Journal articles: 'CNC vertical milling machine'

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Ahmad Bakir, Azman, Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Mazlan Mohamed, Mohd Nor Hakim Hassan, and Muhamad Iqbal bin Ahmad. "Feed Rate Influence on Motion Error Characteristics of CNC Vertical Milling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.36.

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The increasing number of the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines usage in the manufacturing field appears to suggest that they are expected to be in good running condition. Machine tools such as CNC vertical milling machines are meant to produce precise work parts. Motion errors are factors which can directly affect the accuracy of the machine. This study presents an opportunity for interested parties to understand the characteristics of motion errors that exist in the CNC vertical milling machines with different feed rate settings. The purpose of this project is to find out any abnormalities apparent to the machine performance as the feed rate setting is increased. The motion errors of the CNC machines were examined by using a measuring device, namely Double Ball Bar (DBB). This equipment is designed to examine machine performance by measuring the accuracy of its movements. This device, which has two balls of identical size at the end of the bar, was mounted on a spindle and onto a special holder which is mounted on the working table. The machine is programmed to move in a circular motion, clockwise and anti-clockwise in three planes, XY, YZ and ZX. Any deviation from the standard data will represent the imperfection of the machines condition, especially mechanical components such as the slide bearing, spindle bearing or servo motor responses. By knowing the most significant error origin, the corrective countermeasures can then be carried out.

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Kwintarini, Widyanti, Agung Wibowo, and Yatna Yuwana Martawirya. "Mathematical Approach for Geometric Error Modeling of Three Axis CNC Vertical Milling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.303.

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The aim of this paper overviews about to find out the errors that come from three axis CNC vertical milling machine. The errors come from, the CNC milling machine can be modelled into mathematical models and later on these error models will be used to analyse the errors in the measured data. Many errors from CNC machine tools have given significant effects toward the accuracy and repeatability of manufacturing process. There are two error sources come from CNC machine tools such as tool deflection and thermal distortions of machine tool structure. These errors later on will contribute to result in the geometrical deviations of moving axis in CNC vertical milling machine. Geometrical deviations of moving axis such as linear positioning errors, roll, pitch and yaw can be designated as volumetric errors in three axis machine tool. Geometrical deviations of moving axises happen at every axis in three axis CNC vertical milling machine. Geometrical deviations of moving axises in linear and angular movement has the amount of errors up to twenty one errors. Moreover, this geometrical errors play the major role in the total amount of errors and for that particular reason extra attention towards the geometrical deviation errors will be needed along machining process. Each of geometrical error of three axes vertical machining center is modeled using a homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM). The developed mathematical model is used to calculate geometrical errors at each axis and to predict the resultant error vector at the interface of machine tool and workpiece for error compensation.

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Ford, DG, A. Myers, F. Haase, S. Lockwood, and A. Longstaff. "Active vibration control for a CNC milling machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 2 (April 4, 2013): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213484224.

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There is a requirement for improved three-dimensional surface characterisation and reduced tool wear when modern computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools are operating at high cutting velocities, spindle speeds and feed rates. For large depths of cut and large material removal rates, there is a tendency for machines to chatter caused by self-excited vibration in the machine tools leading to precision errors, poor surface finish quality, tool wear and possible machine damage. This study illustrates a method for improving machine tool performance by understanding and adaptively controlling the machine structural vibration. The first step taken is to measure and interpret machine tool vibration and produce a structural model. As a consequence, appropriate sensors need to be selected and/or designed and then integrated to measure all self-excited vibrations. The vibrations of the machine under investigation need to be clearly understood by analysis of sensor signals and surface finish measurement. The active vibration control system has been implemented on a CNC machine tool and validated under controlled conditions by compensating for machine tool vibrations on time-varying multi-point cutting operations for a vertical milling machine. The design of the adaptive control system using modelling, filtering, active vibration platform and sensor feedback techniques has been demonstrated to be successful.

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O¨zel, Cihan, Ali I˙nan, and Latif O¨zler. "An Investigation on Manufacturing of the Straight Bevel Gear Using End Mill by CNC Milling Machine." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1863256.

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Accurate manufacturing of bevel gears is an important problem for small workshops because the module milling cutters used for manufacturing are not accurate enough for the task. In this study, manufacturing of straight bevel gears is investigated by using end mills in CNC milling with a vertical machining center. By using this method, use of auxiliary apparatus, special cutters (such as the circular cutter, the rack cutter, etc.), and special machine tools are not required. For the study, first the straight bevel gear was modeled by Tredgold’s approach and manufacturing equations of the straight bevel gear were obtained. For the straight bevel gear manufacturing, a macro program was prepared and used. Afterward, the straight bevel gear was manufactured by using this program in a CNC milling machine, the Dyna 2900 machine. The results of the measurement data for a single tooth on the gear manufactured and the theoretical values are presented and discussed.

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Luo, Qing Hai, Wen Wu Peng, and Peng Fei Zhang. "Structure Improvement of the Principal Axis of a CNC Vertical Boring-Milling Machine." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1320.

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The rigidity of the principal axis of a CNC vertical boring-milling machine was analyzed, and the belt tension and end deformation were also calculated. A project was proposed to improve the structure of the principal axis for finish machining. After the discharge belt pulley was applied on the principal axis, the force transmission and the rigidity of principal axle system were improved considerably. The design and process means were proposed for the three added parts of the improved structure. The improved structure is simplified, secure and low-cost. The machining precision was increased, and the fixing was also become convenient.

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Kaczmarek, Jan, Sebastian Lange, Robert Święcik, and Artur Żurawski. "Diagnostics of the rotary table of vertical CNC milling center using machine tool probe." Mechanik, no. 10 (October 2016): 1484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.10.422.

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Zhu, Xiu Rong. "Study on the NC Machining Theory and Simulation of Hypoid Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.34.

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Based on NC machining principle of hypoid gears and NC machining with high efficiency quality, This paper discusses the feasibility of the hypoid gear processing, establishes the mathematical model of face gear wheel hypoid milling machining adjustment, that will be take the basic data into vertical machining center machine tool, tool, fixture, the installation and adjustment of parameters, and we write a program of the CNC machining and corresponding code, combined with the specific wheel blank parameters to milling simulation test and milling tests, we obtain a new process methods.

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Piyush pandey, Piyush pandey. "Process Parametric Optimization of CNC Vertical Milling Machine Using Taguchi Technique in Varying Condition." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 6, no. 5 (2013): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0653442.

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Daymi, A., M. Boujelbene, E. Bayraktar, A. Ben Amara, and D. Katundi. "Influence of Feed Rate on Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy in High Speed Milling." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1228.

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Titanium alloys have been widely used in industries, especially aerospace, energy and medical industries, due to their good mechanical and chemical properties. However, titanium alloys are typically difficult-to-cut materials. Milling induced surface integrity, including anisotropic surface roughness, residual stress, surface microstructure alterations and microhardness, has received little attention. This work investigated the effect of machining conditions, especially the federate, on surface integrity of workpiece of Ti-6Al-4V alloy machined using high speed ball end milling process. The experimental tests were performed at various cutting parameters and carried out in dry conditions on a vertical five-axis CNC milling machine, using a coated carbide tool. Surface finish was studied based on 3D topographic maps and microhardness depth profiles beneath the machined surface. Microstructure of the sub-machined surface was observed using an optical microscope in order to investigate the metallurgical deformation. X-ray diffraction analysis is performed to obtain the residual stress distribution beneath the surface.

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Mahmud, M. A., A. K. M. Nurul Amin, and Muammer Din Arif. "Optimization of Cutting Parameters in High Speed End Milling of Soda Lime Glass with Coated Carbide Tools Using Directional Compressed Air Blowing." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.111.

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An experimental study of high speed machining of soda lime glass using directional compressed air blowing for removal of the ductile chips from the machined surface, is presented. High speed end milling of soda lime glass is performed on a vertical CNC milling machine to observe the effects of machining parameters i.e. spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate on the resultant surface roughness. The design of the experiments was performed following the Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Response Surface methodology (RSM) using the Design Expert Software. Optimization of machining parameters was conducted using desirability function of the Design Expert software based on minimum surface roughness criterion. Finally, experimental verification tests were conducted to validate the predicted optimized value.

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Mahmud, M. A., A. K. M. Nurul Amin, and Muammer Din Arif. "Surface Roughness Model for High Speed End Milling of Soda Lime Glass Using Carbide Coated Tools with Compressed Air Blowing." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.107.

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Glass materials play a vital role in advancement of science and technology. They have found wide spread application in the industry, in laboratory equipment and in micro-gas turbines. Due to their low fracture toughness they are very difficult to machine, moreover there are the chip depositions on the machined surface which affects surface finish under ductile mode cutting conditions. In this research, high speed end milling of soda lime glass is performed on CNC vertical milling machine to investigate the effects of machining parameters i.e. spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate on machined surface roughness. Design of experiments was performed following Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Design Expert Software was used for generating the empirical mathematical model for average surface roughness. The model’s validity was tested to 95% confidence level by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Subsequent experimental results showed that the developed mathematical model could successfully describe the performance indicators, i.e. surface roughness, within the controlled limits of the factors that were considered.

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Sujatmiko, Agus, Moh Hartono, and R. Edy Purwanto. "Groove Overhang Impact on the Result of Surface Roughness on Vertical CNC Milling Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 836 (June 2016): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.836.191.

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Computer Numerical Control (CNC) vertical milling is a cutting tool of a work piece by giving CNC G-code program to the milling machine to give the chisel end mill perpendicular to the surface of the work piece. The distance between overhang tool and holder is usually not standard causing the end mill chisel experience minimum and maximum deflection during the cutting process. This research observed the cutting and measuring the surface roughness of the specimen made of BJ37 mild steel. It is of a square shape with a rectangular cross-section cutting parameters of overhang groove, vibration and feeding from the left, the middle, and the right surface. Measurement was done by testing the surface roughness under the conditions of changing the overhang groove, vibration, and small feeding. The observations result in smaller deflection and angle to obtain Ra = 1.64 μm average minimum level of roughness using 25mm overhang with the same feeding of 0.18mm/rev. Ra = 1.64 μm is classified into Group N7 smooth, compared to the use standard 35mm overhang which obtains Ra = 1.88 μm, Group N7 normal. The minimum level of roughness can be obtained due to the smaller feeding.

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Martinov, G. M., A. I. Obukhov, and N. V. Kozak. "The Usage of Error Compensation Tools of CNC for Vertical Milling Machines." Russian Engineering Research 38, no. 2 (February 2018): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x18020120.

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Wang, Li Mei. "Study on the Processing and Simulation of End-Gear Based on CNC Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.77.

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Based on NC machining principle of hypoid gears and NC machining with high efficiency quality, This paper discusses the feasibility of the hypoid gear processing, establishes the mathematical model of face gear wheel hypoid milling machining adjustment, that will be take the basic data into vertical machining center machine tool. Through analyze the principle of the oscillating tooth face gear transmission, and compared the structure differences between face gear and bevel gear, and the realization processing method of face gear is discussed by improving the bevel gear shaper.

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Tani, Giovanni, Raffaele Bedini, Alessandro Fortunato, and Claudio Mantega. "Dynamic Hybrid Modeling of the Vertical Z Axis in a High-Speed Machining Center: Towards Virtual Machining." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 4 (February 13, 2007): 780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2738097.

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This paper describes the modeling and simulation of the Z axis of a five axis machining center for high-speed milling. The axis consists of a mechanical structure: machine head and electro-mandrel, a CNC system interfaced with the feed drive, and a pneumatic system to compensate for the weight of the vertical machine head. These subsystems were studied and modeled by means of: (1) finite element method modeling of the mechanical structure; (2) a concentrated parameter model of the kinematics of the axis; (3) a set of algebraic and logical relations to represent the loop CNC-Z feed drive; (4) an equation set to represent the functioning of the pneumatic system; and (5) a specific analytical model of the friction phenomena occurring between sliding and rotating mechanical components. These modeled subsystems were integrated to represent the dynamic behavior of the entire Z axis. The model was translated in a computer simulation package and the validation of the model was made possible by comparing the outputs of simulation runs with the records of experimental tests on the machining center. The firm which promoted and financed the research now has a virtual tool to design improved machine-tool versions with respect to present models, designed by traditional tools.

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Zhang, Chaoyang, and Pingyu Jiang. "Sustainability Evaluation of Process Planning for Single CNC Machine Tool under the Consideration of Energy-Efficient Control Strategies Using Random Forests." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113060.

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As an important part of industrialized society, manufacturing consumes a large amount of raw materials and energy, which motivates decision-makers to tackle this problem in different manners. Process planning is an important optimization method to realize the object, and energy consumption, carbon emission, or sustainability evaluation is the basis for the optimization stage. Although the evaluation research has drawn a great deal of attention, most of it neglects the influence of state control of machine tools on the energy consumption of machining processes. To address the above issue, a sustainability evaluation method of process planning for single computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool considering energy-efficient control strategies has been developed. First, four energy-efficient control strategies of CNC machine tools are constructed to reduce their energy consumption. Second, a bi-level energy-efficient decision-making mechanism using random forests is established to select appropriate control strategies for different occasions. Then, three indicators are adopted to evaluate the sustainability of process planning under the consideration of energy-efficient control strategies, i.e., energy consumption, relative delay time, and machining costs. Finally, a pedestal part machined by a 3-axis vertical milling machine tool is used to verify the proposed methods. The results show that the reduction in energy consumption considering energy-efficient control strategies reaches 25%.

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Kiliçkap, Erol, Ahmet Yardimeden, and Yahya Hışman Çelik. "Investigation of experimental study of end milling of CFRP composite." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0143.

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AbstractCarbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are materials that are difficult to machine due to the anisotropic and heterogeneous properties of the material and poor surface quality, which can be seen during the machining process. The machining of these materials causes delamination and surface roughness owing to excessive cutting forces. This causes the material not to be used. The reduction of damage and surface roughness is an important aspect for product quality. Therefore, the experimental study carried out on milling of CFRP composite material is of great importance. End milling tests were performed at CNC milling vertical machining center. In the experiments, parameters considered for the end milling of CFRP were cutting speed, feed rate, and flute number of end mill. The results showed that damage, surface roughness, and cutting forces were affected by cutting parameters and flute number of end mill. The best machining conditions were achieved at low feed rate and four-flute end mill.

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Tera, Melania, Claudia–Emilia Gîrjob, Cristina–Maria Biriș, and Mihai Crenganiș. "Modular fastening system and tool–holder working unit for incremental forming." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929905005.

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Incremental forming can be usually unfolded either on CNC milling machine–tools or serial industrial robots. The approach proposed in this paper tackles the problem of designing a modular fastening system, which can be adapted for both above mentioned technological equipment. The fastening system of the sheet–metal workpiece is composed of a fixing plate and a retaining plate. The fixing and retaining plates will be made up of different individual elements, which can be easily repositioned to obtain different sizes of the part. Moreover, the fastening system has to be able to be positioned either horizontally (to be fitted on CNC milling machines) or vertically (to be fitted on industrial robots. The paper also presents the design of a tool–holder working unit which will be fitted on KUKA KR 210 industrial robot. The working unit will be mounted as end–effector of the robot and will bear the punch, driving it on the processing toolpaths.

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Kazaal, Reem S., and Wisam K. Hamdan. "Investigation the Optimization of Machining Parameters to Surface Roughness in Free Form Surface of Composite Material." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2019.10.001.

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The aim of this research is to investigation the optimization of the machining parameters (spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, diameter of cutter and number of flutes of cutter) of surface roughness for free-form surface of composite material (Aluminum 6061 reinforced boron carbide) by using HSS uncoated flat end mill cutters which are rare use of the free-form surface. Side milling (profile) is the method used in this study by CNC vertical milling machine. The purpose of using ANFIS to obtain the better prediction of surface roughness values and decreased of the error prediction value and get optimum machining parameters by using Taguchi method for the best surface roughness at spindle speed 4500 r.p.m, 920mm/rev feed rate, 0.6mm depth of cut, 10mm diameter, 2 flute.

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Banerjee,, R. N., Kaberi Roy,, and K. N. Chakraborty,. "Computer Aided Modal and Harmonic Response Analyses of the Tool Holding Device of a Vertical CNC Milling Machine." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 10, no. 2 (April 1999): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm.1999.10.2.61.

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Miao, Huihui, Changyou Li, Chenyu Wang, Mengtao Xu, and Yimin Zhang. "The vibration analysis of the CNC vertical milling machine spindle system considering nonlinear and nonsmooth bearing restoring force." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 161 (December 2021): 107970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.107970.

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El-rahman, Abd. "Implementation of neural network for monitoring and prediction of surface roughness in a virtual end milling process of a CNC vertical milling machine." Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 4 (May 30, 2013): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jetr2013.0300.

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Jaskólski, Piotr, Krzysztof Nadolny, Krzysztof Kukiełka, Wojciech Kapłonek, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, and Shubham Sharma. "Dimensional Analysis of Workpieces Machined Using Prototype Machine Tool Integrating 3D Scanning, Milling and Shaped Grinding." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 5663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245663.

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In the literature, there are a small number of publications regarding the construction and application of machine tools that integrate several machining operations. Additionally, solutions that allow for such integration for complex operations, such as the machining of shape surfaces with complex contours, are relatively rare. The authors of this article carried out dimensional analysis of workpieces machined using a prototype Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machine tool that integrates the possibilities of 3D scanning, milling operations in three axes, and grinding operations using abrasive discs. The general description of this machine tool with developed methodology and the most interesting results obtained during the experimental studies are given. For a comparative analysis of the influence of the machining method on the geometric accuracy of the test pieces, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out. The obtained results show that for four considered features (deviations of flatness, vertical parallelism, opening dimensions, and opening cylindricality), no statistically significant differences were detected. For the evaluation criteria, the probability level p exceeded the assumed confidence level α = 0.05 and ranged from p = 0.737167 to p = 0.076764. However, such differences were found for two others—a dimensional deviation between flat surfaces (p = 0.010467) and horizontal parallelism deviation (p = 0.0)—as well as for the quality of the machined surface defined by four surface texture parameters: Ra (p = 0.831797), Rt (p = 0.759636), Rq (p = 0.867222), and Rz (p = 0.651896). The information obtained by the ANOVA will be useful for the elimination the weaknesses of the prototype machine tool, further analysis of technological strategies, and to find possible benefits of integrating machining operations.

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Skjoedt, M., M. H. Hancock, and N. Bay. "Creating Helical Tool Paths for Single Point Incremental Forming." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.583.

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Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a relatively new sheet forming process. A sheet is clamped in a rig and formed incrementally using a rotating single point tool in the form of a rod with a spherical end. The process is often performed on a CNC milling machine and the tool movement is programed using CAM software intended for surface milling. Often the function called profile milling or contour milling is applied. Using this milling function the tool only has a continuous feed rate in two directions X and Y, which is the plane of the undeformed sheet. The feed in the vertical Z direction is done in the same angular position in the XY plane along a line down the side of the work piece. This causes a scarring of the side and also results in a peak in the axial force when the tool is moved down. The present paper offers a solution to this problem. A dedicated program uses the coordinates from the profile milling code and converts them into a helical tool path with continuous feed in all three directions. Using the helical tool path the scarring is removed, the part is otherwise unchanged and a major disadvantage of using milling software for SPIF is removed. The solution is demonstrated by SPIF of three different geometries: a pyramid, a cone and a complex part.

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Rajamurugan, G., Agrawal Prajwal Sanjay, Prabu Krishnasamy, B. Muralidharan, and Sanyam Jain. "Drilling and mechanical performance analysis on flax-sisal hybrid composite embedded with perforated aluminum foil." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 23-24 (June 30, 2020): 902–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420937070.

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This paper focused on the investigation of mechanical, twist drilling performance and microstructural analysis in aluminum foil reinforced sisal flax epoxy composite. Six combinations of composite (SF1–SF6) were fabricated by hand layup method with two different orientation of circular (φ = 5 mm) geometrical patterns in aluminum foil (thickness 0.024 mm) as structural reinforcement. The mechanical properties were determined by the tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness investigation with ASTM test specimens. The machinability of the composites was studied through twist drilling operation (8 mm), and the drilling experiments were designed by the design expert 11.0. The analysis was performed on a CNC milling machine (VF-30 CNC VS) vertical milling center with the different process parameters like spindle speed (500–2000 r/min), feed rate (0.05–0.25 mm/min), and hole pitch (20, 40, and 60 mm) in sliding dry environments at room temperature. The fractured composite samples were examined through a scanning electron microscope to determine the fiber pullout, deboning, and voids between the reinforcement and matrix. The obtained results were shown that the sample with 45° staggered hole with 60 mm hole pitch (SF6) composite holds the excellent mechanical properties like tensile strength (31 MPa), flexural strength (76 MPa), impact strength (1.5 J), and hardness value (23 VHN) compared to other combinations. The effect of hole pitch and spindle speed significantly affects the circularity error.

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Abdulshahed, Ali M., Andrew P. Longstaff, and Simon Fletcher. "A cuckoo search optimisation-based Grey prediction model for thermal error compensation on CNC machine tools." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 7, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-08-2016-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to produce an intelligent technique for modelling machine tool errors caused by the thermal distortion of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools. A new metaheuristic method, the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm, based on the life of a bird family is proposed to optimize the GMC(1, N) coefficients. It is then used to predict thermal error on a small vertical milling centre based on selected sensors. Design/methodology/approach A Grey model with convolution integral GMC(1, N) is used to design a thermal prediction model. To enhance the accuracy of the proposed model, the generation coefficients of GMC(1, N) are optimized using a new metaheuristic method, called the CS algorithm. Findings The results demonstrate good agreement between the experimental and predicted thermal error. It can therefore be concluded that it is possible to optimize a Grey model using the CS algorithm, which can be used to predict the thermal error of a CNC machine tool. Originality/value An attempt has been made for the first time to apply CS algorithm for calibrating the GMC(1, N) model. The proposed CS-based Grey model has been validated and compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) based Grey model. Simulations and comparison show that the CS algorithm outperforms PSO and can act as an alternative optmization algorithm for Grey models that can be used for thermal error compensation.

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Yang, Xiao Jun, Cheng Fang Ma, Yan Li, Dun Lv, Jun Zhang, and Wan Hua Zhao. "The Analysis and Optimization of Machining Precision Based on Electromechanical Matching in High-Speed Machine Tools." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.584.

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With the development of the high-speed and high-precision CNC machine tools, the interaction between mechanical system and servo drive torque in the feed system becomes more and more serious which affects the surface quality of the workpiece. In this paper, taking a small-sized vertical milling center as the research object, the characteristics of servo torque and mechanical system are analyzed, respectively. Then the influence of electromechanical matching on the tracking fluctuation of the feed system is discussed. Furthermore, aiming at the surface roughness of the workpiece, the influence of the interaction between servo torque and mechanical system on the surface quality of the workpiece is analyzed under different milling ways. Finally, a large number of experiments are carried out to verify the analysis above. At last, the optimization methods of machining precision based on electromechanical matching are put forward. It can be found that in the high-speed machining, the servo torque has lots of harmonics which act on the mechanical system with kinds of modals, leading to the vibration. The surface quality of the workpiece will be deteriorated rapidly when the mode of vibration is consistent with the sensitive direction of machining error. The surface quality of the workpiece can be significantly improved through optimizing the feed velocity and the processing method and realizing the electromechanical matching.

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Blaga, Adrian, and Valentin Oleksik. "A Study on the Influence of the Forming Strategy on the Main Strains, Thickness Reduction, and Forces in a Single Point Incremental Forming Process." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/382635.

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This paper comprises an experimental study for a complex geometry part obtained by incremental forming. Due to the process complexity (the presence of forces on three directions—a vertical one and two in the blank's plane), a three axes CNC milling machine, capable of describing the complex paths covered by the punch for obtaining the truncated cone-shaped parts, has been chosen. To obtain a truncated cone, three different trajectories were selected: in first and second variants after each vertical press having a constant step, the punch covers a circular path. The differences show that the following circular trajectory can start at the same point or can be shifted at an angle of 90° from the previous press point. In the last variant, the punch performs a spatial spiral trajectory. The main objective of our study was to determine the optimal forming strategy, by shifting the press position of the punch and the path it follows to obtain a truncated cone through single point incremental forming. Thus, the strain distribution can be homogeneous, and the thickness reduction and the process forces are minimal.

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Al-Kayiem, H. H., A. J. Day, and H. H. Bruun. "A Computer Aided Manufacturing Procedure for Experimental Two-Dimensional Aerofoils." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 203, no. 2 (July 1989): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_064_01.

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The manufacture of experimental aerofoil sections to a specific profile is generally an expensive and time consuming part of aeronautical research. This paper describes a computer aided manufacturing procedure that has been developed for the production, in a small research engineering workshop, of experimental wing models required for investigation of the separation of flow from an NACA 4412 aerofoil section. A 2 1/2 axis CNC vertical milling machine has been programmed with coordinates generated by computer from the NACA 4412 defined profile, to produce aerofoil sections which are then built up into a wing model. The method is fast and accurate, enabling the time and cost of manufacture to be substantially reduced, at the same time improving the accuracy and quality of the model. The procedure has been developed as a computer program and is also used as a case study teaching aid in computer aided manufacture.

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Švagždytė, Ieva, and Mindaugas Jurevičius. "RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF CUTTING RATES ON MACROGEOMETRY DEFLECTIONS OF SURFACES UNDER PROCESSING COMPLEX FORM PRODUCTS MADE OF ALUMINIUM ALOYS / PJOVIMO REŽIMŲ ĮTAKOS PAVIRŠIŲ MAKROGEOMETRINIAMS NUOKRYPIAMS, APDIRBANT SUDĖTINGOS FORMOS DETALES IŠ ALIUMINIO, TYRIMAS." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 6, no. 6 (March 5, 2015): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2014.762.

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The article reviews the influence of cutting rates on macrogeometry deflection of milling complex form products and turning an outside surface. For that purpose, one of the most popular aluminium alloys 6082 has been chosen. A ball nose mill of 8 mm in diameter has been milled employing CNC vertical centre HAAS MINI MILL and applying CNC lathe HAAS ST 20 for turning. Measurements have been carried out using coordinate measuring machine DEA micro-hite DCC, applying the probe sphere of 3mm in diameter and the probe equipped with a needle. A deviation of the surface profile from tangent to therophore parabola has been investigated. The determinants R2 of the obtained regressive equation have disclosed that the depth of the cut has the biggest influence on macrogeometry deflections, whereas feed rate has a slighter influence and cutting speed has no radical influence. For the turning process, the depth of the cut has the strongest influence on circularity while cilindrisity has been mainly affected by cutting speed. Darbe atlikti tyrimai, kaip pjovimo režimai daro įtaką paviršiaus formai ir jo kokybei frezuojant sudėtingos formos detales ir tekinant išorinį paviršių. Pasirinktas vienas populiariausių aliuminio lydinių 6082. Frezuota vertikalaus apdirbimo CNC centru HAAS MINI MILL, naudota sferinė fasoninė freza, kurios skersmuo 8 mm, tekinta CNC tekinimo staklėmis HAAS ST 20, matavimai atlikti koordinatine matavimo mašina DEA micro-hite DCC, liestuko sferos skersmuo 3 mm, naudotas liestukas su adatėle. Tirtas paviršiaus profilio nukrypimas nuo glaustinės parabolės. Pagal gautus regresinės lygties determinantus R2 paaiškėjo, kad didžiausią įtaką profilio nuokrypiams turi pjovimo gylis, mažesnę įtaką turi pastūma, pjovimo greitis esminės įtakos neturi. Tekinant, apskritumui labiausiai įtaką darė pjovimo gylis, o cilindriškumui – pjovimo greitis.

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Amin, A. K. M. Nurul, Suhaily Mokhtar, and Muammer Din Arif. "Analysis of Machinability of Inconel 718 in High Speed End Milling with Ceramic Inserts under Room Temperature Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1351.

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Inconel 718 is used for high-temperature applications in aerospace, nuclear, and automotive industries due to its resistance, at high temperatures, to corrosion, fatigue, creep, oxidation, and deformation. Unfortunately, these same qualities also impair its machinability and researchers have investigated on ways to machine it economically. Some unconventional machining practices such as: Plasma Enhanced and Laser Assisted Machining etc. have been applied. However these practices increase the machining cost. This research investigated the viability of high speed end milling of Inconel 718 using circular Silicon Nitride (ceramic) inserts under room temperature conditions. Tool wear (flank and notch wear), machining vibration amplitude and average surface roughness were evaluated for the feasibility analysis. A vertical CNC mill was used to machine Inconel 718 samples using different combinations of three primary machining parameters: cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Vibration data acquisition device and Datalog DasyLab 5.6 software were used to analyze machining vibration. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and surface profilometer were utilized to measure tool (flank and notch) wear and surface roughness, respectively. It was observed that the machining vibrations, in high speed machining, was reasonable (0.045 V on the average). This resulted in acceptable tool wear (averages: flank wear = 0.25 mm, notch wear = 0.45 mm) and semi-finished surface roughness (0.30 µm) measured after every 30 mm length of cut. Thus, room temperature high speed machining of Inconel 718 using circular silicon nitride inserts is a practical option.

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Sathish, T., and N. Sabarirajan. "Synthesis and Optimization of AA 7175 – Zirconium Carbide (ZrC) Composites Machining Parameters." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v24i1.a06.

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The airline sector mostly preferable material as aluminium and its alloy due to light weight and better resistance combatant for environmental factors. In this work mainly focusing to fabricate the aluminium matrix composites and reducing the surface roughness value of the specimen in the machining process. Initially the AA7175 with reinforcement of zirconium carbide (ZrC) particles are synthesized by the route of stir casting process, the stirring deed improve the material strength. The Design of experiments is involved to optimize the machining (CNC vertical milling) parameters such as Spindle rotational speed (2000 rpm, 2400 rpm and 2800 rpm), Machine feed rate (1000 mm/min, 1400 mm/min and 1800 mm/min) and depth of cut (0.3mm, 0.6 mm and 0.9 mm). The L 27 orthogonal array model is conducted to optimize the factors with the help of Minitab numerical analysis. This approach finds the optimal factors and reduces the surface roughness value, the microstructure examine is carried out and its image is translated to analyze the 3D profilometry technique.

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Bedan, Aqeel Sabree, and Halah Ali Habeeb. "Experimental Study the Effect of Tool Geometry on Dimensional Accuracy in Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) Process." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes21010108.

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Incremental forming is a flexible sheet metal forming process which performed by utilizes simple tools to locally deform a sheet of metal along a predefined tool path without using of dies. One limitations of single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is the error occur between the CAD design and the product profile. This work presents the single point incremental forming process for produced pyramid geometry and studied the effect of tool geometry, tool diameter, wall angle, and spindle speed on the dimensional accuracy. Three geometries of forming tools were used in experimental work: ball end tool, hemispherical tool, and flat with round corner tool. The sheet material used was pure Aluminum (Al 1050) with thickness of (0.9 mm). The experimental tests in this work were done on the computer numerical control (CNC) vertical milling machine. The products dimensions were measured by utilized the dimensional sensor measuring instrument. The extracted results from the single point incremental forming process indicated the best acceptance between the CAD profile and product profile was found with the ball end tool and diameter of (10 mm), wall angle (50°) and the rotational speed of the tool was (800 rpm).

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Li, Jian Guang, Jin Guang Du, and Ying Xue Yao. "A Comparison of Dry and Wet Machining of SiC Particle-Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.168.

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This paper explains and demonstrates the machinability of dry and wet machining of SiC particle-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites based on the experiments. The plunge surface experiments with mill-grinding method under wheel peripheral speed of up to 14.13m/s, feed rate 80mm/min and depth of cutting 50μm were carried out on a vertical CNC milling machine. The comparisons of dry and wet machining on the force composites and surface roughness (Ra) versus material removal volume were studied. The material removal volume was gained with the same machining parameters after an equal period of time. In most cases, the tangential mill-grinding force values are greater in wet machining condition than that in dry condition. But for normal mill-grinding force, the Fn values are much greater in dry machining condition than that in wet condition. And the normal mill-grinding force in wet machining increased quickly with increasing material removal volume. A better surface finish can be produced in dry machining than that produced by wet machining. The surface roughness decreased slowly with the increasing material removal volume and the surface roughness shows an insignificant decreasing trend in wet machining.

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Suhaily, Mokhtar, A. K. M. Nurul Amin, and Anayet Ullah Patwari. "Machinability Improvement by Workpiece Preheating during End Milling AISI H13 Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.888.

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Surface finish and dimensional accuracy is one of the most important requirements in machining process. Inconel 718 has been widely used in the aerospace industries. High speed machining (HSM) is capable of producing parts that require little or no grinding/lapping operations within the required machining tolerances. In this study small diameter tools are used to achieve high rpm to facilitate the application of low values of feed and depths of cut to investigate better surface finish in high speed machining of Inconel 718. This paper describes mathematically the effect of cutting parameters on Surface roughness in high speed end milling of Inconel 718. The mathematical model for the surface roughness has been developed in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut using design of experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design was employed in developing the surface roughness models in relation to primary cutting parameters. Machining were performed using CNC Vertical Machining Center (VMC) with a HES510 high speed machining attachment in which using a 4mm solid carbide fluted flat end mill tool. Wyko NT1100 optical profiler was used to measure the definite machined surface for obtaining the surface roughness data. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental one and hence the model can be efficiently used to predict the surface roughness value with in the specified cutting conditions limit.

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Eladawi, A. E., E. S. Gadelmawla, I. M. Elewa, and A. A. Abdel-Shafy. "An application of computer vision for programming computer numerical control machines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503322420241.

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Generation of the part programs, or tool paths, for products to be manufactured by computer numerical control (CNC) machines is very important. Many methods have been used to produce part programs, ranging from manual calculations to computer aided design/ manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. This work introduces a new technique for generating the part programs of existing products using the latest technology of computer vision. The proposed vision system is applicable for two-dimensional vertical milling CNC machines and is calibrated to produce both metric and imperial dimensions. Two steps are used to generate the part program. In the first step, the vision system is used to capture an image for the product to be manufactured. In the second step, the image is processed and analysed by software specially written for this purpose. The software CNCVision is fully written (in lab) using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. It is ready to run on any Windows environment. The CNCVision software processes the captured images and applies computer vision techniques to extract the product dimensions, then generates a suitable part program. All required information for the part program is calculated automatically, such as G-codes, X and Y coordinates of start-points and end-points, radii of arcs and circles and direction of arcs (clockwise or counterclockwise). The generated part program can be displayed on screen, saved to a file or sent to MS Word or MS Excel. In addition, the engineering drawing of the product can be displayed on screen or sent to AutoCAD as a drawing file.

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Nakandhrakumar, Ramasamay S., D. Dinakaran, S. Satishkumar, and M. Gopal. "Influence of Sensor Positioning in Tool Condition Monitoring of Drilling Process through Vibration Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.564.

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In this study, the relationship between vibration and tool wear and also influence of sensor positioning in tool codition monitoring were investigated during drilling. For this purpose, a series of experiment were conducted in a CNC vertical milling machine using drilling cycle. A 6 mm diameter HSS drill and EN24 as workpiece material were used in these experiments. The vibration was measured in the transverse direction of sensor which is positioned on the workpiece with constant distance from the holes to be drilled for monitoring tool wear as in previous studies. But, positioning of sensor in a constant place with equal distance from all holes to be drilled is not possible for all the workpiece profiles in actual practice. Experiments show that the distance of sensor from the holes in drilling affects the vibration signals for the same state of wear.It shows that the tool wear models presented in previous studies using acceleration signals are sensor location dependent. This work presents a Variance-amplitude of the vibration signals received for tool condition monitoring which is the most sensitive statistical parameter than other statistical parameters such as Root Mean Square (RMS), Exponential, Peak, max-min, mean and standard deviation. Results showed that there was no considerable increase in the vibration amplitude of variance until flank wear value of 0.30 mm was reached, above which the vibration amplitude increased significantly.

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Abu-Mahfouz, Issam, Amit Banerjee, and Esfakur Rahman. "Evolutionary Optimization of Machining Parameters Based on Surface Roughness in End Milling of Hot Rolled Steel." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195494.

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Surface roughness measurements of machined parts are usually performed off-line after the completion of the machining operation. The objective of this work is to develop a surface roughness prediction method based on the processing of vibration signals during steel end milling operation performed on a vertical CNC machining center. The milling cuts were run under varying conditions (such as the spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut). This is a first step in the attempt to develop an online milling process monitoring system. The study presented here involves the analysis of vibration signals using statistical time parameters, frequency spectrum, and time-frequency wavelet decomposition. The analysis resulted in the extraction of 245 features that were used in the evolutionary optimization study to determine optimal cutting conditions based on the measured surface roughness of the milled specimen. Three feature selection methods were used to reduce the extracted feature set to smaller subsets, followed by binarization using two binarization methods. Three evolutionary algorithms—a genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and two variants, differential evolution and one of its variants, have been used to identify features that relate to the “best” surface finish measurements. These optimal features can then be related to cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut). It is shown that the differential evolution and its variant performed better than the particle swarm optimization and its variants, and both differential evolution and particle swarm optimization perform better than the canonical genetic algorithm. Significant differences are found in the feature selection methods too, but no difference in performance was found between the two binarization methods.

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Khryachkov, K. Yu. "THE STUDY OF THE PROCES OF HOBBING OF WORM GEAR SHAVER LATERAL SURFACES." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-3-39-44.

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Worm gear shavers are used for finishing hob gears. The incisions on the lateral surfaces can be rectilinear (they are obtained by grooving at point blank range - their manufacture is labour-consuming, it is impossible to finish the gear tooth with a special profile in the conditions of individual production), have a curvilinear shape (hypocycloid), and also be made in the form of a system of holes (utility model patent No. 102111). According to the design of the worm gear shaver under study (utility model patent No. 38125 [1]), clearance grooves of a hypocycloid shape are cut on lateral surfaces. The shape of the incisions is due to the continuity of the generating process. Clearance grooves of this shape can be cut using vertical turning mills with end cutter, but in this case the grooves vary in depth and ‘undercutting’ or ‘cutting’ of the edge can occur. Using CNC machines, it is possible to cut the grooves more accurately with end cutter. For cutting the grooves of the hypocycloidal shape, the following equipment was used: Fanuc Robodrill α-T21i machine with a Nikken rotary table, an end five-tooth milling cutter. Processing takes place due to the mutually controlled motion of the cutter and of the workpiece. The processing of the worm gear is carried out applying standard technology. The are no recommendations concerning the choice of the geometric parameters of the grooves, therefore a worm gear m = 10 was used for modelling worm gear shaver and for designing grooves cutting and the parameters of the worm gear shaver were taken from [2]. When cutting grooves using a СТС machine, it is possible to avoid inaccuracy in edges but a facetting occurs. When examining the size of facetting of the grooves of the worm gear shaver, it can be determined using the same technique applied when determining the facetting when processing the involute of the gear wheel. To study the faceting there was a need its mathematical definition. Based on the provisions of differential geometry, formulas for faceting calculation were derived.

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Kusyi, Yaroslav, Andrij Kuk, Volodymyr Topilnytskyy, Dariya Rebot, and Mykhailo Bojko. "Influence of constructive and geometric parameters of the end cutters on the microprofile characteristics of casting surfaces." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 1(58) (April 30, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.229180.

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The object of research is the technological route of machining of an aluminum alloy casting. The research carried out is based on the basic principles of functionally oriented design of technological processes in the manufacture of products. The main hypothesis of the study is the need for a systematic approach to study the effect of cutting modes of a certain method of machining on the provision of quality parameters in the technological system (machine – device – tool – workpiece). In traditional automated systems for technological preparation of production, an object-oriented principle of designing technological processes is implemented, which provides for the step-by-step implementation of interrelated stages based on a prototyping algorithm without a functional analysis of the operational characteristics of the product. The processing of functional, mating surfaces, ensuring that the product performs its service purpose, must be implemented according to the principle of function-oriented design (FODT). A characteristic feature of FOT is the technological provision of effective operational characteristics of the product in compliance with the parameters of accuracy and quality of the surface layer of the product intended by the designer. The paper deals with the influence of the structural and geometric parameters of end mills manufactured by Sandvick (Sandviken, Sweden) on the formation of microrelief parameters of an aluminum alloy casting profile during machining on a numerically controlled vertical milling center (CNC) HAAS MINIMILL (USA). An atypical option for the FOT principle of the technological route of machining the surfaces of workpieces of machine-building products has been applied. Its feature is ignoring the requirements of the manufacturer of metal-cutting tools, which is an important element of the technological system (machine – tool – device – workpiece), regarding its use for a particular machine tool at a certain technological transition of machining. The performance criteria were the height and step characteristics of the microrelief of the profile of the surface layer of the workpiece being processed. The operating conditions of machine-building products have been determined, which make it possible to establish, in case of deviation from the manufacturer's recommendations at the stage of technological preparation of production, the rational elements of a certain technological system: a metal-cutting machine – a device – a metal-cutting tool – a workpiece and processing modes to ensure the necessary operational characteristics.

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Bedan, Aqeel S. Sabree, and Halah Ali H. Habeeb. "An Investigation Study of Tool Geometry in Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) and their effect on Residual Stresses Using ANOVA Model." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 14, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2018.11.001.

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Incremental forming is a flexible sheet metal forming process which is performed by utilizing simple tools to locally deform a sheet of metal along a predefined tool path without using of dies. This work presents the single point incremental forming process for producing pyramid geometry and studies the effect of tool geometry, tool diameter, and spindle speed on the residual stresses. The residual stresses were measured by ORIONRKS 6000 test measuring instrument. This instrument was used with four angles of (0º,15º,30º, and 45º) and the average value of residual stresses was determined, the value of the residual stress in the original blanks was (10.626 MPa). The X-ray diffraction technology was used to measure the residual stresses. The sheet material used was Aluminum alloy (AL1050) with thickness of (0.9 mm). The experimental tests in this work were done on the computer numerical control (CNC) vertical milling machine. The extracted results from the single point incremental forming process were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to predict the effect of forming parameters on the residual stresses. The optimum value of the residual stresses (55.024 MPa) was found when using the flat end with round corner tool and radius of (3 mm), wall angle of (55°) and a rotational speed of the tool of (800 rpm). The minimum value of the residual stresses (24.389MPa) was found when using hemispherical tool with diameter of (12 mm), wall angle of (45°) and a rotational speed of the tool of (800 rpm).

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Suhaily, Mokhtar, A. K. M. Nurul Amin, and Anayet Ullah Patwari. "Prediction of Surface Roughness in High Speed Machining of Inconel 718." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1193.

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Surface finish and dimensional accuracy is one of the most important requirements in machining process. Inconel 718 has been widely used in the aerospace industries. High speed machining (HSM) is capable of producing parts that require little or no grinding/lapping operations within the required machining tolerances. In this study small diameter tools are used to achieve high rpm to facilitate the application of low values of feed and depths of cut to investigate better surface finish in high speed machining of Inconel 718. This paper describes mathematically the effect of cutting parameters on Surface roughness in high speed end milling of Inconel 718. The mathematical model for the surface roughness has been developed in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut using design of experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design was employed in developing the surface roughness models in relation to primary cutting parameters. Machining were performed using CNC Vertical Machining Center (VMC) with a HES510 high speed machining attachment in which using a 4mm solid carbide fluted flat end mill tool. Wyko NT1100 optical profiler was used to measure the definite machined surface for obtaining the surface roughness data. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental one and hence the model can be efficiently used to predict the surface roughness value with in the specified cutting conditions limit.

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Isa, Halim, M. A. Rahman, Hasan Hazmilah, Haeryip Sihombing, Adi Saptari, Abu Bakar Baharudin, and Ahmad Syaheera. "Ergonomic Design of CNC Milling Machine for Safe Working Posture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.60.

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In milling operation, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling machine has been recognized as one of effective solutions for high productivity, efficiency, and precision. However, the existing CNC milling machine has contributed to ergonomics-related problems such as awkward working posture. The aim of this study is to redesign the existing CNC milling machine by considering working posture of the machinist. This study performed questionnaire survey to determine ergonomics feature requirements from the machinist. The requirements of the machinist are then translated using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to obtain technical specifications of new design CNC milling machine. The working posture of machinist during operating the existing CNC milling machine and the redesigned CNC milling machine was assessed using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Based on the analysis, the redesigned CNC milling machine has improved the working posture as shown by low score of RULA. This study concluded that by considering the ergonomics feature requirements to the design of CNC milling machine enabled the machinists to perform milling operation in safe working posture. This study suggests that environmental factors should be considered in the future research works.

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Cao, Shu Kun, Shang Wei Yang, Xiu Sheng Chen, Gui Cong Wang, and Wei Wei Song. "Milling Machine Design Based on Open CNC System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.887.

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Completed structure of milling machine design based on open CNC system through the combination of multi-axis motion controller and the way of NC embedded PC. The traditional CNC milling machine combined with technology of many aspects of Precision machinery, electronics, electric drive, automatic control, automatic detection, and computer and so on. High-precision high efficiency and high flexibility of the CNC milling machine makes it has more widely applications. But there are some problems, for example, based on the traditional CNC milling system for work-piece processing is also not very convenient, and traditional CNC system must be G code programming first, then process work-piece, in addition, as the closed nature of traditional CNC systems, products of hardware and software of the CNC manufacturers are not compatible, and system’s training and maintenance costs much, we put forward the open CNC system, then we start to research and analysis the Milling Machine Design Based On Open CNC System.

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Zhang, Ming Kai, and Jun Fang Ni. "CNC Transformation of X502 Milling Machine." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2072.

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NC transformation of milling machine not only reduces the investment cost, but also improves the machining accuracy of machine components and productivity. This paper presents NC transformation of X502 milling machine, the main researches include the mechanical parts of the transformation plan, the calculation and selection of key mechanical components such as reduction gears, ball screws and stepper motors. According to requirements for the machine control system, electrical system is improved, the proper CNC system is also chosen. After transformation, X502 milling machine is promoted greatly and obtains excellent efficiencies and effectiveness in use.

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Dias, Nuno, Hugo Alvarinhas, André Quintã, and José Santos. "WEB ENABLED CNC MILLING MACHINE CONTROL." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 3 (2006): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060517-3-fr-2903.00377.

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J, Junaidi. "Working process of TU 3a CNC frais machine using software system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i3.29682.

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This workpiece process is: to find out how to transfer images from Auto CAD software to the Q plus CELL Milling Cnc software, and to find out how to transfer programs from the CNC Milling QELL KELLER software to the TU 3A CNC milling machine. The making of this workpiece uses three main media, namely Auto CAD 2000 software, CNC Milling KELLER Q plus software, and TU 3A CNC milling machine. The process of making the workpiece starts from making the workpiece design in Auto CAD software which is then stored on the CDR via DFX data. The design of the workpiece contained in the CDR is then transferred to CNC Millling KELLER Q plus software via Geometry. in Geometry, the design of the workpiece is dimensioned. Completed from the Geometry the workpiece design is included in the Work plan to be processed so that it can be simulated to move to a CNC program to convert the graphical language into a numeric language so that it can be read by a CNC machine. The programming results from the CNC KELLER Q plus software are then recorded to be executed on the CNC TU 3A milling machine to obtain the workpiece in accordance with the design in AutoCAD. Programming results from CNC Milling KELLER Q plus software cannot be directly used on the TU 3A milling machine (EMCO), because the programming language used is different. Programming language in CNC Milling KELLER Q plus software uses the DIN 66025 standard, while the CNC TU 3A (EMCO) milling machine uses ISO standards, so it needs to be converted first.

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Zhu, Cheng Jun, Qi Shu Qin, and Peng Er Bao. "The Study of the Multi-Body System Theory on Basis of CNC Milling Machine Error." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1304.

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CNC machine, especially CNC milling machine, is the main production equipment in the industries of machinery, iron and steel, automobile manufacturing and so on. However, the errors are the main constraints to the processing quality and the precision measurement of CNC machine. Based on the multi-body system theory, the article models the error of Siemens CNC milling machine. In terms of the analysis of the error model, it is argued that the processing precision of CNC milling machine can be improved through controlling and compensating the error in the process of installation and manufacturing.

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Zhu, Cheng Jun, Qi Shu Qin, and Peng Er Bao. "The Study of the Multi-Body System Theory on Basis of CNC Milling Machine Error." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.444.

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CNC machine, especially CNC milling machine, is the main production equipment in the industries of machinery, iron and steel, automobile manufacturing and so on. However, the errors are the main constraints to the processing quality and the precision measurement of CNC machine. Based on the multi-body system theory, the article models the error of Siemens CNC milling machine. In terms of the analysis of the error model, it is argued that the processing precision of CNC milling machine can be improved through controlling and compensating the error in the process of installation and manufacturing.

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Zhang, Lin, Wen He Liao, and Hui Yang. "A New Miniaturized CNC Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3259.

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Abstract:

A miniaturized CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) milling machining equipment was mentioned for micro milling processing. The equipment has a highest spindle speed of 90000rpm and the positioning accuracy of submicron. Furthermore, it described the design of CNC servo system of precision stage driven by linear motor. The servo experiments results verified the excellent static and dynamic performance of the system. The machining tests included a plane with a surface roughness of 215nm using a end milling cutter of Φ0.2μm, micro straight slots with a dimension error range of 1-2μm using a ball-end cutter of Φ0.2μm and some complex structures. The analysis results of these tests show that the system is able to fulfill the micro milling machining of micro components.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CNC vertical milling machine'

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