To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: CMCase. eng.
Journal articles on the topic 'CMCase. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 journal articles for your research on the topic 'CMCase. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Klunklin, Warinporn, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, Noppol Leksawasdi, Phisit Seesuriyachan, Thanongsak Chaiyaso, Chayatip Insomphun, et al. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Asparagus Stalk End." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010081.
Full textAbstract:
Cellulose from Asparagus officinalis stalk end was extracted and synthesized to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCas) using monochloroacetic acid (MCA) via carboxymethylation reaction with various sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations starting from 20% to 60%. The cellulose and CMCas were characterized by the physical properties, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, mechanical properties of CMCas films were also investigated. The optimum condition for producing CMCas was found to be 30% of NaOH concentration for the carboxymethylation reaction, which provided the highest percent yield of CMCas at 44.04% with the highest degree of substitution (DS) at 0.98. The melting point of CMCas decreased with increasing NaOH concentrations. Crystallinity of CMCas was significantly deformed (p < 0.05) after synthesis at a high concentration. The L* value of the CMCas was significantly lower at a high NaOH concentration compared to the cellulose. The highest tensile strength (44.59 MPa) was found in CMCas film synthesized with 40% of NaOH concentration and the highest percent elongation at break (24.99%) was obtained in CMCas film treated with 30% of NaOH concentration. The applications of asparagus stalk end are as biomaterials in drug delivery system, tissue engineering, coating, and food packaging.
2
Rizvi, Rubina, Courtney VanHouten, Tiffani J. Bright, Mollie M. McKillop, Shira Alevy, David Brotman, Megan Sands-Lincoln, et al. "The Perceived Impact and Usability of a Care Management and Coordination System in Delivering Services to Vulnerable Populations: Mixed Methods Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): e24122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24122.
Full textAbstract:
Background People with complex needs, such as those experiencing homelessness, require concurrent, seamless support from multiple social service agencies. Sonoma County, California has one of the nation’s largest homeless populations among largely suburban communities. To support client-centered care, the county deployed a Care Management and Coordination System (CMCS). This system comprised the Watson Care Manager (WCM), a front-end system, and Connect 360, which is an integrated data hub that aggregates information from various systems into a single client record. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the perceived impact and usability of WCM in delivering services to the homeless population in Sonoma County. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted to identify ways in which WCM helps to coordinate care. Interviews, observations, and surveys were conducted, and transcripts and field notes were thematically analyzed and directed by a grounded theory approach. Responses to the Technology Acceptance Model survey were analyzed. Results A total of 16 participants were interviewed, including WCM users (n=8) and department leadership members (n=8). In total, 3 interdisciplinary team meetings were observed, and 8 WCM users were surveyed. WCM provided a central shared platform where client-related, up-to-date, comprehensive, and reliable information from participating agencies was consolidated. Factors that facilitated WCM use were users’ enthusiasm regarding the tool functionalities, scalability, and agency collaboration. Constraining factors included the suboptimal awareness of care delivery goals and functionality of the system among the community, sensitivities about data sharing and legal requirements, and constrained funding from government and nongovernment organizations. Overall, users found WCM to be a useful tool that was easy to use and helped to enhance performance. Conclusions WCM supports the delivery of care to individuals with complex needs. Integration of data and information in a CMCS can facilitate coordinated care. Future research should examine WCM and similar CMCSs in diverse populations and settings.
3
Draganova, D., I. Valcheva, Y. Kuzmanova, and M. Naydenov. "Effect of wheat straw and cellulose degrading fungi of genus Trichoderma on soil respiration and cellulase, betaglucosidase and soil carbon content." Agricultural Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (2018): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2018.04.064.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Due to the intensive soil exploitation and increased mineral fertilization, the degradation of plant residues in the soil is becoming more difficult and slower over the years. This disturbs the structure of the soil and the nutritional balance and leads to a reduction in soil fertility. To solve the problem, microorganisms capable of degrading plant residues in the soil can be used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fungi of genus Trichoderma on the biodegradation of wheat straw in the soil by observation of the change in cellulase enzyme activity in the soil and the increase in soil biological activity. The highest basal soil respiration was noted at T2TUR (65.76 µgCO2) and T6 (53.69 µgCO2). During the entire straw degradation period, the highest endoglucanase activity was observed at T4 (285.0 μgGlu) and T6 (275.56 μgGlu), whereas the highest β-glucosidase was noted at T6 (5220.3 μgPNP/g/h) and T1UKR (5020.0 μgPNP/g/h). The presence of cellulose-degrading fungi positively affected the increase in the total amount of microbial biomass at the end of the study period, whereas the amount of Corg was increased in all straw amended variants. At the beginning of the process, CMCase correlated with the microbial carbon (r=0.896 for Cmic) and β-glucosidase activity was closely connected with both soil organic carbon and microbial carbon (r=0.819 for Corg and r=0.866 for Cmic). At the end of the investigated period a stronger correlation with Corg was observed.
4
Silvestre, J., N. Silvestre, and J. de Brito. "An Overview on the Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Ceramics Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/106494.
Full textAbstract:
Due to their prominent properties (mechanical, stiffness, strength, thermal stability), ceramic composite materials (CMC) have been widely applied in automotive, industrial and aerospace engineering, as well as in biomedical and electronic devices. Because monolithic ceramics exhibit brittle behaviour and low electrical conductivity, CMCs have been greatly improved in the last decade. CMCs are produced from ceramic fibres embedded in a ceramic matrix, for which several ceramic materials (oxide or non-oxide) are used for the fibres and the matrix. Due to the large diversity of available fibres, the properties of CMCs can be adapted to achieve structural targets. They are especially valuable for structural components with demanding mechanical and thermal requirements. However, with the advent of nanoparticles in this century, the research interests in CMCs are now changing from classical reinforcement (e.g., microscale fibres) to new types of reinforcement at nanoscale. This review paper presents the current state of knowledge on processing and mechanical properties of a new generation of CMCs: Ceramics Nanocomposites (CNCs).
5
Bache, Martin R., Christopher D. Newton, John Paul Jones, Stephen Pattison, Louise Gale, Pascual Ian Nicholson, and Eleri Weston. "Advances in Damage Monitoring Techniques for the Detection of Failure in SiCf/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites." Ceramics 2, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2020028.
Full textAbstract:
From a disruptive perspective, silicon carbide (SiC)-based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) provide a considerable temperature and weight advantage over existing material systems and are increasingly finding application in aerospace, power generation and high-end automotive industries. The complex structural architecture and inherent processing artefacts within CMCs combine to induce inhomogeneous deformation and damage prior to ultimate failure. Sophisticated mechanical characterisation is vital in support of a fundamental understanding of deformation in CMCs. On the component scale, “damage tolerant” design and lifing philosophies depend upon laboratory assessments of macro-scale specimens, incorporating typical fibre architectures and matrix under representative stress-strain states. This is important if CMCs are to be utilised to their full potential within industrial applications. Bulk measurements of strain via extensometry or even localised strain gauging would fail to characterise the ensuing inhomogeneity when performing conventional mechanical testing on laboratory scaled coupons. The current research has, therefore, applied digital image correlation (DIC), electrical resistance monitoring and acoustic emission techniques to the room and high-temperature assessment of ceramic matrix composites under axial tensile and fatigue loading, with particular attention afforded to a silicon carbide fibre-reinforced silicon carbide composite (SiCf/SiC) variant. Data from these separate monitoring techniques plus ancillary use of X-ray computed tomography, in-situ scanning electron microscopy and optical inspection were correlated to monitor the onset and progression of damage during mechanical loading. The benefits of employing a concurrent, multi-technique approach to monitoring damage in CMCs are demonstrated.
6
Kedward, K. T., and P. W. R. Beaumont. "The treatment of Fatigue and Damage Accumulation in Composite Design." Advanced Composites Letters 1, no. 4 (July 1992): 096369359200100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359200100404.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY The process of design has traditionally involved a specialized treatment of damage accumulation and associated fatigue phenomena, e.g. Miners Rule. The treatment of such phenomena for the case of advanced composites tends to be complicated by the existence of a multiplicity of competing failure modes. The subject assumes even greater importance when the ever expanding types of composite systems are considered, i.e. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC's), Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC's) and Metal Matrix Composites (MMC's) to name the broader categories. All composite systems are considered herein to comprise continuous fiber reinforcements.
7
Palmieri, Giuseppe, Paolo A. Ascierto, Francesco Perrone, Sabrina M. R. Satriano, Alessandro Ottaiano, Antonio Daponte, Maria Napolitano, et al. "Prognostic Value of Circulating Melanoma Cells Detected by Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.01.128.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Factors that are predictive of prognosis in patients who are diagnosed with malignant melanoma (MM) are widely awaited. Detection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has recently been postulated as a possible negative prognostic factor. Two main questions were addressed: first, whether the presence of CMCs, defined as the patient being positive for any of the three markers, had a prognostic role; and second, what the predictive value of each individual marker was. Patients and Methods: A consecutive series of 200 melanoma patients observed between January 1997 and December 1997, with stage of disease ranging from I to IV, was analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Tyrosinase, p97, and MelanA/MART1 were used as markers to CMCs on baseline peripheral blood samples. Progression-free survival (PFS) was used as a unique end point and was described by the product limit method. Multivariable analysis was applied to verify whether the auspicated prognostic value of these markers was independent of the stage of disease, and a subgroup analysis was performed that excluded patients with stage IV disease. Results: Overall, 32% (64 of 200) of patients progressed, and a median PFS of 52 months in the whole series was observed. The presence of CMCs and the markers individually or combined was predictive of prognosis in the univariate analysis but did not provide additional prognostic information to the stage of disease in multivariable models. In the subgroup analysis of stage (ie, I–III subgroup), similar results were observed. Conclusion: Detection of CMCs in peripheral blood samples at the time of MM diagnosis by semiquantitative RT-PCR does not add any significant predictive value to the stage of disease. Thus, this approach should not be used in clinical practice, and further studies are required to determine its usefulness.
8
Benassi, Vivian Machado, Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas, Michele Michelin, João Atílio Jorge, Héctor Francisco Terenzi, and Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli. "Production and action of an Aspergillus phoenicis enzymatic pool using different carbon sources." Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 15, no. 3 (September 6, 2012): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-67232012005000019.
Full textAbstract:
Aspergillus phoenicis is an interesting heat tolerant fungus that can synthesize enzymes with several applications in the food industry due to its great hydrolytic potential. In this work, the fungus produced high enzymatic levels when cultivated on inexpensive culture media consisting of flakes from different origins such as cassava flour, wheat fibre, crushed soybean, agro-industrial wastes, starch, glucose or maltose. Several enzymatic systems were produced from these carbon sources, but amylase was the most evident, followed by pectinase and xylanase. Traces of CMCases, avicelase, lipase, β-xylosidase, β-glucosidase and α-glucosidase activities were also detected. Amylases were produced on rye flakes, starch, oat flakes, corn flakes, cassava flour and wheat fibre. Significant amylolytic levels were produced in the culture medium with glucose or when this sugar was exhausted, suggesting an enzyme in the constitutive form. Cassava flour, rye, oats, barley and corn flakes were also used as substrates in the hydrolytic reactions, aiming to verify the liberation potential of reducing sugars. Corn flakes induced greater liberation of reducing sugars as compared to the others. Thin layer chromatography of the reaction end products showed that the hydrolysis of cassava flour liberated maltooligosaccharides, but cassava flour and corn, rye, oats and barley flakes were hydrolyzed to glucose. These results suggested the presence of glucoamylase and α-amylase as part of the enzymatic pool of A. phoencis.
9
van Roode, Mark, Jeff Price, Josh Kimmel, Naren Miriyala, Don Leroux, Anthony Fahme, and Kenneth Smith. "Ceramic Matrix Composite Combustor Liners: A Summary of Field Evaluations." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181182.
Full textAbstract:
Solar Turbines Incorporated, under U.S. government sponsored programs, has been evaluating ceramic matrix composite combustor liners in test rigs and Solar’s Centaur® 50S gas turbine engines since 1992. The objective is to evaluate and improve the performance and durability of CMCs as high-temperature materials for advanced low emissions combustors. Field testing of CMC combustor liners started in May of 1997 and by the end of 2004, over 67,000 operating hours had been accumulated on SiC∕SiC and oxide∕oxide CMC liners. NOx and CO emissions have been consistently <15ppmv and <10ppmv, respectively. Maximum test durations of 15,144h and 13,937h have been logged for SiC∕SiC liners with protective environmental barrier coatings. An oxide∕oxide CMC liner with a Friable Graded Insulation coating has been tested for 12,582h. EBCs significantly improve SiC∕SiC CMC liner life. The basic three-layer EBC consists of consecutive layers of Si, mullite, and BSAS. The durability of the baseline EBC can be improved by mixing BSAS with mullite in the intermediate coating layer. The efficacy of replacing BSAS with SAS has not been demonstrated yet. Heavy degradation was observed for two-layer Si∕BSAS and Si∕SAS EBCs, indicating that the elimination of the intermediate layer is detrimental to EBC durability. Equivalent performance was observed when the Hi-Nicalon fiber reinforcement was replaced with Tyranno ZM or ZMI fiber. Melt infiltrated SiC∕SiC CMCs have improved durability compared to SiC∕SiC CMCs fabricated by Chemical Vapor Infiltration of the matrix, in the absence of an EBC. However, the presence of an EBC results in roughly equivalent service life for MI and CVI CMCs. Results to date indicate that oxide∕oxide CMCs with protective FGI show minor degradation under Centaur® 50S gas turbine engine operating conditions. The results of, and lessons learned from CMC combustor liner engine field testing, conducted through 2004, have been summarized.
10
Balabai, A. A., A. A. Krikunov, P. M. Semeniv, E. V. Rudenko, and V. P. Zakharova. "MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE MYOCARDIUM IN ITS DIASTOLIC OVERLOAD." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.2.2021.06.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. Adaptation of the heart chambers to their volume overload, which increases with diastolic filling of the left ventricle (LV) or systolic regurgitation in the left atrium (LA) in case of mitral valve insufficiency leads to remodeling of the myocardium of these chambers. Longitudinal hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes (CMCs), realized by building up new sarcomeres at the end of existing myofibrils, is an adaptation mechanism in the early stages, but eventually turns into maladjustment, which leads to heart failure. Hypertrophied CMCs, damaged during decompensation, are replaced by connective tissue due to excessive activation of fibroblasts with deposition of the extracellular matrix, which is also an element of the myocardial remodeling. The progression of heart failure is also associated with a mismatch between blood supply and myocardial oxygen demand, since an increase in the size of the CMCs is accompanied by a rarefaction of the intramural network of microvessels. It is believed that the violation of the ratio of the size of the heart, angiogenesis and cardiac function are the basis for the transition of adaptive compensation of the heart to decompensation with the progression of heart failure.
Objective: to study morphological changes in the myocardium of the LV and LA in patients with mitral valve insufficiency.
Materials and methods. Macroscopically, the condition of the myocardium was studied on the material of 14 autopsies of patients who died of NdMK insufficiency. History of NdMK – from 3 months. up to 2.4±1.1 years. As a control, the hearts of 3 deaths without cardiopathology were studied. The material for light microscopy was pieces of myocardium from different segments of the left ventricle, as well as from the walls of the left ventricle, obtained during autopsy.Morphological (macroscopic, histological and electron microscopic), morphometric and statistical research methods were used.
Results. With LV dilatation associated with chronic mitral valve insufficiency, lengthening of each CMCs provides an increase in the area of the myocardial walls, and, accordingly, the size of the cavity of the corresponding chamber of the heart, which compensates to some extent for the increase in diastolic blood volume in the LV and systolic blood volume in the LA. However, the factor limiting this compensation mechanism is the deficiency of the myocardial microvasculature associated with limited capillary growth. The contradiction between the need for the myocardium to lengthen the CMCs and the inability of capillaries to provide them with oxygen leads to a breakdown in compensation with an increase in fibrotic changes. This is a factor limiting the further increase in the volume of the cavity.
Conclusions. Overloading of the myocardium with volume leads to an increase in the length of the CMCs, on average, from 57.3±9.1 µm to 93.7±12.4 µm. The increase in the length of the CMCs is due to the increase in the number of sarcomeres from 43.7±8.4 to 62.5±14.5. The diameter of the CMCs in this case does not increase reliably. Overloading of the heart cavities with volume is often accompanied by desynchronization of the CMCs contraction, which leads to disruption of the integrity of the myocytic "working syncytium" and pronounced interstitial fibrosis.
11
Walker, Tiffany A., Ben Waite, Mark G. Thompson, Colin McArthur, Conroy Wong, Michael G. Baker, Tim Wood, et al. "Risk of Severe Influenza Among Adults With Chronic Medical Conditions." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 2 (November 4, 2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz570.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Severe influenza illness is presumed more common in adults with chronic medical conditions (CMCs), but evidence is sparse and often combined into broad CMC categories. Methods Residents (aged 18–80 years) of Central and South Auckland hospitalized for World Health Organization-defined severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) (2012–2015) underwent influenza virus polymerase chain reaction testing. The CMC statuses for Auckland residents were modeled using hospitalization International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, pharmaceutical claims, and laboratory results. Population-level influenza rates in adults with congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, diabetes mellitus (DM), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were calculated by Poisson regression stratified by age and adjusted for ethnicity. Results Among 891 276 adults, 2435 influenza-associated SARI hospitalizations occurred. Rates were significantly higher in those with CMCs compared with those without the respective CMC, except for older adults with DM or those aged <65 years with CVA. The largest effects occurred with CHF (incidence rate ratio [IRR] range, 4.84–13.4 across age strata), ESRD (IRR range, 3.30–9.02), CAD (IRR range, 2.77–10.7), and COPD (IRR range, 5.89–8.78) and tapered with age. Conclusions Our findings support the increased risk of severe, laboratory-confirmed influenza disease among adults with specific CMCs compared with those without these conditions.
12
Smith, Gregory N., Paul Brown, Craig James, Sarah E. Rogers, and Julian Eastoe. "Corrigendum to “The effect of solvent and counterion variation on inverse micelle CMCs in hydrocarbon solvents” [Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 494 (2016) 194–200]." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 517 (March 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.12.044.
Full text
13
Müller, Kerstin, Klaus-Jürgen Range, and Anton M. Heyns. "Alkalimetallformiate, V Die Kristallstruktur von Natriumformiat-Dihydrat, NaHCO2·2H2O [1] Alkali Metal Formates, V The Crystal Structure of Sodium Formate Dihydrate, NaHCO2·2H2O [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0905.
Full textAbstract:
Single crystals of sodium formate dihydrate, NaHCO2·2H2O, have been prepared from aqueous solutions of sodium formate, NaHCO2, via the trihydrate, NaHCO2-3H2O. They are orthorhombic, space group Cmca, with a = 7.070(4), b = 14.534(2), c = 8.706(2) Å and Z = 8. The structure, including the hydrogen atoms, was refined to R = 0.054, Rw = 0.065 for 479 unique reflections with I > 3 σ (I). It comprises buckled layers formed by NaO6 octahedra which are edge- and corner-sharing. The octahedral coordination of the sodium ions is achieved by two oxygen atoms from two different end-on bonded formate ions and four water oxygen atoms. The O···H distances show clearly that strong hydrogen bonds are not involved in the bonding system
14
Bai, Jaeil, Joseph S. Francisco, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "Two-dimensional dry ices with rich polymorphic and polyamorphic phase behavior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 41 (September 24, 2018): 10263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809198115.
Full textAbstract:
Both carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are triatomic molecules that are ubiquitous in nature, and both are among the five most abundant gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. At low temperature and ambient pressure, both CO2 and H2O form molecular crystals––dry ice I and ice Ih. Because water possesses distinctive hydrogen bonds, it exhibits intricate and highly pressure-dependent phase behavior, including at least 17 crystalline ice phases and three amorphous ice phases. In contrast, due to its weak van der Waals intermolecular interactions, CO2 exhibits fewer crystalline phases except at extremely high pressures, where nonmolecular ordered structures arise. Herein, we show the molecular dynamics simulation results of numerous 2D polymorphs of CO2 molecules in slit nanopores. Unlike bulk polymorphs of CO2, 2D CO2 polymorphs exhibit myriad crystalline and amorphous structures, showing remarkable polymorphism and polyamorphism. We also show that depending on the thermodynamic path, 2D solid-to-solid phase transitions can give rise to previously unreported structures, e.g., wave-like amorphous CO2 structures. Our simulation also suggests intriguing structural connections between 2D and 3D dry ice phases (e.g., Cmca and PA-3) and offers insights into CO2 polyamorphic transitions through intermediate liquid or amorphous phases.
15
Zhang, Li Tong, Lai Fei Cheng, Xin Gang Luan, Hui Mei, and Yong Dong Xu. "Environmental Performance Testing System for Thermostructure Materials Applied in Aeroengines." Key Engineering Materials 313 (July 2006): 183–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.313.183.
Full textAbstract:
The conventional ultimate performance test by applying a component in its true application (i.e., in an engine) is often very expensive and impractical when dealing with developmental materials. Simpler, less expensive, and more practical test methods must be utilized. The present work aims toward the applications of an innovative methodology for testing environmental performance of advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) in the presence of combined mechanical, thermal, and environmental applied conditions. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of how a composite might perform in certain application environments, a newly developed environmental performance testing system, which is able to provide the fundamental damage information of the composites in simulating service environments including variables such as temperature, mechanical and thermal stresses, flowing oxidizing gases and high gas pressure, is proposed. The system comprises of two subsystems: (1) equivalent experimental simulating subsystem, and (2) wind tunnel experimental simulating subsystem. The evolution mechanisms of the composites properties and microstructures can be achieved by the former, and then be validated and modified by the latter. Various loading (e.g. fatigue, creep), various atmospheres (e.g. argon, oxygen, water vapor, wet oxygen and molten salt vapor) and various temperature conditions (e.g. constant or cyclic temperatures) can be conducted on the system. Some typical experimental results are presented in this paper. Large quantities of tests have demonstrated the extraordinary stability and reliability of the system.
16
Snowdon, Jane L., Barbie Robinson, Carolyn Staats, Kenneth Wolsey, Megan Sands-Lincoln, Thomas Strasheim, David Brotman, et al. "Empowering Caseworkers to Better Serve the Most Vulnerable with a Cloud-Based Care Management Solution." Applied Clinical Informatics 11, no. 04 (August 2020): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715894.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Care-management tools are typically utilized for chronic disease management. Sonoma County government agencies employed advanced health information technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and interagency process improvements to help transform health and health care for socially disadvantaged groups and other displaced individuals. Objectives The objective of this case report is to describe how an integrated data hub and care-management solution streamlined care coordination of government services during a time of community-wide crisis. Methods This innovative application of care-management tools created a bridge between social and clinical determinants of health and used a three-step approach—access, collaboration, and innovation. The program Accessing Coordinated Care to Empower Self Sufficiency Sonoma was established to identify and match the most vulnerable residents with services to improve their well-being. Sonoma County created an Interdepartmental Multidisciplinary Team to deploy coordinated cross-departmental services (e.g., health and human services, housing services, probation) to support individuals experiencing housing insecurity. Implementation of a data integration hub (DIH) and care management and coordination system (CMCS) enabled integration of siloed data and services into a unified view of citizen status, identification of clinical and social determinants of health from structured and unstructured sources, and algorithms to match clients across systems. Results The integrated toolset helped 77 at-risk individuals in crisis through coordinated care plans and access to services in a time of need. Two case examples illustrate the specific care and services provided individuals with complex needs after the 2017 Sonoma County wildfires. Conclusion Unique application of a care-management solution transformed health and health care for individuals fleeing from their homes and socially disadvantaged groups displaced by the Sonoma County wildfires. Future directions include expanding the DIH and CMCS to neighboring counties to coordinate care regionally. Such solutions might enable innovative care-management solutions across a variety of public, private, and nonprofit services.
17
Grujicic, M., JS Snipes, R. Galgalikar, R. Yavari, V. Avuthu, and S. Ramaswami. "Multi-length-scale derivation of the room-temperature material constitutive model for SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 231, no. 5 (August 16, 2015): 443–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420715600002.
Full textAbstract:
In the present work, multi-length-scale physical and numerical analyses are used to derive a SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material model suitable for use in a general room-temperature, finite element-based, structural/damage analysis of gas turbine engine components. Due to its multi-length-scale character, the material model incorporates the effects of fiber/tow (e.g. the volume fraction of the filaments, thickness of the filament coatings, decohesion properties of the coating/matrix interfaces, quality, as quantified by the Weibull distribution parameters, of the filament, coating, and matrix materials, etc.) and ply/lamina (e.g. the 0°/90° cross-ply vs. plain-weave architectures, the extent of tow crimping in the case of the plain-weave plies, cohesive properties of the inter-ply boundaries, etc.) length-scale microstructural/architectural parameters on the mechanical response of the CMCs. To identify and quantify the contribution of the aforementioned parameters on the material response, detailed numerical procedures involving the representative volume elements and the virtual mechanical tests are developed and utilized. The resulting homogenized turbine-engine component-level material model is next integrated into a user-material subroutine and used, in conjunction with a commercial finite element program, to analyze the foreign object damage experienced by a toboggan-shaped turbine shroud segment. The results obtained clearly revealed the role different fiber/tow and ply/lamina microstructural parameters play in the structural/damage response of the gas-turbine CMC components.
18
Ab Jalil, Azilah, Norhani Abdullah, Abdul Razak Alimon, and Suraini Abd-Aziz. "Nutrient Enhancement of Ground Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottboll) Pith by Solid State Fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus for Poultry Feed." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 2 (December 4, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n2p1.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Utilization of ground sago pith (GSP) as poultry feed ingredient is limited due to its high fibre content and negligible amount of protein. Hence, to enhance its utilization in poultry feed formulations, proper treatment method is necessary. This study was aimed to improve the nutritive value of GSP through solid state fermentation (SSF) using <em>Rhizopus microspores </em>var. <em>oligosporus</em> isolated from fermented cooked soybean seeds (local name <em>tempeh</em>). Fermentation of GSP was first conducted in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks to determine the optimized conditions. The substrate was prepared by mixing 50 g of GSP with 50 ml mineral solution and sterilized by autoclaving. The autoclaved GSP was inoculated with 5 ml of <em>R. oligosporus </em>spore suspension (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> spore/mL). Four factors were investigated; moisture levels (35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 ml liquid/50 g substrate), pH values (4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7 and 7.5), incubation temperatures [ambient temperature (28 ± 2), 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5 °C] and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and ammonium molybdate) sources at 1 % (w/v) concentrations. Fermentation was conducted for 3 days and the parameters measured were reducing sugar, soluble protein and hydrolytic enzyme activities. The optimized conditions in the flask system were moisture level of 55 ml liquid/50 g substrate, citrate buffer pH 6.0, incubation temperature 30 °C and ammonium sulphate as the inorganic nitrogen source. A time course study for 7 days under optimized conditions showed that the reducing sugar reached maximum from 15.7 ± 0.5 to 183.8 ± 22.6 mg/g (dmb) at 1.5 days and the soluble protein increased from 9.5 ± 0.5 to 11.4 ± 0.7 µg/g (dmb) at the end of fermentation period. Amylase and CMCase activities were maximum at 3 days of fermentation; 3.58 0.73 ± and 4.44 ± 1.50 U/mg protein, respectively but FPase activities did not show apparent changes during the time course study. Using the optimized condition, scaling up in a horizontal drum laboratory fermenter was conducted using 3 kg of GSP in the presence of air at 4 L/min flow rate. The nutrient composition of fermented GSP produced in the fermenter was 89.1% dry matter, 3.4% crude protein, 5.5% crude fiber, 6.3% ash and 3495 kcal/kg gross energy as compared to 88.2% dry matter, 1.6% crude protein, 6.0% crude fiber, 5.3% ash and 3608 kcal/kg gross energy for untreated GSP. Solid state fermentation by <em>R. oligosporus</em> had increased the reducing sugar by 61%, glucose and fructose by more than 100%, soluble protein by 1% and amino acids by 1.5 to 38.2%. Cysteine which was undetected in the unfermented GSP was produced during the fermentation at a concentration of 222 ppm. The other amino acids were increased by 1.5% (arginine), 2.1% (glutamic acid), 16.2% (isoleucine), 16.5% (leucine), 6.2% (phenylalanine), 25.7% (proline), 38.2% (serine), 27.3% (threonine)and 5.7% (tyrosine). The results showed that the nutritive value of GSP was enhanced by solid state fermentation with <em>R. oligosporus</em>.</p>
19
O'Connor, Owen A. "Innovative approach to determine overall survival (OS) benefit for orphan diseases using case match control analyses (CMCA): The PROPEL experience of pralatrexate in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 7521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.7521.
Full textAbstract:
7521 Background: The challenges in conducting randomized studies in orphan diseases poses limitations on our ability to identify the most promising treatments. Randomized studies in this setting can take protracted periods of time to complete, can be very expensive while not offering the promise of significant commercial return, and could become irrelevant as the pace of scientific advancement continues. The majority of drugs approved in this setting are often approved on surrogate end-points like progression free survival (PFS) or complete response (CR) rates in single arm studies. CMCA are statistically stronger than single arm studies, and can be highly informative in this setting. Methods: We established an integrated international database of patients with R/R PTCL to clarify the OS advantage of pralatrexate using original data from the PROPEL study, an international, multicenter phase II study in patients with R/R PTCL. The propensity score was used to match cases and controls. Cases were matched based on histology, number of previous treatments received, age at diagnosis and sex. Results: With 1:1 ratio match, we identified 83 cases and 83 controls. In total, 83 patients out of 109 treated on the PROPEL study were successfully matched. OS was plotted for each of the two study populations. The survival curves for the control population were found to be nearly identical to that reported for this population from other datasets. The overall survival was 4.04 months (95% CI 2.83, 5.78), which is consistent with historical controls describing this population. The median OS in for the pralatrexate treated cohort in this analysis was 16.6 months (95% CI: 11.99-25.56). The OS was a highly statistically significant difference between these two populations, with a hazard ratio of 0.426 (95% CI: 0.296-0/61). This difference held up for each of the major histologic subsets, including PTCL-NO and angioimmunoblastic PTCL. Conclusions: This approach can be used to better understand how new drugs in orphan diseases perform in heterogeneous patient populations. Clinical trial information: NCT00364923.
20
O'Connor, Owen A., Enrica Marchi, Weining Volinn, and Won Seog Kim. "Case Match Control Analysis of Propel Reveals Survival Advantage for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) Treated with Pralatrexate." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4149.4149.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Overall survival (OS) remains the gold standard proof of a clinical benefit, and differences in OS can only be determined in randomized Phase 3 clinical studies. However, in rare diseases, the conduct of randomized studies is very challenging, takes protracted periods of time to conduct, can be very expensive while not offering the promise of significant commercial return, and could become clinically irrelevant as other new agents and combinations emerge over the extended time frame of the study. Many drugs approved in this setting are often approved on surrogate end-points like progression free survival (PFS) or complete response (CR) rates in single arm Phase 2 studies. A middle-ground approach could involve using case-matched control analyses (CMCA), which are statistically more robust that single arm Phase 2 studies, and can provide meaningful insights into the likelihood of success in the randomized setting. CMCA require access to large well annotated datasets with a representative patient population, and can be used to benchmark a new drug in a defined patient population. Unfortunately, these types of analyses have not been routinely used in oncology, certainly not in patients with PTCL. We established an integrated international database of patients with R/R PTCL in order to better clarify the clinical benefit and survival advantage of pralatrexate in patients with R/R PTCL, using the original raw data from the PROPEL study. Data Source. The control population is derived from a collection of four historical databases of patients with R/R PTCL, including: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA), and Samsung Medical Center (SMC). These databases were all annotated with the criteria used to define the PROPEL study population. The cases are from the PROPEL study, an international, multicenter single arm phase II study or pralatrexate in patient with R/R PTCL. The analysis was conducted by an independent statistician in collaboration with investigators from Columbia University. Method for Matching. The propensity score match was used to match cases and controls. The following characteristics are used in the match process: histology, number of previous treatments received, age at diagnosis (with 20 years interval), and sex. With 1:1 ratio match, the process identified 83 cases and 83 controls. The analysis population includes 68.7% female from cases and 66.3% from controls. For cases and controls, the age distributions are similar: mean age is 57.2 with the range (21 - 83) for cases and 56.7 with range (24 - 89). About 60% of patients received less than three previous treatments in both cases and controls ( 58% vs 59%). More than half of the patients in both cases and controls had histology PTCL-unspecified. Other histology above 10% are AILT and ALCL, primary systemic type. Results. In total, 83 patients out of 109 treated on the PROPEL study were successfully matched with the control population. The cases were matched 1 : 1. Overall survival was plotted for each of the two study populations. The survival curves for the control population were found to be nearly identical to that reported for this population from other datasets, including the ones reported from the International T-Cell Lymphoma Project, the British Columbia experience and the T-Cell Project. The overall survival was 4.04 months (95% CI 2.83, 5.78), which is consistent with historical controls describing the natural history of R/R PTCL in this population. The PROPEL study, which reported an overall response rate of 29% in patients with multiply relapsed PTCL, reported on one of the most diverse and heavily treated populations of R/R PTCL. In PROPEL, the median number of prior therapies was three, with 19% of patient receiving more than 5 lines of prior therapy. The median OS in for the pralatrexate treated cohort in this analysis was 16.6 months (95% CI: 11.99-25.56). There was a highly significant difference in the OS between these two populations, with a hazard ratio of 0.426 (95% CI: 0.296-0/61). The OS curves are shown below. This CMCA demonstrates a highly significant difference in OS in favor of patients treated with pralatrexate. This approach can be used to better understand how new drugs in orphan diseases perform in heterogeneous patient populations. Additional statistical and sensitivity analyses will be reported. Figure. Figure. Disclosures O'Connor: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Spectrum: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Spectrum: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Volinn:LLXSolutions,LLC: Employment.
21
Schwarz, Michael, Pirmin Stüble, and Caroline Röhr. "Rubidium chalcogenido diferrates(III) containing dimers [Fe2Q6]6− of edge-sharing tetrahedra (Q=O, S, Se)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 72, no. 8 (August 28, 2017): 529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2017-0076.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe two isotypic rubidium chalcogenido diferrates Rb12[Fe2Q6](Q2)3 (Q=S/Se), which both form needles with green-metallic lustre, were synthesized from Rb2S, elemental iron, rubidium and sulfur (Q=S) or from the pure elements (Q=Se) at maximum temperatures of 500–800°C. Their triclinic crystal structures were determined by means of X-ray single crystal data (space group P1̅, a=863.960(10)/903.2(3), b=942.790(10)/982.1(3), c=1182.70(2)/1227.4(4) pm, α=77.4740(10)/77.262(6), β=71.5250(10)/71.462(6), γ=63.7560(10)/63.462(5)°, Z=1, R1=0.0308/0.0658 for Q=S/Se). The structures contain isolated dinuclear anions [FeIII2Q6]6− composed of two edge-sharing [FeQ4] tetrahedra (dFe−Q =223.4–232.3/236.2–244.8 pm), which are also found in the two polymorphs of the pure alkali diferrates Rb6[Fe2Q6]. The diferrate ions are arranged in layers running in the a/b plane around z=0. Inbetween (around $z \approx {1 \over 2}$), two crystallographically different disulfide/diselenide ions $Q_2^{2 - }$ (dQ−Q =211.1–213.4/237.9–241.1 pm), which are arranged in slightly puckered 36 nets, are intercalated. The intra-anionic distances and angles, the Rb coordination numbers and the molar volumes of these two ‘double-salts’ are in accordance with their corresponding reference compounds, Rb6[Fe2Q6] and Rb2Q2. In addition, the two polymorphs of Rb6[Fe2Se6], which are both isotypic with the sulfido analogous (Cs6[Ga2Se6]-type, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=827.84(5), b=1329.51(7), c=1074.10(6) pm, β=127.130(5)°, R1=0.0443 and Ba6[Al2Sb6]-type, orthorhombic, space group Cmce, a=1963.70(3), b=718.98(3), c=1348.40(7) pm, R1=0.0264) were prepared and characterized to complete the series of alkali diferrates(III) with oxido, sulfido and selenido ligands. The electronic band structures of the three Rb salts Rb6[Fe2Q6], which have been calculated within the GGA+U approach applying an AFM spin ordering in the dimers and appropriate Hubbard parameters, allow a comparison of the chemical bonding characteristics (e.g. covalency) and the magnetic properties (magnetic moments) within the series of chalcogenido ligands. An analysis of the spin densities enables a comparative consideration of the mechanisms crucial for the magnetic ordering in chalcogenido ferrates. Ultimately, the electronic structure of the new compound Rb12[Fe2S6](S2)3 nicely compares with those of the S2-free reference compound Rb6[Fe2S6].
22
Presby, Michael J., Manigandan Kannan, Gregory N. Morscher, Cody Godines, Amirhossein Eftekharian, Jalees Ahmad, Frank Abdi, and Sung R. Choi. "An Investigation of the End-Notched Flexure and End-Loaded Split Tests Applied to the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture of a SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 142, no. 4 (February 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4044490.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Delamination is a common failure mode observed in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and occurs as a result of applied interlaminar tensile and shear stresses exceeding the interlaminar strength. As CMCs are further implemented into aero engines, the need to understand their interlaminar failure becomes increasingly important. While significant contributions have been made toward understanding the mode I fracture toughness of CMCs, limited work exists on mode II. Several test methods for measuring the mode II fracture toughness have been proposed in the literature, namely, the end-notched flexure (ENF) and the end-loaded split (ELS) tests. This work investigates the mode II fracture toughness of a melt-infiltrated SiC/SiC CMC at ambient temperature using the ENF and ELS test methods. Acoustic emission (AE), direct current potential drop (DCPD), and digital image correlation (DIC) are implemented as health monitoring techniques to monitor crack initiation and propagation. Results show reasonable correlation between the two test methods and that the ELS test method is better suited for characterizing R-curve behavior.
23
Ahmed, Abeer Ahmed Qaed, and Tracey McKay. "Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Materials by Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Paenibacillus illioisensis CX11." Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 22, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v5i2.4469.
Full textAbstract:
The utilization of lignocellulosic materials to produce a variety of building blocks (e.g. fermentable sugars) is an interesting alternative approach to meeting the growing demand for high value chemicals. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed by cellulase and xylanase enzymes into their respective building blocks (hexoses and pentoses), which can later be converted into the targeted compounds. The aim of this study was to test the ability of Paenibacillus illinoisensis CX11 to saccharify different lignocellulosic materials, and to determine its ability to produce cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes for possible use in converting lignocellulosic materials into their respective fermentable sugars. The ability of P. illinoisensis CX11 to produce CMCase, xylanase, FPase, and avicelase was tested using SSF of corn stalk. Furthermore, the ability of P. illinoisensis CX11 to saccharify lignocellulosic materials was tested using corn stalk, wheat bran, sawdust, and corn cob. The amount of reducing sugars released from the saccharification of lignocellulosic materials was determined by the 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid (DNS) method. Obtained results showed that P. illinoisensis CX11 can produce CMCase (400.12 ± 1.23 U/L), xylanase (385.57 ± 2.25 U/L), FPase (266.93 ± 2.22 U/L), avicelase (187.85 ± 2.22 U/L) and extracellular protein (4.56 ± 0.14 mg/L). Moreover, P. illinoisensis CX11 showed an ability to saccharify lignocellulosic materials. These findings confirm that P. illinoisensis CX11 has the ability to produce cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, and to hydrolyze different lignocellulosic materials into fermentable sugars. Therefore, this study concludes that P. illinoisensis CX11 can be considered a good source of cellulase and xylanase enzymes to saccharify different lignocellulosic materials.
24
Bolli, Robi A. R., Asma Arshia, Syed A. Hassan, Chandrashekhar Dasari, Yibing Nong, Yiru Guo, Alex A. Tomlin, and Qianhong Li. "Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells Cultured at Physiologic Oxygen Tension Have Superior Therapeutic Efficacy in Heart Failure Caused by Myocardial Infarction." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.662415.
Full textAbstract:
Stem/progenitor cells are usually cultured at atmospheric O2 tension (21%); however, since physiologic O2 tension in the heart is ∼5%, using 21% O2 may cause oxidative stress and toxicity. Cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs), a newly discovered and promising type of progenitor cells, are effective in improving left ventricle (LV) function after myocardial infarction (MI). We have previously shown that, compared with 21% O2, culture at 5% O2 increases CMC proliferation, telomerase activity, telomere length, and resistance to severe hypoxia in vitro. However, it is unknown whether these beneficial effects of 5% O2in vitro translate into greater therapeutic efficacy in vivo in the treatment of heart failure. Thus, murine CMCs were cultured at 21% or 5% O2. Mice with heart failure caused by a 60-min coronary occlusion followed by 30 days of reperfusion received vehicle, 21% or 5% O2 CMCs via echocardiography-guided intraventricular injection. After 35 days, the improvement in LV ejection fraction effected by 5% O2 CMCs was > 3 times greater than that afforded by 21% O2 CMCs (5.2 vs. 1.5 units, P < 0.01). Hemodynamic studies (Millar catheter) yielded similar results both for load-dependent (LV dP/dt) and load-independent (end-systolic elastance) indices. Thus, two independent approaches (echo and hemodynamics) demonstrated the therapeutic superiority of 5% O2 CMCs. Further, 5% O2 CMCs, but not 21% O2 CMCs, significantly decreased scar size, increased viable myocardium, reduced LV hypertrophy and dilatation, and limited myocardial fibrosis both in the risk and non-infarcted regions. Taken together, these results show, for the first time, that culturing CMCs at physiologic (5%) O2 tension provides superior therapeutic efficacy in promoting cardiac repair in vivo. This concept may enhance the therapeutic potential of CMCs. Further, culture at 5% O2 enables greater numbers of cells to be produced in a shorter time, thereby reducing costs and effort and limiting cell senescence. Thus, the present study has potentially vast implications for the field of cell therapy.
25
Bolli, Robi, Chandrashekhar Dasari, Amr Alkasir, Asma Arshia, Yibing Nong, Yiru Guo, Usman Ashraf, and Qianhong Li. "Abstract 13832: Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells (CMCs) Cultured at Physiologic Oxygen Tension Have Superior Therapeutic Efficacy in Mice With Heart Failure Caused by Myocardial Infarction." Circulation 142, Suppl_3 (November 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13832.
Full textAbstract:
Stem/progenitor cells are usually cultured at atmospheric O 2 tension (21%); however, since physiologic O 2 tension in the heart is ~5%, using 21% O 2 may cause oxidative stress and toxicity. CMCs, a newly-discovered and promising type of progenitor cells, are effective in improving LV function after myocardial infarction (MI). To determine if 5% O 2 enhances therapeutic efficacy of CMCs, murine CMCs were cultured at 21% or 5% O 2 . Compared with 21% O 2 , culture at 5% O 2 significantly ( P <0.001) increased cell proliferation, telomerase activity, telomere length, and resistance to severe hypoxia (1% O 2 for 24 h) in vitro . Then, LV dysfunction was produced in 48 mice by a 60 min MI; 30 days later, mice received vehicle or CMCs cultured at 21% O 2 or 5% O 2 . After 35 days, the improvement in LV ejection fraction effected by 5% O 2 CMCs was >3 times greater than by 21% O 2 CMCs (5.2 vs. 1.5 units, P <0.01) (Figs. A-B). Hemodynamic studies (Millar catheter) yielded similar results both for load-dependent (LV dP/dt) and load-independent (end-systolic elastance) indices (Figs. C-D). Thus, 2 independent methods (echo and hemodynamics) demonstrated that compared with 21% O 2 , using 5% O 2 to culture CMCs results in greater functional improvement in the failing heart. Further, 5% O 2 CMCs produced greater reduction in myocardial fibrosis and exhibited much longer survival after transplantation ( P <0.01 for both). In conclusion, culturing CMCs at physiologic (5%) O 2 tension results in more rapid proliferation (reducing time and cost to achieve target cell numbers), less senescence, greater resistance to severe hypoxia (making cells better able to survive in scarred regions where O 2 is very low [1-2%]), and superior therapeutic efficacy in promoting cardiac repair after MI. Thus far, almost all preclinical and clinical studies of cell therapy have used 21% O 2 to culture cells. Our data challenge this paradigm and support the need to change the methods used to culture CMCs and possibly other progenitor cells.
26
Dassanayaka, Sujith, Bethany W. Long, Ayesha Zafir, Shahab Ghafghazi, Gregory N. Hunt, Camille T. Noble, Angelica M. DeMartino, Kenneth R. Brittian, Steven P. Jones, and Marcin Wysoczynski. "Abstract 25: A Streamlined Technique to Stabilize C-kit Expression in Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells." Circulation Research 119, suppl_1 (July 22, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/res.119.suppl_1.25.
Full textAbstract:
Adoptive transfer of various reparative cells attenuates cardiac dysfunction in preclinical models of heart failure. Although c-kit sorted cells do not transdifferentiate to an extent sufficient to explain improvements in ventricular function, their adoptive transfer reliably attenuates cardiac dysfunction. Curiously, few studies report maintenance of c-kit expression with passage, and our experience indicates rapid dissipation of c-kit. Here, we asked whether we could stabilize c-kit expression during passage of c-kit sorted cells. To this end, we standardized an approach to isolate c-kit + cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) and to preserve c-kit expression over several passages (panel A). This protocol was predicated on the differential adhesion capacity of c-kit sorted CMCs, allowing their stratification into two groups: rapidly adhering (RA) and slowly adhering (SA). After characterization of these cells (panel B), we tested their reparative capacity using echo-guided, percutaneous intracavitary delivery in mice at two days following myocardial infarction (MI). SA, but not RA, CMCs significantly reduced scar area and improved ejection fraction (EF) compared to [cell-free] vehicle (panels C, D, and E). Examination of the post-MI hearts indicated augmented ischemic zone capillary formation in the SA group (panel F), consistent with potential neovascularization. In conclusion, we established a method to stabilize c-kit expression in a reparative subset of CMCs (i.e. SA CMCs). Our results, however, did not reconcile whether such maintenance of c-kit expression is required for the reparative function of the SA CMCs, which is the subject of future investigation.
27
Choi, Sung R., and Robert W. Kowalik. "Interlaminar Crack Growth Resistances of Various Ceramic Matrix Composites in Mode I and Mode II Loading." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 130, no. 3 (April 2, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2800349.
Full textAbstract:
Interlaminar crack growth resistances were evaluated for five different SiC fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) including three gas-turbine grade melt-infiltrated SiC∕SiC composites. Modes I and II crack growth resistances, GI and GII, were determined at ambient temperature using double cantilever beam and end notched flexure methods, respectively. The CMCs exhibited GI=200–500J∕m2 and GII=200–900J∕m2. All the composites (except for one SiC/CAS composite) showed a rising R-curve behavior either in mode I or in mode II, presumably attributed to fiber bridging (in modes I and II) and frictional constraint (mode II) in the wake region of a propagating crack. A glass fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer matrix composite showed typically two to three times greater GI and eight times greater GII, compared to the CMCs. An experimental error analysis regarding the effect of the off-the-center of a crack plane on GI and GII was also made.
28
Kang, Yi, Marjan Nasr, Yiru Guo, Shizuka Uchida, Tyler Weirick, Hong Li, Jae Kim, et al. "Administration of cardiac mesenchymal cells modulates innate immunity in the acute phase of myocardial infarction in mice." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (September 8, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71580-z.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Although cardiac mesenchymal cell (CMC) therapy mitigates post-infarct cardiac dysfunction, the underlying mechanisms remain unidentified. It is acknowledged that donor cells are neither appreciably retained nor meaningfully contribute to tissue regeneration—suggesting a paracrine-mediated mechanism of action. As the immune system is inextricably linked to wound healing/remodeling in the ischemically injured heart, the reparative actions of CMCs may be attributed to their immunoregulatory properties. The current study evaluated the consequences of CMC administration on post myocardial infarction (MI) immune responses in vivo and paracrine-mediated immune cell function in vitro. CMC administration preferentially elicited the recruitment of cell types associated with innate immunity (e.g., monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils). CMC paracrine signaling assays revealed enhancement in innate immune cell chemoattraction, survival, and phagocytosis, and diminished pro-inflammatory immune cell activation; data that identifies and catalogues fundamental immunomodulatory properties of CMCs, which have broad implications regarding the mechanism of action of CMCs in cardiac repair.
29
Walock, Michael J., Vann Heng, Andy Nieto, Anindya Ghoshal, Muthuvel Murugan, and Dan Driemeyer. "Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials for Engine Exhaust Systems on Next-Generation Vertical Lift Vehicles." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 140, no. 10 (June 25, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4040011.
Full textAbstract:
Future gas turbine engines will operate at significantly higher temperatures (∼1800 °C) than current engines (∼1400 °C) for improved efficiency and power density. As a result, the current set of metallic components (titanium-based and nickel-based superalloys) will be replaced with ceramics and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). These materials can survive the higher operating temperatures of future engines at significant weight savings over the current metallic components, i.e., advanced ceramic components will facilitate more powerful engines. While oxide-based CMCs may not be suitable candidates for hot-section components, they may be suitable for structural and/or exhaust components. However, a more thorough understanding of the performance under relevant environment of these materials is needed. To this end, this work investigates the high-temperature durability of a family of oxide–oxide CMCs (Ox–Ox CMCs) under an engine-relevant environment. Flat Ox–Ox CMC panels were cyclically exposed to temperatures up to 1150 °C, within 240 m/s (∼0.3 M) gas flows and hot sand impingement. Front and backside surface temperatures were monitored by a single-wavelength (SW) pyrometer and thermocouple, respectively. In addition, an infrared (IR) camera was used to evaluate the damage evolution of the samples during testing. Flash thermography nondestructive evaluation (NDE) was used to elucidate defects present before and after thermal exposure.
30
Prasad, Namrata, Tiffany A. Walker, Ben Waite, Tim Wood, Adrian A. Trenholme, Michael G. Baker, Colin McArthur, et al. "Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults With Chronic Medical Conditions." Clinical Infectious Diseases, June 12, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa730.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background In contrast with respiratory disease caused by influenza, information on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease among adults with chronic medical conditions (CMCs) is limited. Methods We linked population-based surveillance of acute respiratory illness hospitalizations to national administrative data to estimate seasonal RSV hospitalization rates among adults aged 18–80 years with the following preexisting CMCs: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Age- and ethnicity-adjusted rates stratified by age group were estimated. Results Among 883 999 adult residents aged 18–80 years, 281 RSV-positive hospitalizations were detected during 2012–2015 winter seasons. Across all ages, RSV hospitalization rates were significantly higher among adults with COPD, asthma, CHF, and CAD compared with those without each corresponding condition. RSV hospitalization rates were significantly higher among adults with ESRD aged 50–64 years and adults with DM aged 18–49 years and 65–80 years compared with adults in each age group without these conditions. No increased risk was seen for adults with CVA. The CMC with the highest risk of RSV hospitalization was CHF (incidence rate ratio [IRR] range, 4.6–36.5 across age strata) and COPD (IRR range, 9.6–9.7). Among RSV-positive adults, CHF and COPD were independently associated with increased length of hospital stay. Conclusions Adults with specific CMCs are at increased risk of RSV hospitalizations. Age affects this relationship for some CMCs. Such populations maybe relevant for future RSV prevention strategies.
31
Traino, Katherine A., Christina M. Sharkey, Megan N. Perez, Dana M. Bakula, Caroline M. Roberts, John M. Chaney, and Larry L. Mullins. "Health Care Utilization, Transition Readiness, and Quality of Life: A Latent Class Analysis." Journal of Pediatric Psychology, November 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa099.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective To identify possible subgroups of health care utilization (HCU) patterns among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with a chronic medical condition (CMC), and examine how these patterns relate to transition readiness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods Undergraduates (N = 359; Mage=19.51 years, SD = 1.31) with a self-reported CMC (e.g., asthma, allergies, irritable bowel syndrome) completed measures of demographics, HCU (e.g., presence of specialty or adult providers, recent medical visits), transition readiness, and mental HRQoL (MHC) and physical HRQoL (PHC). Latent class analysis identified four distinct patterns of HCU. The BCH procedure evaluated how these patterns related to transition readiness and HRQoL outcomes. Results Based on seven indicators of HCU, a four-class model was found to have optimal fit. Classes were termed High Utilization (n = 95), Adult Primary Care Physician (PCP)-Moderate Utilization (n = 107), Family PCP-Moderate Utilization (n = 81), and Low Utilization (n = 76). Age, family income, and illness controllability predicted class membership. Class membership predicted transition readiness and PHC, but not MHC. The High Utilization group reported the highest transition readiness and the lowest HRQoL, while the Low Utilization group reported the lowest transition readiness and highest HRQoL. Conclusions The present study characterizes the varying degrees to which AYAs with CMCs utilize health care. Our findings suggest poorer PHC may result in higher HCU, and that greater skills and health care engagement may not be sufficient for optimizing HRQoL. Future research should examine the High Utilization subgroup and their risk for poorer HRQoL.
32
G. Torres, Luis, Roberto González, and Jorge Gracida. "Production and Application of No-purified Rhamnolipids in the Soil-washing of TPHs Contaminated Soils." Asian Soil Research Journal, April 19, 2018, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/asrj/2018/v1i1618.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: This work aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of producing (mono- and di-) rhamnolipids employing a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 9027 employing olive oil as a substrate and some mineral salts. This rhamnolipid is a biosurfactants with multiple applications The CMC of this product under different conditions (filtered, unfiltered, in the presence and absence of Fe and Mg, at different pH values) was assessed. At the end, the UP was assessed in the washing of a TPH contaminated soil.
Place and Duration of Study: Bioprocess department. Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnologia-IPN facilities, during 2016.
Methodology: Rhamnolipids were produced with P. aeruginosa in olive oil, then by drying the culture broth was generated an unpurified product (UP) that contained 0.19% rhamnolipids. Critical micelle concentration CMC of UP products were evaluated in the presence of Ca2+ or Fe3+ from 0.5 to 2 mM, and pH values from 4 to 10. Finally, this surfactant was assessed in the washing of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, and compared with other synthetic surfactants.
Results: It was found that CMCs were similar to those reported in the literature for pure rhamnolipids. The UP products have shown dynamic behavior in the soil washing at concentrations below 176 mg/L because removed 80% of 6,500 mg TPH/Kg from a gravel-sandy soil; the rhamnolipids could be removed TPH through mobilization mechanism.
Conclusion: It was possible to produce rhamnolipid using olive oil as carbon source and strain of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 to levels of 100 mg/L. It was feasible to produce a powder containing 1.19% of rhamnolipids. The UP had better properties as a surfactant than the purified product. The pH affects the CMC of the rhamnolipids in a way that promotes their behavior as ionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant. The ionic strength with Ca 2+ and Fe3+ has an effect on the CMC of rhamnolipids so that the decreases in the range of 35 to 41 mg/L in the presence of 0.5 to 2 mM of metals. The UP rhamnolipids were employed for washing soil contaminated with 6,500 mg/kg increased TPH removal at low concentrations and to be as effective as chemical surfactants. TPH removal observed was about 80% for rhamnolipid with a CMC x 0.074 concentration.