Northumberland Heritage Cluster." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/120.
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This thesis maps, for the first time, the Northumberland Heritage Cluster (NHC). Outlining the key theories within clusters discourse I develop a multi-perspective approach to understanding clusters. In parallel with this I draw on understandings of heritage to help identify who, how and why heritages are harnessed by various sectors. In applying these frameworks, I begin by using a Porter-inspired approach to identify a cluster consisting of activity linked to five heritage related sectors: (1) the cultural industries (2) the land-based industries (3) tourism (4) local food and drink and (5) the cultural heritage sector. A series of key ‘assets’ are highlighted within these sectors that present development opportunities for the NHC. Building on this foundation I delve further into the cluster to uncover its socio-economic characteristics and institutional architecture. I identify an embryonic agglomeration with a dominant public sector and high levels of collaboration. A common enterprise, or ‘industrial purpose’, is revealed that aids collective learning and co-operation amongst cluster members. This ‘spirit’ has its source in Northumberland’s history, the role of the public sector and an altruism not found in many clusters. I argue that heritage plays a key role as a catalysing resource that provides a collective identity and inspires cluster members to work for the greater good. In addition to economic objectives, community and environmental development activity are important parts of the NHC. These sustainable development objectives are illustrated through a series of case studies. In mapping the characteristics of the Northumberland Heritage Cluster, this thesis seeks to challenge stylised notions about the role of clusters in local and regional development. I argue they hold the potential to spur holistic development with more diverse outcomes than simply economic growth.
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Black, Joshua. "Development and applications of Quasi-Variational Coupled-Cluster theory." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/105353/.
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The Quasi-Variational (QV) family of methods are a set of single-reference algorithms that can be used to investigate multireference systems with large nondynamic correlation effects. Within this current work, the Quasi-Variational Coupled Cluster Doubles (QVCCD) equations are derived and implemented into Molpro’s Integrated Tensor Framework (ITF), to produce fast and efficient code. This code, coupled with a new orbital optimisation implementation, is used to calculate potential energy curves for third-row diatomic molecules. In contrast to Traditional Coupled-Cluster methods, the QV methods are able to correctly describe the dissociation of these molecules. QV and several other single-reference methods are also applied to 5 chemical databases comprising of 88 unique reactions. From this, the activation and reaction energies are determined and contrasted. The QV methods produce larger activation energies that may correct the shortcomings of the perturbative triples correction. These results also include a new QV method with n ‘asymmetricrenormalised’ triples correction. The numerical results show there is little difference between this procedure and ‘symmetric-renormalised’ triples. Currently, only closed-shell QVCCD programs exist. Unrestricted QVCCD equations are derived and presented in the hope that this will facilitate the realisation of an open-shell QVCCD program. Finally, calculating the rate of a chemical reaction is of fundamental importance to chemistry. Knowledge of how quickly a reaction proceeds allows for an understanding of macroscopic chemical change. Rate constants are calculated with the on-the-fly Instanton method. In contrast to semi-classical Transition State Theory, the Instanton method incorporates quantum effects like atomic tunnelling into its rate constants. The effects of hydrogen tunnelling are examined for a reaction involving a Criegee intermediate. It is discovered that tunnelling does play a role in the reaction rate and may increase it by a factor of 1000. Combination of the Instanton calculations with the QV methods are discussed.
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Singla, Chandan Dev. "Knowledge-based cluster development in India : opportunities and challenges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58642.
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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, Center for Real Estate, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).
Knowledge-based industries tend to cluster. The nature of activities illustrate the importance of networks and virtual and proximity aspects of clustering. Review of existing literature brings out the advantages of clustering for such industries. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the current status of development, both economic and real estate, in the knowledge-based industries in India. A stylized model is used as a reference to understand the status of economic development. Current body of literature and interview results from this study suggests transitioning nature of India's knowledge-based industry from being a services provider to becoming a knowledge provider. However, there are challenges in the transition process related to infrastructure and human resource. This study suggests that a large scale mixed use project may in fact be able to address some of the ongoing issues in the economic domain. The proposed development may lead to clustering of business and universities thus, giving rise to a knowledge-based cluster in India.
by Chandan Dev Singla.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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Pekárová, Dominika. "Zvýšení propagace malých a středních podniků prostřednictvím vytvoření turistického klastru v Středočeském regionu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113489.
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This diploma thesis will show how mutual cooperation of small and medium businesses in a tourism cluster can increase promotion and revenue in the tourism industry. Theoretical part of this study presents definitions, characteristics and typology of clusters. Later on, the theoretical part describes practices in the mapping of clusters and a cluster's lifecycle. The last chapters will summarize the benefits of clusters to its stakeholders and means of financing and program support via EU grants. Practical part is focused on the strategy of a tourism cluster in the Central Bohemian region of the Czech Republic. This strategy also includes useful examples of how the cluster members can actively and effectively participate in managing mutual activities and projects. Operations, organizational structure, finance and support are also topics that are going to be discussed in this study.
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Nuur, Cali. "Cluster Dynamics and Industrial Policy in Peripheral Regions : a study of cluster formation as a local development process." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Industrial Economics and Management, Royal Institute of Technology : Arbetslivsinstitutet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-475.
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Zumbach, Klaus U. "The Role of Cluster Theory for Economic Development: Does Porter's Competitive Diamond Fail to Explain Dubai's Financial Cluster?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1274974773.
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Wilson, Jennifer L. "Using Identity Processing Styles to Better Understand a Comprehensive Status Model of Identity Development." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1306164903.
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Bittencourt, Bruno Anicet. "Capacidade de inovação de clusters : um estudo no agronegócio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143275.
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Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a capacidade de inovação do cluster do agronegócio e como a firma se beneficia dela. Parte-se da premissa que inovação é uma necessidade para as firmas e as relações interoganizacionais é uma alternativa para que ela ocorra. Dentre essas relações, os clusters se destacam, havendo estudos que mostram que as firmas inseridas nessas aglomerações tendem a ser mais inovativas. Sendo assim, buscou-se compreender a capacidade de inovação de cluster, os benefícios dela oferecidos às firmas e as relações das firmas com cluster em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória com dois clusters do agronegócio, da atividade da ovinocultura. Os casos selecionados, de Sisteron (França), em estágio de crescimento, e do Alto do Camaquã (Brasil), em estágio emergente. Inicialmente, buscou-se a descrição do contexto local e do cluster, compreendendo os atores inseridos nas aglomerações. Em seguida, os casos foram analisados a partir de elementos previamente estabelecidos pela literatura: contexto, estratégia coletiva, políticas públicas, comercialização, pró-atividade, relações externas, transmissão, colaboração, assimilação, transformação e aplicação do conhecimento, governança, infraestrutura, recursos financeiros e humanos. A partir disso, realizou-se uma comparação entre os dois clusters a fim de compreender as divergências em razão da diferença de estágio de desenvolvimento. Por fim, chegou-se a um modelo de capacidade de inovação do cluster, composta pela capacidade de gestão estratégica, capacidade de relações e aprendizagem, capacidade de desenvolvimento tecnológico e mercadológico e capacidade de gestão operacional. Além disso, entendeu-se que as firmas de clusters em crescimento possuem mais garantias e comprometimento com a estratégia coletiva do aglomerado do que as de clusters emergentes. Ainda, evidenciou-se uma relação inversa entre os benefícios propostos pela capacidade de inovação do cluster e as necessidades usuais das firmas, trazendo a complementariedade e interdependência das capacidades, o que proporciona uma robustez em relação à inovação das firmas inseridas nos aglomerados.This research aims to analyze the agribusiness cluster innovation capability and how the firm benefits from it. The premise is that innovation is a necessity for firms and their interrelations are an alternative for it. Among these relationships, clusters stand out, with studies showing that firms in clusters tend to be more innovative. Thus, this research includes to understand the cluster innovation capability, the benefits that it offer to firms and the relationship of firms in cluster from different stages of development. For this, there was an exploratory research with two agribusiness clusters of sheep industry. Two cases were analyzed: the first from Sisteron (France), in the growth stage, and the second from Alto Camaquã (Brazil), in emerging stage. Initially, was realized a description of the local context, then the clusters and the actors inserted in these agglomerations were analyzed. The analysis emerged from elements previously established in the literature: context, collective strategy, public policy, commercialization, pro-activity, external relations, transmission collaboration, assimilation, transformation and application of knowledge, governance, infrastructure, financial resources and human resources. From this, there was a comparison between the two clusters in order to understand the differences due to their development stage. Finally, we arrived to a model of cluster innovation capability, composed by the strategic management, relationships and learning, technological development and marketing and operational. Moreover, it was understood that firms in growing clusters have more guarantees and commitment to the collective strategy of the cluster than the emerging clusters. Also showed an inverse relationship between the benefits offered by cluster innovation capability and the usual needs of firms, bringing the complementarity and interdependence of capabilities, which provides robustness for innovation firms inserted in clusters.
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Tantsuyev, Andriy. "Perspectives for logistics clusters development in Russia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77470.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-66).
This thesis is a normative work aimed at identifying locations in Russia with high, medium and unclear potentials for logistics cluster development. As a framework this work uses four different models of logistics clusters: Major Seaport, Auxiliary Seaport, Major Inland and Auxiliary Inland logistics clusters. Conclusions are based on analysis of port connectivity, population incomes within eight hours of driving from a specific location, auto roads accessibility, economic effectiveness of local government and quality of auto roads. This paper provides guidelines for decision makers about how to set up the rail infrastructure in order to support the logistics development across different parts of Russia. Furthermore, this work suggests where future research should be amplified, especially concerning the quality of input data.
by Andriy Tantsuyev.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Bennett, Thomas Gerald Hart. "Development of a parallel SAR processor on a Beowulf cluster." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5247.
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Includes bibliographical references.The purpose of this dissertation is to present the development and testing of the parallelisation of a Range-Doppler SAR processor. The inherent data parallelism found in SAR data lead to the choice of using master slave parallel processor, where copies of a slave task perform the same tasks on different sets of data. However, the SAR processor that was parallelised needed to implement a corner turn without saving data to disk keeping the data set being processed distributed in memory over the nodes in the cluster. This was successfully achieved using a in-place method, thus saving valuable memory resources. Once the parallel processor was implemented some timing tests were performed, yielding a maximum speedup factor of 6.2 for an 8 slave processor system.
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Maritz, Andre. "Development of a Human Resource development strategy for the Border-Kei motor industry cluster." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23.
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DaimlerChrysler’s investment of R 1.4 billion in its East London Plant has resulted in the formation and development of an industry cluster, with DaimlerChrysler as the main industry driver. The rest of the cluster is made up of suppliers to the motor industry, as well as organisations involved in attracting and stimulating economic development in the region. The investment by DaimlerChrysler signalled the entry of DaimlerChrysler South Africa (DCSA) into global markets, supplying right-hand drive C-Class vehicles to the rest of the world. As a global player, world-class quality standards are expected of DCSA and, in turn, their suppliers. World-Class skills are therefore expected of the employees from all of the organisations within the cluster. This factor poses a challenge to South African organisations who are subjected to and challenged by the legislation that seeks to address and correct the societal imbalance of the past. The research problem addressed in this study was two-fold. The first objective was to determine whether or not there was a competitive advantage to be gained by being part of an industry cluster. The second objective was to determine how suppliers to DCSA from within the cluster developed world-class skills despite the constraints imposed upon them by South African legislation. To achieve these objectives, a theoretical study was conducted on existing conditions within clusters worldwide, as well as on methods being implemented by global organisations to develop world-class skills. An empirical study, covering the topics of competitive advantage and developing world-class skills, was developed and sent to suppliers of DCSA to test the degree of concurrence between methods implemented in the Border-Kei Motor Industry Cluster and global organisations elsewhere in the world. The results of the empirical study indicated a strong concurrence in many of the factors, and essentially only differed in instances where a cluster was more developed.
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Jarvis, Paul S. "Determining geographical causal relationships through the development of spatial cluster detection and feature selection techniques." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2006. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/determining-geographical-casual-relationships-through-the-development-of-spatial-cluster-detection-and-feature-selection-techniques(7a882804-5565-44d7-8635-e59c66e2e9bc).html.
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Spatial datasets contain information relating to the locations of incidents of a disease or other phenomena. Appropriate analysis of such datasets can reveal information about the distribution of cases of the phenomena. Areas that contain higher than expected incidence of the phenomena, given the background population, are of particular interest. Such clusters of cases may be affected by external factors. By analysing the locations of potential influences, it may be possible to establish whether a cause and effect relationship is present within the dataset. This thesis describes research that has led to the development and application of cluster detection and feature selection techniques in order to determine whether causal relationships are present within generic spatial datasets. The techniques are described and demonstrated, and their effectiveness established by testing them using synthetic datasets. The techniques are then applied to a dataset supplied by the Welsh Leukaemia Registry that details all cases of leukaemia diagnosed in Wales between 1990 and 2000. Cluster detection techniques can be used to provide information about case distribution. A novel technique, CLAP, has been developed that scans the study region and identifies the statistical significance of the levels of incidence in specific areas. Feature selection techniques can be used to identify the extent to which a selection of inputs impact upon a given output. Results from CLAP are combined with details of the locations of potential causal factors, in the form of a numerical dataset that can be analysed using feature selection techniques. Established techniques and a newly developed technique are used for the analysis. Results from such analysis allow conclusions to be drawn as to whether geographical causal relationships are apparent.
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Wei, Ping. "Clusters, governance and the development of local economies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435390.
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Rocha, Hector Osvaldo. "Entrepreneurship and regional development : the role of clusters." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416962.
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Kirkbride, Helen J. "Expression of the HOXA gene cluster in human myeloid cell development." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242454.
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Matthews, Nazeema I. "Inclusive economic development : the case of the South African biofuels cluster." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52443.
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There is growing debate and interest by global institutions such as the World Bank, World
Economic Forum and academics alike, in the field of inclusive growth and development. The
current debates pivot on the pace, patterns and process of including marginalised groups
such as women, youth and persons living with disabilities (PWD) into the market economy.
Inclusive growth focussed on the use of broad-based participation in the market economy,
while inclusive development pivots on the inclusion of the marginalised in the process of
economic development. The debate, however, fails to incorporate the role of industrialised
economic development.
The purpose of the study is to understand the latent potential the South African biofuels
sector may hold in local economic development and the participation opportunities. An
inclusive economic development construct was developed with the intention to incorporate
localised industrial development, thereby increasing the participation of marginalised groups
in the process and pace of development. The theoretical construct was applied to the
contentious biofuels industry development process.
The draft position paper on the biofuels regulatory framework was used as the foundation of
the research data gathering and analysis of the two-phased qualitative method. The
qualitative content analysis instrument was used across both phases, and triangulated to
increase the validity and reliability of the findings.
The evidence suggests that the biofuels industry holds the potential for inclusive economic
development. The achievement of inclusive economic development is, however, dependent
on the policy development and process legitimacy and coherence across and within existing
structures. Demand and supply-side policies are still outstanding to stimulate the
development of the new industry, while possible diversification opportunities exist through
the use of co-production to enter existing high value markets and value chains.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
zk2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Smith, Christopher Edward. "Development and Application of Coupled Cluster Ground- and Excited-State Models." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27421.
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We give an overview of quantum chemical methods with a particular emphasis on the development of high-accuracy quantum chemical models. The reliability of these methods often hinges on whether enough electron correlation is included in the truncated wave function.
As an example, we investigate the structures of m-benzyne and its fluorinated derivative, tetrafluoro-m-benzyne where the inclusion of triple excitations is paramount to correctly describe through-bond delocalization of the monocyclic form. At the CCSDT/6-31G** level of theory, the C1â C3 distance of the minimum energy form of m-benzyne is 2.0°A and the profile of the PES along the C1â C3 distance is that of an asymmetric, single-well, in agreement with previous density-functional theory and coupled cluster studies. In addition, the calculated CCSD(T) fundamental frequencies are in excellent agreement with the measured infrared frequencies, thus confirming the monocyclic form of m-benzyne. For tetrafluoro-m-benzyne, however, the increased eclipsing strain between the ring-external Câ X bonds stabilizes the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexatriene form: the C1â C3 distance is calculated at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level to be approximately 1.75 °A, which is in the range of elongated CC bonds. Computed harmonic vibrational frequencies compare reasonably well with the experimental neon-matrix difference spectrum and provide further evidence for the existence of a bicyclic form.
We also report an extension of the coupled cluster iterative-triples model, CC3, to excited states of open-shell molecules, including radicals. We define the method for both spin-unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) and spin-restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock (ROHF) reference determinants and discuss its efficient implementation in the PSI3 program package. The program is streamlined to use at most O(N7) computational steps and avoids storage of the triple-excitation amplitudes for both the ground-and excited-state calculations. The excitation-energy program makes use of a Lowdin projection formalism (comparable to that of earlier implementations) that allows computational reduction of the Davidson algorithm to only the single- and double-excitation space, but limits the calculation to only one excited state at a time. However, a root-following algorithm may be used to compute energies for multiple states of the same symmetry. Benchmark applications of the new methods to the lowest valence 2B1 state of the allyl radical, low-lying states of the CH and CO+ diatomics, and the nitromethyl radical show substantial improvement over ROHF- and UHF-based
CCSD excitation energies for states with strong double-excitation character or cases suffering from significant spin contamination. For the allyl radical, CC3 adiabatic excitation energies differ from experiment by less than 0.02 eV, while for the 2§+ state of CH, significant errors of more than 0.4 eV remain.
Finally, ground- and excited-state dipole moments are derived diagramatically and were recently developed within the PSI3 quantum chemistry package. However, convergence problems with computing the left-hand excited-state has prevented us from reporting any meaningful results. Thus, future work includes solving this convergence problem before the effects of triple excitations on one-electron properties can be reported with certainty.Ph. D.
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Emmoth, Anna. "The Legitimacy Process that Supports the Formation and Development of Cluster Initiatives : The Case of a Tourism Cluster Initiative in Dalarna." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för tjänsteforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-42021.
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Today, large public investments are being made with the aim of creating and developing cooperation between businesses in inter-organizational networks. Such initiatives are commonly denoted cluster initiatives and their underlying purpose are to spur innovation and regional growth. Much research has been conducted in this field, but relatively few studies have examined the process of cluster initiatives. By following the case of a regional cluster project within the tourism industry in the region of Dalarna, Sweden, the objective of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of the formation and development process of cluster initiatives. The investigation has been conducted by examining two main themes; the internal relationships within the cluster initiative and the relationships between the cluster initiative and its external stakeholders, such as funding agencies, regional government and local businesses. The analysis is based on a legitimacy perspective and indicates that the coordinating body of the cluster initiative, the hub, principally deals with a legitimation process. What occurs within the cluster initiative, between the members themselves and between the members and the hub, is legitimation. This also applies to external relationships, between the hub and its external stakeholders. A prerequisite for the realization of its mission is that the hub obtain and sustain legitimacy; legitimacy for itself, for the other members, for the idea, for the different activities and for the industry as such.
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Abercrombie, Celina. "Planning implications of cluster housing for wetlands and their buffers." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2006. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Abercrombie_C%20MESThesis.pdf.
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Sushko, Petr Valentinovich. "Development and application of embedded cluster methodologies for defects in ionic materials." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326037.
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VALE, MARCOS NEVES DO. "DATA CLUSTERING: ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATION FOR CLUSTER ANALYSIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7975@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA enorme massa de dados que é gerada pelas diversas empresas diariamente pode conter informações importantes que não são fáceis de serem extraídas. Com isso advém a necessidade de analisá-los automaticamente, de forma adequada, extraindo informação útil que pode agregar algum tipo de conhecimento. Uma das formas de se analisar os dados automaticamente é através da análise de agrupamentos. Ela procura encontrar grupos de dados semelhantes entre si. As técnicas de análise de agrupamentos revelam como os dados estão estruturados e resultam em um melhor entendimento sobre o negócio. Existe ainda hoje uma escassez de ferramentas para esse fim. Em um problema real de agrupamento de dados convém analisar os dados através da utilização de diferentes métodos, a fim de buscar aquele que melhor se adapte ao problema. Porém, as ferramentas existentes hoje em dia não são integradas, onde cada ferramenta possui um subconjunto dos métodos existentes de agrupamento. Dessa forma o usuário fica limitado à utilização de uma ferramenta específica ou é obrigado a conhecer diversas ferramentas diferentes, de forma a melhor analisar os dados de sua empresa. Esta dissertação apresenta uma revisão detalhada de todo o processo de análise de agrupamentos e o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo que visa não apenas a atender as deficiências presentes na maioria das ferramentas com esse fim, mas também a auxiliar, de forma mais completa, todo o processo de análise dos grupos. O aplicativo desenvolvido é de fácil utilização e permite que a ele sejam incorporados outros métodos eventualmente desenvolvidos pelo usuário. O aplicativo foi avaliado em três estudos de casos, os quais visam demonstrar a facilidade de uso do aplicativo, assim como avaliar as vantagens do uso de métodos de natureza fuzzy em uma base de dados real.
The enormous data mass that is daily generated by several companies can contain critical information that might not be easily retrieved, considering that the amount of data is generally huge and/or the target information might be spread through different data bases. Taking that into consideration, it might be necessary to properly analyze the data in an automatic way, so useful and valuable information can be extracted. One way of automatically analyzing data is through cluster analysis. This type of analysis searches for related similar data. These clusters settle a data structure model and with proper analysis can reveal important information. The techniques used in cluster analysis disclose how data is structured and allow a better knowledge of the business. Still today there is a lack of tools for this purpose. On a real situation with a data cluster problem it is wise to analyze the data through different methods, so we can find the one that better fits the problem. However, today the existing tools are not integrated, and each tool has a subgroup of existing cluster methods. This way the user stays limited to use only one specific tool or is forced to be aware of a number of different tools, so he would be able to better analyze the company data. This study presents a detailed review of the whole group analysis process and develops an application that not only suggests how to cover the currently lack of tools for this purpose, but also to help the complete cluster analysis process in a more extended way. The application developed is user friendly and allows other methods developed by users to be incorporated. The application has been evaluated into three case studies with the purpose of demonstrating its user friendly, as well as evaluating the advantages of using fuzzy methods on a true data base.
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Ngiam, Shih-Tung. "Development of a cluster deposition process for fabricating quantum dot composite materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40215.
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Ngxande, Mkhuseli. "Development of high performance computing cluster for evaluation of sequence alignment algorithms." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020163.
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As the biological databases are increasing rapidly, there is a challenge for both Biologists and Computer Scientists to develop algorithms and databases to manage the increasing data. There are many algorithms developed to align the sequences stored in biological databases - some take time to process the data while others are inefficient to produce reasonable results. As more data is generated, and time consuming algorithms are developed to handle them, there is a need for specialized computers to handle the computations. Researchers are typically limited by the computational power of their computers. High Performance Computing (HPC) field addresses this challenge and can be used in a cost-effective manner where there is no need for expensive equipment, instead old computers can be used together to form a powerful system. This is the premise of this research, wherein the setup of a low-cost Beowulf cluster is explored, with the subsequent evaluation of its performance for processing sequent alignment algorithms. A mixed method methodology is used in this dissertation, which consists of literature study, theoretical and practise based system. This mixed method methodology also have a proof and concept where the Beowulf cluster is designed and implemented to perform the sequence alignment algorithms and also the performance test. This dissertation firstly gives an overview of sequence alignment algorithms that are already developed and also highlights their timeline. A presentation of the design and implementation of the Beowulf Cluster is highlighted and this is followed by the experiments on the baseline performance of the cluster. A detailed timeline of the sequence alignment algorithms is given and also the comparison between ClustalW-MPI and T-Coffee (Tree-based Consistency Objective Function For alignment Evaluation) algorithm is presented as part of the findings in the research study. The efficiency of the cluster was observed to be 19.8%, this percentage is unexpected because the predicted efficiency is 83.3%, which is found in the theoretical cluster calculator. The theoretical performance of the cluster showed a high performance as compared with the experimental performance, this is attributable to the slow network, which was 100Mbps, low processor speed of 2.50 GHz, and low memory of 2 Gigabytes.
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Tödtling, Franz, Alexander Auer, and Tanja Sinozic. "Driving factors for cluster development - Which kind of spatial rootedness and change?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4417/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2014_06.pdf.
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Driving factors and mechanisms for cluster development have often been investigated based on the
standard cluster approach as conceptualised e.g. by Michael Porter. These studies have revealed
certain insights regarding the role of local entrepreneurship, factor conditions, demand, and related
industries in supporting clusters. However, such factors were analysed often from a static
competitiveness perspective, and they were often seen as rooted in a region or part of an overly
schematic local-global pattern. We suggest instead that driving factors of cluster development
coexist at several spatial scales such as regional, national, European and global levels. We also argue
that specific factors change in their importance for firms and for clusters over time, and that these
changes are industry- and knowledge base specific. Relying on insights from cluster life cycle-,
evolutionary- and knowledge base approaches among others we investigate changes in driving
factors for cluster development and their relationship to different geographical scales. We provide
some answers to these questions by comparing the environmental technology sector of Upper
Austria and the New Media sector of Vienna, industries that differ in their knowledge bases and their
spatial rootedness. (authors' abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Carpiaux, Weston. "GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS CLUSTERS CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY DIFFERENTLY THAN TRADITIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/284644.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare a geometric morphometric approach for grouping different skeletal malocclusions to a traditional cephalometric approach for a subject population undergoing orthognathic surgery for treatment of malocclusion. Methods: Traditional cephalometric measurements were used to diagnose the skeletal malocclusion each subject in both the sagittal (SNA, SNB, ANB, Facial Angle) and vertical dimensions (SN-MP, FMA, Downs Y-Axis, Facial Axis, P-A Face Height). These were compared to skeletal diagnoses given by the treating surgeon. Lastly, geometric morphometrics was used to identify shape variance within the population, cluster homogeneous subsets, and identify variance between the clusters. Results: Traditional cephalometric analysis identified 21 Class II open, 18 Class II normal, 5 Class II deep, 3 Class I open, 4 Class I normal, 2 Class I deep, 2 Class III open, 4 Class III normal, 3 Class III deep. The surgeon identified 17 Class II open, 20 Class II normal, 13 Class II deep, 1 Class I open, 0 Class I normal, 0 Class I deep, 4 Class III open, 3 Class III normal, 4 Class III deep. Geometric morphometrics identified 6 clusters showing greatest variance through 1) vertical divergence, 2) sagittal positioning of the jaws, and 3) ramus height. Conclusion: Cephalometric analysis and a geometric morphometrics approaches to classification of malocclusion grouped subjects into distinct populations. However, the groupings did not agree between the two approaches.
Temple University--Theses
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Nyagah, Judith W. "The acquisition of initial English consonant clusters by Kikuyu children." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307002.
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Miller, Chad Richard. "The Tholian Web: The Political/Institutional Context of Regional Cluster-Based Economic Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27984.
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This is an exploratory study that applies the dominant theories of the community power structure literature to the trend of regional cluster-based economic development policy in order to develop a conceptual framework of the political/institutional context of this "new" approach. In order to develop a framework that can be utilized by practitioners, field studies were conducted in Austin, Texas; Portland, Oregon; Greenville/Spartanburg, South Carolina; Lynchburg, Virginia; and Roanoke, Virginia. The findings are that the major community power structure theories (i.e., market model, economic forces, civic culture, regime theory, the growth machine, and civic entrepreneurs) all provide important insights for the adoption of cluster-based policies. Other important factors that need to be considered are the importance of public administrators, performance metrics, state context, institutional arrangements, elected officials, tax structure, and historical path dependency. The implication for public administration is that the role of public administrators is contingent on the nature of the network governance structure.Ph. D.
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Speirs, Leland V. Jr. "The land of oz : a case study of rural cluster development in Wamego, Kansas." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1331.
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Marini, Marcos Junior. "Arranjos produtivos locais e desenvolvimento sustentável regional: uma proposição metodológica de análise aplicada no APL de confecção do sudoeste do Paraná." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/891.
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A sociedade mundial está vivenciando transformações desencadeadas principalmente a partir de meados do século XX, incluindo as esferas econômica, social, ambiental, cultural, espacial, política e institucional. Na literatura são apontados fatores como a globalização, os avanços tecnológicos e a reestruturação dos sistemas produtivos, como principais responsáveis por essas mudanças. Neste contexto, observa-se uma orientação do processo de desenvolvimento a partir das questões territoriais, como ocorre na articulação dos agentes locais para a formação dos clusters ou arranjos produtivos locais. Logo, APLs encontram-se no centro do debate contemporâneo sobre planejamento regional e políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional. Diante do exposto, o objetivo geral desta tese é construir uma proposição metodológica para analisar a contribuição do arranjo produtivo local para o processo de desenvolvimento sustentável regional. Assim, inicialmente é apresentada uma proposta de configuração de matriz para este cenário, incluindo os principais componentes do APL e suas relações com as dimensões territoriais. Na sequencia, é construída a proposição metodológica de análise, com a sua aplicação em quatro etapas: seleção do APL, mensuração da eficiência coletiva (IEC), mensuração do impacto territorial (IIT), e a integração destes resultados em um painel denominado APL-DSR. Com relação aos aspectos metodológicos, a pesquisa está classificada como explicativa, com a aplicação do método de estudo de caso. A coleta de dados baseou-se em fontes primárias e secundárias, incluindo pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo. O estudo de caso foi realizado no APL de Confecção do Sudoeste do Paraná, com a pesquisa de campo envolvendo os agentes locais deste arranjo produtivo, a partir de entrevistas estruturadas. Os resultados da coleta de dados foram analisados e interpretados em uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, seguindo três encaminhamentos: análise qualitativa das respostas da pesquisa de campo, análise baseada na proposta metodológica APL-DSR, análise temporal baseada em simulações. Como principais resultados ressalta-se que o APL de Confecção do Sudoeste do Paraná alcançou uma boa avaliação na mensuração da eficiência coletiva, atingindo dois terços da escala IEC. Porém, apesar de positivo, o impacto territorial na região analisada foi discreto, atingindo um terço da faixa positiva normalizada da escala IIT. Para finalizar, evidencia-se a contribuição desta tese, a partir da construção da proposta metodológica de análise para avaliar a relação do APL no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável regional, o que poderá auxiliar tanto na tomada de decisão para as políticas públicas, bem como no processo de autoavaliação do APL.The world society is experiencing transformations triggered mainly from mid-twentieth century, including the economic, social, environmental, cultural, spatial, political and institutional. The literature pointed to factors such as globalization, technological advances and the restructuring of production systems as the main responsible for these changes. In this context, there is an orientation of the development process from territorial issues, as occurs in the articulation of local agents for the formation of clusters. Thus, clusters are at the center of contemporary debate on regional planning and regional development policies. Given the above, the general objective of this thesis is to build a methodological proposition to analyze the contribution of clusters to the process of regional sustainable development. Thus, is initially presented a framework configuration for this scenario, including the main components of cluster and its relations with the territorial dimensions. In sequence, is built a methodology of analysis with its application in four steps: selection of cluster, measurement of collective efficiency (IEC), measurement of regional impact (IIT), and the integration of these results on a panel called APL-DSR. Considering the methodological aspects, the research is classified as explanatory, with the method of case study. The data collection procedure was based on primary and secondary sources, including literature, documentary and field research. The case study was conducted at Clothing Cluster in Southwest of Paraná, with field research involving local actors of this productive arrangement, from the application of structured interviews. The results of the data collection were analyzed and interpreted in a quantitative and qualitative approach, following three referrals: a qualitative analysis of the responses of field research, analysis based on methodological proposal APL-DSR, temporal analysis based on simulations. The main results emphasizes that the Clothing Cluster in Southwest of Paraná achieved a good rating in the measurement of collective efficiency, reaching two thirds of the scale IEC. However, although positive, the territorial impact in the region analyzed was low, reaching a third of the positive range of the scale normalized IIT. Finally, highlights the contribution of this thesis, from the construction of the proposed methodology of analysis to assess the relation of cluster in the context of sustainable regional development, which could help both in decision making for public policy, as well as in the process of self-evaluation of cluster.
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