Journal articles: 'Clustered practice'

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Holodinsky, Jessalyn K., Peter C. Austin, and Tyler S. Williamson. "An introduction to clustered data and multilevel analyses." Family Practice 37, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaa017.

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Reed, J. F. "Adjusted Chi-Square Statistics: Application to Clustered Binary Data in Primary Care." Annals of Family Medicine 2, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.41.

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Shin, Dong Won, and Laura McCann. "Enhancing Adoption Studies: The Case of Residential Stormwater Management Practices in the Midwest." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 47, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 32–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2017.3.

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This study explores factors affecting adoption of two stormwater management practices, rain gardens and rain barrels. Mail survey data from Columbia, Missouri indicate adoption rates of 3.12 percent (rain gardens) and 7.47 percent (rain barrels). This unique dataset enables us to distinguish among nonadopters using knowledge levels, and to investigate the effect of practice-specific barriers. Clustered multinomial logistic regressions reveal serious gardeners are more likely to adopt both practices. Specific barriers differ by practice and type of nonadopter. Adding practice-specific barriers increased pseudo R2 values from 0.12 to 0.22 for rain gardens and from 0.13 to 0.26 for rain barrels.

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Stange, K. C. "In This Issue: The Patient Voice, Clinical Research, Clustered Data, and the Wonca Research Conference." Annals of Family Medicine 2, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.198.

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Bacchus, Lez Rayman, and Zheng He. "Assessing clustered SME practice towards environmental and social impact: a Bourdieusian approach." International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (2014): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijisd.2014.062849.

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Nouwens, Elvira, Jan van Lieshout, Margriet Bouma, Jozé Braspenning, and Michel Wensing. "Effectiveness of Improvement Plans in Primary Care Practice Accreditation: A Clustered Randomized Trial." PLoS ONE 9, no. 12 (December 2, 2014): e114045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114045.

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Kuate-Defo, Barthélémy. "Modeling Hierarchically Clustered Longitudinal Survival Processes with Applications to Child Mortality and Maternal Health." Canadian Studies in Population 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6z313.

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This paper merges two parallel developments since the 1970s of new statistical tools for data analysis: statistical methods known as hazard models that are used for analyzing event-duration data and statistical methods for analyzing hierarchically clustered data known as multilevel models. These developments have rarely been integrated in research practice and the formalization and estimation of models for hierarchically clustered survival data remain largely uncharted. I attempt to fill some of this gap and demonstrate the merits of formulating and estimating multilevel hazard models with longitudinal data.

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Oscroft, Sarah, Adam M. Sykulski, and Jeffrey J. Early. "Separating Mesoscale and Submesoscale Flows from Clustered Drifter Trajectories." Fluids 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6010014.

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Drifters deployed in close proximity collectively provide a unique observational data set with which to separate mesoscale and submesoscale flows. In this paper we provide a principled approach for doing so by fitting observed velocities to a local Taylor expansion of the velocity flow field. We demonstrate how to estimate mesoscale and submesoscale quantities that evolve slowly over time, as well as their associated statistical uncertainty. We show that in practice the mesoscale component of our model can explain much first and second-moment variability in drifter velocities, especially at low frequencies. This results in much lower and more meaningful measures of submesoscale diffusivity, which would otherwise be contaminated by unresolved mesoscale flow. We quantify these effects theoretically via computing Lagrangian frequency spectra, and demonstrate the usefulness of our methodology through simulations as well as with real observations from the LatMix deployment of drifters. The outcome of this method is a full Lagrangian decomposition of each drifter trajectory into three components that represent the background, mesoscale, and submesoscale flow.

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Deng, Bo, and Keumhee Chough Carriere. "Testing Simultaneous Marginal Homogeneity for Clustered Matched-Pair Multinomial Data." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 5 (August 8, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n5p86.

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For matched-pair data with a polychotomous outcome, the Stuart-Maxwell test (1955) and the Bhapkar test(1966) are commonly used to test marginal homogeneity. When the outcome is ordinal, the test proposed by Agresti (1983) can be used to test the marginal homogeneity against stochastic order. In practice, we often face the need to consider multiple categorical outcomes simultaneously to insure Type I error protection. In this paper, we propose three statistics to test simultaneous marginal homogeneity for multiple multinomial outcomes in two dependent samples. Furthermore, when the outcome is ordinal, we also propose a transformed version of the three statistics for testing simultaneous marginal homogeneity against stochastic order in two dependent samples. We then prove their asymptotic properties. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate their performance in small samples with respect to empirical size and power.

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Polyakov, Michael. "Practice Theories: The Latest Turn in Historiography?" Journal of the Philosophy of History 6, no. 2 (2012): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226312x650755.

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Abstract The linguistic turn in historiography has given way to a ‘cultural’ or ‘practical’ turn over the course of the last several decades. For its proponents, this new development heralds a return of the intentional subject and a re-invigorated concern with the dynamic nature of the social realm. Approaches clustered around the concept of practice, emphasizing routines of daily activities as the backbone of social organization and its stability, specifically seek to resolve the persisting conceptual tension in social sciences between structure and agency. This article surveys the seminal work on the topic of practice, and considers how the approach can be recruited for purposes of historiographic analysis. In defending a tentatively optimistic assessment of practice theory’s usefulness for this purpose, the article also evaluates some of the weaknesses that this approach has yet to cogently address.

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Lingsma, Hester, Sjoerd Nauta, Nikki van Leeuwen, Gerard Borsboom, Nico Bruining, and Ewout Steyerberg. "Tools & Techniques: Analysis of clustered data in interventional cardiology: current practice and methodological advice." EuroIntervention 9, no. 1 (May 2013): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eijv9i1a23.

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Goodyear-Smith, Felicity, Cameron Grant, Tracey Poole, Helen Petousis-Harris, Nikki Turner, Rafael Perera, and Anthony Harnden. "Early connections: effectiveness of a pre-call intervention to improve immunisation coverage and timeliness." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 3 (2012): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12189.

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INTRODUCTION: Children who have missed or delayed immunisations are at greater risk of vaccine-preventable diseases and getting their first scheduled dose on time strongly predicts subsequent complete immunisation. Developing a relationship with an infants parents and general practice staff soon after birth followed by a systematic approach can reduce the number of delayed first immunisations. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of a general practicebased pre-call intervention to improve immunisation timeliness. METHODS: Clustered controlled trial of general practices in a large urban district randomised to either delivery of pre-call intervention to all babies at aged four weeks or usual care. RESULTS: Immunisation timeliness for infants receiving the primary series of immunisations among their nominated Auckland general practices was higher than expected at 98% for the six week event. The intervention was statistically but not clinically significant. Coverage was significantly lower among infants with no nominated practice which reduced overall coverage rate for the district. DISCUSSION: Pre-call letters with telephone follow-up are simple interventions to introduce into the practice management system and can be easily implemented as usual standard of care. Early identification of newborn infants, primary care engagement and effective systems including tracking of infants not enrolled in general practices has the greatest potential to improve immunisation coverage rates even further. KEYWORDS: Randomized controlled trial; immunization; vaccination; general practice; intervention studies

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van Draanen, Jenna. "Introducing Reflexivity to Evaluation Practice." American Journal of Evaluation 38, no. 3 (September 16, 2016): 360–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214016668401.

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There is currently a paucity of literature in the field of evaluation regarding the practice of reflection and reflexivity and a lack of available tools to guide this practice—yet using a reflexive model can enhance evaluation practice. This paper focuses on the methods and results of a reflexive inquiry that was conducted during a participatory evaluation of a project targeting homelessness and mental health issues. I employed an action plan composed of a conceptual model, critical questions, and intended activities. The field notes made throughout the reflexive inquiry were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results clustered in categories of power and privilege, evaluation politics, the applicability of the action plan, and outcomes. In this case study, reflexivity increased my competence as an evaluation professional: The action plan helped maintain awareness of how my personal actions, thoughts, and personal values relate to broader evaluation values—and to identify incongruence. The results of the study uncovered hidden elements and heightened awareness of subtle dynamics requiring attention within the evaluation and created opportunities to challenge the influence of personal biases on the evaluation proceedings. This reflexive model allowed me to be a more responsive evaluator and can improve practice and professional development for other evaluators.

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Shan, Guogen. "Accurate confidence intervals for proportion in studies with clustered binary outcome." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 10 (April 3, 2020): 3006–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220913971.

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Clustered binary data are commonly encountered in many medical research studies with several binary outcomes from each cluster. Asymptotic methods are traditionally used for confidence interval calculations. However, these intervals often have unsatisfactory performance with regards to coverage for a study with a small sample size or the actual proportion near the boundary. To improve the coverage probability, exact Buehler’s one-sided intervals may be utilized, but they are computationally intensive in this setting. Therefore, we propose using importance sampling to calculate confidence intervals that almost always guarantee the coverage. We conduct extensive simulation studies to compare the performance of the existing asymptotic intervals and the new accurate intervals using importance sampling. The new intervals based on the asymptotic Wilson score for sample space ordering perform better than others, and they are recommended for use in practice.

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Luo, Wen, Haoran Li, Eunkyeng Baek, Siqi Chen, Kwok Hap Lam, and Brandie Semma. "Reporting Practice in Multilevel Modeling: A Revisit After 10 Years." Review of Educational Research 91, no. 3 (February 6, 2021): 311–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654321991229.

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Multilevel modeling (MLM) is a statistical technique for analyzing clustered data. Despite its long history, the technique and accompanying computer programs are rapidly evolving. Given the complexity of multilevel models, it is crucial for researchers to provide complete and transparent descriptions of the data, statistical analyses, and results. Ten years have passed since the guidelines for reporting multilevel studies were initially published. This study reviewed new advancements in MLM and revisited the reporting practice in MLM in the past decade. A total of 301 articles from 19 journals representing different subdisciplines in education and psychology were included in the systematic review. The results showed improvement in some areas of the reporting practices, such as the number of models tested, centering of predictors, missing data treatment, software, and estimates of variance components. However, poor practices persist in terms of model specification, description of a missing mechanism, power analysis, assumption checking, model comparisons, and effect sizes. Updates on the guidelines for reporting multilevel studies and recommendations for future methodological research in MLM are presented.

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Chalmers, Kirsten, Erica Frydenberg, and Jan Deans. "An Exploration Into the Coping Strategies of Preschoolers: Implications for Professional Practice." Children Australia 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jcas.36.3.120.

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This study aims to explore the coping strategies of preschoolers, by asking 4-year-old children (N = 46) at an early learning centre in Melbourne to describe their coping strategies when dealing with seven age-appropriate challenging situations. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. The results indicated that preschoolers could articulate coping strategies that are theoretically clustered into productive and nonproductive coping styles. The capacity to identify a range of coping strategies related to specific situations has implications not only for theory development, but also for the design of effective prevention and intervention programs to help children more effectively deal with life challenges.

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Andrews, Isaiah, James H. Stock, and Liyang Sun. "Weak Instruments in Instrumental Variables Regression: Theory and Practice." Annual Review of Economics 11, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 727–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-025643.

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When instruments are weakly correlated with endogenous regressors, conventional methods for instrumental variables (IV) estimation and inference become unreliable. A large literature in econometrics has developed procedures for detecting weak instruments and constructing robust confidence sets, but many of the results in this literature are limited to settings with independent and homoskedastic data, while data encountered in practice frequently violate these assumptions. We review the literature on weak instruments in linear IV regression with an emphasis on results for nonhomoskedastic (heteroskedastic, serially correlated, or clustered) data. To assess the practical importance of weak instruments, we also report tabulations and simulations based on a survey of papers published in the American Economic Review from 2014 to 2018 that use IV. These results suggest that weak instruments remain an important issue for empirical practice, and that there are simple steps that researchers can take to better handle weak instruments in applications.

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Friedlander, Myrna L. "Adoption." Counseling Psychologist 31, no. 6 (November 2003): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000003258389.

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Implications are discussed in response to the Major Contribution in this issue reviewing the history, controversies, and theoretical and research literature related to adoption. Practice recommendations for therapists working with adopted children and their families are clustered around three prominent themes in the reviews by Lee, O'Brien and Zamostny, and Zamostny, O'Brien, Baden, and Wiley: variability in experience, resilience, and social context.

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Pinto-Almeida, Teresa, Mónica Caetano, Rosário Alves, and Manuela Selores. "Congenital multiple clustered dermatofibroma and multiple eruptive dermatofibromas - unusual presentations of a common entity." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, no. 6 suppl 1 (December 2013): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132647.

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Dermatofibroma is one of the most common entities seen in dermatology clinical practice. Several clinical subtypes have nevertheless been described, all of them of uncommon occurrence. The authors present two rare clinical variants of dermatofibromas: congenital multiple clustered dermatofibroma (the presented case is the 4th congenital case to be reported so far) and multiple eruptive dermatofibromas developing in the setting of a Sjögren's syndrome. Since the uncommon subtypes may not be clinically evident, dermatologists should familiarize themselves with their main features and we advise a high level of clinical suspicion in order to reach the correct diagnosis.

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Yusenko, Elena, Kirill Yusenko, Ilya Korolkov, Alexandr Shubin, Fedor Kapsargin, Alexandr Efremov, and Maria Yusenko. "High-throughput powder X-ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy and ion chromatography analysis of urinary stones: A comparative study." Open Chemistry 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 2107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0335-z.

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AbstractThe instrumental qualitative analysis of urinary stones is a critical step in clinical practice and urological research. A powder X-ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy and ion chromatography have been applied for the qualitative analysis of 20 urinary stones. Suggestions for a sample preparation and an optimal measurement strategy were formulated. The main difficulties for the powder X-ray diffraction qualitative analysis are a limiting amount of the sample and a preferential orientation of crystals, both issues should be minimized by the special sample preparation. Urinary stones samples have been clustered into four groups using different sets of numerical input data (cation and anion content, phase composition). At the same time a high-throughput multivariate clustering has been applied for powder X-ray diffraction and IR-spectroscopy data. The multivariate whole-profile approach can be used as a tool for a high-throughput time reducing technique for clinical practice, when a quick and stable classification of samples is required. All three sets of the data can be automatically separated into three clusters: oxalate-reach, oxalate-pure and non-oxalate samples. Uricite-pure and uricite-rich samples can be easily clustered.

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Treigys, Povilas, and Antanas Lipeika. "INVESTIGATION OF THE SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION METHOD BASED ON CLUSTERED PSEUDOSTATIONARY SEGMENTS OF VOICED SOUNDS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2006.9637722.

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The problem of speaker identification is investigated. Basic segments ‐ pseudo stationary intervals of voiced sounds are used for identification. The identification is carried out, comparing average distances between an investigative and comparatives. The coefficients of the linear prediction model (LPC) of a vocal tract are used as features of identification. Such a problem arises in stenographic practice where it is important for speech identification to know who is speaking. Identification should be used in stenography and it has to be fast enough in order not to disturb the stenographer's job. The clustered parameter data will be investigated by providing the performance of the speaker identification method with respect to the computational time and the number of errors.

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Liu, June, and Yi Zhang. "Additive Hazard Regression for the Analysis of Clustered Survival Data from Case-Cohort Studies." Journal of Mathematics 2020 (July 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9587870.

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The case-cohort design is an effective and economical method in large cohort studies, especially when the disease rate is low. Case-cohort design in most of the existing literature is mainly used to analyze the univariate failure time data. But in practice, multivariate failure time data are commonly encountered in biomedical research. In this paper, we will propose methods based on estimating equation method for case-cohort designs for clustered survival data. By introducing the event failure rate, three different weight functions are constructed. Then, three estimating equations and parameter estimators are presented. Furthermore, consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed estimation procedure has reasonable finite sample behaviors.

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Lancaster, Gillian A., Hannah Chellaswamy, Steve Taylor, David Lyon, and Chris Dowrick. "Design of a clustered observational study to predict emergency admissions in the elderly: statistical reasoning in clinical practice." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 13, no. 2 (April 2007): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00663.x.

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Olayiwola, O. M., K. S. Adekeye, F. S. Apantaku, A. O. Ajayi, O. A. Wale-Orojo, I. A. Ogunsola, and B. Hammed. "INTEGRATION OF BAYESIAN MODEL AND ADAPTIVE CLUSTERED SAMPLING INTO CONTACT TRACING TO CURB THE SPREAD OF COVID -19 CASES." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-539.

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Covid-19 is a communicable virus that causes serious illness (Severe acutepiratory syndrome (SARS)) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MARS)). İts outbreak started in Wuhan, China on December 8, 2019. Fever, cough, tiredness are its signs and symptoms and appear between two to fourteen days after exposure. The severity of COVID-19 can include complications; pneumonia, heart problems, acute kidney injuries. Covid-19 careers should be identified in order to curb the spread of the virus within a population. In this regards, contact tracing is the current technique in use to identify and track the Covid-19 carriers. The aim is to curb the spread of the virus within the population. In order to achieve this goal effectively, appropriate technique is required in the identification of Covid-19 carriers and Modeling. It is known that Covid-19 carriers are hidden, clustered and very difficult to identify in the population. At this point, the Adaptive Cluster Sampling, which is a specialized sampling for identification of hidden and clustered event and Bayesian Model, comes to the practice. Therefore, in this study, Adaptive Cluster Sampling which is capable of tracking hidden and clustered events and Bayesian Model are integrated in contact tracing, and the application on how this technique is used is included

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Telléus, Patrik Kjærsdam, Dorte Møller Holdgaard, and Birthe Thørring. "Physicians and caregivers do differ in ethical attitudes to daily clinical practice." Clinical Ethics 13, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750918790005.

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It is commonly assumed that there are differences in physicians’ and caregivers’ ethical attitudes towards clinical situations. The assumption is that the difference is driven by different values, views and judgements in specific situations. At Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark, we aimed to investigate these assumptions by conducting a large quantitative study. The study design, based on the Factorial Survey Method, was a carefully constructed survey with 50 questions designed to test which factors influenced the respondents’ ethical reasoning. The factors were clustered into three categories of ethical reasoning and values. The categories were formulated in terms of easily recognizable ethical positions: consequential ethics, deontological ethics and relational ethics. Based on 2129 respondents, we found significant support for the assumption of differences between physicians and caregivers. The group of caregivers favoured the relational ethics view in clinical ethical situations, and the group of physicians favoured the position of deontological ethics.

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Kolesár, Michal, and Christoph Rothe. "Inference in Regression Discontinuity Designs with a Discrete Running Variable." American Economic Review 108, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 2277–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160945.

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We consider inference in regression discontinuity designs when the running variable only takes a moderate number of distinct values. In particular, we study the common practice of using confidence intervals (CIs) based on standard errors that are clustered by the running variable as a means to make inference robust to model misspecification (Lee and Card 2008). We derive theoretical results and present simulation and empirical evidence showing that these CIs do not guard against model misspecification, and that they have poor coverage properties. We therefore recommend against using these CIs in practice. We instead propose two alternative CIs with guaranteed coverage properties under easily interpretable restrictions on the conditional expectation function. (JEL C13, C51, J13, J31, J64, J65)

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Suhaibaha, A., A. A. Rahman, U. Uznir, F. Anton, and D. Mioc. "IMPROVING NEAREST NEIGHBOUR SEARCH IN 3D SPATIAL ACCESS METHOD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W1 (October 26, 2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w1-69-2016.

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Nearest Neighbour (NN) is one of the important queries and analyses for spatial application. In normal practice, spatial access method structure is used during the Nearest Neighbour query execution to retrieve information from the database. However, most of the spatial access method structures are still facing with unresolved issues such as overlapping among nodes and repetitive data entry. This situation will perform an excessive Input/Output (IO) operation which is inefficient for data retrieval. The situation will become more crucial while dealing with 3D data. The size of 3D data is usually large due to its detail geometry and other attached information. In this research, a clustered 3D hierarchical structure is introduced as a 3D spatial access method structure. The structure is expected to improve the retrieval of Nearest Neighbour information for 3D objects. Several tests are performed in answering Single Nearest Neighbour search and k Nearest Neighbour (kNN) search. The tests indicate that clustered hierarchical structure is efficient in handling Nearest Neighbour query compared to its competitor. From the results, clustered hierarchical structure reduced the repetitive data entry and the accessed page. The proposed structure also produced minimal Input/Output operation. The query response time is also outperformed compared to the other competitor. For future outlook of this research several possible applications are discussed and summarized.

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Cacciatore, Michael A., Juan Meng, and Bruce K. Berger. "Information flow and communication practice challenges." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-09-2016-0063.

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Purpose How to effectively manage information flow continues presenting challenges for effective responsive strategies in communication, reflecting the magnitude and impact of a data-driven and strategy-oriented market environment globally. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discover how concerns related to the rise of social media have affected communication leaders’ operational and managerial practice from an international perspective. The overarching aim is to better understand these concerns in order to contribute to effective responsive strategies in communication practice in the future. Design/methodology/approach The authors relied on data from an international online survey of public relations and communication professionals in multiple countries who were asked their perceptions and behaviors concerning the impact of information flow and the digital revolution on their practice. ANOVA analyses and hierarchical regression models were used to identify the heterogeneity across five clustered groups of countries. Findings Results confirmed a strong desire among communication professionals in multiple countries to learn more about information management in practice. Results identified the overall patterns of responsive strategies that have been widely adopted by public relations professionals in specific country clusters across the globe. In order to better manage social media and the digital revolution, all five of the surveyed country clusters indicated that it is effective to integrate more social media strategies and to train employees in social media. Originality/value The research has explored the importance surrounding information management in an era of widespread digital content, including how concerns in this area have affected strategic decision-making in communication practice. Equally important, the authors provide a more global perspective on this critical topic by analyzing communication professionals’ perceptions in grouped country clusters. Results of the research have identified the similarities and differences in responsive strategies to cope with information flow concerns across grouped country clusters.

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Kozan, Saliha, and David L. Blustein. "Implementing Social Change: A Qualitative Analysis of Counseling Psychologists’ Engagement in Advocacy." Counseling Psychologist 46, no. 2 (February 2018): 154–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000018756882.

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In recent years, many counseling psychology training programs in the United States have adopted social justice principles into training. Although previous studies have provided thought-provoking discussions on social justice advocacy, they mostly reflected the voices of psychologists in academia; therefore, the advocacy work of practitioners has been neglected. In order to explore the advocacy experiences of counseling psychologists in practice, we utilized qualitative content analysis to analyze semistructured interviews with 11 practitioners who were trained in social justice-oriented counseling psychology doctoral programs. The findings were clustered under three domains: (a) participants’ development of a social justice orientation, (b) different ways of implementing advocacy in practice, and (c) positioning advocacy in psychology. The interviews depicted resources and challenges with regard to integrating advocacy into practice indicating that counseling psychologists continue to struggle with systemic barriers that limit their advocacy actions. We discuss implications for research, practice, and training in counseling psychology.

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Fitzgerald, Angela. "Exploring ‘Next Practice’: Principals’ Perceptions of Graduate Skills and Attributes for Future Classrooms." Australian Journal of Teacher Education 46, no. 5 (May 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2021v46n5.1.

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The phrase ‘next practice’ was coined to indicate a shift from the notion of best practice to thinking more broadly about the needs of future learners and the ways in which teaching practice might align to support these needs. In understanding what next practice means for the classroom, this study was particularly interested in examining how initial teacher education (ITE) could respond through their graduate preparation. The presented data presented is derived from an Australian small-scale qualitative study that sought to explore principals’ perceptions of graduate skills and attributes for future classrooms which captured the perspectives of six primary and secondary school principals using in-depth interviews. Emerging from these subsequent narratives were seven themes that could be clustered around areas such as affective attributes, pedagogical considerations and personal wellbeing. In providing insights into the skills and attributes required by future teachers, this work raises questions how ITE providers might respond.

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Blumenthal, Karen J., Alyna T. Chien, and Sara J. Singer. "Relationship among team dynamics, care coordination and perception of safety culture in primary care." Family Practice 35, no. 6 (May 18, 2018): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmy029.

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Abstract Background There remains a need to improve patient safety in primary care settings. Studies have demonstrated that creating high-performing teams can improve patient safety and encourage a safety culture within hospital settings, but little is known about this relationship in primary care. Objective To examine how team dynamics relate to perceptions of safety culture in primary care and whether care coordination plays an intermediating role. Research Design This is a cross-sectional survey study with 63% response (n = 1082). Subjects The study participants were attending clinicians, resident physicians and other staff who interacted with patients from 19 primary care practices affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Main Measures Three domains corresponding with our main measures: team dynamics, care coordination and safety culture. All items were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. We used linear regression clustered by practice site to assess the relationship between team dynamics and perceptions of safety culture. We also performed a mediation analysis to determine the extent to which care coordination explains the relationship between perceptions of team dynamics and of safety culture. Results For every 1-point increase in overall team dynamics, there was a 0.76-point increase in perception of safety culture [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.82, P < 0.001]. Care coordination mediated the relationship between team dynamics and the perception of safety culture. Conclusion Our findings suggest there is a relationship between team dynamics, care coordination and perceptions of patient safety in a primary care setting. To make patients safer, we may need to pay more attention to how primary care providers work together to coordinate care.

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Harrington, Christina, and Bethany Sprowl. "Family Members' Experiences with Viewing in the Wake of Sudden Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 64, no. 1 (February 2012): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.64.1.e.

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Sudden deaths leave families in crisis and interacting with many professionals from notification through to burial. Whether to view the deceased is often central to discussion. Practice guidelines have evolved over time regarding where, when, how, and why viewing should or should not occur. Unfortunately, there is much contradiction in existing recommendations and a marked absence of a supporting evidence base for the practice of viewing itself, and the influence of this practice on the overall bereavement process. Using a qualitative approach, this study explored the perspectives and experiences of the suddenly bereaved with respect to: viewing or not having viewed; whether or not their viewing experiences have impacted on their bereavement process; and explored particular aspects of their experience such as interactions with various professionals. Results of this study are clustered and presented under three core themes: viewing specifics; intrapersonal responses; and professional interactions.

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Shrestha, Shakti, Bhojraj Adhikari, Ramesh Sharma Poudel, Kailash Thapaliya, Tikaram Kharal, Mahanath Bastakoti, and Nanda Kishor Bhatta. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Hypertension among Antihypertensive Medication Users." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 55, no. 204 (December 23, 2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2848.

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Introduction: Hypertension is growing among the population of Nepal. We aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertension among hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medication in the community of Central Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the hypertensive patients in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal from July 2015 to September 2015 using clustered sampling technique. Suitably designed and validated questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice on hypertension consisting of 27 questions were used to determine the KAP scores. The difference in the median KAP scores between sex, level of education and duration of hypertension were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test.Results: A total of 200 patients met the inclusion criteria and majority of them were male (60%), had received primary education (36%) and had hypertension for ≥5 years (46.5%). The blood pressure ranged from 100-180/60-110 mmHg. The median K, A and P scores were 8 (6), 5 (1) and 6 (3) respectively. K and A were statistically associated with sex both at p<0.001 and level of education (K at p<0.001 and A at p=0.016).Conclusions: The current knowledge, attitude and practice among hypertensive patients using antihypertensive medication can be improved. Keywords: attitude; hypertension; knowledge; practice. | PubMed

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Shephard, Mark, Anne Shephard, Les Watkinson, Beryl Mazzachi, and Paul Worley. "Design, implementation and results of the quality control program for the Australian government's point of care testing in general practice trial." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 46, no. 5 (July 29, 2009): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/acb.2009.009045.

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Background From 2005 to 2007 the Australian Government funded a multicentre, clustered randomized controlled trial to determine the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, satisfaction and safety of point of care testing (PoCT) in general practice (GP). PoC tests measured (and devices used) in the trial were haemoglobin A1c and urine albumin:creatinine ratio (DCA 2000), lipids (Cholestech LDX) and international normalized ratio (CoaguChek S). Methods An internal quality control (QC) program was developed as part of a quality management framework for the trial. PoCT device operators were provided with a colour-coded QC Result Sheet and QC Action Sheet for on-site recording and interpreting of their results. Within-practice imprecision for QC testing was calculated and compared with the analytical goals for imprecision set prior to the trial. Results The average participation rate for QC testing was 91% or greater. Median within-practice imprecision met the analytical goals for all PoC tests, except for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) where observed performance was outside the minimum goal for one level and one lot number of QC. Most practices achieved the imprecision goals for all analytes, with the principal exception of HDL-C. Conclusions Results from QC testing indicate that PoCT in the GP trial met the analytical goals set for the trial, with the exception of HDL-C.

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Wu, Xiaoyun, and Cynthia Lum. "The practice of proactive traffic stops." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-06-2019-0089.

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Purpose Empirical research suggests that traffic enforcement is the most common type of proactive activity police officers engage in on a daily basis. Further, agencies often use traffic enforcement to achieve both traffic safety and crime control. Given these goals, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether (and to what extent) officers are accurately targeting their proactive traffic enforcement with crime and vehicle crashes in two agencies. Design/methodology/approach The study examines traffic enforcement patterns in two agencies to see whether proactive traffic enforcement aligns spatially with crime and vehicle crashes. This study employs negative binomial regression models with clustered standard errors to investigate this alignment at the micro-spatial level. Key variables of interest are measured with police calls for service data, traffic citation data and vehicle crash data from two law enforcement jurisdictions. Findings High levels of spatial association are observed between traffic accidents and crime in both agencies, lending empirical support to the underlying theories of traffic enforcement programs that also try to reduce crime (i.e. “DDACTS”). In both agencies, traffic accidents also appear to be the most prominent predictor of police proactive traffic enforcement activities, even across different times of day. However, when vehicle crashes are accounted for, the association between crime and traffic stops is weaker, even during times of day when agencies believe they are using proactive traffic enforcement as a crime deterrent. Originality/value No prior study to authors knowledge has examined the empirical association between police proactive traffic activities and crime and traffic accidents in practice. The current study seeks to fill that void by investigating the realities of traffic stops as practiced daily by police officers, and their alignment with crime and vehicle crashes. Such empirical inquiry is especially important given the prevalent use of traffic enforcement as a common proactive policing tool by police agencies to control both traffic and crime problems.

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Kaasenbrood, Femke, Monika Hollander, Steven HM de Bruijn, Carlijn PE Dolmans, Robert G. Tieleman, Arno W. Hoes, and Frans H. Rutten. "Opportunistic screening versus usual care for diagnosing atrial fibrillation in general practice: a cluster randomised controlled trial." British Journal of General Practice 70, no. 695 (January 27, 2020): e427-e433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x708161.

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BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. AF may be asymptomatic and therefore remain undiagnosed. Devices such as single-lead electrocardiographs (ECGs) may help GPs to diagnose AF.AimTo investigate the yield of opportunistic screening for AF in usual primary care using a single-lead ECG device.Design and settingA clustered, randomised controlled trial among patients aged ≥65 years with no recorded AF status in the Netherlands from October 2014 to March 2016.MethodFifteen intervention general practices used a single-lead ECG device at their discretion and 16 control practices offered usual care. The follow-up period was 1 year, and the primary outcome was the proportion of newly diagnosed cases of AF.ResultsIn total, 17 107 older people with no recorded AF status were eligible to participate in the study. In the intervention arm, 10.7% of eligible patients (n = 919) were screened over the duration of the study year. The rate of newly diagnosed AF was similar in the intervention and control practices (1.43% versus 1.37%, P = 0.73). Screened patients were more likely to have comorbidities, such as hypertension (60.0% versus 48.7%), type 2 diabetes (24.3% versus 18.6%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (11.3% versus 7.4%), than eligible patients not screened in the intervention arm. Among patients with newly diagnosed AF in intervention practices, 27% were detected by screening, 23% by usual primary care, and 50% by a medical specialist or after stroke/transient ischaemic attack.ConclusionOpportunistic screening with a single-lead ECG at the discretion of the GP did not result in a higher yield of newly detected cases of AF in patients aged ≥65 years in the community than usual care. For higher participation rates in future studies, more rigorous screening methods are needed.

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Ahmed Hilal Sheriff, Dhanraj Ganapathy, and Subhashree Rohinikumar. "Knowledge and Practice towards Management of Space Infections among Dental Practitioners." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 19, 2020): 967–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3059.

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An odontogenic infection is an alveolar, jaw, or facial infection that is caused by a tooth or its supporting structures and is one of the most common infections. Dental caries, heavy restorations or unsuccessful endodontic treatment, pericoronitis and periodontal infection are by far the most likely reasons for odontogenic infections. Infections are typically clustered around teeth and may stay concentrated to the region where it began, and may propagate to neighbouring or distant locations. The questionnaire included questions regarding essential knowledge and understanding of the Management of odontogenic space infections. Responses were obtained, and the data were analyzed. 72% of the respondents have said streptococcus viridans is the most common microorganisms in odontogenic infection, 57% said they would give antibiotics, incision and drainage for canine space infection, 63% said they would give antibiotics, incision and drainage for submandibular infection space infection, 57% said their first choice of antibiotic in managing space infection is Amoxicillin, and 53% said clindamycin is the choice of antibiotics in patients allergic to Amoxicillin. Most of the dental practitioners in this study did not have complete knowledge regarding the new generations of cephalosporins rather; they were aware of the 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. More education and understanding will improve the effectiveness of use and solve the difficulties faced in dentistry.

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Kontopantelis, Evangelos, Richard John Stevens, Peter J. Helms, Duncan Edwards, Tim Doran, and Darren M. Ashcroft. "Spatial distribution of clinical computer systems in primary care in England in 2016 and implications for primary care electronic medical record databases: a cross-sectional population study." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e020738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020738.

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ObjectivesUK primary care databases (PCDs) are used by researchers worldwide to inform clinical practice. These databases have been primarily tied to single clinical computer systems, but little is known about the adoption of these systems by primary care practices or their geographical representativeness. We explore the spatial distribution of clinical computing systems and discuss the implications for the longevity and regional representativeness of these resources.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEnglish primary care clinical computer systems.Participants7526 general practices in August 2016.MethodsSpatial mapping of family practices in England in 2016 by clinical computer system at two geographical levels, the lower Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG, 209 units) and the higher National Health Service regions (14 units). Data for practices included numbers of doctors, nurses and patients, and area deprivation.ResultsOf 7526 practices, Egton Medical Information Systems (EMIS) was used in 4199 (56%), SystmOne in 2552 (34%) and Vision in 636 (9%). Great regional variability was observed for all systems, with EMIS having a stronger presence in the West of England, London and the South; SystmOne in the East and some regions in the South; and Vision in London, the South, Greater Manchester and Birmingham.ConclusionsPCDs based on single clinical computer systems are geographically clustered in England. For example, Clinical Practice Research Datalink and The Health Improvement Network, the most popular primary care databases in terms of research outputs, are based on the Vision clinical computer system, used by <10% of practices and heavily concentrated in three major conurbations and the South. Researchers need to be aware of the analytical challenges posed by clustering, and barriers to accessing alternative PCDs need to be removed.

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Langhof, Holger, Johannes Schwietering, and Daniel Strech. "Practice evaluation of biobank ethics and governance: current needs and future perspectives." Journal of Medical Genetics 56, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105617.

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BackgroundBiobank research faces many ethical challenges. Ethics research aims to develop standards for governance to meet these challenges by elaborating overarching normative principles of medical ethics in the context of biobanking. Most ethical standards are widely agreed on among biobank stakeholders and entail specific governance solutions, for example, adoption of consent procedures. In order to fully meet its goal, every governance solution needs to be implemented, evaluated and, if necessary, adapted and improved in practice. This study reviews the scientific literature on biobank ethics and governance in order to identify studies that specifically focus on practice evaluation of biobank governance.MethodsA PubMed search was carried out. Retrieved literature was categorised and thematically clustered. All studies that focus on practice evaluation were reviewed and their objectives, results, and recommendations for practice summarised.ResultsThe findings show that the majority of studies on biobank ethics and governance are theoretical; only 25 out of 922 studies empirically evaluate biobank governance in practice. The majority of these (14; 59%) focused on informed consent. Six studies (24%) addressed practice evaluation of sample and data access; the rest focused on public involvement, ethics reporting and incidental findings. Other relevant governance areas such as ethics review, priority setting and sample ownership were not addressed.ConclusionIn order to fulfil the ethical goals, more empirical research is needed that provides information on how governance mechanisms perform in practice and what improvements are needed.

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Jonsdottir, Svandis, Roger Hughes, Inga Thorsdottir, and Agneta Yngve. "Consensus on the competencies required for public health nutrition workforce development in Europe – the JobNut project." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 8 (March 31, 2010): 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010000625.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess and develop consensus among a European panel of public health nutrition stakeholders regarding the competencies required for effective public health nutrition practice and the level of proficiency required in different practice contexts.DesignA modified Delphi study involving three rounds of questionnaires.SettingEuropean Union.SubjectsPublic health nutrition workforce development stakeholders, including academics, practitioners and employers, from twenty European countries.ResultsA total of fifty-two expert panellists (84 % of an initial panel of sixty-two Delphi participants) completed all three rounds of the Delphi study. The panellists rated the importance of fifty-seven competency units possibly required of a public health nutritionist to effectively practice (Essential competencies). Twenty-nine of the fifty-seven competency units (51 %) met the consensus criteria (≥66·7 % agreement) at the second round of the Delphi survey, with the highest agreement for competencies clustered within theNutrition science,Professional,AnalyticalandPublic health servicescompetency domains. Ratings of the level of competencies required for different levels in the workforce indicated that for a public health nutrition specialist, advanced-level competency was required across almost all the twenty-nine competencies rated as essential. There were limited differences in rating responses between academics and employer panellists throughout the Delphi study.ConclusionsCompetencies identified as essential can be used to review current public health nutrition practices and provide the basis for curriculum design and re-development, continuing education and workforce quality assurance systems in Europe. These are all important tools for systematic and strategic workforce development.

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Barnett, Adrian G., and David Moher. "Turning the tables: A university league-table based on quality not quantity." F1000Research 8 (April 29, 2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18453.1.

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Background: Universities closely watch international league tables because these tables influence governments, donors and students. Achieving a high ranking in a table, or an annual rise in ranking, allows universities to promote their achievements using an externally validated measure. However, league tables predominantly reward measures of research output, such as publications and citations, and may therefore be promoting poor research practices by encouraging the “publish or perish” mentality. Methods: We examined whether a league table could be created based on good research practice. We rewarded researchers who cited a reporting guideline, which help researchers report their research completely, accurately and transparently, and were created to reduce the waste of poorly described research. We used the EQUATOR guidelines, which means our tables are mostly relevant to health and medical research. Results: Our cross-sectional tables for the years 2016 and 2017 included 14,408 papers with 47,876 author affiliations. We ranked universities and included a bootstrap measure of uncertainty. We clustered universities in five similar groups in an effort to avoid over-interpreting small differences in ranks. Conclusions: We believe there is merit in considering more socially responsible criteria for ranking universities, and this could encourage better research practice internationally if such tables become as valued as the current quantity-focused tables.

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Beal, Judy A. "Academic-Service Partnerships in Nursing: An Integrative Review." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/501564.

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This integrative review summarizes currently available evidence on academic-service partnerships in the profession of nursing. More than 300 articles, published primarily in refereed journals, were accessed. Articles (110) were included in this review as they presented detailed and substantive information about any aspect of a nursing academic-service partnership. The majority were anecdotal in nature. Topics clustered around the following categories:pre-requisites for successful partnerships, benefits of partnerships, types of partnerships, andworkforce developmentwith its themes ofacademic-practice progressionandeducational re-design.Many examples of partnerships between academic and service settings were thoroughly described and best practices suggested, most often, however, without formal evaluation of outcomes. Nursing leaders in both settings have a long tradition of partnering with very little replicable evidence to support their efforts. It is critical that future initiatives evaluate the effectiveness of these partnerships, not only to ensure quality of patient outcomes but also to maximize efforts at building capacity for tomorrow's workforce.

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Rahmawati, Arfita, and Radhi Ariawan. "Kajian Keruangan Pola Sebaran Strategi Pembelajaran Dalam Kegiatan PPL II (Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Geografi Universitas Nusa Cendana di Kota Kupang)." Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities 1 (June 14, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v1i.75.

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Practical Field Experience (PPL) II is a compulsory subject, especially for prospective teachers. Practical Field Experience (PPL) II is a time for teaching students to practice learning knowledge in school partners. The Covid-19 pandemic occurred changed the PPL II system from offline to online. The online PPL system provides new experiences for students, including in determining the learning strategies to use. The purpose of this study to determine the distribution patterns of learning strategies in PPL II so can saw the learning strategies that are most popular among students and their spatial patterns. This study used questionnaire data that was distributed to 88 students then carried out NNA analysis to determine the spatial pattern and linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that the popular learning strategy used by students when PPL II is a cooperative learning strategy with a value of 44.318%. The spatial pattern based on the distribution of learning strategies used for cooperative learning, contextual and Problem Based Learning is clustered or clustered. As for the random patterned inquiry learning strategy. There is an influence from the learning strategies used by students on the level of satisfaction of school partners.

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Burgess, Danielle, and Micheal L. Shier. "Food insecurity and social work: A comprehensive literature review." International Social Work 61, no. 6 (November 12, 2016): 826–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816672519.

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This study provides a comprehensive literature review of food insecurity in social work. A search of peer-reviewed scholarly articles yielded 1686 abstracts with relevance to food insecurity. While there has been a rapid increase in the number of articles written on the topic of food insecurity since 1955, there has been a disproportionate interest in the issue in the Global North. The authors found that the literature clustered around five key themes: food access, food insecurity for vulnerable groups, food policy, food systems and interventions. Relevance of these findings to social work practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Mennicke, Annelise. "Expanding and Validating a Typology of Intimate Partner Violence: Intersections of Violence and Control Within Relationships." Violence Against Women 25, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218780362.

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This research explored an expanded typology of intimate partner violence (IPV), intersecting violent and controlling behaviors of partners. Secondary data were analyzed ( n = 714). Cluster analyses indicated that elements of IPV (control perpetration, control victimization, violence victimization, and violence perpetration) all clustered in high/low patterns, which intersected to form 10 unique categories of IPV. Support for all of Johnson’s categories of IPV was found, but there was also evidence for the three control-related categories: Unidirectional Control, Bidirectional Control, and Control Resistance. This expanded typology can move research, practice, and policies beyond the gender symmetry debate.

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Salcuni, Paul, Jenny Smolen, Sachin Jain, Julie Myers, and Zoe Edelstein. "Trends and Associations with PrEP Prescription Among 602 New York City (NYC) Ambulatory Care Practices, 2014–2016." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.053.

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Abstract Background Concern over equitable access to HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) informs comprehensive scale-up efforts in New York City (NYC). We examined trends plus patient and practice factors associated with PrEP prescribing by NYC ambulatory care practices. Methods We queried electronic health records (EHR) from Q1 2014 to Q2 2016 using the NYC Health Department’s “Hub.” Data from 602 practices were aggregated quarterly by patient factors, including age (18–29, 30–100); sex (male, female); and race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, other, missing). Practice factors included location (Manhattan, other); type (community health center [CHC], hospital, independent); number of infectious disease (ID) specialists; and proportion of patients (ranked by quartile) from high poverty neighborhoods (ZIP codes in which ≥20% of residents live below the federal poverty level). PrEP prescription was defined as tenofovir/emtricitabine prescription without other antiretrovirals or diagnoses of HIV, HIV-related opportunistic infections or hepatitis B. Rates were calculated per 105 patients seen. We used generalized estimating equations clustered by practice to examine trends overall and by sex, as well as associations among males. Factors and time interactions that were significant (P < 0.05) in bivariate analysis were assessed for inclusion in the final model. Results Overall, PrEP prescription rose from 38.9 per 105 in Q1 2014 to 418.5 per 105 in Q2 2016, a 976% increase. Increases were significant for both sexes (P < .0001; Figure 1). In multivariate analysis (Table 1), PrEP prescription was associated with both patient (younger age, white race/ethnicity) and practice factors (Manhattan location, CHCs, and on-site ID specialists). While practices with a greater proportion of patients from high poverty neighborhoods were less likely to prescribe PrEP initially, this association weakened over time (Table 2). Conclusion PrEP prescription increased over 9-fold from 2014 to 2016 among NYC ambulatory care practices, but disparities persisted. While efforts to promote PrEP may have helped attenuate the disparity by neighborhood poverty of the patient population, continued work may be needed to facilitate PrEP access for women, persons of color and for those in care at non-CHCs or practices outside of Manhattan. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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O’Sullivan, Grace, Clare Hocking, and Kathryn McPherson. "Translating knowledge into practice: An exploratory study of dementia-specific training for community-based service providers." Dementia 16, no. 6 (December 6, 2015): 780–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301215617867.

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Objective To develop, deliver, and evaluate dementia-specific training designed to inform service delivery by enhancing the knowledge of community-based service providers. Methods This exploratory qualitative study used an interdisciplinary, interuniversity team approach to develop and deliver dementia-specific training. Participants included management, care staff, and clients from three organizations funded to provide services in the community. Data on the acceptability, applicability, and perceived outcomes of the training were gathered through focus group discussions and individual interviews. Transcripts were analyzed to generate open codes which were clustered into themes and sub-themes addressing the content, delivery, and value of the training. Findings Staff valued up-to-date knowledge and “real stories” grounded in practice. Clients welcomed the strengths-based approach. Contractual obligations impact on the application of knowledge in practice. Implications The capacity to implement new knowledge may be limited by the legislative policies which frame service provision, to the detriment of service users.

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Bonney, Andrew, Christopher Magee, and Russell Pearson. "Cross-sectional survey of older patients’ views regarding multidisciplinary care for chronic conditions in general practice." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 1 (2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12101.

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The ageing population and increasing prevalence of chronic illness have contributed to the need for significant primary care reform, including increased use of multidisciplinary care and task substitution. This cross-sectional study explores conditions under which older patients would accept having health professionals other than their general practitioner (GP) involved in their care for chronic disease management (CDM). Ten practices were randomly sampled from a contiguous major city and inner regional area. Questionnaires were distributed to consecutive patients aged 60 years and over in each practice. Agency theory was used to inform analyses. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Wald’s test, growth modelling and linear regression, controlling for the clustered design. The response rate was 53% (n = 272). Most respondents (79%) had at least one chronic health condition. Respondents were more comfortable with GP than with practice nurse management in the CDM scenario (Wald’s test = 105.49, P < 0.001). Comfort with practice nurse CDM was positively associated with increased contact with their GP at the time of the visit (β = 0.41, P < 0.001), negatively associated with the number of the respondent’s chronic conditions (β = –0.13, P = 0.030) and not associated with the frequency of other health professional visits. Agency theory suggests that patients employ continuity of care to optimise factors important in CDM: information symmetry and goal alignment. Our findings are consistent with the theory and lend support to ensuring that interpersonal continuity of care is not lost in health care reform. Further research exploring patients’ acceptance of differing systems of care is required.

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Eisenberg, Sarita. "What Works in Therapy: Further Thoughts on Improving Clinical Practice for Children With Language Disorders." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 45, no. 2 (April 2014): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_lshss-14-0021.

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Purpose In this response to Kamhi (2014), the author reviewed research about what does and does not help children with language impairment (LI) to learn grammatical features and considered how that research might inform clinical practice. Method The author reviewed studies about therapy dose (the number of learning episodes per session) and dose frequency (how learning episodes are spaced over time) and also reviewed studies about dose form, including input characteristics and therapy strategies. Conclusion Although the research is limited, it offers implications for how clinicians do therapy. Children with LI need many learning episodes clustered together within sessions but spread out over time across sessions. Input must be grammatical and consistent while providing varied exemplars of the target features. Learning episodes should actively engage children in producing utterances with the target form, but only after they have had the chance to hear some utterances with that feature. The author suggests a session plan that starts with a structured activity and then incorporates the target form into an embedded activity such as storytelling.

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Kapitány, Rohan, Christopher Kavanagh, and Harvey Whitehouse. "Ritual morphospace revisited: the form, function and factor structure of ritual practice." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1805 (June 29, 2020): 20190436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0436.

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Human rituals exhibit bewildering diversity, from the Mauritian Kavadi to Catholic communion. Is this diversity infinitely plastic or are there some general dimensions along which ritual features vary? We analyse two cross-cultural datasets: one drawn from the anthropological record and another novel contemporary dataset, to examine whether a consistent underlying set of latent dimensions in ritual structure and experiences can be detected. First, we conduct a factor analysis on 651 rituals from 74 cultural groups, in which 102 binary variables are coded. We find a reliable set of dimensions emerged, which provide potential candidates for foundational elements of ritual form. Notably, we find that the expression of features associated with dysphoric and euphoric experiences in rituals appears to be largely orthogonal. Second, we follow-up with a pre-registered factor analysis examining contemporary ritual experiences of 779 individuals from Japan, India and the US. We find supporting evidence that ritual experiences are clustered in relatively orthogonal euphoric, dysphoric, frequency and cognitive dimensions. Our findings suggest that there are important regularities in the diversity of ritual expression and experience observed across both time and culture. We discuss the implications of these findings for cognitive theories of ritual and cultural evolution. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Clustered practice'

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