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Kim, Hyun Gi, and Shin-Young Yim. "Ipsilateral Hypertrophy of the Mastoid Process in Surgical Cases of Congenital Muscular Torticollis." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 56, no. 10 (June 9, 2019): 1295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665619853966.
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Objective:This study was to investigate ipsilateral hypertrophy of the mastoid process in the patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT).Design:Retrospective cross-sectional study.Patients:Children with CMT.Methods:A total of 212 surgical cases of patients with CMT (age: 50.9 ± 44.3 months) and 212 age- and gender-matched controls (age: 50.4 ± 44.2 months) were included. The mastoid process volume was calculated and compared for both groups on the computed tomography axial images. A linear regression analysis was performed between the age and the intrasubject volume difference in the mastoid process.Results:The volume of the mastoid process in the CMT side was significantly larger than that of the non-CMT side in the CMT group (32.2 ± 30.3 cm3vs 21.9 ± 22.8 cm3; P < .001). In the control group, there was no significant difference between the volume of the right and left mastoid process (21.6 ± 24.6 cm3vs 21.2 ± 23.8 cm3; P = .472). The intrasubject volume difference in the mastoid process in the CMT group showed a linear increase with the age (adjusted R2= 0.286; P < .001), and the volumetric asymmetry of the mastoid process became more severe over age compared to the control group.Conclusion:We showed ipsilateral hypertrophy of the mastoid process in patients with CMT and demonstrated that the volumetric asymmetry increased with age.
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Kim, Young Ju, Hyeona Bae, Sun Woo Shin, ARom Cho, Yeseul Jeon, Tae-Sung Hwang, Dong-In Jung, Dae Young Kim, Jun-Gu Kang, and DoHyeon Yu. "Two Clinical Cases of Feline Hemoplasmosis in Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 60, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.127.
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Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (hemoplasmosis) is an infection of the red blood cells caused by the Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt). The existence of Mhf, CMhm, and CMt has been demonstrated in feral cats in Korea using molecular methods, but no clinical cases have yet been reported. This study reports 2 clinical cases of hemotropic mycoplasmosis caused by CMhm and CMt in 2 anemic cats. The first case was a client-owned intact female domestic shorthair cat that presented with fever, pale mucous membranes, and normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia. Prior to referral, an immunosuppressive prednisolone dose was administered at the local veterinary clinic for 1 month. The cat was diagnosed with high-grade alimentary lymphoma. Organisms were found on the surface of the red blood cells on blood smear examination. The second case was of a rescued cat that presented with dehydration and fever. The cat had normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia. Necropsy revealed concurrent feline infectious peritonitis. Polymerase chain reaction assay targeting 16S rRNA revealed CMhm infection in case 1 and dual infection of CMhm and CMt in case 2. Normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia was observed in both cats before and during the management of the systemic inflammation. This is the first clinical case report in Korea to demonstrate CMhm and CMt infections in symptomatic cats.
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Robinson, Richard. "CMT." Neurology Today 3, no. 7 (July 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132985-200307000-00002.
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He, Sui. "Cognitive metaphor theories in translation studies: Toward a dual-model parametric approach." Intercultural Pragmatics 18, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2021-0002.
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Abstract Cognitive metaphor theory provides a systematic framework to better understand the working mechanism of metaphor. Its recent development further allows translation researchers to have a clearer insight into the movement of metaphor across languages and culture. Building on an empirical study, this paper examines the complementary relationship between two prominent cognitive metaphor theories – Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT), and discusses the practical contribution that this relationship could make to the existing research on metaphor translation. To construct a comparable basis for CMT and CBT, two parameters are adopted for data analysis, which is proven useful to serve the purpose. The two chosen parameters are: projection and provenance, denoting the content and the type of metaphor respectively. Metaphorical expressions analyzed in this paper are sourced from cosmology-themed articles published in Scientific American in 2017 and their Simplified Chinese translations published in Huanqiukexue. Findings show that delineated by the two parameters, CMT and CBT indeed share a complementary relationship owing to their different focuses and organizing mechanisms. Furthermore, the collaboration between CMT and CBT offers a well-rounded analytical framework for translation studies. In turn, the correlation between metaphor parameters and translation solutions provides detailed clues for studying metaphor across culture. Finally, the reflection of this dual-model parametric approach regarding its pros and cons is also shown to shed light on future research.
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Parajuli, Sanket, Sadhana Sharma, Ruchi Shrestha, and Senny Chapagain. "Changes in Central Corneal Thickness and Central Macular Thickness following Uncomplicated Small-incision Cataract Surgery." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v15i1.50086.
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Introduction: Cataract surgery is an invasive procedure that causes mechanical and inflammatory insult to the eye. Objectives: The objective was to study the changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) which is an indirect indicator of corneal endothelial dysfunction and the changes in macular thickness following uncomplicated small incision cataract surgery (SICS) Materials and methods: This was a prospective observational study with a before-and-after design conducted in Reiyukai Eiko Masunaga eye hospital, Banepa, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal. SICS was performed on 68 eyes of 62 patients. Change in CCT and central macular thickness (CMT) from baseline was observed post-surgery on the first day, one week, and six weeks. Results: There were 27 (43.5%) females and 35 males (56.5%) in the study. Mean age was 58.26 ±10 years. This difference of visual acuity between pre and post-operative state was statistically significant. The first post-operative day (POD) and first week post-operative CCT values when compared with preoperative CCT values were statistically significant. However, post-operative CCT values at six weeks were similar to preoperative values. Also, the differences at day one, first week and six weeks post-operative CMT values when compared with preoperative CMT values were statistically significant. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a significant rise in CCT after SICS which gradually tends to normalize at six weeks. Similarly there is a gradual rise in CMT after SICS persisting even at six weeks. These changes were subtle and there was a marked improvement of visual acuity at six weeks after SICS.
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Croston, Michelle, Jack Summerside, Mina Kakaiya, and Chris Irons. "The compassionate mind approach to supporting psychological wellbeing in people living with HIV." British Journal of Nursing 34, no. 3 (February 6, 2025): 160–64. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2024.0302.
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There is a growing body of evidence exploring the health, psychological and social benefits of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) for managing complex issues such as shame, loneliness, stigma and disease adjustment. As a component of CFT, compassionate mind training (CMT) has been found to bring about significant reductions in psychological distress and improvements in levels of compassion, emotion regulation and wellbeing. There is also growing evidence for how these approaches can bring benefits across a variety of psychological and physical health difficulties, including HIV. This study explored how a CMT-informed wellbeing day followed by access to The Self-Compassion App supported people with HIV. Most study participants (97%) found taking part in the session helpful, reporting they felt they had increased their knowledge around compassion and understood the benefits of CMT after engaging in it. The compassionate mind approach and CFT can support and improve psychological wellbeing in people living with HIV.
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Goenka, Shilpi, and Lorne M. Golub. "In Vitro Study of the Effects of Five Chemically Modified Tetracycline (CMT) Analogs on Human Epidermal Melanogenesis: Potential as Novel Anti-Melanogenic Agents." Drugs and Drug Candidates 2, no. 4 (October 15, 2023): 810–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ddc2040041.
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Treatment of hyperpigmented skin disorders by novel drug candidates without side effects remains an ongoing area of research. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) are a group of nonantimicrobial tetracycline drugs that have been shown to possess multiple pharmacological activities. We have previously documented the anti-melanogenic effects of CMT-3 and its 9-amino derivative, CMT-308. Herein, we have extended our analysis to evaluate other CMT analogs, namely CMT-1, CMT-4, CMT-5, CMT-6, and CMT-8, for their impact on melanogenesis using primary human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn-DP cells). CMT analogs were screened using a tetrazolium-based assay to identify nontoxic concentration ranges that were further used to analyze the effects of CMTs on cellular melanin content and morphology (via quantitation of dendricity). Cellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity and levels of melanogenesis proteins, TYR, and microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) were also evaluated to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their effects on melanogenesis. The findings demonstrated that exposure to CMT-8 resulted in notable cytotoxic effects at concentrations >10 µM; hence, all five analogs were further evaluated and compared at 10 µM. None of the five CMT analogs exhibited any impact on intracellular melanin in HEMn-DP cells at the concentration of 10 µM. However, CMT-1, CMT-4, and CMT-8 robustly suppressed dendricity parameters in HEMn-DP cells, while CMT-5 and CMT-6 showed no effect, suggesting that only a subset of CMT analogs can attenuate melanocyte dendricity. Moreover, the analog CMT-5, which has β-diketone blocked, was ineffective, thus confirming the role of this moiety in suppressing dendrite formation. CMT-1 and CMT-8 did not affect cellular tyrosinase activity, while CMT-4 suppressed TYR activity at 10 µM. The capacity of CMT-4 and CMT-8 to suppress dendricity was partly associated with their ability to downregulate MITF protein levels, while CMT-1 had no effect on MITF but suppressed TYR protein levels. The results of this study indicate that CMT-1, CMT-4, and CMT-8 merit further investigation using in vivo studies as potential drug candidates for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Park, Jiwon, Minji Kwon, Beom-Joon Lee, Kwan-Il Kim, and Hee-Jae Jung. "The Effectiveness and Safety of Chuna Manual Therapy Adjuvant to Western Medicine in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Investigator-Initiated, Pilot Trial." Healthcare 12, no. 2 (January 9, 2024): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020152.
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Recently, non-pharmacological treatments are gaining increasing importance for improving the quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of conducting extensive research on Chuna manual therapy (CMT). This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of CMT adjuvant to Western medicine (WM) in patients with COPD. Forty patients with COPD were randomized into two groups in a 1:1 ratio: experimental (CMT plus WM) and control (WM only) groups. The CMT intervention was administered once a week for eight weeks. The primary outcome measured was the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Secondary outcomes measured were: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), assessments using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for dyspnea, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D). The mean differences in FEV1 (L) between Weeks 1 and 8 were statistically significant between the groups (p = 0.039). Additionally, the experimental group showed improved 6MWD, mMRC, VAS for dyspnea, CAT, SGRQ (total), and EQ-VAS scores than the control group. However, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. No adverse events were observed during this trial. CMT has the potential to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and delay the decline in lung function in patients with COPD. The results of this pilot study could lead to large-scale clinical trials in the future.
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Beaumont, Elaine, Adam Galpin, and Peter Jenkins. "‘Being kinder to myself’: A prospective comparative study, exploring post-trauma therapy outcome measures, for two groups of clients, receiving either Cognitive Behaviour Therapy or Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Compassionate Mind Training." Counselling Psychology Review 27, no. 1 (March 2012): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2011.27.1.31.
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Background/Aims/ObjectivesThis prospective, comparative outcome study was designed to contrast the relative impact of differing therapeutic interventions for trauma victims, carried out by the same therapist.Methods/MethodologyA non-random convenience sample (N=32) of participants, referred for therapy following a traumatic incident, were randomly assigned to receive up to 12 sessions of either Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), or CBT coupled with Compassionate Mind Training (CMT). A repeated measures design was used and data was analysed using analysis of variance. Data was gathered pre-therapy and post-therapy, using three self-report questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Impact of Events Scale; the Self-Compassion Scale).Results/FindingsResults supported two of the three original hypotheses. Participants in both conditions experienced a highly statistically significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety, depression, avoidant behaviour, intrusive thoughts and hyper-arousal symptoms post-therapy. Participants in the combined CBT and CMT condition developed statistically significant higher self-compassion scores post-therapy than the CBT-only group [F(1,30)=4.657, p..05]. There was no significant difference between treatment groups.Discussion/ConclusionsThe results suggest that CMT may be a useful addition to CBT for clients suffering with trauma-related symptoms. In conclusion, high levels of self-compassion are linked to a decrease in anxiety and depression and trauma-related symptoms.
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Beaumont, Elaine, Adam Galpin, and Peter Jenkins. "‘Being kinder to myself’:A prospective comparative study, exploring post-trauma therapy outcome measures, for two groups of clients, receivingeitherCognitive Behaviour TherapyorCognitive Behaviour Therapy and Compassionate Mind Training." Counselling Psychology Review 27, no. 1 (March 2012): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2012.27.1.31.
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Background/Aims/ObjectivesThis prospective, comparative outcome study was designed to contrast the relative impact of differing therapeutic interventions for trauma victims, carried out by the same therapist.Methods/MethodologyA non-random convenience sample (N=32) of participants, referred for therapy following a traumatic incident, were randomly assigned to receive up to 12 sessions of either Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), or CBT coupled with Compassionate Mind Training (CMT). A repeated measures design was used and data was analysed using analysis of variance. Data was gathered pre-therapy and post-therapy, using three self-report questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Impact of Events Scale; the Self-Compassion Scale).Results/FindingsResults supported two of the three original hypotheses. Participants in both conditions experienced a highly statistically significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety, depression, avoidant behaviour, intrusive thoughts and hyper-arousal symptoms post-therapy. Participants in the combined CBT and CMT condition developed statistically significant higher self-compassion scores post-therapy than the CBT-only group [F(1,30)=4.657, p≤.05]. There was no significant difference between treatment groups.Discussion/ConclusionsThe results suggest that CMT may be a useful addition to CBT for clients suffering with trauma-related symptoms. In conclusion, high levels of self-compassion are linked to a decrease in anxiety and depression and trauma-related symptoms.
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Fang, Xuewei, Lijuan Zhang, Guopeng Chen, Xiaofeng Dang, Ke Huang, Lei Wang, and Bingheng Lu. "Correlations between Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties in 5183 Aluminium Alloy Fabricated by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Different Arc Modes." Materials 11, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112075.
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The effect of arc modes on the microstructure and tensile properties of 5183 aluminium alloy fabricated by cold metal transfer (CMT) processes has been thoroughly investigated. Heat inputs of CMT processes with three arc modes, i.e., CMT, CMT advance (CMT+A), and CMT pulse (CMT+P), were quantified, and their influence on the formation of pores were investigated. The highest tensile strength was found from samples built by the CMT+A process. This agrees well with their smallest average pore sizes. Average tensile strengths of CMT+A arc mode-built samples were 296.9 MPa and 291.8 MPa along the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The difference of tensile strength along the horizontal and vertical directions of the CMT+P and CMT samples was mainly caused by the pores at the interfaces between each deposited layer. The successfully built large 5183 aluminium parts by the CMT+A arc mode further proves that this arc mode is a suitable mode for manufacturing of 5183 aluminium alloy.
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Kitani-Morii, Fukiko, and Yu-ichi Noto. "Recent Advances in Drosophila Models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 7419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197419.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited peripheral neuropathies. CMT patients typically show slowly progressive muscle weakness and sensory loss in a distal dominant pattern in childhood. The diagnosis of CMT is based on clinical symptoms, electrophysiological examinations, and genetic testing. Advances in genetic testing technology have revealed the genetic heterogeneity of CMT; more than 100 genes containing the disease causative mutations have been identified. Because a single genetic alteration in CMT leads to progressive neurodegeneration, studies of CMT patients and their respective models revealed the genotype-phenotype relationships of targeted genes. Conventionally, rodents and cell lines have often been used to study the pathogenesis of CMT. Recently, Drosophila has also attracted attention as a CMT model. In this review, we outline the clinical characteristics of CMT, describe the advantages and disadvantages of using Drosophila in CMT studies, and introduce recent advances in CMT research that successfully applied the use of Drosophila, in areas such as molecules associated with mitochondria, endosomes/lysosomes, transfer RNA, axonal transport, and glucose metabolism.
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Xin, Zhibin, Zhibin Yang, Han Zhao, and Yuxin Chen. "Comparative Study on Welding Characteristics of Laser-CMT and Plasma-CMT Hybrid Welded AA6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Butt Joints." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203300.
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Laser-CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) and plasma-CMT hybrid welding are two promising alternative joining technologies for traditional Metal-Inert-Gas (MIG) welding of the aluminum alloy joints in the high speed trains manufacturing industry. In this work, a comparative study on the weld formation, microstructure, micro-hardness, and mechanical properties of the butt joints in the two welding methods was conducted. The results indicate that the overall quality of the laser-CMT and plasma-CMT welds were good, especially of the laser-CMT hybrid weld, and the laser-CMT hybrid welding process needed a lower heat input. The width of the partially melted zone of the laser-CMT hybrid weld was narrower than that in the plasma-CMT hybrid weld. Micro-hardness test results show that two distinct softening regions were identified in the heat affected zone, and the micro-hardness values of each zone in the laser-CMT hybrid weld were lower than that in the plasma-CMT hybrid weld. The tensile strength of the laser-CMT hybrid welded joints was higher than that of the plasma-CMT hybrid welded joints, which could reach up to 79.4% and 73.7% of the base materials, respectively. All the fractures occurred in the softening region and exhibited a ductile shear fracture with a shear angle of approximately 45°. The fractographs manifested that the laser-CMT and plasma-CMT hybrid welded joints presented ductile fracture and ductile-brittle fracture features, respectively.
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Üstün Alkan, Fulya, Tülay Bakirel, Oya Üstüner, and Hasret Yardibi. "In vitro effects of doxorubicin and deracoxib on oxidative-stress-related parameters in canine mammary carcinoma cells." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2014.012.
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The present study evaluated the effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and deracoxib (DER), as single agents and in combination treatments, on antioxidant parameters in the canine mammary carcinoma cell line CMT-U27. The cells were exposed to DOX and DER for 24, 48 and 72 h. The viability and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and total glutathione (GSH) activities of CMT-U27 cells were determined. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of DOX was found to be ∼0.9 μM in the 72-h period. IC50 and 1/10 IC50 concentrations of DOX were combined with all concentrations of DER (50–1000 μM) in the combination experiments. The results showed increased oxidative status associated with significant decreases of CAT and GSH levels in CMT-U27 cells exposed to 10-μM and higher concentrations of DOX compared to control cells. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the groups tested with any of the concentrations of DER (50–1000 μM). In combination treatments, DER attenuated DOX-induced oxidative damage by modulating the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components in CMT-U27 cells. We suggest that the combination of DOX and DER can be beneficial in the treatment of cancer cells by increasing cellular responses to oxidative stress. In conclusion, the use of COX inhibitor in conjunction with a chemotherapeutic agent may provide a basis for new concepts of cancer treatment through systematic modulation of the antioxidant defence systems in mammary cancers of animals.
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Karim, Md Robiul, Rongjun Wang, Haiju Dong, Longxian Zhang, Jian Li, Sumei Zhang, Farzana Islam Rume, et al. "Genetic Polymorphism and Zoonotic Potential ofEnterocytozoon bieneusifrom Nonhuman Primates in China." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 6 (January 10, 2014): 1893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03845-13.
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ABSTRACTEnterocytozoon bieneusiis an important zoonotic pathogen. To assess the human-infective potential ofE. bieneusiin nonhuman primates (NHPs), we examined the prevalence and genotype distribution ofE. bieneusiin 23 NHP species by PCR and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A total of 1,386 fecal specimens from NHPs from five provinces in China were examined, andE. bieneusiwas detected in 158 (11.4%) specimens from five NHP species, including cynomolgus monkey (67.7%), rhesus macaque (8.8%), Japanese macaque (33.3%), white-headed langur (13.6%), and golden snub-nosed monkey (3.5%) (P< 0.0001). The infection rates were 70.2%, 21.5%, 8.5%, 7.5%, and 5.6% in Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi, Henan, and Sichuan Provinces, respectively (P< 0.0001). The prevalence was significantly higher in captive (13.7%) than in free-range (5.0%) animals (P< 0.0001). Altogether, 16 ITS genotypes were observed, including nine known genotypes (IV, D, Henan V, Peru8, PigEBITS7, EbpC, Peru11, BEB6, and I) and seven new genotypes (CM1 to CM7). The common genotypes included CM1, IV, and D, which were detected in 43, 31, and 30 specimens, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven known genotypes (but not BEB6 and I) and four new genotypes (CM1, CM2, CM3, and CM6) belonged to the previously described group 1 with zoonotic potential. Genotypes CM5 and CM7 clustered with group 2, whereas genotype CM4 did not belong to any of the previously proposed groups. It was concluded that humans and NHPs residing in the same geographical location shared the sameE. bieneusigenotypes, indicating a potential role of these animals in the zoonotic transmission ofE. bieneusi.
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Longatto, J., M. Main, and F. Muntoni. "CMT AND NEUROPATHY." Neuromuscular Disorders 29 (October 2019): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.119.
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B, Tesfaye. "Review on California Mastitis Test (CMT)." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 3 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000160.
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The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is a quick, simple test that accurately predicts the somatic cell count of milk from individual quarters or on composite milk samples [1]. The California Mastitis Test is a simple, inexpensive, rapid screening test for mastitis. The test is based upon the amount of cellular nuclear protein present in the milk sample. Since inflammatory cells associated with mastitis are the predominant cell type present in milk the CMT reflects the SCC level quite accurately and is a rel iable indicator of the severity of infection. The test is appropriate for cow - side evaluation of udder health and the procedure can be taught quickly to producers and the milking crew. With proper training test results are very repeatable among those condu cting the test. It is necessary that producers also be made aware of the limitations of the CMT and the proper application of management decisions based on CMT results.
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Song, Xiaoliang, Xiaoqing Wu, Guang Jun Zhang, and Raymond W. Arritt. "Understanding the Effects of Convective Momentum Transport on Climate Simulations: The Role of Convective Heating." Journal of Climate 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2008): 5034–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2187.1.
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Abstract A simplified general circulation model (GCM), consisting of a complete dynamical core, simple specified physics, and convective momentum transport (CMT) forcing, is used to understand the effects of CMT on climate simulations with a focus on the role of convective heating in the response of circulation to the CMT forcing. It is found that the convective heating dominates the meridional circulation response and dynamical processes dominate the zonal wind response to the CMT forcing in the tropics; the simplified model reproduces some of the key features of CMT-induced circulation changes observed in the full GCM in the tropics. These results suggest that the CMT-induced zonal and meridional circulation changes in the tropics in the full GCM are dominated by dynamical processes and the convective heating, respectively. Inclusion of the CMT in the model induces a marked change in convective heating, which negatively correlates with the change in vertical velocity, indicating the existence of CMT-induced convective heating–circulation feedback. The sensitivity experiment with the removal of mean convective heating feedback demonstrates that the convective heating affects the response of the meridional circulation to the CMT forcing through the CMT-induced convective heating–circulation feedback.
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Yau, Gordon S. K., Jacky W. Y. Lee, Tiffany T. Y. Woo, Raymond L. M. Wong, and Ian Y. H. Wong. "Central Macular Thickness in Children with Myopia, Emmetropia, and Hyperopia: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/847694.
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Purpose.To investigate the central macular thickness (CMT) in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic Chinese children using Optical Coherence Tomography.Methods.168 right eyes of Chinese subjects aged 4–18 were divided into 3 groups based on their postcycloplegic spherical equivalent: myopes (<−1.0 D); emmetropes (≥−1.0 to ≤+1.0 D); and hyperopes (>+1.0 D) and the CMT was compared before/after age adjustment. The CMT was correlated with age, axial length, and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL).Results.The mean CMT was274.9±50.3 μm and the mean population age was7.6±3.3years. The CMT was thickest in the myopes (283.3±57.3 μm,n=56), followed by the hyperopes (266.2±55.31 μm,n=60) and then emmetropes (259.8±28.7 μm,n=52) (allP<0.0001). When adjusted for age, myopes had a thicker CMT than the other 2 groups (allP<0.0001) but there was no CMT difference between the emmetropes and hyperopes (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between CMT with age, axial length, or peripapillary RNFL (allP≥0.2).Conclusion.Chinese children with myopia had a thicker CMT than those with emmetropia or hyperopia. There was no correlation of the CMT with age, axial length, or peripapillary RNFL thickness.
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Catapano, M., T. Ewart, and S. Baker. "Auto-antibodies against gangliosides in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.158.
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Background: In Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT), vital components of either the myelin sheath or axon are abnormal, slowing nerve conduction and causing functional disability. Recently, there has been speculation the CMT may have an autoimmune component resulting from abnormal protein expression. Methods: Custom autoimmune neuropathy-focused microarray panels were printed in-house using antigens from Sigma, Abnova, Fitzgerald and Matreya according to Cambridge Life Science instructions. Antigens including Myelin Protein Zero, Peripheral Myelin Protein 22, and 20 other well-known gangliosides were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies. Students T-Test and Bonferroni correction factor were used to determine statistical significance between groups and in post-hoc subgroup analysis. Results: Plasma was tested from 17 patients with CMT and 25 young healthy individuals. CMT population consisted of 9 CMT-1a, 1 CMT-1b, 4 CMT-2a, 2 CMT-2f and 2 undetermined CMT type 2 patients. No ganglioside reached statistical significance under a Bonferroni Correction factor (p>0.01) nor were any gangliosides notably raised compared to normal. Sub-group analysis did not reveal theorized peak auto-antibodies levels depending upon their CMT sub-type compared to normal. Conclusions: Although previously shown to have increased auto-antibodies to myelin or axonal proteins, CMT individuals did not demonstrate increased autoantibody levels for the proteins tested at our centre.
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Plemyashov, Kirill, Nikolai Bogachev, Valerii G. Skopichev, Nataliya A. Panova, Fliura Alistratova, Dushenina Olga, Svetlana Vasil’eva, Nina Pilaeva, and Polina A. Polistovskaia. "113 Somatic cells as an indicator of quality of the cow’s milk." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.210.
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Abstract When udder becomes inflamed during lactation, significant increase of somatic cells count in milk occurs. That is why an express-test based on surfactant’s effects was created. For this purpose 3 groups of samples were formed according to the somatic cell count in cm 3: group 1 - over 4.0*10^5 per cm3 (60 samples); group 2 - up to 4.0*10^5 in cm3 (100 samples); group 3 (control) - 3.0*10^5 in cm3 (30 samples). Experiments were conducted in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods. Total amount of examined samples is 190. Somatic cell count in the samples was counted by viscometric method with the use of “Somatos-B.” We use the milk of animals 10–15 days after calving. Milk was mixed 1:1 with reagent, then after 3–4 tube shaking a height of foam column was determined. In the presence of somatic cells the foam forming is depressed. There was a positive reaction with column’s height from 3 to 10 (foaming) and negative reaction is considered to be from 0 to 3 (no foaming). There was a California mastitis test (CMT) as a control which is highly usable as an express-test in Leningrad region of Russia. The comparison of the results of two test show: on group 1 according to CMT 40 samples were positive, and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 2 group according to CMT 10 samples were positive and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 3 group according to CMT 1 sample was positive and foaming test not determined any somatic cells count increasing. This express method is not requires a big amount of time – it takes 8–10 seconds to mix a reagent and milk and evaluate results. So this method allows us to increase the mastitis diagnostic accuracy.
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Aubin, F., M. Isler, R. Turcotte, T. Ducruet, and J. Beaudet. "Outcome of localized and advanced diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin bone lymphoma (DBL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 18527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18527.
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18527 Background: DBL represents less than 2% of all lymphomas in adults. Over the years, combined-modality treatment (CMT) using an anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen (ChT) and radiotherapy (RT) has emerged for the treatment of localized DBL (LDBL). Methods: Data were collected from the HMR oncology orthopaedic data bank. Thirty patients with localized and advanced DBL at diagnosis treated at HMR between December 1993 and August 2004 were included. Primary end-points were event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The median follow-up was 38.6 months. Fourteen patients had limited stage I-II disease while 16 patients had stage IV disease. Femur (33%) and spine (33%) were the most frequently involved bone sites. Ten patients had bulky disease (>10cm). Patients were treated as followed: 50% with CMT, 33% ChT alone and 17% only RT. CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) was the only chemotherapy regimen used. Four patients received rituximab (R-) combined with CHOP. Patients received an average of 5 cycles of ChT (range 1–8). RT dose was between 30 and 40 Gy for 70% of patients. Doses of 30 Gy and higher show a tendency to offer an OS advantage (hazard ratio (HR) =0.2, 95%CI 0.03- 1.35). The 5-year estimates EFS and OS were respectively 48% (95%CI 27%-71%) and 60% (95%CI 38%-82%) for the whole group and 70% (95%CI 50%-99%) and 81% (95%CI 57%-99%) for patients with LDBL. All four patients treated with R-CHOP have a sustained complete remission (CR). Patients receiving CMT have significantly improved EFS (p=0.02, HR=0.25, 95%CI0.08–0.83) but not OS. Patients with advanced disease may benefit from CMT for EFS (HR=0.23, 95%CI 0.05–1.12). Factors which adversely affect EFS and/or OS (univariate analyses) are: stage IV disease (p<0.05 EFS/OS), axial localisation (p<0.05 EFS) and IPI 4 (p=0.072 EFS, p<0.05 OS). Conclusion: This study supports CMT as an efficient treatment for DBL. Patients treated with R-CHOP have a favourable outcome. RT dose of 30–40 Gy appears sufficient to obtain a prolonged CR. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Eren, Ezgi Can, Ram Dixit, and Natarajan Gautam. "A Three-Dimensional Computer Simulation Model Reveals the Mechanisms for Self-Organization of Plant Cortical Microtubules into Oblique Arrays." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 15 (August 2010): 2674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0136.
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The noncentrosomal cortical microtubules (CMTs) of plant cells self-organize into a parallel three-dimensional (3D) array that is oriented transverse to the cell elongation axis in wild-type plants and is oblique in some of the mutants that show twisted growth. To study the mechanisms of CMT array organization, we developed a 3D computer simulation model based on experimentally observed properties of CMTs. Our computer model accurately mimics transverse array organization and other fundamental properties of CMTs observed in rapidly elongating wild-type cells as well as the defective CMT phenotypes observed in the Arabidopsis mor1-1 and fra2 mutants. We found that CMT interactions, boundary conditions, and the bundling cutoff angle impact the rate and extent of CMT organization, whereas branch-form CMT nucleation did not significantly impact the rate of CMT organization but was necessary to generate polarity during CMT organization. We also found that the dynamic instability parameters from twisted growth mutants were not sufficient to generate oblique CMT arrays. Instead, we found that parameters regulating branch-form CMT nucleation and boundary conditions at the end walls are important for forming oblique CMT arrays. Together, our computer model provides new mechanistic insights into how plant CMTs self-organize into specific 3D arrangements.
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Kim, Hye Jin, Hye Mi Kwon, Sang Beom Kim, Ki Wha Chung, and Byung-Ok Choi. "MPZ-, GDAP1-, and NEFL-Related Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with Diverse Clinical and Electrophysiological Phenotypes." Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases 24, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18214/jend.2022.00143.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous peripheral neuropathies. CMT can be classified into demyelinating, intermediate, or axonal neuropathy based on clinical, histopathological, and electrophysiological findings. Approximately 140 genes have been reported to be associated with CMT. Mutations in the myelin protein zero (MPZ), ganglioside-induced differentiation related protein 1 (GDAP1), and neurofilament light-chain polypeptide gene (NEFL) genes have been reported to cause all three types of CMT, which is noteworthy because most CMT-related genes cause a single type of neuropathy (either demyelinating or axonal). In contrast, it remains unclear why these genes cause several types of CMT. CMT is presently incurable; however, ongoing attempts to treat CMT with various drugs and dietary supplements have increased the importance of an exact genetic diagnosis for precision medicine. Therefore, it is important to identify the causative mutations and compare the associated clinical characteristics. Taken together, a comparison of causative mutations and clinical features of patients with MPZ, GDAP1, and NEFL mutations will be the first step in understanding how different types of CMT are caused, and will enable a molecular genetic diagnosis. In this review, we describe the clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic characteristics of MPZ-, GDAP1-, and NEFL-related CMT.
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McCann, Ulysse G., Louis A. Gatto, Bruce Searles, David E. Carney, Charles J. Lutz, Anthony L. Picone, Henry J. Schiller, and Gary F. Nieman. "Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor: Differential Effects on Pulmonary Neutrophil and Monocyte Sequestration Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 31, no. 2 (June 1999): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/199931267.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), also known as “post-pump” or “post-perfusion syndrome” (PPS), results from sequential priming and activation of neutrophils. We hypothesized that chemically modified tetracycline (CMT-3) an inhibitor of neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and elastase, would prevent PPS. We performed histometric analysis of lung tissue from our porcine PPS model to correlate cellular sequestration and histologic injury with CMT-3 treatment. Methods: Yorkshire pigs were randomized into five groups: Control (n=3); CPB (n=5); femoral-femoral bypass 1 hour; LPS (n=7), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (1μg/kg); CPB+LPS (n=6); and CPB+LPS+CMT (n=5), sequential insults and CMT-3. Protocol histometric analysis defined cellular and tissue components of lung injury. Results: CMT-3 decreased neutrophil sequestration in the CPB+LPS+CMT-3 group (p<0.0001 vs. CPB+LPS). There were no differences in monocytes between CPB+LPS and CPB+LPS+CMT treatment groups. Conclusions: CMT-3 attenuates neutrophil sequestration but has no effect on mononuclear sequestration in our PPS model. This finding supports current research on leukocyte chemokines and has important implications regarding mechanisms of CMT-3. Despite lack of monocyte response to CMT-3, PPS was prevented by inhibiting neutrophils alone; confirming the primary role of neutrophils in PPS.
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Lee, Jin-Hyun, Hyeonjun Woo, Jun-Su Jang, Joong Il Kim, Young Cheol Na, Kwang-Ryeol Kim, Eunbyul Cho, Jung-Han Lee, and Tae-Yong Park. "Comparison of Concordance between Chuna Manual Therapy Diagnostic Methods (Palpation, X-ray, Artificial Intelligence Program) in Lumbar Spine: An Exploratory, Cross-Sectional Clinical Study." Diagnostics 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112732.
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Before Chuna manual therapy (CMT), a manual therapy applied in Korean medicine, CMT spinal diagnosis using palpation or X-ray is performed. However, studies on the inter-rater concordance of CMT diagnostic methods, concordance among diagnostic methods, and standard CMT diagnostic methods are scarce. Moreover, no clinical studies have used artificial intelligence (AI) programs for X-ray image-based CMT diagnosis. Therefore, this study sought a feasible and standard CMT spinal diagnostic method and explored the clinical applicability of the CMT-AI program. One hundred participants were recruited, and the concordance within and among different diagnostic modalities was analyzed by dividing them into manual diagnosis (MD), X-ray image-based diagnosis (XRD) by experts and non-experts, and XRD using a CMT-AI program by non-experts. Regarding intra-group concordance, XRD by experts showed the highest concordance (used as a gold standard when comparing inter-group concordance), followed by XRD using the AI program, XRD by non-experts, and then MD. Comparing diagnostic results between the groups, concordance with the gold standard was the highest for XRD using the AI program, followed by XRD by non-experts, and MD. Therefore, XRD is a more reasonable CMT diagnostic method than MD. Furthermore, the clinical applicability of the CMT-AI program is high.
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Zhong, Min, Qing Luo, Ting Ye, XiDan Zhu, Xiu Chen, and JinBo Liu. "Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease by Network and Pathway Analysis." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 24, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1353516.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is the most common clinical genetic disease of the peripheral nervous system. Although many studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenesis of CMT, few focuses on achieving a systematic analysis of biology to decode the underlying pathological molecular mechanisms and the mechanism of its disease remains to be elucidated. So our study may provide further useful insights into the molecular mechanisms of CMT based on a systematic bioinformatics analysis. In the current study, by reviewing the literatures deposited in PUBMED, we identified 100 genes genetically related to CMT. Then, the functional features of the CMT-related genes were examined by R software and KOBAS, and the selected biological process crosstalk was visualized with the software Cytoscape. Moreover, CMT specific molecular network analysis was conducted by the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) Algorithm. The biological function enrichment analysis suggested that myelin sheath, axon, peripheral nervous system, mitochondrial function, various metabolic processes, and autophagy played important roles in CMT development. Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption were significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway network, suggesting that these pathways may play key roles in CMT occurrence and development. According to the crosstalk, the biological processes could be roughly divided into a correlative module and two separate modules. MCODE clusters showed that in top 3 clusters, 13 of CMT-related genes were included in the network and 30 candidate genes were discovered which might be potentially related to CMT. The study may help to update the new understanding of the pathogenesis of CMT and expand the potential genes of CMT for further exploration.
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Yan, Luzhe, Jinhui Liu, Jinbo Chen, Zhenyu Ou, Minfeng Chen, Xiongbing Zu, and Jiao Hu. "Neoadjuvant immunotherapy-driven bladder preservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A multicenter, propensity score-matched cohort study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 23_suppl (August 10, 2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.23_suppl.115.
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115 Background: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy-driven bladder preservation (Neoimmu-CMT), despite its prominence, is constrained in application due to the absence of robust clinical evidence. Currently, there is a lack of comparative studies on the efficacy of Neoimmu-CMT versus the traditional trimodal therapy (TMT) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy- driven bladder preservation (NAC-CMT). To address this gap, our study (ChiCTR2300069303) aims to assess Neoimmu-CMT's viability and identify suitable candidates through a multicenter, propensity score-matched analysis. Methods: The study included 163 patients from 14 hospitals, categorized into Neoimmu-CMT (n=97), TMT (n=30), and NAC-CMT (n=36) subgroups. PSM was utilized to mitigate baseline variability. Primary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS), bladder-intact DFS (BI-DFS), and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify potential prognostic factors. Biomarker assessment comprised immunohistochemistry and single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: Post-PSM, Neoimmu-CMT significantly outperformed NAC-CMT in DFS (HR: 2.112, 95% CI: 1.247-3.576, P=0.005) and BI-DFS (HR: 2.329, 95% CI: 1.138-4.770, P=0.021), with a 2-year BI-DFS rate of 90.28% compared to NAC-CMT's 71.59%. However, Neoimmu-CMT and TMT showed no significant difference in DFS and BI-DFS, with Neoimmu-CMT marginally surpassing TMT in 2-year BI-DFS rates (86.42% vs. 80.89%). Clinical complete response to neoadjuvant treatment and lower clinical T stage were positive prognostic factors for Neoimmu-CMT. Biomarker analysis showed the tumor microenvironment immune phenotype closely relates to bladder preservation outcomes. Conclusions: Neoimmu-CMT is a promising bladder preservation strategy, comparable to TMT and superior to NAC-CMT. Its advancement could significantly broaden bladder preservation treatment options. [Table: see text]
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Schabort, Johannes J., A.-Reum Nam, Kang-Hoon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, and Je-Yoel Cho. "ANK2 Hypermethylation in Canine Mammary Tumors and Human Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228697.
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Canine mammary tumors (CMT) constitute the most common tumor types found in female dogs. Understanding this cancer through extensive research is important not only for clinical veterinary applications, but also in the scope of comparative oncology. The use of DNA methylation as a biomarker has been noted for numerous cancers in the form of both tissue and liquid biopsies, yet the study of methylation in CMT has been limited. By analyzing our canine methyl-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq) data, we identified intron regions of canine ANK2 and EPAS1 as differentially methylated regions (DMGs) in CMT. Subsequently, we established quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) of ANK2 and EPAS1 to validate the target hypermethylation in CMT tissue, as well as cell free DNA (cfDNA) from CMT plasma. Both ANK2 and EPAS1 were hypermethylated in CMT and highlighted as potential tissue biomarkers in CMT. ANK2 additionally showed significant hypermethylation in the plasma cfDNA of CMT, indicating that it could be a potential liquid biopsy biomarker as well. A similar trend towards hypermethylation was indicated in HBC at a specific CpG of the ANK2 target on the orthologous human region, which validates the comparative approach using aberrant methylation in CMT.
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Jo, Sung Hyun, Han Jo Kwon, Sung Who Park, and Ik Soo Byon. "Clinical Outcomes of Double-dose Aflibercept Treatment for Refractory Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 65, no. 8 (August 15, 2024): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.8.500.
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Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of double-dose aflibercept in patients with refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods: We reviewed the medical records of nAMD patients treated with a double dose of aflibercept (4 mg/0.1 mL) due to an inadequate response to standard 8-weekly intravitreal injections of 2 mg/0.05 mL aflibercept. The assessment at week 8 after treatment included changes in subretinal/intraretinal fluid (SRF/IRF) and best-corrected visual acuity, with patients showing absence or reduction in SRF/IRF classified as the response group. Baseline factors influencing clinical outcomes were analyzed, including central macular thickness (CMT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), size of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), CNV subtype, and maximum height of SRF and IRF.Results: The study included 95 eyes of 95 subjects, with 61 eyes (64.2%) categorized as the response group following double-dose treatment. Responders exhibited thicker CCT (290.4 μm vs. 194.0 μm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), thinner CMT (251.2 μm vs 311.1 μm, <i>p</i> = 0.018), smaller CNV area (2.718 mm<sup>2</sup> vs. 3.964 mm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.034), and a higher prevalence of type 1 CNV (85.2% vs. 58.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.011) compared to the non-response group. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified thicker CCT (<i>p</i> < 0.001, r = 1.016), thinner CMT (<i>p</i> = 0.014, r = 0.988), smaller CNV area (<i>p</i> = 0.015, r = 0.662), and type 1 CNV (<i>p</i> = 0.001, r = 0.061) as factors associated with better anatomical outcomes.Conclusions: Double-dose aflibercept was effective in 64% of patients with refractory nAMD, suggesting it may be considered for those with small CNV areas, thinner CMT, and thicker CCT.
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Pisciotta, Chiara, Daniela Calabrese, Lucio Santoro, Irene Tramacere, Fiore Manganelli, Gian Maria Fabrizi, Angelo Schenone, et al. "Pregnancy in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease." Neurology 95, no. 24 (September 14, 2020): e3180-e3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010860.
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ObjectiveTo collect information on frequency of pregnancy and delivery complications in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and on CMT course during pregnancy.MethodsThrough an ad hoc online questionnaire, we investigated pregnancy and neuropathy course in women with CMT adhering to the Italian CMT Registry. Data were compared to those of controls (recruited among friends and unaffected relatives) and the Italian (or other reference) population.ResultsWe collected data on 193 pregnancies from 86 women with CMT (age 20–73 years) with 157 deliveries (81.4%) after a mean of 38.6 gestational weeks. In women with CMT, there were no differences compared to controls (59 pregnancies and 46 deliveries from 24 controls) and the reference population for miscarriages (11.4%) and planned (21.0%) and emergency (14.0%) cesarean sections. We found a significantly higher frequency of placenta previa (1.6% vs 0.4%), abnormal fetal presentations (8.4% vs 4.5%), and preterm deliveries (20.3% vs 6.9%; most in week 34–36 of gestation) compared to reference populations. Excluding twins, newborn weight did not differ from the reference population. Postpartum bleeding rate in patients with CMT (2.1%) was similar to that of the general population (2.4%). CMT status worsened during 18 of 193 pregnancies (9.3%) with no recovery in 16 of them and with similar figures in the CMT1A and non-CMT1A subtypes.ConclusionsWe observed higher rates of placenta previa, abnormal presentations, and preterm deliveries in CMT, but pregnancy outcome and newborn weight and health were similar to those of the reference populations. Worsening of CMT is not infrequent and occurs not only in CMT1A. Pregnant women with CMT should be monitored with particular care.
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Chou, Pei-Chun, Chen Hsiu Chen, Tsang-Wu Liu, and Siew Tzuh Tang. "Prevalence and estimated trend in chemotherapy use near death from population-based studies on cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 6590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6590.
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6590 Background: Chemotherapy (CMT) use near death, based on US national guidelines, is an indicator of aggressive treatment and poor quality of end-of-life (EOL) care. US law also decreased Medicare payments for outpatient CMT since 2005-2006. To evaluate the impact of US payment reform and guidelines on CMT use at EOL, we estimated and compared the overall prevalence of CMT use at EOL in the US and other countries as well as before and after 2007 in the US. Methods: Six databases were systematically searched to January 2017 for population-based studies of CMT use at EOL for patients in all cancer groups. Two reviewers independently extracted data.Overall CMT use prevalence was pooled by a random-effects model. Differences in prevalence of CMT use were compared by meta-regression between subgroups (US vs non-US countries; before and after 2007 in the US). Results: We identified 9 and 7 articles from the US and non-US countries, respectively. CMT was provided to 28.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.2%-31.8%], 23.2% [95% CI 21.7%- 24.8%], 10.0% [95% CI 8.5%-11.8%], and 4.5% [95% CI 3.9%- 5.2%] of cancer patients in their last 6, 3, and 1 months as well as 14 days of life, respectively. CMT use in the last 6 months was more common in the US than in non-US countries (32.4% vs. 26.2%, p = 0.015) but similar to that of other countries in the last month (9.3% vs.11.2%, p = 0.179) and last 14 days (4.6% vs.5.6%, p = 0.683) of life. Prevalence of CMT use in the last 14 days of life in the US did not differ significantly before and after 2007 (5.1% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.967). Conclusions: Many cancer patients worldwide receive CMT at EOL, and the prevalence of CMT use in US patients’ last 14 days of life was virtually unchanged over time. Effective interventions should be developed and provided to offset the trend of continuing CMT use at EOL.
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Gounden, Rivoni, Suveshnee Munien, Dinolen Gounden, and Ntwandamela Perry. "Visitor Profiles of Coastal and Marine Tourism Sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 9(6) (December 15, 2020): 1060–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-68.
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Current research on Coastal and Marine Tourism (CTM) in South Africa focuses on two main coastal tourism provinces (KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape) as well as specific CMT activities such as whale watching and shark cage diving. This study, therefore, contributes to the body of knowledge on CMT by focusing on the Eastern Cape and undertaking a provincial level analysis. Coastal and Marine Tourism location visitor profiles in terms of socio-economic profile, types of CMT visitors, types of CMT activities participated and future interest in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. CMT encompasses activities and resources in and near coastal and marine areas that attract visitors who participate in a range of active and passive business, adventure, leisure and recreational activities that generate socio-economic and environmental benefits. A quantitative approach is adopted, drawing on 700 visitor surveys that were conducted at purposively selected CMT locations in the Eastern Cape. Visitors were from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. There were high levels of participation in CMT activities, especially coastal leisure and recreational activities. Results indicate increased CMT location visitation demand. From a sustainability and responsible tourism perspective, understanding who visits CMT sites assists in ensuring effective planning to manage demand and protect/ conserve coastal and marine resources.
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Mazepa, Melissa Mello, Marina Alessandra Pereira, Arthur Youssif Mota Arabi, André Roncon Dias, Ulysses Ribeiro, Bruno Zilberstein, Luiz Augusto Carneiro D’Albuquerque, and Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille Ramos. "Gastroduodenal Perforation in Cancer Patients: Association with Chemotherapy and Prognosis." Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 28, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci11020026.
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Background: Gastroduodenal perforation stands out as one of the complications in cancer patients. Despite its high mortality, its characteristics are still poorly described. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients who had gastroduodenal perforation, and the influence of chemotherapy (CMT) in these cases. Method: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent emergency surgery with an intraoperative finding of gastroduodenal perforation. Patients who performed CMT within 60 days before perforation were considered as the CMT group. Results: Among 45 patients included, 16 (35.5%) were classified as the CMT group and the remaining 29 (64.5%) patients as the non-CMT group. There was no difference between the groups regarding sex, age, BMI, comorbidity, and laboratory exams. ECOG 2-3 was significantly more frequent in the CMT group (68.8% vs. 34.5% p = 0.027). Major postoperative complications were similar between both groups (75% vs. 58.6%, p = 0.272). The sepsis of abdominal focus was the main postoperative complication. The 30-day mortality was 55.6%, with no difference between non-CMT and CMT groups (62.5% vs. 51.7%, respectively; p = 0.486). A multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that only an age of ≥65 years was related to 30-day mortality. Conclusions: Patients with gastroduodenal perforation and oncologic treatment present high mortality, regardless of receiving recent CMT.
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Abelin, Neusa M. A., Susimeire Gomes, Maria Tereza Ivanoff, Marilza C. L. Ezabella, Cesar Y. Hayashida, and Sergio P. A. Toledo. "Abordagem clínica e laboratorial do bócio uninodular sólido: vantagens da determinação da calcitonina sérica por métodos distintos no rastreamento do carcinoma medular de tireóide, forma esporádica." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 43, no. 2 (March 1999): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27301999000200006.
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A apresentação clínica mais freqüente da forma esporádica do carcinoma medular da tireóide (CMT) é o bócio uninodular sólido (BUS), apresentação esta semelhante aos demais tumores que afetam a glândula. O estabelecimento da freqüência de CMT em BUS apresenta implicações importantes não só diagnosticas, como também terapêuticas, visto a abordagem cirúrgica do CMT diferir de outros tumores tireoideanos. Para investigar a prevalência de CMT em BUS, dosamos calcitonina (CT) sérica, marcador bioquímico do CMT, por métodos distntos (RIA e IRMA) em 60 casos (55 mulheres; com idades entre 22 e 75 anos). A análise citológica obtida através de punção biópsia (PAAF) revelou 100% de especificidade e 67% de sensibilidade na detecção de carcinoma de tireóide. Considerando-se o grau de suspeita clínica para neoplasia tireoideana e os achados anatomopatológicos, houve 60% de correlação positiva. CMT foi diagnosticado através da elevação da CT sérica em um dos 59 casos (1,69%) e confirmado posteriormente pela PAAF e anatomopatológico. A incidência de CMT entre os casos de neoplasias tireoideanas nesta amostra foi de 12,5% (1/8). Concluímos que a dosagem rotineira da CT sérica em casos com BUS não só complementa o estudo desta doença, como auxilia fortemente no diagnóstico do CMT. Tanto o IRMA como o RIA mostraram-se métodos úteis no rastreamento do CMT. Entretanto, o RIA pode provavelmente detectar ainda mais precocemente a elevação de formas não monoméricas da molécula de CT, as quais nos casos de CMT são usualmente mais abundantes que as formas monoméricas.
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Kennedy, Rachel A., Kate Carroll, Graham Hepworth, Kade L. Paterson, Monique M. Ryan, and Jennifer L. McGinley. "Falls in paediatric Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a 6-month prospective cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-314890.
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ObjectiveTo prospectively study falls in children and adolescents with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNeuromuscular outpatient clinic of a tertiary paediatric hospital.PatientsSixty children and adolescents (‘children’) aged 4–18 years, 30 with CMT and 30 typically developing (TD).Main outcome measuresFalls rate over 6 months and falls characteristics questionnaire.ResultsTwenty-two children with CMT reported falling at least once in 6 months compared with eight TD children (CMT 2819 (0–1915), TD 31 (0–6) total falls (range)). Detailed falls characteristics were collected from 242 individual falls (CMT 216, TD 26). Injurious falls were reported by 19 children with CMT (74 falls) compared with 2 TD children (3 falls), with cuts, grazes and bruising most common. No fractures were sustained and no child required hospitalisation. However, 12 injuries from falls in children with CMT required management by a healthcare provider, versus none in TD children. Tripping was the most common mechanism of falls in both groups. Age was the strongest predictor of falls (ρ=−0.53, p=0.006) with all children (CMT and TD) aged <7 years falling. Balance was the strongest impairment-related predictor of falls (ρ=−0.47, p=0.02). The conservative estimate of risk of falls in children and adolescents with CMT was 33 times higher than their TD peers (incidence rate ratio=32.8, 95% CI 10.2 to 106.0).ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with CMT fall more often than TD peers and sustain more injuries when they fall.
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Miyakawa, Tomoki, Yukari N. Takayabu, Tomoe Nasuno, Hiroaki Miura, Masaki Satoh, and Mitchell W. Moncrieff. "Convective Momentum Transport by Rainbands within a Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Global Nonhydrostatic Model with Explicit Deep Convective Processes. Part I: Methodology and General Results." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 4 (March 30, 2012): 1317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-024.1.
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Abstract The convective momentum transport (CMT) properties of 13 215 rainbands within a Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) event simulated by a global nonhydrostatic model are examined. CMT vectors, which represent horizontal accelerations to the mean winds due to momentum flux convergences of deviation winds, are derived for each rainband. The CMT vectors are composited according to their locations relative to the MJO center. While a similar number of rainbands are detected in the eastern and western halves of the MJO convective envelope, CMT vectors with large zonal components are most plentiful between 0° and 20° to the west of the MJO center. The zonal components of the CMT vectors exhibit a coherent directionality and have a well-organized three-layer structure: positive near the surface, negative in the low to midtroposphere, and positive in the upper troposphere. In the low to midtroposphere, where the longitudinal difference in the mean zonal wind across the MJO is 10 m s−1 on average, the net acceleration due to CMT contributes about −16 m s−1. Possible roles of the CMT are proposed. First, the CMT delays the eastward progress of the low- to midtroposphere westerly wind, hence delaying the eastward migration of the convectively favorable region and reducing the propagation speed of the entire MJO. Second, the CMT tilts the MJO flow structure westward with height. Furthermore, the CMT counteracts the momentum transport due to large-scale flows that result from the tilted structure.
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Eichinger, Katy, Joshua Burns, Kayla Cornett, Chelsea Bacon, Mary Lohse Shepherd, Joan Mountain, Janet Sowden, Rosemary Shy, Michael E. Shy, and David N. Herrmann. "The Charcot-Marie-Tooth Functional Outcome Measure (CMT-FOM)." Neurology 91, no. 15 (September 19, 2018): e1381-e1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006323.
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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, reliability, and convergent validity of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Functional Outcome Measure (CMT-FOM), a new performance-based measure assessing functional ability in adults with CMT disease.MethodsAdults with CMT type 1A (CMT1A) were recruited at the Universities of Rochester and Iowa. Participants were assessed using the CMT-FOM, CMT Exam Score (CMTES), and a symptom report. Test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients, internal consistency using Cronbach α, and convergent and known-groups validity using Spearman rank analysis and the Mann-Whitney test.ResultsForty-three individuals (70% women; mean age 41, SD 14.9 years) participated. The CMT-FOM (mean 25.3 ± 8.7, range 12–44/52) was moderately correlated with the CMTES (ρ = 0.62; p < 0.0001) and exhibited acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92) and internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.81). The CMT-FOM discriminated between participants with clinically mild vs moderate-severe CMT1A. Participants with the mildest CMT1A who demonstrated a floor effect on the CMTES showed functional limitations on the CMT-FOM.ConclusionsThe CMT-FOM is well tolerated and showed no floor/ceiling effects in an adult CMT1A cohort matching those likely to enter upcoming clinical trials. It appears to be reliable, and our data support convergent and known-groups validity in adults with CMT1A. Longitudinal studies further examining the psychometric properties of the CMT-FOM and its responsiveness to change before its application in therapeutic trials are necessary.
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Altman, Ariella M., McKenzie J. White, Schelomo Marmor, Dip Shukla, Katherine Chang, Emil Lou, Christopher J. LaRocca, et al. "The Addition of Chemoradiation to Adjuvant Chemotherapy is Associated With Improved Survival Following Upfront Surgical Resection for Pancreatic Cancer With Nodal Metastases." Cancer Control 29 (January 2022): 107327482211099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221109991.
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Background It is unclear whether the addition of chemoradiation (CRT) to adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) following upfront resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) provides any benefit. While some studies have suggested a benefit to combined modality therapy (CMT) (adjuvant CT plus CRT), it is not clear if this benefit was related to increased CT usage in patients who received CMT. We sought to clarify the use of CMT in patients who underwent upfront resection of PDAC. Methods Patients with non-metastatic PDAC were retrospectively identified from the linked SEER-Medicare database. Those who underwent upfront resection were identified and divided into two cohorts – patients who received adjuvant CT and patients who received adjuvant CMT. Cohorts were compared. Univariate analysis described patient characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to estimate overall survival (OS). Results 3555 patients were identified; 856 (24%) received CT and 573 (16%) received CMT. The median number of CT doses was 11 for both groups. Patients who received CMT were younger, diagnosed in the earlier time frame, and had fewer comorbidities. The median OS was 21 months and 18 months for those treated with CMT and CT ( P < .0001), respectively, but when stratified by nodal status, the association with improved OS in the CMT cohort was only observed in node-positive patients. On multivariable analysis, receipt of CMT and removal of >15 lymph nodes decreased the risk of death ( P < .05). Discussion Receipt of CMT following upfront resection for PDAC was associated with improved survival, which was confined to node-positive patients. The role of adjuvant CMT in PDAC with nodal metastases warrants further study.
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RAMAMURTHY, N., M. LEUNG, S. MOAK, R. GREENWALD, and L. GOLUB. "CMT/NSAID Combination Increases Bone CMT Uptake and Inhibits Bone Resorptiona." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 696, no. 1 (December 17, 2006): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb17184.x.
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Jin, Jing Ji, Lin Cui, Xin Cui, Woo Jin Lee, and Seok J. Koh. "A Simulation-Based Performance Study on Concurrent Multi-Path Transmission over Wireless Broad-Band Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2228.
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The previous studies showed that the concurrent multi-path transmission (CMT) schemes can only play their advantage in the narrow-band networks (the most CMT experiments use 2M bandwidth). In this paper, the authors investigate the performance profits of CMT schemes with various network bandwidths. The simulation results show that the CMT schemes can work better in broad-band networks (e.g., over 20M bandwidth) than in narrow-band networks. This also implies that the CMT schemes have the potential to be applied in the field of multimedia transmission.
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Hueston, William D., Nolan R. Hartwig, and John K. Judy. "Detection of ovine intramammary infection with the California mastitis test." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 188, no. 5 (March 1, 1986): 522–24. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1986.188.05.522.
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SUMMARY The overall sensitivity of the California mastitis test (cmt) for detecting intramammary infection (the likelihood of a positive cmt score in the presence of intramammary infection) was 69.3%. The specificity of the cmt (likelihood of a negative test in the absence of intramammary infection) was 76.5%. When only infections by major ovine mastitis pathogens were considered, the sensitivity increased to 100% and the specificity decreased to 71.1%. Bacterial cultural examination and cmt scores were recorded for 526 samples of milk obtained from 106 brood ewes. Positive cmt scores were recorded for all samples from udder halves infected with major ovine mastitis pathogens (coagulase-positive staphylococci, Escherichia coli, and Pasteurella haemolytica). The cmt scores for samples from udder halves infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci were variable.
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Rocha, Andreia Possatti da, Patrícia K. Ribeiro Magalhães, Ana Luiza Maia, and Lea Maria Zanini Maciel. "Polimorfismos genéticos: implicações na patogênese do carcinoma medular de tireóide." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 51, no. 5 (July 2007): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302007000500009.
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O carcinoma medular de tireóide (CMT) é uma neoplasia maligna rara, ocorrendo na forma esporádica ou hereditária. Mutações germinativas no proto-oncogene RET são responsáveis pelo CMT hereditário. No entanto, a maioria dos casos de CMT ocorre em indivíduos sem história familiar, na qual a patogênese da doença ainda é pouco compreendida. Os polimorfismos do gene RET são descritos na população geral assim como em pacientes com CMT. Embora estas variações alélicas aparentemente não confiram qualquer atividade transformadora no receptor RET, estudos sugerem que essas alterações genéticas podem modificar a suscetibilidade à doença e o fenótipo clínico em pacientes com CMT esporádico ou hereditário. Uma maior freqüência dos polimorfismos localizados nos exons 11 (G691S), 13 (L769L), 14 (S836S) e 15 (S904) é descrita em pacientes com CMT provenientes de países americanos e europeus. Na presente revisão, analisamos criticamente os resultados obtidos nos diferentes estudos e descrevemos a freqüência dos polimorfismos do RET em pacientes brasileiros com CMT esporádico.
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Harrabi, Fathia, Methnani Jabeur, Ammar Houssem, Mizouni Abdelkader, Ben Latifa Mehdi, Saiid Mohamed Amine, Ben Mabrouk Mohamed, and Ben Ali Ali. "Co-Existence of An Unusual Branching Pattern of Celiacomesenteric Trunk With Complete Common Mesentery in a 48-Year-Old Man: A Case Report." American Journal of Men's Health 16, no. 6 (November 2022): 155798832211393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883221139369.
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Celiacomesenteric trunk (CMT) refers to the common origin of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery which is a very rare anatomical variation. CMT is incidentally diagnosed during angiography or abdominal computed tomography scanning. The diagnosis of CMT may inform surgical practice and prevent damage during invasive radiologic procedures, lowering thus the rate of iatrogenic errors. Complete common mesentery is in its turn a rarer congenital anomaly that arises from an abnormal rotation of primitive small intestine during embryonic development. We report a case of a 48-year-old man, suffering from chronic abdominal pain, and postprandial discomfort. The patient underwent an abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography that detected a CMT associated with common complete mesentery. According to our review of bibliography, this is the first case report to simultaneously report both congenital anomalies (CMT and common complete mesentery). Furthermore, the CMT described here has not been described in previous classifications and represent a novel anatomical variation of CMT.
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Sargent, Barbara, Colleen Coulter, Jill Cannoy, and Sandra L. Kaplan. "Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2024 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy." Pediatric Physical Therapy 36, no. 4 (October 2024): 370–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000001114.
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Background: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a postural condition evident shortly after birth. The 2013 CMT Clinical Practice Guideline (2013 CMT CPG) set standards for the identification, referral, and physical therapy management of infants with CMT, and its implementation resulted in improved clinical outcomes. It was updated in 2018 to reflect current evidence and 7 resources were developed to support implementation. Purpose: This 2024 CMT CPG is intended as a reference document to guide physical therapists, families, health care professionals, educators, and researchers to improve clinical outcomes and health services for children with CMT, as well as to inform the need for continued research. Results/Conclusions: The 2024 CMT CPG addresses: education for prevention, screening, examination and evaluation including recommended outcome measures, consultation with and referral to other health care providers, classification and prognosis, first-choice and evidence-informed supplemental interventions, discontinuation from direct intervention, reassessment and discharge, implementation and compliance recommendations, and research recommendations.
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Mustikawati, Dewi Rumbia, and Andarias Makka Murni. "KETAHANAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS) INTRODUKSI TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 4, no. 1 (August 14, 2014): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1413-17.
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The resistance of some_introduced hybrid genotypes maize (Zea mays) towards insect pests. Plant resistance to insect pest play an important role in integrated pest management. Fourty hybrid genotypes released by CIMMYT Mexico and two National hybrid varieties (Pioner 13 and Andalas) as local control had been tested threir resistance to insect pests. The trial was conducted at Natar Station Experimental, South Lampung from April to July 2002. The objective of the experiment was to obtaine the hybrid genotypes in which have a good tolerint or resistance toward insect pests. Alpha latice design with three replicates were used in this experiment. The varieties were grown in two-row plots of 5 m length at row-to-row spacing of 75 cm and hill-to-hill spacing within rows of 25 cm. 300 kg Urea, 150 kg SP-36 and 100 kg KCI ha_1 was applied to the trial. Insect pests damage were observe d at 16 and 80 days after planting. The results showed that there were 12 genotypes have moderate resistance toward insect pests: CMS 991006, CTM 011004, CMT 011018, CMT 011028, CMT 011030, CMT 011036, CMT 011038, CMT 011044, CMT 011050, CMS 951220 (RE), CMT 011056, CMT 011060 and one genotype was susceptible that was CMS 991018, however the others showed varies resistance traits against insect pest.
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Sher, A., S. Hieny, and K. Joiner. "Evasion of the alternative complement pathway by metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi: dependence on the developmentally regulated synthesis of surface protein and N-linked carbohydrate." Journal of Immunology 137, no. 9 (November 1, 1986): 2961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.137.9.2961.
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Abstract Epimastigotes (EPI) of Trypanosoma cruzi are highly sensitive to lysis in fresh normal human serum by the alternative complement pathway (ACP). In contrast, metacyclic trypomastigotes (CMT) derived from EPI in stationary culture fail to activate the ACP and are thus resistant to serum-mediated lysis. To investigate the nature of the parasitic surface molecules which enable infective metacyclic trypomastigotes to evade the ACP, CMT were treated with a variety of different proteolytic and glycosidic enzymes, and their sensitivity to ACP-dependent lysis was tested. Pretreatment with pronase was found to cause a near complete reversal in the resistance of CMT to serum lysis, whereas trypsin or chymotrypsin induced smaller increases in complement sensitivity. Similarly, pretreatment with N-glycanase or neuraminidase also partially abrogated the resistance of CMT to ACP-dependent lysis. The effect of these enzymes on susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis was paralleled in increased C3 and C9 deposition on the organism. In addition, electrophoretic analysis of parasite-bound C3 indicated that the hemolytically inactive fragment, iC3b, was the major form of the molecule on CMT, while the hemolytically active fragment, C3b, predominated on pronase-treated CMT. Furthermore, when C3 was deposited on the parasite surface by means of purified ACP components, 80% of C3b on pronase-pretreated CMT but only 14% of the C3b on CMT bound the amplification protein factor B with high affinity, a prerequisite for efficient ACP activation. When cultured at 37 degrees C after pronase treatment, CMT gradually regained their resistance to ACP-mediated lysis. This process was blocked if puromycin, cycloheximide, or tunicamycin were included in the culture medium. The above findings suggest that evasion of the ACP by CMT is dependent on the developmentally regulated synthesis of protein as well as N-linked carbohydrate chains. A stage-specific 90,000 to 115,000 m.w. glycoprotein doublet present on the surface of CMT was shown to be uniquely sensitive to pronase digestion. Thus, this complex, which is also recognized by a CMT-specific monoclonal antibody, may be the glycoprotein component responsible for control of ACP activation
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Hu, Jiao, ZHENYU Ou, Minfeng Chen, Jinhui Liu, Luzhe Yan, Jinbo Chen, Peihua Liu, and Xiongbing Zu. "Neoadjuvant immunotherapy-driven bladder preservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A multicenter, propensity score-matched cohort study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e16598-e16598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e16598.
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e16598 Background: The rise of neoadjuvant immunotherapy has brought neoadjuvant immunotherapy-driven bladder preservation (Neoimmu-CMT) into the spotlight, yet its application is hampered by a scarcity of robust clinical evidence. There are no comparative studies on the effectiveness of Neoimmu-CMT versus traditional trimodal therapy (TMT) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy-driven bladder preservation (NAC-CMT). To address this gap, our study (ChiCTR2300069303) aims to assess Neoimmu-CMT's viability and identify suitable candidates through a multicenter, propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. Methods: The study included 163 patients from 14 hospitals, categorized into Neoimmu-CMT (n=97), TMT (n=30), and NAC-CMT (n=36) subgroups. PSM was utilized to mitigate baseline variability. Primary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS), bladder-intact DFS (BI-DFS), and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify potential prognostic factors. Biomarker assessment comprised immunohistochemistry and single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: Post-PSM, Neoimmu-CMT significantly outperformed NAC-CMT in DFS (HR: 2.112, 95% CI: 1.247-3.576, P=0.005) and BI-DFS (HR: 2.329, 95% CI: 1.138-4.770, P=0.021), with a 2-year BI-DFS rate of 90.28% compared to NAC-CMT's 71.59%. However, Neoimmu-CMT and TMT showed no significant difference in DFS and BI-DFS, with Neoimmu-CMT marginally surpassing TMT in 2-year BI-DFS rates (86.42% vs. 80.89%). Clinical complete response to neoadjuvant treatment and lower clinical T stage were positive prognostic factors for Neoimmu-CMT. Interestingly, regardless of being combined with ADC (HR: 1.283, 95% CI: 0.224-7.359, P=0.780) or chemotherapy (HR: 0.769, 95% CI: 0.255-2.323, P=0.642), the DFS outcomes did not surpass those received with sole immunotherapy. Furthermore, conventional clinical parameters such as tumor-associated hydronephrosis, tumor number, and histology type did not emerge as significant predictors for bladder preservation outcomes. Biomarker analysis showed the tumor microenvironment immune phenotype closely relates to bladder preservation outcomes. Conclusions: Neoimmu-CMT is a promising bladder preservation strategy, comparable to TMT and superior to NAC-CMT. Its advancement could significantly broaden bladder preservation treatment options.
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Liu, Yu, Maria E. Ryan, Hsi-Ming Lee, Sanford Simon, George Tortora, Carol Lauzon, Michael K. Leung, and Lorne M. Golub. "A Chemically Modified Tetracycline (CMT-3) Is a New Antifungal Agent." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 5 (May 2002): 1447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.5.1447-1454.2002.
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ABSTRACT Several chemically modified tetracycline analogs (CMTs), which were chemically modified to eliminate their antibacterial efficacy, were unexpectedly found to have antifungal properties. Of 10 CMTs screened in vitro, all exhibited antifungal activities, although their efficacies varied. Among these compounds, CMT-315, -3, and -308 were found to be the most potent as antifungal agents. The MICs of CMT-3 against 47 strains of fungi in vitro were determined by using amphotericin B (AMB) and doxycycline as positive and negative controls, respectively. The MICs of CMT-3 were generally found to be between 0.25 and 8.00 μg/ml, a range that approximates the blood levels of this drug when administrated orally to humans. Of all the yeast species tested to date, Candida albicans showed the greatest sensitivity to CMT-3. The filamentous species most susceptible to CMT-3 were found to be Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, Pseudallescheria boydii, a Penicillium sp., Scedosporium apiospermum, a Tricothecium sp., and Trichophyton rubrum. Growth inhibition of C. albicans by CMT-3, determined by a turbidity assay, indicated a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1 μg/ml. Thirty-nine strains, including 20 yeasts and 19 molds, were used to measure viability (the ability to grow after treatment with a drug) inhibition by CMT-3 and AMB. CMT-3 exhibited fungicidal activity against most of these fungi, especially the filamentous fungi. Eighty-four percent (16 of 19) of the filamentous fungi tested showed more than 90% inhibition of viability by CMT-3. In contrast, AMB showed fungicidal activity against all yeasts tested. However, most of the filamentous fungi (16 of 19) showed less than 50% inhibition of viability by AMB, indicating that AMB is fungistatic against most of these filamentous fungi. To begin to identify the sites in fungal cells affected by CMT-3, C. albicans and a Penicillium sp. were incubated with the compound at 35°C, and then the fluorescence of CMT-3 was observed by confocal laser scanning electron microscopy. CMT-3 appeared to have widespread intracellular distribution throughout C. albicans and the Penicillium sp. The mechanisms of the antifungal activity of CMT-3 are now being explored.
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Goenka, Shilpi, and Sanford R. Simon. "CMT-308, a Nonantimicrobial Chemically-Modified Tetracycline, Exhibits Anti-Melanogenic Activity by Suppression of Melanosome Export." Biomedicines 8, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8100411.
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CMT-308 is a nonantimicrobial chemically-modified tetracycline (CMT), which we have previously shown exhibits antifungal activity and pleiotropic anti-inflammatory activities, including inhibition of the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Based on its chemical structure, we hypothesized that CMT-308 could inhibit melanogenesis and might be a candidate for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders which occur due to unregulated melanin biosynthesis and/or transport. CMT-308 was first studied for any effects on activity of the enzyme tyrosinase in vitro using a purified preparation of mushroom tyrosinase; the mode of inhibition of the soluble fungal enzyme was evaluated by Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots as well as by non-linear least squares fitting. Next, the effects of CMT-308 were tested in mammalian cell cultures using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and further validated in darkly-pigmented human melanocytes (HEMn-DP). Our results showed that micromolar concentrations of CMT-308 inhibited mushroom tyrosinase enzyme activity, using the first two substrates in the melanogenesis pathway (l-tyrosine and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)); CMT-308 inhibited mushroom tyrosinase primarily via a mixed mode of inhibition, with the major contribution from a competitive mode. In B16F10 cell cultures, CMT-308 (10 µM) significantly diminished total melanin levels with a selective reduction of extracellular melanin levels, under both basal and hormone-stimulated conditions without any cytotoxicity over a duration of 72 h. Studies of potential mechanisms of inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 cells showed that, in mammalian cells, CMT-308 did not inhibit intracellular tyrosinase activity or the activity of α-glucosidase, an enzyme that regulates maturation of tyrosinase. However, CMT-308 suppressed MITF protein expression in B16F10 cells and showed copper chelating activity and antioxidant activity in a cell-free system. The significantly lower extracellular melanin levels obtained at 10 µM indicate that CMT-308’s anti-melanogenic action may be attributed to a selective inhibition of melanosome export with the perinuclear aggregation of melanosomes, rather than a direct effect on the tyrosinase-catalyzed steps in melanin biosynthesis. These results were validated in HEMn-DP cells where CMT-308 suppressed dendricity in a fully reversible manner without affecting intracellular melanin synthesis. Furthermore, the capacity of CMT-308 to inhibit melanosome export was retained in cocultures of HEMn-DP and HaCaT. In summary, our results offer promise for therapeutic strategies to combat the effects of hyperpigmentation by use of CMT-308 at low micromolar concentrations.