Journal articles: 'CNC machining centre'

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Cizikova, Andrea, Katarina Monkova, Peter Monka, and Marek Urban. "ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS AT SPINDLE CNC MACHINING CENTRE." MM Science Journal 2016, no. 06 (2016): 1515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2016_12_201627.

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Ganea, Macedon, Constantin Bungau, and Rares Pancu. "Modern Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC), Build by Retrofitting at Oradea University." Applied Mechanics and Materials 282 (January 2013): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.282.45.

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The Faculty IMT (Technological and Managing Engineering into mechanic domain) from Oradea University decided to develop by retrofitting activity one old second hand Horizontal Machining Centre from the Laboratory, in order to obtain the newest level as the most economic investment, able to answer at the educational conditions, according to the academic curriculum for bachelor, master and even PhD levels. The retrofitting activity was based on Fanuc components (CNC, AC drives & servomotors, PLC, measuring system, etc) on the basic machine, but also the machine CNC extension to “five axes machining concept”, having now more supplementary two CNC axes. On the other hand, the machine extension from machining centre to flexible cell, introduced new components as: load station, internal transport system by conveyor, Regal lager, two robots (able to assure the flow of resources).

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Bungău, Constantin, Rareş Pancu, and Traian Buidoş. "Analysis of the Linear Positioning Accuracy on Z Axis at the Horizontal Machining Centre TMA-AL-550." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.179.

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This paper presents a case study regarding use the laser XL 80 to check the linearity movement of the Z-axis to horizontal machining center, TMA-AL 550. This machining center has been upgraded to the possibility of processing to 3 CNC linear axes and 2 CNC rotary axes (up to 5 CNC simultaneous axes) and also 1 PLC axis (the index table), as well the including of the machine into to the flexible manufacturing cell. This work paper presents the linearity accuracy at machining centre on the Z axis and shows the operating correction parameters by software and the necessity of backlash adjustment between nut and ball screw, by using a performing linear laser for machine tools and research systems laboratory, that was acquired by the project RTT-5 Rotary-Tilting Tables for 5-axis Machining Center, where the authors participated. Compared with conventional methods of checking of table linearity deviations at the machining centers (checking with spirit leveling device, wire collimator, wire auto-collimator and yardstick ruler), the method by laser of unconventional determining brings the following advantages: linear resolution of 0.001 μm, method assisted by computer, in order to obtain the positioning accuracy ± 5 μm the repeatability of 5 μm/m. The measurements fall within the ISO 230-2, ASME B5-52, VDI 3441-DGQ, JIS and GB international standards, and permitting also the memorization of the measured data and the obtaining of the tabulated results, or in graphical form too, using XL 80 soft Laser, by forwarding the information to the computer.

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Ivan, Andrei Mario, Florin Adrian Nicolescu, Georgia Cezara Avram, and Adrian Theodor Mantea. "Off-Line Programming and Functioning Simulation of Robotic Flexible Manufacturing Cell for Part's Turning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (May 2015): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.213.

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This paper presents the works performed by the authors in the field of robotic flexible manufacturing cell offline programming and simulation. The study includes a manufacturing cell structure which includes a part transport system, a CNC lathe / turning centre and an articulated arm type industrial robot. The robot performs the task of loading / unloading the CNC lathe / manufacturing centre and manipulating the parts inside the cell, while the machining operations are performed by the CNC manufacturing centre. After briefly presenting the layout of the cell, the paper focuses on describing the methods used for offline programming and simulation of the tasks performed by the industrial robot. The software package used is ABB RobotStudio. The results of the research work are a process simulation and validation for CNC lathe / machining centre loading / unloading operation and part manipulation performed by the industrial robot and assisted task programming for this application using ABB RobotStudio software. The assisted offline programming and simulation general methods used, as well as the procedures for each stage of the applications are described, in order to illustrate the specific operation for each cell and offline programming aspects.

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Kminiak, Richard, Kazimierz A. Orlowski, Ladislav Dzurenda, Daniel Chuchala, and Adrián Banski. "Effect of Thermal Treatment of Birch Wood by Saturated Water Vapor on Granulometric Composition of Chips from Sawing and Milling Processes from the Point of View of Its Processing to Composites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217545.

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The goal of this work is to investigate the impact of thermal modification of birch wood with saturated steam on the particle size distribution of the sawing and milling process. Birch wood (Betula pendula Roth) is an excellent source to produce plywood boards. Wastes from mechanical processing of birch wood are suitable to produce composite materials. Granulometric analyses of chips from sawing processes on the PRW 15M frame saw, as well as on the 5-axis CNC machining centre SCM TECH Z5 and the 5-axis CNC machining centre AX320 Pinnacle, proved that more than 95% of chips are chips of coarse and medium coarse chip fractions with dimensions above 0.125 mm. Depending on the shape, coarse and medium-thick chips belong to the group of fiber chips, the length of which is several times greater than the width and thickness. Fine fractions with dimensions smaller than 125 μm are isometric chips that are approximately the same size in all three dimensions. Thoracic dust fractions below 30 μm were not measured. The performed analyses showed that the heat treatment of birch wood with saturated steam did not affect the grain size of chips formed in sawing and milling processes on CNC machining centre and can be used as a raw material for the production of composite materials. Fabric filters are suitable for separating chips extracted from frame saws, PRW-15M or machining centre. Environmental criteria for the separation of chips from transport air in textile filters are met by filters with a fabric classified in class G4.

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McKnight, W. W., G. R. Dickson, and D. Crossen. "Utilisation of CNC machining centre as a three-dimensional copy mill." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 43, no. 1 (1994): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)90162-7.

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Ganesan, H., and G. Mohankumar. "Optimization of Machining Techniques in CNC Turning Centre Using Genetic Algorithm." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 38, no. 6 (2013): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-013-0539-8.

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Ford, DG, MHN Widiyarto, A. Myers, AP Longstaff, and S. Fletcher. "Structural analysis and characterisation technique applied to a CNC vertical machining centre." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 13 (2014): 2357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213517496.

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There is a requirement for improved 3D surface characterisation and reduced tool wear, when modern computer numerical-controlled (CNC) machine tools are operating at high cutting velocities, spindle speeds and feed-rates. This research project investigates vibration-induced errors on a CNC vertical machining centre under dynamic conditions. A model of the machine structural dynamics is constructed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the comprehensive analytical investigation of the machine vibration behaviour. The analytical model is then validated against the measured results obtained from an experimental modal analysis (EMA) investigation. A correlation analysis of the simulated and experimental modal analysis results is undertaken in order to improve the accuracy of the model and minimise modelling practice errors. The resulting optimised model will need further sensitivity analysis utilising parametric structural analysis and characterisation techniques in order to identify a potential for vibration reduction using passive methods.

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van Ligten, R. F., and V. C. Venkatesh. "Diamond Grinding of Aspheric Surfaces on a CNC 4-Axis Machining Centre." CIRP Annals 34, no. 1 (1985): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61776-4.

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Vichare, P., A. Nassehi, and S. Newman. "A unified manufacturing resource model for representation of computerized numerically controlled machine tools." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 223, no. 5 (2009): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1363.

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The capability of any manufacturing system primarily depends on its available machine tools. Thus machine tool representation is a vital part of modelling any manufacturing system. With the rapid advances in computerized numerically controlled (CNC) machines, machine tool representation has become a more challenging task than ever before. Today's CNC machine tools are more than just automated manufacturing machines, as they can be considered multi-purpose, multi-tasking, and hybrid machining centres. This paper presents a versatile methodology for representing such state-of-the-art CNC machining system resources. A machine tool model is a conceptual representation of the real machine tool and provides a logical framework for representing its functionality in the manufacturing system. There are several commercial modelling tools available in the market for modelling machine tools. However, there is no common methodology among them to represent the wide diversity of machine tool configurations. These modelling tools are either machine vendor specific or limited in their scope to represent machine tool capability. In addition, the current information models of STEP-NC, namely ISO 14649, can only describe machining operations, technologies, cutting tools, and product geometries. However, they do not support the representation of machine tools. The proposed unified manufacturing resource model (UMRM) has a data model which can fill this gap by providing machine specific data in the form of an EXPRESS schema and act as a complementary part to the STEP-NC standard to represent various machine tools in a standardized form. UMRM is flexible enough to represent any type of CNC machining centre. This machine tool representation can be utilized to represent machine tool functionality and consequential process capabilities for allocating resources for process planning and machining.

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Jozwik, Jerzy, Paweł Lonkwic, Milan Saga, and Ivan Kuric. "R-Test Static Measurement of The 5-axis CNC Machining Centre Rotary Axis Kinematic Centre Error." Manufacturing Technology 14, no. 2 (2014): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/mt/14/2/186.

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M., Abd Elkhalek, Elhakim A., Wahba A., and Moughith S. "OPTIMIZATION OF IDLE PATH IN DRILLING ON CNC MACHINING CENTRE USING THE GA." International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 12 (2006): 214–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/amme.2006.42253.

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BISSCHOP, J. J., H. STEGEMAN, and M. E. A. STRIEKWOLD. "The sequencing of point operations on a CNC-machining centre using a microcomputer." International Journal of Production Research 26, no. 8 (1988): 1375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207548808947952.

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Deng, Xiaolei, Jianzhong Fu, and Zichen Chen. "Thermal-structure characteristics coupling analysis and optimisation for horizontal CNC machining centre spindle." International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity 8, no. 4 (2014): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmsi.2014.067114.

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Bedi, S., W. Chernoff, and G. W. Vickers. "Computer-aided Fairing and Direct Numerically Controlled Machining of Ship Hull Hydrodynamic Testing Models." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 1 (1988): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1988-0007.

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A computer-aided method of defining and machining 2-metre ship hull forms for hydrodynamic testing is described. The hull shape is faired from the original table of off-sets using a minimum number of smooth three-dimensional parametric skeletal-lines along the length of the boat. A fine set of smoothly blending station-lines is therby formed. The hull shape is preformed in two halves through a lamination process and machined on a three-axis numerically controlled machining (CNC) centre. A carbide-tipped, end-milling cutter is directed along the closely spaced station-lines to rapidly form an accurate hull shape requiring a minimum of hand work. The fairing and machining programs, called G-surf, run on a personal computer and are used to transmit the data and control the CNC machine in real time. The resulting hull shape is symmetrical and far more accurate than manually lofted and preshaped models.

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Usop, Zuriani, Ahmed A. D. Sarhan, N. A. Mardi, and Md Nizam Abd Wahab. "Measuring of positioning, circularity and static errors of a CNC Vertical Machining Centre for validating the machining accuracy." Measurement 61 (February 2015): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.025.

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Nayak, Prasmit Kumar, and MS Shunmugam. "CAD simulation and generation machining of discrete ring-involute spherical segment gear pair." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 7 (2011): 1832–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211427833.

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A spherical segment gear pair is useful in robotic wrist and similar such applications that require two degrees of freedom. From the first principle, tooth surface of spherical gear can be mathematically derived from a rack-cutter profile using the coordinate transformation and one-parameter family of envelope theory. Alternatively, the spherical gear tooth surface is obtained as an envelope of a series of cutter surfaces formed during the kinematic motion between work blank and cutter. Conventional gear cutting machines cannot be used to generate the spherical gears and hence the spherical gears have remained a conceptual mechanism. In order to establish the feasibility of generation machining, a CAD-based simulation is carried out first where work blank and cutter are taken as solid models and the simulation is performed using the Boolean operation to remove the interfered material in an incremental manner, maintaining the kinematic relationship. The actual machining of the spherical segment gear is then carried out on a five-axis CNC machining centre using a specially developed conical end-mill cutter having a semi-cone angle of 20°. The script file for the CAD simulation has also been used for creating the program for CNC machining.

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Wang, Xiu Shan, Yan Li, and Yong Chang Yu. "Thermal Error Robust Modeling and Real Time Compensation Based on the GA-BPN Theory on a Vertical Machine Centre." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3211.

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Thermal errors generally account for as much as 70% of the total errors of CNC machine tools, are the most contributor to the workpiece dimensional precision in precision machining process. Thermal error compensation is an effective way to decreasing thermal errors. Precision mode is a key to thermal error compensation. In this paper thermal error modeling method based on the artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithm is applied for a vertical machining center. Four key temperature points of a vertical machining center were obtained based on the temperature field analysis. A novel genetic algorism-Back propagation neural network (GA-BPN) thermal error model was proposed on the basis of four temperature points. The emulations and experiments prove that there was about a 60% increase in machine tool precision.

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Hafiz Zani, M., Halim Isa, S. M. Muhammad Syafiq, O. Rawaida, Z. Nuradilah, and Ros Ahmad Fatihah. "The Effects of Roller Conveyor on Muscle Activity in Workpiece Loading on CNC Machining Centre: A Preliminary Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.673.

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In the recent years, Advance Manufacturing Technology (AMT) has been widely used in manufacturing industry to increase manufacturing process capability. However, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine designs have only focused on its operational capability. The harmonious coordination between users and CNC machines is often neglected, which can contribute to hazardous working practices that can affect the health of users. Bending posture while loading the work piece to the machine can cause fatigue and discomfort to the users. Thus, the focus of this preliminary study is to analyse the effect of CNC machine work piece loading on muscle activity levels and to determine the effectiveness of roller conveyor in reducing muscle activity levels. Muscle activity has been analysed using surface electromyography (sEMG) technique. Erector spinae, biceps and trapezius muscles were concurrently measured during the work piece loading. Five male subjects (n=5) participated in the pre-intervention study and two subjects (n=2) in the post-intervention study (roller conveyor implementation) participated to test the effectiveness of the roller conveyor. Result pre-intervention study found that muscle activity level of biceps was the highest followed by trapezius and erector spinae. Based on the post-intervention study involving the roller conveyor, muscle activity of the erector spinae was reduced meanwhile the muscle activity of biceps and trapezius increased for both subjects.

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Paulic, Matej, Tomaz Irgolic, and Joze Balic. "Computer Aided Manufacturing of Models for Moulding out of Synthetic Materials for Producing Sand Casting Moulds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.460.

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Paper is presenting computer aided machining of models for moulding out of synthetic materials. Goal of the project was to produce a manikin (dummy) from aluminium alloy for testing protective clothes for intervention services. Usage of state-of-the-art software for CAD modeling and CAM machining has been applied. At planning of the machining strategies, the software package UGS NX 7 has been used. Machining of certain models has been done on CNC machining centre Heller BEA 1. Due to dimensional restrictions on the machine workspace we had to part up the models on smaller segments. The model pieces have been made out of synthetic material Sikablock® M700. Producing of the models was pretentious and extensive. In project were successfully captured demands for aluminium casting, with these basics we produced objects and produced final casts.

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Liu, Kui, Pei Ling Liu, Hu Wu, and Kah Chuan Shaw. "Study on Tool-Path Generation for Ultra-Precision Machining of Optical Lens Array." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.595.

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In this study, a computer numerical control (CNC) programming software platform for ultra precision machining of optical surfaces was developed based on an MS Windows application framework and openGL. Using cylindrical coordinates, the tool path can be generated based on the polar angle, radius and a linear coordinate of the Z-axis, as well as cutting tool nose radius compensation. A 3D simulation based on tool path generation was developed for machining verification, which largely reduces the oscillation of the machine during the ultra precision machining process. Ultra precision machining of an optical lens array was carried out on a 5-axis ultra precision machining centre using a single crystalline diamond cutter. The experimental results indicated that the oscillation effect can be largely reduced using the cutting tool path using a super steady machining strategy. This software platform is designed as a framework, where the capability and functions can be expanded by adding in more freeform surface packages.

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Zhao, Yu Xia, Jie Jian Di, and De Wen Gao. "Solid Modeling and Machining Approach of the Impeller Based on Five-Axis Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.801.

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An impeller is the core of aviation engine components, the processing quality has a decisive impact on the performance of the engine. An impeller is also one of the most important basic components of centrifugal compressor. When a three-axis CNC machining centre is used for producing an impeller, great difficulties, i.e. collisions between the cutting tool and the impeller, can occur. As the surface is normally twisted in design to achieve the required performance, it can cause overcut and collision problems during machining. To solve these problems, an integrated five-axis machining approach for a centrifugal impeller by combining related machining technologies is developed. As a result, Cutter Location data based on the geometry model of blade and hub of the impeller are generated. Finally, the Cutter Location data is verified through software simulation. The results prove that the machining methodology adopted is useful and efficient.

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Igaz, Rastislav, Richard Kminiak, Ľuboš Krišťák, Miroslav Němec, and Tomáš Gergeľ. "Methodology of Temperature Monitoring in the Process of CNC Machining of Solid Wood." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010095.

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The issue of the change in tool temperature as a result of the machining process is presented in this paper. The aim of the paper is to put forward a proposal and subsequently to verify the methodology of temperature monitoring in the process of computer numerical control (CNC) machining in real time. Subsequently, the data can be used in the process of adaptive machine-tool control. Experiments were used to determine whether the research method is appropriate. Oak, beech and spruce wood turning blanks with the thickness of 20 mm were machined using a 5-axis CNC machining centre. A temperature change observation resulting from the changes in parameters of the removed layer was used to test whether the research method is relevant. Parameters of the removed layer were affected by the changes in feed rate in the range from 1 ÷ 5 m·min−1 in the removed layer (1–5 mm) or in wood species used in the experiment. As emerges from the proposed methodology, it is possible to monitor the changes in tool temperature responding to minimal changes in technological parameters on a relatively small size of a milled surface quite accurately. Sensitivity to given changes in technological parameters as well as the importance of the methodology was proven.

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Bungău, Constantin, Macedon Ganea, and Rares Pancu. "New Tendency of Machine Tool Study Based on Virtual Machining Software Applied at University of Oradea." Applied Mechanics and Materials 613 (August 2014): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.613.396.

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The present paper work shows the efforts of the research group from University of Oradea on the introduction into the educational program at all the levels (bachelor, master and PhD) of the newest method of the machine tool study. By these methods is need to understand the educational stages ( engineering for constructive parts, the machining on CNC milling centre up to 5 axes simultaneous, machining of very complexes parts, the programming of the CNC units, the using of the most advanced CAM software, the programming of the robots into the flexible manufacturing cell, etc.). On the other hand we include here the research activity about the improvement of the performances of the entire flexible cell from University of Oradea laboratory by increasing of the technological experiences. It is necessary to mention that the UO-01 flexible manufacturing cell, based on the horizontal milling centre TMA-AL 550, both were developed by own efforts (retrofitting) at University of Oradea in our faculty (Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering) having the contribution of our research group. The entire concept of these new methods is based on virtual simulation into the 3D space of the functioning in real time of all the components at every technological case. For these targets all the components were modeled at 1:1 ratio in 3D space, including the movements of their movable parts.

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Lian, Ling Neng, Bin Li, and Hong Qi Liu. "Study of Spindle Current Signals for Tool Breakage Detection in Milling." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.482.

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Failure of cutting tools significantly decreases machining productivity and product quality, thus, tool condition monitoring is significant in modern manufacturing processes. In this paper, a novel method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and Linear Discriminant analysis (LDA) is proposed for detection of different broken tooth via spindle-motor current signals generated in end milling process. First, SVD algorithm is adopted to extract the useful singular values as salient features for indicating the tool state. Then classify the tool breakage event based on the selected features through the LDA technique. The experiments on a CNC Vertical Machining Centre show that this method is effective and can accurately classify the different broken tooth in end mill process.

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Hanna, M. M., A. Buck, and R. Smith. "Fuzzy Petri nets with neural networks to model products quality from a CNC-milling machining centre." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 26, no. 5 (1996): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3468.531910.

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Verma, Kuldeep, and Rajendra M. Belokar. "Experimental investigations of ball screws over static and accelerating torque-based lead factor in CNC machining centre." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 1 (2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2017.0298.

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Stalin John, M. R., and B. K. Vinayagam. "Optimization of Ball Burnishing Process on Tool Steel (T215Cr12) in CNC Machining Centre Using Response Surface Methodology." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 36, no. 7 (2011): 1407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-011-0126-9.

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Haba, Sever Alexandru, and Gheorghe Oancea. "Design and Manufacturing Optimization of Single-Cylinder Engine Block Prototype Using CATIA Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.165.

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This paper presents a complex project, implemented in CATIA V5 environment, used for mechanical design and prototype obtaining of the single-cylinder engine block. The main features which are implemented allow reducing the time for design, using the end user design parameters for the prototype manufacturing, reducing the material consumption, optimization of the numerical control technology for milling process. The paper also presents a software system, developed with Visual Basic in CATIA environment, which can be used to automate the process of 3D model generating, creating the data files for rapid prototyping equipments, designing of CNC machining technology, and automatic generating of the numeric control files for the milling process using multi-axes machining centre. The NC files are verified using simulation capabilities of the virtual environment provided by CATIA V5.

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Yulian T. Adesta, Erry, Muhammad Riza, and Avicenna Avicenna. "Content Comparative Investigation on Tool Wear During End Milling of AISI H13 Steel with Different Tool Path Strategies." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 4 (2017): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i4.852.

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Tool wear prediction plays a significant role in machining industry for proper planning and control machining parameters and optimization of cutting conditions. This paper aims to investigate the effect of tool path strategies that are contour-in and zigzag tool path strategies applied on tool wear during pocket milling process. The experiments were carried out on CNC vertical machining centre by involving PVD coated carbide inserts. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were set to vary. In an experiment with three factors at three levels, Response Surface Method (RSM) design of experiment with a standard called Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed. Results obtained indicate that tool wear increases significantly at higher range of feed per tooth compared to cutting speed and depth of cut. This result of this experimental work is then proven statistically by developing empirical model. The prediction model for the response variable of tool wear for contour-in strategy developed in this research shows a good agreement with experimental work.

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Gopinath, L., and S. Ravishankar. "Manufacturability of Aircraft Winglet for Wind Tunnel Testing." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.100.

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The form, shape and dimensions of the scaled down winglet model become small and thin bringing complexity to manufacturing. The trailing edge tapers to a thickness varying from 0.065mm to 0.099mm along its length. The mounting portion of the winglet is provided with a close tolerance having a slot gap of 5mm and a depth of 35 mm with an angle. Additionally, wind tunnel models require good surface finish on the aerodynamic surfaces and this involves adopting a manufacturing strategy with a control over on the metal cutting parameters to be implemented on a three axes CNC machining centre. The winglet surface is divided into segments in order to handle the cutting forces on the varying aerodynamic cross section. Various metal cutting parameters such as tool path, cutter diameter, feed rate, depth of cut, spindle speed, etc., are evaluated by monitoring segments where the metal cutting is carried out [1] and flow of chips observed. Fixtures and lugs are planned effectively to accommodate the machining of the angular slot in a three axes machining centre itself. Routing of operations to handle the varying thin sections and realisation of the close tolerance slot has enabled a reliable manufacturing approach in an economical way.

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Suárez-Fernández, Daniel, Bradley P. Wynne, Pete Crawforth, Katharine Fox, and Martin Jackson. "A Novel Technique to Assess the Effect of Machining and Subsurface Microstructure on the Fatigue Performance of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032104012.

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Aerospace titanium components are manufactured under the strictest standards in order to ensure the highest quality. To develop highly efficient machining processes, extensive research and investment is necessary. For the specific case of rotating titanium critical components, large quantities of forged workpieces are machined to determine the effects of the different machining parameters on tool wear characteristics and component structural integrity and performance. However, testing the different permutations of metal removal parameters and tool combinations is expensive and time consuming at the development stage. The novel approach developed and presented here, enables the machining of smaller titanium parts that can be compared 1-to-1 to parts extracted from industrial machined disc components. This approach not only reduces cost, but ultimately accelerates the research and development process due to more rapid feedback between different iterations of the machining parameters. The proposed technique specifically replicates the face turning operation performed in rotational critical titanium components, such as compressor discs, using small coupons machined in a standard CNC machining centre. The machined coupons can be fatigue tested through a 4-point bending and microstructural analysis can be performed on the tested coupons to directly study the effects of the machining process on the surface and underlying microstructure.

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Vosniakos, G. C., and T. Giannakakis. "Reverse engineering of simple surfaces of unknown shape with touch probes: Scanning and compensation issues." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 4 (2003): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503321628233.

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This work discusses issues concerning the implementation of scanning of unknown engineering objects containing just simple (i.e. no freeform) surfaces with touch probes on three-axis computer numerical control (CNC) measuring machines in order to reconstruct their shape in a computer aided design (CAD) system. Several ideas are put forward e.g. scanning along vertical slicing planes adaptive point sampling distances in-process ‘proactive’ segmentation of points into curve sections and probe radius compensation in two directions as well as limited remedy of edge scanning ambiguities. Most of the suggested algorithms are implemented as parametric numerical control (NC) programs on an OKUMA machining centre.

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Chan, Sunny, Sammy Wong, Tom C. Kong, and Ru Du. "Development of a Millimeter Scale Turning Centre for Gear Hobbing." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.249.

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Conventional machining is generally preferred in manufacturing metal components with 2½D features and/or 3D silhouettes. With the ever increasing demand for reduced sizes and increased accuracy, however, traditional machine tools have become ineffective for cutting miniature components. A typical example is gear manufacturing. It is known that gears are machined using the gear hobbing process in which the cutter axis and the workpiece axis are required to be synchronized to an accurate constant ratio. According to a market survey, only a few machine tools can make gears with the size of φ1.0 mm. This paper presents our effort in developing a PC-based millimeter scale CNC turning centre with gear hobbing capability to machine miniature gears. In this machine, the synchronization required by the gear hobbing process was achieved directly by controlling the AC servomotors. Experiment results show that the machine is able to machine high quality components with diameter as small as 0.075 mm and hob gears with module as small as 0.09.

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Ford, D. G., S. R. Postlethwaite, J. P. Allen, and M. D. Blake. "Compensation algorithms for the real-time correction of time and spatial errors in a vertical machining centre." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 214, no. 3 (2000): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405001517603.

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This paper describes research into a machine tool error compensation system for universal application. Based on an indirect identification precalibrated technique, it utilizes a unique algorithm, which allows the compensation system to compensate for the geometric error components of any normal orthogonal machine tool configuration. The movement and position of the machine tool axes can affect individual machine tool axis error components (such as yaw, pitch, roll and straightness). The level of this axis coupling is dependent on the machine tool configuration and the rigidity of the machine tool structure. Also, thermal effects can affect the machine tool axis error components. The kinematic (rigid body) model will be modified to allow for the non-rigid effects, and a novel technique for reducing workpiece errors caused by the thermal distortion of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool is introduced. This new approach to thermal error reduction is based on an indirect measurement technique where temperature/distortion relationships are developed by splitting the problem into two parts, a thermal model and a distortion model. Thermal imaging has been used extensively, and research into its usefulness for developing models has been under investigation. The use of separate thermal and distortion models allows analytical techniques, such as finite element analysis, to be used to verify performance. Novel techniques for the fast, accurate and detailed geometric calibration of CNC machine tools were also investigated. Although the wide availability of modern metrology equipment has provided the means for accurate measurement of machine errors, geometric calibration of machine tools is a time consuming, labour intensive and therefore costly process. The methodology and validation of the universal rigid body compensation model with its machine-specific non-rigid body and thermal effects suitably integrated have been demonstrated. Other elements such as calibration methodology, dynamic measurement, non-rigid effects/compensation and thermal distortion models will be the subject of further papers leading to the overall objective.

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Han, Wei, Li Ming Wu, Yao Hua Deng, and He Yun Zhang. "Researching a Online Method of Measuring Three-Dimensional Deformation for Large Overhead Crossbeam." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.272.

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Aiming at the difficulty of online measurement for three-dimensional deformation of large overhead crossbeam in gantry CNC machining centre, this paper proposes a measuring method based on multi-points attitude of crossbeam-body. Real-time measuring the attitudes of some equidistant points on crossbeam-body, dealing with the measurement information by adopt shockproof filtering, wavelet denoising and smoothing. Then infer the formulas to calculate deformation of each point along different directions ofx-axis,y-axis,z-axis. The experiment uses triaxial acceleration sensor modules to measure crossbeam attitude. Experimental results show that the minimum deformational angle can be measured low to 0.06°. And if the spacing between sensor modules has mm level accuracy, the precision of calculation about deformation can reach up to 10-3mm level. In addition, this method is strongly suitable for on-site environment, and it can lay a foundation for further researching about prediction and compensation in the CNC processing.

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Saknararak, Komate, Phaireepinas Phimpisan, and Chatchapol Chungchoo. "Wear Monitoring of Steel Ball of a CNC Machining Centre by Using Surface Roughness of Finished Test Pieces." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.410.

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Currently, there are several methods for indicating wear of the steel ball and screw shaft components of CNC machining centres. These include wear prediction of the steel ball and screw shaft of the ball screw by using the value of backlash. This value, generally, has to be determined using expensive equipment such as a laser interferometer or a ball bar. In order to reduce the monitoring cost of ball screw wear, especially steel ball wear, a new monitoring technique is introduced. This technique was developed from a correlation between steel ball wear and the surface roughness of the machined surface of a test piece. In this research, the balls were subjected to artificial wear which were achieved by using a barrel tumbling process. Experimental results indicated that ball wear causes increase in surface roughness of a machined test piece. Employing these results, an equation for estimating steel ball wear was developed. Research results also showed that this new technique can reduce monitoring cost significantly compared with the cost of conventional methods.

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Ford, DG, VYM Castaneda, AP Longstaff, C. Pislaru, and A. Myers. "Computer numerical control vertical machining centre feed drive modelling using the transmission line technique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 9 (2014): 1578–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214546540.

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This study presents a novel application of the Transmission Line Matrix Method (TLM) for the modelling of the dynamic behaviour of non-linear hybrid systems for computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool drives. The application of the TLM technique implies the dividing of the ball-screw shaft into a number of identical elements in order to achieve the synchronisation of events in the simulation, and to provide an acceptable resolution according to the maximum frequency of interest. This entails the use of a high performance computing system with due consideration to the small time steps being applied in the simulation. Generally, the analysis of torsion and axial dynamic effects on a shaft implies the development of independent simulated models. This study presents a new procedure for the modelling of a ball-screw shaft by the synchronisation of the axial and torsion dynamics into the same model. The model parameters were obtained with equipments such as laser interferometer, ball bar, electronic levels, signal acquisition systems, etc. The MTLM models for single and two-axis configurations have been simulated and matches well with the measured responses of machines. The new modelling approach designated the Modified Transmission Line Method (MTLM) extends the TLM approach retaining all its inherent qualities but gives improved convergence and processing speeds. Further work since, not the subject of this paper, have identified its potential for real-time application.

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Kannan, T. Deepan Bharathi, B. Suresh Kumar, G. Rajesh Kannan, M. Umar, and Mohammad Chand Khan. "Application of Genetic Algorithm Technique for Machining Parameters Optimization in Drilling of Stainless Steel." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (2019): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2019-0036.

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Abstract This work is aimed at developing relations between the pertinent variables that affect drilling process of stainless steel using artificial neural network. The experiments were conducted on vertical CNC machining centre. The parameters used were spindle speed and feed rate. The effect of machining parameters on entry burr height, exit burr height and surface roughness was experimentally evaluated for different spindle speeds and feed rates. A model was established between the drilling parameters and experimentally obtained data using ANN. The predicted values and measured values are fairly close, which indicates that the developed model can be effectively used to predict the burr height and surface roughness in drilling of stainless steel. Genetic algorithm (GA) technique was used in this work to identify the optimized drilling parameters. Confirmation test was conducted with the optimized parameters and it was found that confirmation test results were similar to that of GA-predicted output values.

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Zapico, Pablo, Héctor Patiño, Gonzalo Valiño, Pedro Fernández, and J. Carlos Rico. "CNC centralized control for digitizing freeform surfaces by means of a conoscopic holography sensor integrated in a machining centre." Precision Engineering 55 (January 2019): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2018.11.001.

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Arsecularatne, J. A., and P. Mathew. "An Optimal Tool Replacement Strategy for Computer Numerical Controlled Turning Centres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 209, no. 6 (1995): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_112_02.

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For a computer numerical controlled (CNC) turning centre with a multi-station tool turret, this paper describes a tool replacement strategy for tools used for both rough and finish turning, boring and facing operations as well as other end operations which include drilling, grooving, threading and parting-off. The method ensures a convenient replacement strategy where tools in the machine turret are replaced after machining integer multiples of an optimum number of components. This optimum number of components is determined so that the total cost due to tools and tool changing time is minimized. An example is given to illustrate how the procedure determines the optimal tool replacement strategy. It shows that the described method can substantially reduce the number of interruptions due to tool replacements in processing a batch.

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Mîtcă, Luisa N., Mustafa Günay, Radu Liviu Orban, and Ulvi Şeker. "A Study on the Effect of Manufacturing Conditions on Surface Roughness during Machining of Cu/Al₂O₃ Composites." Materials Science Forum 672 (January 2011): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.672.263.

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In this study, the machinability of the Cu matrix composites reinforced with 5, 10, 15 and 20 vol.% of Al2O3 particulates produced by powder metallurgy have been investigated. The effects of compaction pressure, sintering duration and volume fraction of reinforcing component on the surface roughness during machining of the considered composites, obtained by the appropriate Cu-Al2O3 powder mixtures cool die pressing at 500, respectively 700 MPa, and sintered at 800 °C for durations of 45 and 60 minutes in an argon atmosphere were determined. The machining tests were performed on a CNC machining centre, by means of samples face milling in dry conditions, at two different feed rates and four different cutting speeds, while the depth of cut was kept constant. As cutting tools have been adopted commercial grade (H13A) uncoated cemented carbide inserts manufactured by Sandvik Coromant with the geometry of TPKN1603 PP-R. After the machining tests, the surface roughness measurements clearly showed an increasing trend in surface roughness when the feed rate is increased from 300 mm/min to 400 mm/min for both sintering durations. Surface damages created on the machined surface through release from the matrix of particles negatively impact surface roughness. The most stable results in terms of surface roughness were obtained at 20% reinforcing ratio for 700 MPa compacting pressure and 60 minutes sintering duration.

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Kim, Ju-Ho, та Seung-Hwan Chang. "Design of μ-CNC machining centre with carbon/epoxy composite–aluminium hybrid structures containing friction layers for high damping capacity". Composite Structures 92, № 9 (2010): 2128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.09.043.

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Krishna Sastry, K. V., and V. Seshagiri Rao. "Multi Response Optimization of Carbon-Carbon (C/C) Drilling Parameters by Using Grey Theory Technique." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1801.

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The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum values of drilling parameters of carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CFRC) composite material with the help of an experimental investigation, which includes the application of unique Grey theory method. The growing application of CFRC composites, which are popularly known as ‘carbon-carbon’ composites in Aerospace, Automobile, Defence and other advanced industries has prompted research studies to develop drilling technology of these special materials. The present work demonstrates the optimization process of multiple responses.The optimum values of drilling characteristics of these composites are calculated by the application of Taguchi method in combination with Grey Relational Analysis technique. The drilling experiments were carried with a High speed steel tool on a plate of carbon-carbon composite material on a CNC Drilling vertical Machining centre.

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Bejaxhin, A. Bovas Herbert, and G. Paulraj. "Experimental investigation of vibration intensities of CNC machining centre by microphone signals with the effect of TiN/epoxy coated tool holder." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33, no. 3 (2019): 1321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-1232-3.

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Riza, Muhammad, and Erry Y. T. Adesta. "Cutting Temperature Investigation of AISI H13 in High Speed End Milling." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 1, no. 1 (2016): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.01.01.2016.06.

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Heat produced at the tool-chip interface during high speed milling operations have been known as a significant factor that affect to tool life and workpiece geometry or properties. This paper aims to investigate cutting temperature behaviours of AISI H13 (48 HRC) under high speed machining circumstances during pocketing. The experiments were conducted on CNC vertical machining centre by using PVD coated carbide insert. Milling processes were done at cutting speeds 150, 200 and 250 m/min and feed rate were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mm/tooth. Depths of cut applied were 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mm. Tool path method applied in this experiment was contour in. Results presented in this paper indicate that by increasing cutting speed the cutting temperature is lower than low cutting speed. However, by decreasing feed rate leads to cutting temperature low. Cutting temperature phenomena at the corner of pocket milling were also investigated. The phenomena showed that cutting temperature tends to decrease a moment when cutter comes to the corner of pocket and turning point of tool path and increase extremely a moment before leaving the corner and turning point.

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Obreja, Claudiu, Gheorghe Stan, Lucian Adrian Mihaila, and Marius Pascu. "Application of Tree Graph Method for Reducing the Total Time of Tool Changing in Milling and Boring Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.431.

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With a view of increasing the productivity on CNC machine tools one of the main solution is to reduce, as much as possible, the auxiliary time consumed with the set-up and replacement of the tools and work pieces engaged in the machining process. Reducing the total time of the tool changing process by the automatic tool changer system can be also achieved through minimizing the number of movements needed for the actual exchange of the tool, from the tool magazine to the machine spindle (the optimization of the tool changing sequences). This paper presents a new design method based on the tree-graph theory. We consider an existing automatic tool changing system, mounted on the milling and boring machining centre, and by applying the new method we obtain all the possible configurations to minimize the tool changing sequence of the automatic tool changer system. By making use of the method proposed we obtain the tool changing sequences with minimum necessary movements needed to exchange the tool. Reconfiguring an existing machine tool provided with an automatic tool changer system by making use of the proposed method leads to obtaining the smallest changing time and thus high productivity.

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Xu, Guo Qiang, Zeng Wen Liu, Jun Wang, and Chuan Zhen Huang. "Characterization of KDP Crystal Surfaces from Single Point Diamond Milling." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.271.

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Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) crystal is widely used in laser frequency multiplications and electro-optical modulators, but its soft-brittle property and thermal sensitive characteristic make it a very difficult-to-machine material. In this paper, an in-house made diamond tool with one tooth is used to face-mill KDP crystal specimens on a high-speed micro CNC machining centre, based on a statistically designed experiment. The morphology and roughness of the milled KDP crystal surfaces are analyzed with respect to the process parameters. It has been found that cutting speed has the largest effect on surface roughness, while axial depth of cut and feed per tooth show a comparable effect on both the Ra and PV roughness measures. From this study, 3 m/s cutting speed, 3 μm axial depth of cut and 1 μm/z feed per tooth are recommended for single point diamond milling of KDP crystal.

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Speedie, James A., Ian Black, and James M. Ritchie. "Finding the Optimum Cutting Conditions for Face Milling 13% Manganese Steel Using the Taguchi Design Method and Predictive Equations." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.527.

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In this paper, a methodology for determining the optimum machining parameters for a face mill operation is presented. Taguchi design of experiments was used in company with orthogonal arrays in order to study the effects and interactions that selected parameters had on the cutting behaviour. The parameters that were included in the study were cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and the effects of cutting fluid. Using the orthogonal array experimental runs were set up and carried out on specimens of metal plate on a CNC milling centre. The studied material was 13% Austenitic Manganese Steel. The response factors for the experimental runs were surface finish, spindle load, material removal rate, cutting forces and surface hardness. From the results and using the orthogonal arrays a set of empirical models were derived for each response factor which could be used to predict the optimal controllable factor settings for a given production criteria.

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Choudhary, Atul, and Sant Ram Chauhan. "Application of response surface methodology to evaluate the effect of cutting tool inserts on machining of aluminium 7075 alloy on CNC turning centre." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 13, no. 1 (2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2013.051906.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CNC machining centre'

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