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Chikurov, Nikolay. Mathematical problems of coordinate measuring machines. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1163946.
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The monograph discusses solutions to mathematical problems related to the measurement of various machine-building parts on coordinate measuring machines (CMM). In addition, a number of mathematical problems that arise when measuring parts on the CMM are solved. The method of carrying out the corresponding measurements and mathematical calculations is given. It is intended for specialists who develop and maintain CMM control systems, for CMM operators, as well as for students of technical universities of relevant specialties.
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Murashko, Mikhail, Igor Ivanov, and Nadezhda Knyazyuk. THE BASICS OF MEDICAL CARE QUALITY AND SAFETY PROVISION. ru: Advertising and Information Agency "Standards and quality», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35400/978-5-600-02711-4.
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SUMMARY
Current monograph represents and reviews key approaches to creating an effective internal quality and safety control system for an organization, based on patient-oriented approach, process approach, risk management, continuous process improvement and other methods including definition of all applied terms, a number of examples and step by step manuals on executing key measures and events to create and develop a quality control system and local documentation samples.
Target audience for this monograph: hospital leadership, including CMO, deputy CMO on quality, head of quality control committee or designated quality control specialist, other medical workers.
ABOUT «THE BASICS OF MEDICAL CARE QUALITY AND SAFETY PROVISION»
All changes and reforms in healthcare should provide for medical care quality improvement, preservation of life and health of all citizens. Once an abstract word “quality” has its’ own specific meaning today, acquired by means of legislative validation of the term “medical care quality and safety”. Providing healthcare quality and safety is one of the key priorities within the confines of Russian Federation national policy for citizens’ health protection.
Current issue represents actual knowledge and practical experience in terms of medical care quality and safety control, continuous medical organization efficiency improvement. Current issue addresses the matters of theoretical and practical aspects of introducing management and internal quality and safety control system in medical care. It also contains the methodological description of Proposals (practical recommendations) of Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Healthcare, developed based on global experience generalization, adapted to Russian specificity, aimed at quality and safety provision. Current issue represents a large number of samples, examples, templates and check-list tables. Data, accumulated in the monograph, allows the reader create a proper system of measures in a medical organization to comply with the order № 381-н of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation «On approving Requirements towards organizing and executing medical care internal quality and safety control».
TARGET AUDIENCE
Current issue is intended for a wide range of readers, interested in management: for healthcare organization leaders, CMOs and deputy CMOs, deputy CMOs on quality, quality control committee leaders or designated quality control specialists, physicians, nurses, medical academicians and students, and all specialists, interested in medical organizations’ stable development and improvement.
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Android Boot Camp Developer Java Computer Beginners Guide. Cengage Learning, Inc, 2012.
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Android Boot Camp for Developers Using Java Comprehensive. Cengage Learning, Inc, 2014.
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Android Boot Camp for Developers Using Java Introductory. Cengage Learning, Inc, 2012.
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Yamauchi, Henry, and Shashi Malik. Csp: A Developer's Guide (Ranade IBM Series). McGraw-Hill Companies, 1992.
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Yamauchi, Henry, and Shashi Malik. Csp: A Developer's Guide (Ranade IBM Series). McGraw-Hill Companies, 1992.
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Sharon, E. Michael. Assessment of hazard trees within developed campgrounds in the Rocky Mountain Region. 1985.
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Android Boot Camp for Developers Using Java: A Guide to Creating Your First Android Apps. Cengage Learning, 2015.
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Learning Leadership: How to Develop Outstanding Teen Leadership Training Programs at Camp. Human Kinetics Publishers, 2003.
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Hughes, Roland. The Minimum You Need to Know to Be an OpenVMS Application Developer. Logikal Solutions, 2006.
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Boute, Anatole, and Sergey Seliverstov. A Tortuous Path to Efficiency and Innovation in Heat Supply. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0012.
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Early innovators in CHP-DH, the Soviet Union opted for the large-scale deployment of CHP-DH to ensure the centralized supply of heat and electricity, while in most countries’ heat production and supply was developed based on individual boilers. Currently, Russian heat production installations have low energy efficiency. CHP-DH penetration rate has been decreasing as consumers have started to switch to individual boilers. This ‘chaotic boilerization’ trend threatens to nullify the innovation gains achieved by Russia. To attract investments in the modernization of the CHP-DH infrastructure, Russia adopted an innovative approach to regulation: market-based principles in heat supply. Surprisingly, despite government interference, authorities have concluded that the market—instead of subsidies—must drive innovation. Russian experience highlights the difficulty of implementing innovative market-based reforms to attract investments in CHP-DH systems. Price limits avoid abuses of the heat suppliers’ de facto monopoly and thus remain a crucial regulatory task to ensure affordability.
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Bacskai-Atkari, Julia. The relative cycle in Hungarian declaratives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0004.
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This chapter examines word order variation and change in the high CP-domain of Hungarian embedded clauses containing the finite subordinating C head hogy ‘that’. It is argued that the complementizer hogy developed from an operator of the same morphophonological form, meaning ‘how’, and that its grammaticalization path develops in two steps. In addition to the change from an operator, located in a specifier, into a C head (specifier-to-head reanalysis), the fully grammaticalized complementizer hogy also changed its relative position on the CP-periphery, ultimately occupying the higher of two C head positions (upward reanalysis). Other complementizers that could co-occur with hogy in Old Hungarian eventually underwent similar reanalysis processes. Hence the possibility of accommodating two separate C heads in the left periphery was lost and variation in the relative position of complementizers was replaced by a fixed order.
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Bailkin, Jordanna. Hard Core. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814214.003.0008.
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This chapter addresses how camps functioned as sites of rebellion and daily acts of resistance. As camps transitioned from military to civilian control, they developed conflicting regimes of discipline with competing definitions of physical and political freedom. Camp authorities and refugees struggled to determine whether refugees could enter and leave the camps freely, and if they could choose where and when to settle. The chapter considers how camp authorities sought to limit refugees’ freedoms and what rationales they offered—within a liberal democratic society—for these restrictions. In Britain, refugee camps dramatized the tensions around mobility (physical, social, and political) that characterize democratic states and selves.
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Katz, Claire Elise, and Thomas Wartenberg. Growing up with Philosophy Camp: How Learning to Think Develops Friendship, Community, and a Sense of Self. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.
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Katz, Claire Elise, and Thomas Wartenberg. Growing up with Philosophy Camp: How Learning to Think Develops Friendship, Community, and a Sense of Self. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.
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Mercati, Flavio. York’s Solution to the Initial-Value Problem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0008.
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In this chapter I briefly review York’s method (or the conformal method) for solving the initial value problem of (GR). This method, developed initially by Lichnerowicz and then generalized by Choquet-Bruhat and York, allows to find solutions of the constraints of (GR) (in particular the Hamiltonian, or refoliation constraint) by scanning the conformal equivalence class of spatial metrics for a solution of the Hamiltonian constraint, exploiting the fact that, in a particular foliation (CMC), the transverse nature of the momentum field is preserved under conformal transformations. This method allows to transform the initial value problem into an elliptic problem for the solution for which good existence and uniqueness theorems are available. Moreover this method allows to identify the reduced phase space of (GR) with the cotangent bundle to conformal superspace (the space of conformal 3-geometries), when the CMC foliation is valid. SD essentially amounts to taking this phase space as fundamental and renouncing the spacetime description when the CMC foliation is not available.
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Brewer, James E., and Charles H. Self. Individual Biases in Retirement Planning and Wealth Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0019.
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Around the globe, the gradual move from defined benefit pensions to defined contribution pensions has increased the need for individual retirement planning. Examples of this include U.S. savings rates at historic lows, poor retirement prospects for citizens in developed countries, and the disparaging gap between investor returns and market returns. Research indicates that individuals working with a financial advisor generally receive better results than those who do not. Working with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) gives an added level of security because a CFP takes an oath to keep the client’s interests ahead of his or her own. This chapter puts describes giving nudges to help individuals close the savings, investing, and behavior gaps that will improve their total wealth and wealth-transfer picture.
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Tamte, Roger R. Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.001.0001.
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Existing football literature lacks an adequate history of the creation of American football, primarily because it fails to sufficiently examine individual human contributions, especially the circumstances and role of those contributions in achieving the game’s distinctive and appealing features. Walter Camp is the key person in American football’s development, almost a solitary leader in the game’s early years, influential in development of various component features of the game, and inventor of its most important rule, the downs-and-distance rule (today four downs to advance ten yards). Camp was closely involved in American football throughout his life, a generally positive experience until the game encounters a major crisis in the early 1900s, when American football and its rule makers are attacked because of the game’s perceived brutality. Conflict develops over potential solutions, and Camp is partially defeated with the help of President Theodore Roosevelt, effectively forcing inclusion of forward passing in the game.
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Kuisong, Yang, and Stephen A. Smith. Communism in China, 1900–2010. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.047.
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The article examines the rise of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from its foundation in the May Fourth Movement, through the first and second united fronts with the Guomindang to victory following the Sino-Japanese War in 1945. It examines land reform and the campaigns against counter-revolutionaries and the attempt of Mao Zedong to leap into communism through the Great Leap Forward. It shows how Mao concluded from the ‘revisionism’ in the Soviet Union that advance from ‘undeveloped’ to ‘developed’ socialism depends on continuous class struggle against those who would take the capitalist road. The postscript traces China’s rise to the world’s second largest economic power, via policies of export-led and investment- led growth initiated by Deng Xiaoping. It shows that this has bought unprecedented prosperity but also unprecedented inequality. It concludes that rising social conflict does not at present threaten the stability of the CCP.
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Pissarskoi, Eugen. The Controllability Precautionary Principle: Justification of a Climate Policy Goal Under Uncertainty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813248.003.0011.
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How can we reasonably justify a climate policy goal if we accept that only possible consequences from climate change are known? Precautionary principles seem to offer promising guidelines for reasoning in such epistemic situations. This chapter presents two versions of the precautionary principle (PP) and defends one of them as morally justifiable. However, it argues that current versions of the PP do not allow discrimination between relevant climate change policies. Therefore, the chapter develops a further version of the PP, the Controllability Precautionary Principle (CPP), and defends its moral plausibility. The CPP incorporates the following idea: in a situation when the possible outcomes of the available actions cannot be ranked with regard to their value, the choice between available options for action should rest on the comparison of how well decision makers can control the processes of the implementation of the available strategies.
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Biscan, Benjamin, Sergio Pérez Monforte, Lars Schöbitz, and Anthony Kilbride. SFD Promotion Initiative: Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003218.
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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation conditions, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city”. The production and publication of an SFD report for Cap-Haitien (Haiti) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places along the sanitation chain that need more attention, improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, and describes the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation and; iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.
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Crane, Hewitt, Edwin Kinderman, and Ripudaman Malhotra. A Cubic Mile of Oil. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195325546.001.0001.
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One cubic mile of oil (CMO) corresponds very closely to the world's current total annual consumption of crude oil. The world's total annual energy consumption - from all energy sources- is currently 3.0 CMO. By the middle of this century the world will need between 6 and 9 CMO of energy per year to provide for its citizens. Adequate energy is needed remove the scourge of poverty and provide food, clothing, and shelter for the people around the world, and more will be needed for measures to mitigate the potential effects of climate change such as building dikes and desalinating water. A Cubic Mile of Oil describes the various energy sources and how we use them, projects their future contributions, and delineates what it would take to develop them to annually produce a CMO from each of them. The requirement for additional energy in the future is so daunting that we will need to use all resources. We also examine how improved efficiency and conservation measures can reduce future demand substantially, and help distinguish approaches that make a significant impact as opposed to merely making us feel good. Use of CMO eliminates a multitude of units like tons of coal, gallons of oil, and cubic feet of gas; obviates the need for mind-numbing multipliers such as billions, trillions, and quadrillions; and replaces them with an easy-to-understand volumetric unit. It evokes a visceral response and allows experts, policy makers and the general public alike to form a mental picture of the magnitude of the challenge we face. In the absence of an appreciation of the scale of the problem, we risk squandering efforts and resources in pursuing options that will not meet tomorrow's global energy needs. We must make critical choices, and a common understandable language is essential for a sustained meaningful dialog.
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El Refaie, Elisabeth. Visual Metaphor and Embodiment in Graphic Illness Narratives. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678173.001.0001.
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This study uses the analysis of visual metaphor in 35 graphic illness narratives—book-length stories about disease in the comics medium—in order to re-examine embodiment in traditional Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and propose the more nuanced notion of “dynamic embodiment.” Building on recent strands of research within CMT, and drawing on relevant concepts and findings from other disciplines, including psychology, phenomenology, social semiotics, and media theory, the book develops the argument that the experience of one’s own body is constantly adjusting to changes in one’s individual state of health, sociocultural practices, and the activities in which one is engaged at any given moment, including the modes and media that are being used to communicate. This leads to a more fluid and variable relationship between physicality and metaphor use than many CMT scholars assume. For example, representing the experience of cancer through the graphic illness narrative genre draws attention to the unfathomable processes going on beneath the body’s visible surface, particularly now that digital imaging technologies play such a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This may lead to a reversal of conventional conceptualizations of knowing and understanding in terms of seeing, so that vision itself becomes the target of metaphorical representations. A novel classification system of visual metaphor, based on a three-way distinction between pictorial, spatial, and stylistic metaphors, is also proposed.
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Lin, Yi-min. Dancing with the Devil. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190682828.001.0001.
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From 1978 through the turn of the century China was transformed from a state-owned economy into a predominantly private economy. This fundamental change took place under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which is ideologically mandated and politically predisposed to suppress private ownership. Dancing with the Devil explains how and why such an ironic and puzzling reality came about. The central thesis is that private ownership became a necessary evil for the CCP because the public sector was increasingly unable to address two essential concerns for regime survival: employment and revenue. Focusing on political actors as a major group of change agents, the book examines how their self-interested behavior led to the decline of public ownership. Demographics and the state’s fiscal system provide the analytical coordinates for revealing the changing incentives and constraints faced by political actors and for investigating their responses and strategies. These factors help explain CCP leaders’ initial decision to allow limited private economic activities at the outset of reform. They also shed light on the subsequent growth of opportunism in the behavior of lower-level officials, which undermined the vitality of public enterprises. Furthermore, they hold a key to understanding the timing of the massive privatization in the late 1990s, as well as its tempo and spread thereafter. The book illustrates how the driving forces developed and played out in these intertwined episodes of the story. In so doing, it offers new insights into the mechanisms of China’s economic transformation and enriches theories of institutional change.
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Whatmore-Thomson, Helen J. Nazi Camps and their Neighbouring Communities. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789772.001.0001.
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Across Europe the Nazis established their concentration camps close to local communities. These communities were not perpetrators like the Nazis or victims like the internees. Yet they did not simply stand by aloof, untouched by the presence of such institutions. During the war local populations interacted with their nearby camps, willingly and unwillingly facilitating operations for the perpetrators as well as aiding inmates. Afterwards, the camps were often reused as internment camps, then as prisons, military compounds, or housing encampments. Over time, many were transformed into sites of memory to mark Nazi persecution. The fates of camps were often determined by governments and groups of survivors, but the steps taken to achieve those ends occurred on local territory and had direct implications for localized communities. Locals, therefore, continued to interact with camp legacies. Adopting a micro-historical comparative approach, this book examines how local populations evolved to live with ‘their’ Nazi camps. Using three case studies of major camps in Western Europe—Natzweiler-Struthof, Neuengamme, and Vught—it evaluates the different sorts of locality–camp relationships that developed in France, Germany, and the Netherlands during wartime, and how these played out in post-war scenarios of reuse and memorialization. It traces the contested developments of these camp sites in the changing political climates of the post-war years, and explores the interrelationships between local and national memory. These local communities were commonly scarred by their proximity to atrocity, but the nature of their involvements in the aftermath of the camps has varied significantly.
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Thorne, Sara, and Sarah Bowater. Non-invasive imaging. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759959.003.0003.
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Non-invasive imaging is used extensively in patients with congenital heart disease. It is an invaluable tool in both in the initial diagnosis and also with the serial assessment and monitoring of patients. As the technology and our knowledge continues to develop in this field, it has largely replaced the use of invasive techniques, such as cardiac catheterization, for diagnosis and assessment in many conditions. This chapter discusses chest X-ray (CXR), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echo (TOE), cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, and computed tomography (CT).
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Flammang, Janet A. Tables Away from Home. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040290.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on table conversations that take place outside the home. More specifically, it considers in-depth cases of how our civic selves are developed through conversations in a variety of settings such as friends' homes, schools, camps, colleges, religious institutions, firehouses, addiction-recovery programs, gang prevention programs, and the military. After discussing commensality and conversation found at school tables, the chapter examines table talk that transpires at camp tables, college tables, religious tables, male tables, homies dinners, military meals, and at meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous and other programs for recovering addicts. It shows that people gathered at tables away from home emulate domestic tables by re-creating “family” or “comfort” or “safety,” all of which help an individual find his/her voice in conversations.
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Barrett, Rusty. Down the K-Hole. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390179.003.0005.
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The chapter analyzes language use in Circuit Noize, a magazine distributed at circuit parties, a type of rave dance party for gay men. The magazine positioned itself as representing the “circuit boy” subculture that developed around circuit parties. The magazine promoted the use of in-group circuit boy slang and awarded prizes for examples of witty camp language overheard at circuit parties. After an overview of circuit subculture, the chapter presents a detailed discussion of the language ideology promoted by the magazine. The language ideology in Circuit Noize served to differentiate circuit boys from other men, both gay and straight. Although the personal style of circuit boy subculture emphasized expressions of masculinity similar to those associated with heterosexual men, the use of language promoted by the magazine serves to differentiate circuit masculinity from heterosexual masculinity.
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Lewis, Mary E. Disease and Trauma in the Children from Roman Britain. Edited by Sally Crawford, Dawn M. Hadley, and Gillian Shepherd. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199670697.013.25.
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This chapter explores our current knowledge of pathology and trauma in Romano-British non-adult samples focusing on the children from the late Roman cemetery of Poundbury Camp, Dorset. Evidence for metabolic diseases (rickets, scurvy, iron deficiency anaemia), fractures, thalassemia, congenital disorders and tuberculosis, are presented with emphasis on what their presence tells us about the impact of the Romans in Britain. Many of the large Roman sites from the UK were excavated long before diagnostic criteria for recognizing pathology in child remains were fully developed, and European studies tend only to focus on anaemia and its link to malaria. A lack of environmental evidence for the sites from which our skeletal remains are derived is also problematic, and this chapter hopes to set the agenda for future research into the health and life of children living in the Roman World.
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Nadkarni, Vidya, and J. Michael Williams. International Relations and Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.408.
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Both the political science fields of International Relations (IR) and Comparative Politics (CP) developed around a scholarly concern with the nature of the state. IR focused on the nature, sources, and dynamics of inter-state interaction, while CP delved into the structure, functioning, and development of the state itself. The natural synergies between these two lines of scholarly inquiry found expression in the works of classical and neo-classical realists, liberals, and Marxists, all of whom, to varying degrees and in varied ways, recognized that the line dividing domestic and international politics was not hermetically sealed. As processes of economic globalization, on the one hand, and the globalization of the state system, on the other, have expanded the realm of political and economic interaction, the need for greater cross-fertilization between IR and CP has become even more evident. The global expansion of the interstate system has incorporated non-European societies into world politics and increased the salience of cultural and religious variables. These dynamics suggest that a study of cultures, religions, and histories, which shape the world views of states and peoples, is therefore necessary before assessments can be made about how individual states may respond to varied global pressures in their domestic and foreign policy choices.
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Radde-Gallwitz, Andrew. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668977.003.0009.
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This chapter underscores the principal conclusions drawn in previous chapters, especially regarding Gregory’s penchant for thinking via complex and ambiguous chains of imagery. It also underscores the reactive nature of his texts. Gregory was continually prodded not only by opponents but also by allies to revisit his own writings, to clarify matters, and to defend himself. These provocations grew out of the networks he developed as a prominent bishop in the pro-Nicene, pro-Melitian camp favored by Theodosius. Coupled with his rhetorical education, his apprenticeship to his brother, and his preaching at the church’s feast days, this context of accusations and mutual testing led Gregory to write in a certain way, framing his works around objections and counterarguments. These writing practices are inseparable from his doctrinal theology, and they structure not only technical treatises but also homilies, letters, and orations intended for more general audiences.
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Richardson, Henry. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190247744.003.0012.
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This concluding chapter restates the book’s central arguments in a simple, linear order, highlighting its conclusions about the nature of the moral community, the proper analysis of dyadic rights and duties, and the possibility of moral authority. It explains how this argument clears away a threshold objection to constructive ethical pragmatism (CEP) and how the book’s accounts of practical intelligence, moral psychology, and objectivity further support this normative ethical view. It considers how the central argument might be extended by dropping the assumption that moral authority is limited to specifying objective moral norms and by relaxing the expository focus on cases of two intelligent individuals working things out together at the input stage. Against the former of these broadenings, it notes the value of the way that the account, as developed, enables us to reconcile morality’s possibly eternal objective core with the possibility of our contingently adding to its objective content.
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Austin, Allan W. From Race Relations to Community Relations. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037047.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the activities of the Race Relations Committee, which was established in 1943 and remained after World War II. The new committee created several integrated projects (including housing efforts and a work camp) as well as interracial projects such as minority hiring efforts and a university lectureship program. By 1950, Quakers in the AFSC had thus developed an indirect, Friendly approach to interracial relations that while still working to correct individual ignorance now saw the need to reform society as well. Understanding the details of that approach and how Quakers arrived at it provides important insights into Quakers and race in the first half of the twentieth century. It also helps to fill in the historiographical gap concerning the racial activism of Quakers between their nineteenth-century efforts at reform and their participation in the Civil Rights Movement that blossomed in the 1950s and beyond.
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Pearce, Lynn M. Business Plan Handbook: A Compilation of Actual Business Plans Developed by Businesses Throughout North America (Business Plans Handbook). Gale Cengage, 2007.
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Manson, Allan. Multiple-Offense Sentencing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.003.0013.
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This chapter argues that the various instances of multiple-offense sentencing are sufficiently different, and that a sentencing system needs to develop a few different methodologies to address different multiple-offense situations. It first considers a number of issues relating to the sentencing of multiple offenders, with particular emphasis on concurrent and consecutive sentences, bulk discounts, proportionality and overall or total culpability, and the so-called culpability cap. It also distinguishes between low-order offenses and high-order offenses and examines the potential role, in limited circumstances, of being able to simply add two or three sentences to reach an acceptable level of overall culpability. Finally, it proposes a typology of multiple-offense sentencing with two scales, one based on the number of offenses and the other on the type of offense.
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Fabbri, Chiara, and Alessandro Serretti. The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0031.
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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease associated with high personal and socio-economic burden. Genetics accounts for 20–95% of variability in central nervous system drug disposition and pharmacodynamics, thus genetic markers are considered a promising way to develop tailored treatments and improve the prognosis of the disease. Among mood stabilizers, lithium response was the most investigated phenotype and the most replicated genes are involved in synaptic plasticity (BDNF), serotonergic (SLC6A4) and dopaminergic (DRD1) neurotransmission, and second messenger cascades (GSK3B). Relevant pharmacogenetic findings regarding other mood stabilizers are hyperammonaemia (CPS1 gene) and hepatic dysfunction (POLG gene) induced by valproate and immune-mediated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions (HLA-B*1502) induced by lamotrigine or carbamazepine. Polymorphisms in cytochrome (CYP) P450 genes are expected to provide useful information particularly in case of polypharmacy. Despite few pharmacogenetic tests are currently recommended, the development of pharmacogenetics in other fields of medicine provides an encouraging perspective.
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Focarelli, Dario. Can Insurance Companies Help More SMEs to Access Capital Markets? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0015.
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SMEs account for more than half of business sector output and employment in Europe, and depend heavily on bank credit. The credit crunch following the recent recession was more severe for banks in countries under greater stress. With banks concentrating on raising additional capital, and handicapped by impaired assets, it is important to expand the sources of long-term funding for SMEs. This chapter reviews the obstacles to a more extensive use of the main market-based debt instruments for SME financing (securitization, covered bonds, small/mid-cap bonds, private placements), from the point of view of the insurance industry, in order to develop policy recommendations that are able to remove barriers without jeopardizing the insurance companies’ overall stability. These recommendations should be considered within the Capital Markets Union initiative, the ultimate success of which will be crucial in determining the future ability of insurers to finance SMEs and, more importantly, in achieving an integrated European financial system.
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Business Plan Handbook: A Compilation of Actual Business Plans Developeed by Businesses Throughout North America (Business Plans Handbook). Thomson Gale, 2006.
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Booij, Geert. Inheritance and motivation in Construction Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712329.003.0002.
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The basic question to be addressed in this chapter is: what is the status of the notions ‘inheritance’ and ‘default inheritance’ in the theoretical framework of Construction Morphology (CM)? This framework, developed in Booij (2010), assumes a hierarchical lexicon with both abstract morphological schemas and stored complex words that instantiate these schemas. The lexicon of a language can be modelled in such a way that the abstract word formation schemas dominate their individual instantiations. Thus, the lexicon is partially conceived of as a hierarchical network in which lower nodes, the existing complex words, can be assumed to inherit information from dominating higher nodes. Advantages of a full-entry theory over an impoverished entry theory are outlined, and the chapter includes discussion of polysemy, allomorphy, and the class of items that fall between derivatives and compounds using ‘affixoids’.
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Viola, Judah J., and Olya Glantsman, eds. Diverse Careers in Community Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190457938.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of Diverse Careers in Community Psychology is to (1) highlight the diversity of career options for someone with community psychology training; (2) provide details about the different types of careers (e.g., tasks involved, benefits and challenges, salary range, and so on); and (3) list the steps one can take to develop skills and position oneself for such a career. This text provides a better understanding of the diverse career options available for people who train in community psychology (CP), and how the CP competencies are put into practice across the full spectrum of job titles and career paths that a community psychologist might follow. The book includes 23 chapters authored by 30 different community psychologists with various backgrounds, interests, and areas of expertise, who provide examples of what it is like to work in their settings. The book also includes a summary of a first-of-its-kind career survey of over four hundred individuals in the field. It is our hope that this text will help current, prospective, and former students in community psychology and related fields, as well as professionals interested in expanding or changing their careers, to find an ideal career path.
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Gisborne, Nikolas, and Robert Truswell. Where do relative specifiers come from? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0003.
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Headed relative clauses with filled Spec,CP positions are cross-linguistically rare, but have emerged repeatedly in Indo-European languages. We explore this unusual typological fact by examining the emergence and spread of English headed wh-relatives. The major claims developed in this chapter are: (1) aspects of the diachrony of headed wh-relatives must be reduced to competing specifications of the behaviour of a given lexical item, rather than to competition among multiple forms associated with a given function; (2) headed wh-relatives spread gradually from form to form, rather than spreading gradually up the Accessibility Hierarchy as assumed in much earlier work. We suggest that the unusual typology of headed relatives with filled specifiers can then be understood in terms of inheritance of a stable set of lexical items from Proto-Indo-European, and biases affecting acquisition of the syntactic properties of these items.
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Eisen, Robert. Religious Zionism, Jewish Law, and the Morality of War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687090.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
When the state of Israel was established in 1948, it was immediately thrust into war, and rabbis in the religious Zionist community were challenged with constructing a body of Jewish law to deal with this turn of events. Laws had to be “constructed” here because Jewish law had developed mostly during prior centuries when Jews had no state or army, and therefore it contained little material on war. The rabbis in the religious Zionist camp responded to this challenge by creating a substantial corpus of laws on war, and they did so with remarkable ingenuity and creativity. The work of these rabbis represents a fascinating chapter in the history of Jewish law and ethics, but it has attracted relatively little attention from academic scholars. The purpose of the present book is therefore to bring some of their work to light. It examines how five of the leading rabbis in the religious Zionist community dealt with key moral issues in the waging of war. Chapters are devoted to R. Abraham Isaac Kook, R. Isaac Halevi Herzog, R. Eliezer Waldenberg, R. Sha’ul Yisraeli, and R. Shlomo Goren. The moral issues examined include the question of who is a legitimate authority for initiating a war, why Jews in a modern Jewish state can be drafted to fight on its behalf, and whether the killing of enemy civilians is justified. Other issues examined include how the laws of war as formulated by religious Zionist rabbis compares to those of international law.
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Bonner, Adrian, ed. Local Authorities and the Social Determinants of Health. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447356233.001.0001.
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As many social inequalities widen, this is a crucial survey of local authorities' evolving role in health, social care, and wellbeing. The book reviews structural changes in provision and procurement, and explores social determinants of health including intergenerational needs and housing. The book begins with an overview of the relationship between health and housing, regional disparities and responses across England, Wales, and Scotland in the provision of health and social care, and local authority commissioning. It considers how the Municipal Corporations Act (1835) led to the establishment of elected town councils. In the mid- to late 20th century, municipalisation gave way to centralised government, which subverted the autonomy of local authorities. Currently, social care is provided and funded by local authorities and private funders. The main objective of social care is to help people to live well and happily, and live as long as they can. This person-centred approach is in contrast to the systems that have been developed to support the health care needs of people. In 2020, poverty still remains a key driver of poor health and wellbeing. With detailed assessments of regional disparities and case studies of effective strategies and interventions from local authorities, the book addresses complex issues (Wicked Issues), considers where responsibility for wellbeing lies and points the way to future policy-making. The Centre for Partnering (CfP), a network of universities working with the private and third sectors, is a key outcome of this innovative review.
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Garcia, Ernest V., James R. Galt, and Ji Chen. SPECT and PET Instrumentation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0003.
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Nuclear cardiac imaging is solidly based on many branches of science and engineering, including nuclear, optical and mathematical physics, electrical and mechanical engineering, chemistry and biology. This chapter uses principles from these scientific fields to provide an understanding of both the signals used, and the imaging system that captures these signals. Nuclear cardiology’s signals are the x-rays or ?-rays photons emitted from a radioactive tracer and its imaging systems are either single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) cameras. This combination has met with remarkable success in clinical cardiology. This success is due to the combination of sophisticated electronic nuclear instruments with a highly specific and thus powerful signal. The signal is as important as or more important than the imaging system. There is a misconception that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and echocardiography are superior to nuclear cardiology imaging because of their superior spatial resolution. Yet, in detecting perfusion defects what is really necessary is superior contrast resolution. It is this superior contrast resolution that allows us to differentiate between normal and hypoperfused myocardium facilitating the visual analysis of nuclear cardiology perfusion images. Because these objects are bright compared to the background radioactivity, computer algorithms have been developed that allow us to automatically and objectively process and quantify our images. This chapter explains many of the important scientific principles necessary to understand nuclear cardiology imaging in general, i.e., how these sophisticated imaging systems detect the radiation emitted from the radiotracers.
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Farghaly, Samir A. Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
The standard management for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a combination of aggressive debulking surgery with residual tumor of less than 1 cm and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, a high percentage of patients experience disease recurrence. Extensive efforts to find new therapeutic options have been made, albeit cancer cells develop drug resistance and malignant progression occurs. Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to enhance progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced EOC. Several preclinical and clinical studies investigated feasibility and efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in EOC. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of ACT in EOC, focusing on Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-restricted tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and MHC-independent immune effectors such as natural killer and cytokine-induced killer. The available data suggest that ACT may provide the best outcome in patients with low tumor burden, minimal residual disease, or maintenance therapy. Further preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed.
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Mendelovici, Angela. The Phenomenal Basis of Intentionality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863807.001.0001.
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Some mental states seem to be "of" or "about" things or to "say" something. For example, a thought might represent that grass is green, and a visual experience might represent a blue cup. This is intentionality. The aim of this book is to explain this phenomenon. Once we understand intentionality as a phenomenon to be explained, rather than a posit in a theory explaining something else, we can see that there are glaring empirical and in-principle difficulties with currently popular tracking and functional role theories of intentionality, which aim to account for intentionality in terms of tracking relations and functional roles. This book develops an alternative theory, the phenomenal intentionality theory (PIT), on which the source of intentionality is none other than phenomenal consciousness, the subjective, felt, or qualitative aspect of mental life. While PIT avoids the problems that plague tracking and functional role theories, it faces its own challenges in accounting for the rich and complex contents of thoughts and the contents of nonconscious states. In responding to these challenges, this book proposes a novel version of PIT, one on which all intentionality is phenomenal intentionality, though we in some sense represent many non-phenomenal contents by ascribing them to ourselves. This book further argues that phenomenal consciousness is an intrinsic feature of mental life, resulting in a view that is radically internalistic in spirit: Our phenomenally represented contents are literally in our heads, and any non-phenomenal contents we in some sense represent are expressly targeted by us.