Journal articles: 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR-Cas9) andvirus (short repeat Cas9)'

1

Gong, Yan, Siyu Tian, Yang Xuan, and Shubiao Zhang. "Lipid and polymer mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 20 (2020): 4369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00207k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Song, Jayeon, Soohyun Kim, Hyo Yong Kim, Kyung Hoon Hur, Yoosik Kim, and Hyun Gyu Park. "A novel method to detect mutation in DNA by utilizing exponential amplification reaction triggered by the CRISPR-Cas9 system." Nanoscale 13, no. 15 (2021): 7193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr00438g.

Full text

Abstract:

We, herein, describe a novel method to detect mutation in DNA by utilizing exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) triggered by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9, called CRISPR–EXPAR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Vaishnav, Radhika A. "The emerging role of CRISPR-Cas9 in molecular oncology." International Journal of Molecular and Immuno Oncology 2, no. 2 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2456-3994.intjmolimmunooncol20172641.

Full text

Abstract:

It is not uncommon to be curious about the recent hype surrounding the new gene editing player, Cas9, which recognizes and holds into place DNA segments known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Together, they are known as CRISPR-Cas9 or simply “CRISPR” for brevity. The binding of Cas9 causes the CRISPR sequences to become available for editing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hernández-Sánchez, María. "CRISPR/Cas9 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Encyclopedia 2, no. 2 (2022): 928–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2020061.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome-editing systems such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology have uncovered new opportunities to model diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CRISPR/Cas9 is an important means of advancing functional studies of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) through the incorporation, elimination and modification of somatic mutations in CLL models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sunusi, M., Lurwanu, Y., Halidu, J., and Musa, H. "Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 3, no. 1 (2018): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1831.017.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 technology evolved from a type II bacterial immune system develop in 2013 This system employs RNA-guided nuclease, CRISPR associated (Cas9) to induce double-strand breaks. The Cas9-mediated breaks are repaired by cellular DNA repair mechanisms and mediate gene/genome modifications. The system has the ability to detect specific sequences of letters within the genetic code and to cut DNA at a specific point. Simultaneously with other sequence-specific nucleases, CRISPR/ Cas9 have already breach the boundaries and made genetic engineering much more versatile, efficient and easy also it has been reported to have increased rice grain yield up to 25-30 %, and increased tomato fruits size, branching architecture, and overall plant shape. CRISPR/ Cas also mediated virus resistance in many agricultural crops. In this article, we reviewed the history of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also described the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications of modified Cas9 variants, and discuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement. Abbreviations: CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas, CRISPR associated; crRNA, CRISPR RNA; tracrRNA, trans-activating crRNA; PAM, protospacer adjacent motif; sgRNA, single guide RNA; gRNA, guide RNA; ssODN, single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide; DSB, double-strand break; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining; HDR, homology directed repair, CRISPRi ,CRISPR interference

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

KLYMENKO, Ivan, and Mariia HALADZA. "GENOME EDITING: CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEAT (CRISPR/CAS9)." Modern medicine, pharmacy and psychological health, no. 3 (2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32689/2663-0672-2023-3-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Nagarajan, Archana. "Advances in the CRISPR-Cas9 system and gene therapy." Medical Writing 32, no. 4 (2023): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56012/lzwz4471.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that helps scientists modify the DNA of living organisms selectively and precisely. The discovery of this system has led to changes in the approaches to gene therapy. In this article, I delve into the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in the development of treatment using gene therapy and the drawbacks of this system. Also, I discuss the role of medical writers in the dissemination of information and research on CRISPR-Cas9 and gene therapy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Park, Hanseul, Jaein Shin, Hwan Choi, Byounggook Cho, and Jongpil Kim. "Valproic Acid Significantly Improves CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing." Cells 9, no. 6 (2020): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061447.

Full text

Abstract:

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful technology, with the potential to generate transgenic animals. Particularly, efficient and precise genetic editing with CRISPR/Cas9 offers immense prospects in various biotechnological applications. Here, we report that the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) significantly increases the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in mouse embryonic stem cells and embryos. This effect may be caused through globally enhanced chromatin accessibility, as indicate by histone hyperacetylation. Taken together, our results suggest that VPA can be used to increase the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 in generating transgenic systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Tyumentseva, Marina, Aleksandr Tyumentsev, and Vasiliy Akimkin. "CRISPR/Cas9 Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22 (2023): 16077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216077.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 is a unique genome editing tool that can be easily used in a wide range of applications, including functional genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, biotechnology, plant engineering, livestock breeding, gene therapy, diagnostics, and so on. This review is focused on the current CRISPR/Cas9 landscape, e.g., on Cas9 variants with improved properties, on Cas9-derived and fusion proteins, on Cas9 delivery methods, on pre-existing immunity against CRISPR/Cas9 proteins, anti-CRISPR proteins, and their possible roles in CRISPR/Cas9 function improvement. Moreover, this review presents a detailed outline of CRISPR/Cas9-based diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Finally, the review addresses the future expansion of genome editors’ toolbox with Cas9 orthologs and other CRISPR/Cas proteins.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kushwaha, Avinashi Lal, Harshit Kumar Sharma, and Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta. "The Implication and Advancement of CRISPR Genome Editing in Microalgae and Cyanobacteria." International Journal on Algae 27, no. 1 (2025): 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v27.i1.30.

Full text

Abstract:

This review paper provides an overview of recent achievements and future prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9) genome editing in microalgae and cyanobacteria. The different types of CRISPR systems and Plasmid-based approaches, RNP-based Cas9 expression, transient and stable expression of Cas9 and sgRNA, and various other techniques for targeted gene editing have been reviewed. The paper also highlights the achievements of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in different cyanobacteria and algae species. Additionally, the challenges of off-target effects and potential solutions have been discussed. The paper concludes future prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in microalgae and cyanobacteria, including gene stacking, markerless genome editing, and curing of episomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wachapatthana, Ungkarit, and Tanat Thanupran. "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR): A Novel Genomic Modifying Technique." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, no. 3 (2021): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210744.

Full text

Abstract:

In a way akin to how technological advancements involving molecular and biological science rapidly developed during the last decade, CRISPR, a newly found genomic modifying technique, quickly gained the attention of the scientific community. This paper aims to provide a fundamental understanding of CRISPR technology by reviewing articles from several journals, consisting of general information about CRISPR technology, process, advantages, limitations, and comparisons with other technologies. This recent technology drastically altered the boundaries of genetic engineering-most notably due to its outstanding flexibility of gRNA modification, as demonstrated by the work of the two Nobel Prize award-winning scientists Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna. From the journals that had been reviewed, this paper presents that the CRISPR-Cas9 is one of the most efficient tools for genetic engineering in our modern world because of its incredible potential to perform genetic material modification in a wide range of patients with greater efficiency, versatility, and accuracy than before, all the while being more cost-effective. Additionally, since significant research and newfound knowledge related to genetic science was made possible from the discovery of this CRISPR technology, the possibility of CRISPR-Cas9 treatment in patients-particularly to combat congenital genetic diseases-would become a horizon that is within the reach of humanity’s hands. Keywords: genomic modifying technique, CRISPR technology, genetic engineering, congenital genetic disease, genetic material modification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sun, Hualing, Conrad P. Hodgkinson, Richard E. Pratt, and Victor J. Dzau. "CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Deletion of the Angiotensinogen Gene Reduces Hypertension: A Potential for Cure?" Hypertension 77, no. 6 (2021): 1990–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16870.

Full text

Abstract:

Hypertension is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Unfortunately, hypertension is controlled in less than one-fifth of patients worldwide due to either failure to treat or lack of compliance to medication. An ideal therapy would be administered one time only and yield lifelong blood pressure control. We investigated our hypothesis that CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–associated 9)-mediated disruption of a key gene in the renin-angiotensin system, AGT (angiotensinogen), specifically in the liver, would result in sustained and possibly lifelong reduction in blood pressure. We demonstrated in vitro that the CRISPR/Cas9 system led to a significant reduction in AGT expression in hepatocytes. Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into the liver via the hepatocyte-targeting adeno-associated virus 8 reduced both AGT expression (40% decrease) and circulating AGT levels (30% decrease). In the SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) model of hypertension, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of AGT expression reduced blood pressure in adult animals with established hypertension and prevented the spontaneous development of hypertension in young SHR. Moreover, reductions in blood pressure were prolonged and sustained up to 1 year of follow-up. In addition, the partial disruption of the hepatic AGT gene was sufficient to control hypertension but did not affect the homeostatic response to cardiovascular stress such as sodium depletion and furosemide. In summary, we have demonstrated that targeting the CRISPR/Cas9 system to hepatic AGT results in sustained reduction of blood pressure and is a potential therapy to achieve sustained and possibly lifelong control of human hypertension.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Rajaram mohan, Karthik, Saramma Mathew Fenn, and Ramachandra Reddy. "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats- a new era in Genomic technology and its applications in Theranostics." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (2023): 030133(1–10). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0229.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is termed as CRISPR. Bacteria having "spacer" sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid between the repeats of genomic sequences that resemble genomic sequences in viruses were found to have repetitive DNA sequences known as CRISPR.The CRISPR technology in genetic engineering has revolutionalized the field of medicine in treating various genetically linked diseases that are difficult to treat such as Lebers Congenital amaurosis, in which there is bi-allelic deletion caused by mutation in mitochondrial DNA MT-ND4(NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain4) 1178G are treated by intravitreous injection of AAV2-ND4 produced by CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing technology.CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing is used to remove the expression of receptor Enhancer Protein-6 (Reep6 p.Leu135Pro ) gene that causes retinitis pigmentosa. Open angle Glaucoma caused by mutations in myocilin (MYOR) gene was effectively removed out by CRISPR-Cas9 editing technology. Mutation in KRT-12 gene that caused Meesman epithelial corneal dystrophy ( MECD) was alleviated by Cas9/sgRNA injection into the stroma of cornea. CRISPR-Cas9 genomic sequencing used in the treatment of Haemophilia -B , an inherited disease caused by mutation of factor IX gene Y371D was successfully modified by CRISPR-

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

JIANING, Guan, Xie ZHIMING, Adnan RASHEED, et al. "CRISPR/Cas9 applications for improvement of soybeans, current scenarios, and future perspectives." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 50, no. 2 (2022): 12678. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha50212678.

Full text

Abstract:

The soybean is one of the most widely grown legume crops which serves as a source of protein and oil. Soybean production has increased in recent years due to several breeding techniques. The use of conventional breeding approaches does not fulfil the rapidly growing demand of the world population. Newly developed genomic approaches opened the windows of opportunities to bring more genetic variation in soybean germplasm. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has emerged as a renowned gene-editing tool that has broadened soybean research. CRISPR/Cas9 has been extensively applied to improve several essential traits in soybeans. Soybean yield, quality, and other agronomic traits have been enhanced, and research is being conducted to revolutionize the genomic area of soybeans. The development of specific soybean mutants has shown better yield and quality. In this review, we have enlisted the potential use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in soybean improvement and highlighted the significant future prospective. Research of applied sciences revealed that CRISPR/Cas9 could improve the traits of the commercially essential soybean crop, including yield, quality, and resistance to certain biotic and abiotic factors. The use of this tool has lifted the scope of genome editing and laid a foundation for the bright future of human beings. This updated review will be helpful for future research studies focusing on the successful use of CRISPR/Cas9 in soybeans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Cao, Hieu X., Wenqin Wang, Hien T. T. Le, and Giang T. H. Vu. "The Power of CRISPR-Cas9-Induced Genome Editing to Speed Up Plant Breeding." International Journal of Genomics 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5078796.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome editing with engineered nucleases enabling site-directed sequence modifications bears a great potential for advanced plant breeding and crop protection. Remarkably, the RNA-guided endonuclease technology (RGEN) based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is an extremely powerful and easy tool that revolutionizes both basic research and plant breeding. Here, we review the major technical advances and recent applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for manipulation of model and crop plant genomes. We also discuss the future prospects of this technology in molecular plant breeding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Suo, Zhikang. "Strategies for Using CRISPR-Cas9 Orthologs to Perform Gene Editing Applications." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 30 (February 15, 2023): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v30i.4960.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats -Cas9) is primarily the adaptive immune system developed by bacteria and archaea to defend themselves from an invasion of the virus. CRISPR-Cas9 is considered currently the most potential gene editing technology in 21 century due to its highest operationality and modifiability among the gene-editing tech that humans have ever found. Orthologous proteins are the proteins of different species which originally develop from one ancestor and still hold the same function as the original protein. This research mainly concludes and organizes the strategies for two specific types of Cas9 orthologs in the application of gene editing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kim, Minse, Youngwoo Hwang, Seongyu Lim, Hyeon-Ki Jang, and Hyun-Ouk Kim. "Advances in Nanoparticles as Non-Viral Vectors for Efficient Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 9 (2024): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091197.

Full text

Abstract:

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is a gene-editing technology. Nanoparticle delivery systems have attracted attention because of the limitations of conventional viral vectors. In this review, we assess the efficiency of various nanoparticles, including lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic, and extracellular vesicle-based systems, as non-viral vectors for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. We discuss their advantages, limitations, and current challenges. By summarizing recent advancements and highlighting key strategies, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of non-viral delivery systems in advancing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for clinical applications and gene therapy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rayyan Yousuf Khan, Rayyan Yousuf Khan. "Crispr - Cas9 in Gene Editing." Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research 12, no. 5 (2025): 24–29. https://doi.org/10.35629/076x-12052429.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats or simply CRISPR is a basic gene editing tool that is present among many bacteria as an immune system, allowing them to fight off against invading bacteriophages. However, with the advancement in biotechnology and gene editing tools, scientists and genetic engineers can modify it to edit parts of a genome to get desired traits. This research paper looks into the history and functioning of the CRISPR mechanism, its applications in addressing many global problems, and ethical considerations that must be taken into account. When we have a clear picture of such information, we realize the potential it has in shaping the world around us while delving into the fascinating world of molecular biolog.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Rabaan, Ali A., Hajir AlSaihati, Rehab Bukhamsin, et al. "Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Cancer Treatment: A Future Direction." Current Oncology 30, no. 2 (2023): 1954–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30020152.

Full text

Abstract:

Gene editing, especially with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), has advanced gene function science. Gene editing’s rapid advancement has increased its medical/clinical value. Due to its great specificity and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 can accurately and swiftly screen the whole genome. This simplifies disease-specific gene therapy. To study tumor origins, development, and metastasis, CRISPR/Cas9 can change genomes. In recent years, tumor treatment research has increasingly employed this method. CRISPR/Cas9 can treat cancer by removing genes or correcting mutations. Numerous preliminary tumor treatment studies have been conducted in relevant fields. CRISPR/Cas9 may treat gene-level tumors. CRISPR/Cas9-based personalized and targeted medicines may shape tumor treatment. This review examines CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor therapy research, which will be helpful in providing references for future studies on the pathogenesis of malignancy and its treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Cheng, Xing, Shaoyi Fan, Chengcai Wen, and Xianfa Du. "CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer treatment: technology, clinical applications and challenges." Briefings in Functional Genomics 19, no. 3 (2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elaa001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is described as RNA mediated adaptive immune system defense, which is naturally found in bacteria and archaea. CRISPR-Cas9 has shown great promise for cancer treatment in cancer immunotherapy, manipulation of cancer genome and epigenome and elimination or inactivation of carcinogenic viral infections. However, many challenges remain to be addressed to increase its efficacy, including off-target effects, editing efficiency, fitness of edited cells, immune response and delivery methods. Here, we explain CRISPR-Cas classification and its general function mechanism for gene editing. Then, we summarize these preclinical CRISPR-Cas9-based therapeutic strategies against cancer. Moreover, the challenges and improvements of CRISPR-Cas9 clinical applications will be discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Mimoune, Nora, Oumayma Benadjel, Ratiba Baazizi, and Djamel Kelef. "CRISPR/Cas9 uses." Veterinarska stanica 52, no. 4 (2021): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.4.9.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR- associated system (Cas) is a system that provides immunity to most prokaryoticorganisms against viral attacks and other foreign bodies. CRISPR systems consist of a scissor-like protein called Cas9 and a genetic GPS guide “The guide RNA”. However, researchers have reoriented and repurposed the primordial immune system to precisely manipulate genomes in most organisms by introducing DNA double-strand breaks at specific genome locations to introduce specific DNA modifications. More applications of CRISPR have arisen since its discovery, from disabling parasites to correcting mutations and improving crop yields. This review was conceived as a guide to CRISPR technology, from its discovery to the latest breakthroughs. It is hoped that this study will provide a general-based view for this life changing technology, inspiring scientists to go further with CRISPR in the sake of a better life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Bishnoi, Sundera. "CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing: Current Progress and Future Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (2023): 2116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55035.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Because of the groundbreaking gene-editing software clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), the field of molecular biology has been altered in a revolutionising way. It holds unparalleled potential for applications in a wide range of factors, including but not limited to biotechnology, agriculture, and medicine, since it allows for exact modifications to live creatures' DNA. This paper looks at the current state of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, its mechanics, recent advances, and ethical considerations. It also analyses the technology's potential future applications, emphasising its impact on human health, agriculture, and environmental protection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Shi, Jasmine, and Jinzhuchen Xu. "Safety and Ethical Considerations of CRISPR/Cas9-based Human Germline Genome Editing." International Journal of Biomedical Science 19, no. 2 (2023): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2023.19046.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 adapted from natural immune defense systems of bacteria and archaea can edit genes in numerous organisms including humans. This has revolutionized genetic engineering and can help better understand genetic diseases as well as potentially correct causative mutations. Current CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is focused on either somatic cells or germline cells. In contrast to somatic cell genome editing, germline genome editing raises significant ethical issues as the genomic modifications in those reproductive cells by CRISPR/Cas9 can potentially be passed on to future generations. In this article, we focus on discussion of safety and ethical issues of CRISPR/Cas9-based germline genome editing in humans from several aspects including off-targets, Immunogenicity, autonomy, religion and eugenics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Xu, Christine L., Merry Z. C. Ruan, Vinit B. Mahajan, and Stephen H. Tsang. "Viral Delivery Systems for CRISPR." Viruses 11, no. 1 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11010028.

Full text

Abstract:

The frontiers of precision medicine have been revolutionized by the development of Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 as an editing tool. CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to develop animal models, understand disease mechanisms, and validate treatment targets. In addition, it is regarded as an effective tool for genome surgery when combined with viral delivery vectors. In this article, we will explore the various viral mechanisms for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 into tissues and cells, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of each method. We will also review the history and recent development of CRISPR and viral vectors and discuss their applications as a powerful tool in furthering our exploration of disease mechanisms and therapies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Chu, Van Trung, Robin Graf, Tristan Wirtz, et al. "Efficient CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis in primary immune cells using CrispRGold and a C57BL/6 Cas9 transgenic mouse line." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 44 (2016): 12514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613884113.

Full text

Abstract:

Applying clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated mutagenesis to primary mouse immune cells, we used high-fidelity single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) designed with an sgRNA design tool (CrispRGold) to target genes in primary B cells, T cells, and macrophages isolated from a Cas9 transgenic mouse line. Using this system, we achieved an average knockout efficiency of 80% in B cells. On this basis, we established a robust small-scale CRISPR-mediated screen in these cells and identified genes essential for B-cell activation and plasma cell differentiation. This screening system does not require deep sequencing and may serve as a precedent for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to primary mouse cells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hu, S., M. Yang, and I. Polejaeva. "360 DOUBLE KNOCKOUT OF GOAT MYOSTATIN AND PRION PROTEIN GENE USING CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEAT (CRISPR)/Cas9 SYSTEMS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab360.

Full text

Abstract:

Myostatin (MSTN) acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth. Inhibition of MSTN expression may be applied to enhance animal growth performance in livestock production. Prion protein (PrPc) is associated directly with the pathogenesis of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies occurring in variety of species including human, cattle, sheep, goats and deer. Prion protein-deficient livestock may be a useful model for prion research and producing animal conferring potential disease resistance. The goal of this study was to generate MSTN/PrPc double knockout goat by using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 system. We generated 2 CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting MSTN and PrPc genes, respectively. The CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting each gene were respectively transfected into goat fibroblasts, and the efficiency of gene modification was determined at Day 3 using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The RFLP assay showed that CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting MSTN and PrPc induced precise gene mutations with efficiency of 59 and 70%, respectively. Single cell-derived colonies were further isolated by limiting dilution after co-transfection of 2 CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting MSTN and PrPc. The RFLP assay and DNA sequence analysis indicated that 9 out of 45 colonies (20%) carried simultaneous disruption of both target genes. Moreover, 5 of 9 mutant colonies (55%) had mutations in all 4 alleles of 2 genes. These double-gene knockout fibroblast cells will be used as nuclear donors for developing double knockout goat deficient in MSTN and PrPc. The CRISPR/Cas9 system represents a highly effective and facile platform for multiplex editing of large animal genomes, which can be broadly applied to both biomedical and agricultural applications.This work was supported by the Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative and Utah Agricultural Experiment Station project #31294.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Chaturvedi, Sarika, and Jinny Tomar. "CRISPR/CAS 9 Mediated Treatment for UTIs." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (2020): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060515.

Full text

Abstract:

“CRISPR" is short and used for "CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. CRISPRs are specialized stretches of DNA. The protein Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated") is an enzyme that acts like a pair of molecular scissors, capable of cutting strands of DNA and can be used in conjunction with engineered CRISPR sequences to hunt down codes and slice into them like a molecular scalpel, allowing geneticists to cut out a target gene, either to remove it or replace it with a new sequence. Therefore it is a simple and powerful tool for editing genomes to easily alter DNA sequences and amend gene function. In 1987, The CRISPR locus was first identified in Escherichia coli and discovered when a genetic structure containing 5 highly homologous repeats of 29 nucleotides separated by 32-nucleotide spacers (Ishino Y 1987).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Lau, Veronica, and James R. Davie. "The discovery and development of the CRISPR system in applications in genome manipulation." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 95, no. 2 (2017): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0159.

Full text

Abstract:

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) associated 9 (Cas9) system is a microbial adaptive immune system that has been recently developed for genomic engineering. From the moment the CRISPR system was discovered in Escherichia coli, the drive to understand the mechanism prevailed, leading to rapid advancement in the knowledge and applications of the CRISPR system. With the ability to characterize and understand the function of the Cas9 endonuclease came the ability to adapt the CRISPR–Cas9 system for use in a variety of applications and disciplines ranging from agriculture to biomedicine. This review will provide a brief overview of the discovery and development of the CRISPR–Cas9 system in applications such as genome regulation and epigenome engineering, as well as the challenges faced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ahmed, Temoor, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Shahid, et al. "Potential Application of CRISPR/Cas9 System to Engineer Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants." Protein & Peptide Letters 28, no. 8 (2021): 861–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866528666210218220138.

Full text

Abstract:

Abiotic stresses in plants such as salinity, drought, heavy metal toxicity, heat, and nutrients limitations significantly reduce agricultural production worldwide. The genome editing techniques such as transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) have been used for genome manipulations in plants. However, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technique has recently emerged as a promising tool for genome editing in plants to acquire desirable traits. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has a great potential to develop crop varieties with improved tolerance against abiotic stresses. This review is centered on the biology and potential application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Furthermore, this review highlighted the recent advancements of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing for sustainable agriculture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Cheng, Hao, Feng Zhang, and Yang Ding. "CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery System Engineering for Genome Editing in Therapeutic Applications." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (2021): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101649.

Full text

Abstract:

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems have emerged as a robust and versatile genome editing platform for gene correction, transcriptional regulation, disease modeling, and nucleic acids imaging. However, the insufficient transfection and off-target risks have seriously hampered the potential biomedical applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Herein, we review the recent progress towards CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery based on viral and non-viral vectors. We summarize the CRISPR/Cas9-inspired clinical trials and analyze the CRISPR/Cas9 delivery technology applied in the trials. The rational-designed non-viral vectors for delivering three typical forms of CRISPR/Cas9 system, including plasmid DNA (pDNA), mRNA, and ribonucleoprotein (RNP, Cas9 protein complexed with gRNA) were highlighted in this review. The vector-derived strategies to tackle the off-target concerns were further discussed. Moreover, we consider the challenges and prospects to realize the clinical potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sun, Jinyu, Jianchu Wang, Donghui Zheng, and Xiaorong Hu. "Advances in therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9." Briefings in Functional Genomics 19, no. 3 (2019): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz031.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is one of the most versatile and efficient gene editing technologies, which is derived from adaptive immune strategies for bacteria and archaea. With the remarkable development of programmable nuclease-based genome engineering these years, CRISPR-Cas9 system has developed quickly in recent 5 years and has been widely applied in countless areas, including genome editing, gene function investigation and gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 tool in genome editing. More importantly, we review the recent therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9 in various diseases, including hematologic diseases, infectious diseases and malignant tumor. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and consider thoughtfully what advances are required in order to further develop the therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9 in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Prodipto Bishnu, Angon. "Role of CRISPR-Cas9 in agricultural science." Archives of Food and Nutritional Science 6, no. 1 (2022): 090–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.afns.1001043.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR), a potent gene-editing tool was found in 2012. CRISPR is a genetic engineering technique that enables genome editing in living creatures and is based on the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense mechanism. It is simpler, less expensive, and more accurate than previous gene editing techniques. It also has a wide range of valuable uses, including improving crops and treating genetic diseases. Plant science has benefited more from the CRISPR/Cas9 editing technique than medical science. CRISPR/Cas9 has been used in a range of crop-related research and development domains, including disease resistance, plant development, abiotic tolerance, morphological development, secondary metabolism, and fiber creation, as a well-developed cutting-edge biotechnology technique. This paper summarized the role of the CRISPR-CAS9 tool in modern agricultural science.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Xia, An-Liang, Qi-Feng He, Jin-Cheng Wang, et al. "Applications and advances of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer immunotherapy." Journal of Medical Genetics 56, no. 1 (2018): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105422.

Full text

Abstract:

Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in cancer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system, as an RNA-guided genome editing technology, is triggering a revolutionary change in cancer immunotherapy. With its versatility and ease of use, CRISPR-Cas9 can be implemented to fuel the production of therapeutic immune cells, such as construction of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and programmed cell death protein 1 knockout. Therefore, CRISPR-Cas9 technology holds great promise in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will introduce the origin, development and mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9. Also, we will focus on its various applications in cancer immunotherapy, especially CAR-T cell-based immunotherapy, and discuss the potential challenges it faces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

ALBAYRAK, Esra. "CRISPR/Cas9 system in hematopoietic stem cells: Basic research and clinical applications." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 1 (2023): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.40.1.31.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) approach adapted from the prokaryotic adaptive immune system against to pathogen attack is so valuable and promising tool for treatment of human malignant and non-malignant hematological disease and disorders through genome editing in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 approach is not only useful for therapeutic purposes; it is considerably preferred for the generation of in vitro and in vivo animal disease models. CRISPR/Cas9 approach has been developed for highly efficient on-target cleavage, and low off-target effect via delivery systems and manipulation of CRISPR components including single guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas enzymes. In this review, we focused on the CRISPR/Cas9 system applications on hematopoietic stem cells in basic research and clinical area with basic research and clinical perspectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Zhen, Shuai, and Xu Li. "Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus: Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Therapeutic Strategies for Cervical Cancer." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 44, no. 6 (2017): 2455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486168.

Full text

Abstract:

Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause different types of cancer especially cervical cancer. HPV-associated carcinogenesis provides a classical model system for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) based cancer therapies since the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are exclusively expressed in cancerous cells. Sequence-specific gene knockdown/knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 shows promise as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of diseases that currently lack effective treatments. However, CRISPR/Cas9-based targeting therapy requires further validation of its efficacy in vitro and in vivo to eliminate the potential off-target effects, necessitates verification of the delivery vehicles and the combinatory use of conventional therapies with CRISPR/Cas9 to ensure the feasibility and safety. In this review we discuss the potential of combining CRISPR/Cas9 with other treatment options as therapies for oncogenic HPVs-associated carcinogenesis. and present our assessment of the promising path to the development of CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutic strategies for clinical settings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Lin, Meng, and Xueyan Wang. "Natural Biopolymer-Based Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Treatment." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 1 (2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16010062.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the last decade, the clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become the most promising gene editing tool and is broadly utilized to manipulate the gene for disease treatment, especially for cancer, which involves multiple genetic alterations. Typically, CRISPR/Cas9 machinery is delivered in one of three forms: DNA, mRNA, or ribonucleoprotein. However, the lack of efficient delivery systems for these macromolecules confined the clinical breakthrough of this technique. Therefore, a variety of nanomaterials have been fabricated to improve the stability and delivery efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In this context, the natural biopolymer-based carrier is a particularly promising platform for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery due to its great stability, low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Here, we focus on the advances of natural biopolymer-based materials for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery in the cancer field and discuss the challenges for their clinical translation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ali, Jahanzaib, Husnain Aslam, and Abida Yousuf. "CRISPR-Cas9 System In Vivo Delivery to Combat HBV." BIOEDUSCIENCE 7, no. 3 (2023): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jbes/12693.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health issue despite the availability of HBV vaccine. The novel CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology efficiently helps to cure HBV by disruption or cleavage of HBV DNA. Aims: Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of HBV-specific clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems in cleaving HBV DNA. Methods: In vivo, delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system at target sites remains a major challenge that needs to be resolved before its clinical application in gene therapy for HBV. Results: In this review article, we comprehensively evaluate the progress, challenges, and therapeutic potential of CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy for HBV using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors as delivery vehicles. Conclusion: The CRISPR-CAS9, HBV, AAV, delivery methods of CRISPR-CAS9 component in vivo, challenges, and future perspectives in harnessing this innovative technology to combat HBV infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Roshanravan, Neda, Helda Tutunchi, Farzad Najafipour, Mohammadreza Dastouri, Samad Ghaffari, and Alireza Jebeli. "A glance at the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in cardiovascular diseases." Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 14, no. 2 (2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcvtr.2022.14.

Full text

Abstract:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain major causes of global mortality in the world. Genetic approaches have succeeded in discovery of the molecular basis of an increasing number of cardiac diseases. Genome editing strategies are one of the most effective methods for assisting therapeutic approaches. Potential therapeutic methods of correcting disease-causing mutations or of knocking out specific genes as approaches for the prevention of CVDs have gained substantial attention using genome editing techniques. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has become the most widely used genome-editing technology in molecular biology due to its benefits such as simple design, high efficiency, good repeatability, short-cycle, and costeffectiveness. In the present review, we discuss on the possibilities of applying the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool in the CVDs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Chen, Youxi. "Advancements in CRISPR Technologies and Treatment of Genetic Disorders." Theoretical and Natural Science 96, no. 1 (2025): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.21435.

Full text

Abstract:

When CRISPR-Cas9, short for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) with CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), was successfully harnessed for genome editing in the early 2010s, it marked a new era for biotechnology. The high precision, efficiency, and adaptability of CRISPR-Cas9 have unlocked extraordinary potential in medicine, agriculture, and industrial biology, underscored by the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 to its pioneers. This paper reviews follow-on advancements to the technology addressing challenges, including off-target effects and inefficient delivery systems, and explores its transformative applications in treating genetic disorders, including sickle cell disease, transfusion-dependent -thalassemia, and cystic fibrosis. Additionally, it highlights ongoing hurdles management of such as high costs and safety and efficacy of heritable gene editing. This study shows that addressing these challenges and fostering ethical and collaborative advancements will be essential for CRISPR technologies, which can fulfill their transformative potential in improving human life quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Price, Aryn A., Timothy R. Sampson, Hannah K. Ratner, Arash Grakoui, and David S. Weiss. "Cas9-mediated targeting of viral RNA in eukaryotic cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 19 (2015): 6164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422340112.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats–CRISPR associated (CRISPR-Cas) systems are prokaryotic RNA-directed endonuclease machineries that act as an adaptive immune system against foreign genetic elements. Using small CRISPR RNAs that provide specificity, Cas proteins recognize and degrade nucleic acids. Our previous work demonstrated that the Cas9 endonuclease from Francisella novicida (FnCas9) is capable of targeting endogenous bacterial RNA. Here, we show that FnCas9 can be directed by an engineered RNA-targeting guide RNA to target and inhibit a human +ssRNA virus, hepatitis C virus, within eukaryotic cells. This work reveals a versatile and portable RNA-targeting system that can effectively function in eukaryotic cells and be programmed as an antiviral defense.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bayat, Hadi, Fatemeh Naderi, Amjad Hayat Khan, Arash Memarnejadian, and Azam Rahimpour. "The Impact of CRISPR-Cas System on Antiviral Therapy." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 8, no. 4 (2018): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2018.067.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein nuclease (Cas) is identified as an adaptive immune system in archaea and bacteria. Type II of this system, CRISPR-Cas9, is the most versatile form that has enabled facile and efficient targeted genome editing. Viral infections have serious impacts on global health and conventional antiviral therapies have not yielded a successful solution hitherto. The CRISPR-Cas9 system represents a promising tool for eliminating viral infections. In this review, we highlight 1) the recent progress of CRISPR-Cas technology in decoding and diagnosis of viral outbreaks, 2) its applications to eliminate viral infections in both pre-integration and provirus stages, and 3) various delivery systems that are employed to introduce the platform into target cells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ma, Hanhui, Li-Chun Tu, Ardalan Naseri, et al. "CRISPR-Cas9 nuclear dynamics and target recognition in living cells." Journal of Cell Biology 214, no. 5 (2016): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201604115.

Full text

Abstract:

The bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 system has been repurposed for genome engineering, transcription modulation, and chromosome imaging in eukaryotic cells. However, the nuclear dynamics of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–associated protein 9 (Cas9) guide RNAs and target interrogation are not well defined in living cells. Here, we deployed a dual-color CRISPR system to directly measure the stability of both Cas9 and guide RNA. We found that Cas9 is essential for guide RNA stability and that the nuclear Cas9–guide RNA complex levels limit the targeting efficiency. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements revealed that single mismatches in the guide RNA seed sequence reduce the target residence time from &gt;3 h to as low as &lt;2 min in a nucleotide identity- and position-dependent manner. We further show that the duration of target residence correlates with cleavage activity. These results reveal that CRISPR discriminates between genuine versus mismatched targets for genome editing via radical alterations in residence time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Horodecka, Katarzyna, and Markus Düchler. "CRISPR/Cas9: Principle, Applications, and Delivery through Extracellular Vesicles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 6072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116072.

Full text

Abstract:

The establishment of CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology for eukaryotic gene editing opened up new avenues not only for the analysis of gene function but also for therapeutic interventions. While the original methodology allowed for targeted gene disruption, recent technological advancements yielded a rich assortment of tools to modify genes and gene expression in various ways. Currently, clinical applications of this technology fell short of expectations mainly due to problems with the efficient and safe delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components to living organisms. The targeted in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids and proteins remain technically challenging and further limitations emerge, for instance, by unwanted off-target effects, immune reactions, toxicity, or rapid degradation of the transfer vehicles. One approach that might overcome many of these limitations employs extracellular vesicles as intercellular delivery devices. In this review, we first introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its latest advancements, outline major applications, and summarize the current state of the art technology using exosomes or microvesicles for transporting CRISPR/Cas9 constituents into eukaryotic cells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Xu, Min, Qiaoyou Weng, and Jiansong Ji. "Applications and advances of CRISPR/Cas9 in animal cancer model." Briefings in Functional Genomics 19, no. 3 (2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elaa002.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The recent developments of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/-associate protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have got scientific interests due to the straightforward, efficient and versatile talents of it. Furthermore, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has democratized access to gene editing in many biological fields, including cancer. Cancer development is a multistep process caused by innate and acquired mutations and leads to the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. It is obvious that establishing appropriate animal cancer models which can simulate human cancers is crucial for cancer research currently. Since the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9, considerable efforts have been taken by researchers to apply this technology in generating animal cancer models. Although there is still a long way to go we are happy to see the achievements we have made and the promising future we have.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Yamagishi, Ayana, Daisuke Matsumoto, Yoshio Kato, et al. "Direct Delivery of Cas9-sgRNA Ribonucleoproteins into Cells Using a Nanoneedle Array." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050965.

Full text

Abstract:

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is a powerful and widely used tool for genome editing. Recently, it was reported that direct delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) reduced off-target effects. Therefore, non-invasive, high-throughput methods are needed for direct delivery of RNPs into cells. Here, we report a novel method for direct delivery of RNPs into cells using a nanostructure with a high-aspect-ratio and uniform nanoneedles. This nanostructure is composed of tens of thousands of nanoneedles laid across a 2D array. Through insertion of the nanoneedle array previously adsorbed with Cas9-sgRNA, it was possible to deliver RNPs directly into mammalian cells for genome editing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Mcfadden, Mersey, and Napas Laohasiripanya. "CRISPR-CAS9, THE GENETIC SCISSOR." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 02 (2022): 946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14297.

Full text

Abstract:

In the modern society, gene editing technology is a part of our lives. Genome editing refers to a series of technologies that allow doctors to manipulate an organisms DNA. These technologies allow for the addition, removal, or modification of genetic material at specific parts in the genome.Therefore, it is crucial to understand the process and the influence of it. In this study, our main focus will be on the gene editing technology named CRISPR-Cas9, which is short for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is connected with the protein 9. The medical society is thrilled about this technology because it is more time efficient, more precise, and more inexpensive than other methods. In this paper, we will start with general information about the CRISPR-Cas9 system then move on to a more complex concept. For instance, what will happen if CRISPR modifies non-targeted genes, how CRISPR can assist in curing disease, and the relationship of CRISPR and Covid-19 vaccine. Moreover, we will discuss how CRISPR is associated with the world in the topic of positive and negative effects as well as enhancement in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Román, Elvira, Daniel Prieto, Rebeca Alonso-Monge, and Jesús Pla. "New insights of CRISPR technology in human pathogenic fungi." Future Microbiology 14, no. 14 (2019): 1243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0183.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems have emerged as a powerful tool for genome manipulation. Class 2 type II CRISPR/ CAS9 is so far the most studied system and has been implemented in many biological systems such as mammalian cells, plants, fungi and bacteria. Fungi are important causes of human diseases worldwide. Genetic manipulation of pathogenic fungi is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches and novel antifungals. We will review here the progress done with CRISPR/ CAS9 systems in human pathogenic fungi, with emphasis in Candida albicans and the main modifications that have improved their usefulness in biological research. We finally discuss possible future outcomes and applications to the developed in a near future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Seok, Heeyoung, Rui Deng, Douglas B. Cowan, and Da-Zhi Wang. "Application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for congenital heart disease." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 64, no. 6 (2021): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.02096.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) is an ancient prokaryotic defense system that precisely cuts foreign genomic DNA under the control of a small number of guide RNAs. The CRISPR-Cas9 system facilitates efficient double-stranded DNA cleavage that has been recently adopted for genome editing to create or correct inherited genetic mutations causing disease. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is generally caused by genetic mutations such as base substitutions, deletions, and insertions, which result in diverse developmental defects and remains a leading cause of birth defects. Pediatric CHD patients exhibit a spectrum of cardiac abnormalities such as septal defects, valvular defects, and abnormal chamber development. CHD onset occurs during the prenatal period and often results in early lethality during childhood. Because CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing technology has gained considerable attention for its potential to prevent and treat diseases, we will review the CRISPR-Cas9 system as a genome editing tool and focus on its therapeutic application for CHD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Liu, Wenlou, Chunsheng Yang, Yanqun Liu, and Guan Jiang. "CRISPR/Cas9 System and its Research Progress in Gene Therapy." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 16 (2020): 1912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666191014103711.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome editing refers to changing the genome sequence of an organism by knockout, insertion, and site mutation, resulting in changes in the genetic information of the organism. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) system is a genome editing technique developed by the acquired immune system in the microbes, such as bacteria and archaebacteria, which targets and edits genome sequences according to the principle of complementary base pairing. This technique can be used to edit endogenous genomic DNA sequences in organisms accurately and has been widely used in fields, such as biotechnology, cancer gene therapy, and dermatology. In this review, we summarize the history, structure, mechanism, and application of CRISPR/Cas9 in gene therapy and dermatological diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Lee, Nahyun, Jiyeun Park, Jung-Eun Kim, Ji Young Shin, Kyunghun Min, and Hokyoung Son. "Genome editing using preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes in Fusarium graminearum." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (2022): e0268855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268855.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome editing using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has greatly facilitated the genetic analysis of fungal pathogens. The head blight fungus, Fusarium graminearum, causes destructive losses of economically important cereal crops. The recent development of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for use with F. graminearum has enabled more efficient genome editing. In this study, we described a CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing tool for the direct delivery of preassembled Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the protoplasts of F. graminearum. The use of RNPs significantly increased both the number of transformants and percentage of transformants in which the target gene was successfully replaced with a selectable marker. We showed that a single double-strand DNA break mediated by the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein was sufficient for gene deletion. In addition, short-homology recombination required only 50 base pair regions flanking the target gene. The high efficiency of Cas9 RNPs enables large-scale functional analysis, the identification of essential genes, and gene deletion that is difficult with conventional methods. We expect that our approach will accelerate genetic studies of F. graminearum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR-Cas9) andvirus (short repeat Cas9)'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles