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Journal articles on the topic 'CNC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Singh, Sareena, Justin Himler, Christa I. Nagel, and Kimberly Resnick. "The Prognostic Value of Baseline Lymphocyte, Neutrophil, and Monocyte Counts in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma Treated with Radiation." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8584605.

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Background. To determine the prognostic significance of pretreatment levels of circulating lymphocyte (CLC), neutrophil (CNC), and monocyte (CMC) counts in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma (CC) treated with definitive radiation.Methods. A retrospective, dual-institution review of patients with Stage IB2-IVA CC from 2005 to 2015. Progression-free (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) were determined for high and low CLC, CNC, and CMC groups. Multivariate analysis was used to confirm prognostic value of baseline leukocyte counts.Results. 181 patients were included. Median follow-up time was 26 (3–89) months. CNC had no effect on PFS or OS. PFS was similar between CMC groups; however, OS was significantly improved for patients with low CMC (62.5 versus 45.3 months,p=0.016). High CLC was associated with improved PFS (48.5 versus 27.8 months,p=0.048) and OS (58.4 versus 34.9 months,p=0.048). On multivariate analysis, high CNC was associated with increased relapse risk (HR 1.12,p=0.006) and low CLC was associated with increased mortality risk (HR 0.67,p=0.027).Conclusion. This study demonstrates that leukocyte values can provide prognostic information in CC. These hypothesis-generating findings warrant further prospective investigations.
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Popescu, Maria-Cristina, Bianca-Ioana Dogaru, and Carmen-Mihaela Popescu. "Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals Nanofiller on the Structure and Sorption Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose–Glycerol–Cellulose Nanocrystals Nanocomposite Systems." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132900.

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Biobased materials present a great interest due to their properties and biodegradability. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) nanofiller, in various amounts, was incorporated into a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)–glycerol (G) matrix in order to obtain nanocomposite systems with improved properties. The effect of the nanofiller on the structural features was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, principal component analysis (PCA), two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), and X-ray diffraction, while the sorption properties were evaluated by water vapor isotherms using the gravimetric method coupled with infrared spectroscopy. We observed the presence of the interactions taking place between the CMC-G and CNC involving the hydroxyl and carboxylate groups, which decreased the number of water sorption sites. Following this, the moisture content in the nanocomposite films decreased with the increase in the amount of CNC. Moreover, the bands associated to water molecules presented different wavenumber values separated for CMC-G and CNC components.
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da Fonseca, Jessica Heline Lopes. "Cellulose Nanocrystals As a Key in Wearable Sensors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 63 (December 22, 2023): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02633002mtgabs.

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In recent years, the development of cellulose-based inks for 3D printing has received significant interest due to numerous cellulose and its derivatives properties [1], [2]. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is an anionic water-soluble cellulose derivative widely used as superabsorbent hydrogels [3]. Another cellulose derivative is cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), a rod-like nanoparticle that can be applied for the mechanical strengthening of hydrogels and also presents potential use in several applications in the biomedical field [2], [4]. Based on this, we have proposed to investigate if CMC and CNC mixtures result in cellulose-based nanocomposite gels suitable for extrusion printing of wearable sensors. Interactions between CNC and CMC resulted in physical gels, where rheological properties and extrusion printing parameters' effects were studied. A Modular Compact Rheometer (Anton Paar MCR-102, Austria) with a plate-plate geometry (50 mm diameter and 1 mm gap) at 25 °C was used to perform rheological measurements. Extrusion printing was performed on the customized 3DCloner Lab printer using a 22G nozzle tip of 25 mm in length and a diameter of 0.70 mm (Injex, Brazil). Gels presented shear-thinning, solid-like viscoelastic behavior, viscosity recovery, and continuous filaments obtained during printing. Moreover, the alignment of rod-like CNC during the printing process can be a key to improving properties. Tests with different print and extrusion speeds evidenced the influence of the wearable sensor's geometry and mechanical properties. Moreover, the low cytotoxicity of CMC/CNC crosslinked hydrogels was confirmed through an MTT assay of fibroblasts. Further testing is being conducted to evaluate the self-healing and conductive properties of the sensors by external stimuli. Moreover, low cytotoxicity to CMC/CNC crosslinked hydrogels was confirmed through an MTT assay of fibroblasts. External stimuli are being applied to evaluate the self-healing and conductive of the sensor printed.
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4

Czakaj, Agnieszka, Emmanouil Chatzigiannakis, Jan Vermant, Marcel Krzan, and Piotr Warszyński. "The Influence of the Surface Chemistry of Cellulose Nanocrystals on Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate Foam Stability." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 5402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245402.

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Guanidine-based surfactant ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) form complexes of enhanced surface activity when compared to pure surfactants. The LAE-CNC mixtures show enhanced foaming properties. The dynamic thin-film balance technique (DTFB) was used to study the morphology, drainage and rupture of LAE-CNC thin liquid films under constant driving pressure. A total of three concentrations of surfactant and the corresponding mixtures of LAE with sulfated (sCNC) and carboxylated (cCNC) cellulose nanocrystals were studied. The sCNC and cCNC suspension with LAE formed thin films, with stability increasing with surfactant concentration and with complex rheological properties. In the presence of LAE, the aggregation of CNC was observed. While the sCNC aggregates were preferentially present in the film volume with a small fraction at the surface, the cCNC aggregates, due to their higher hydrophobicity, were preferentially located at film interfaces, forming compact layers. The presence of both types of aggregates decreased the stability of the thin liquid film compared to the one for the LAE solution with the same concentration. The addition of CNC to LAE was critical for foam formation, and foam stability was in qualitative agreement with the thin films’ lifetimes. The foam volume increased with the LAE concentration. However, there was an optimum surfactant concentration to achieve stable foam. In particular, the very resistant foam was obtained with cCNC suspensions that formed the interfaces with a complex structure and rheology. On the other hand, at high LAE concentrations, the aggregates of CNC may exhibit antifoaming properties
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5

Fatriyana, Maya. "CNC PROGRAM AND PROGRAMMING OF CNC MACHINE." Journal of Mechanical Science and Engineering 7, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jmse.v7i1.37.

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A programming to make parts are CNC Programming (Computer Numerical Control Programming) for machines. An NC program consists of a sequence of instructions that control the motion and automatic sequences of an NC Machine to perform a particular processing task. In a general sense, the term NC programming refers to the creation of control data for machining workpieces on NC and CNC machines. NC programming has a decisive influence on the cost-effectiveness and profitability of NC manufacturing. The selection of a programming system is mostly guided by the need for software that is suitable for the application at hand, readily available, and as universally applicable as possible.
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6

Yang, Seung-Yeop, Kyoung-Mo Jeong, Jong-Myoung Won, and Yong-Kyu Lee. "Effect of Surface Coating of CNC and CNC/Starch on Surface Properties and Barrier Properties." Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 51, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7584/jktappi.2019.02.51.1.64.

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7

von Finckenstein, E., and H. Dierig. "CNC-Drücken." CIRP Annals 39, no. 1 (1990): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61050-6.

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8

Voaden, G. W. "Decoding CNC." Production Engineer 68, no. 1 (1988): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/tpe.1988.0259.

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9

Laika, A. "CNC-Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 47, no. 4 (April 1989): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02614473.

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10

Oliveira da Silva, Sandro, and Ramilio Ramalho Reis Filho. "TORNO CNC." Revista Interface Tecnológica 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31510/infa.v19i1.1364.

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Este artigo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica, que tem como intuito apresentar o torno CNC (comando numérico computadorizado) sua evolução, características e implicações no setor de usinagem. Ao longo do trabalho será discorrido, sobre a criação do mesmo, rudimentares a princípio onde as operações baseavam-se na habilidade do torneiro. À medida que a humanidade evolui no quesito tecnológico, e pela necessidade de se adequar à nova realidade frente ao mundo globalizado surgiu o torno com comando numérico computadorizado. Importante ferramenta no processo fabril no setor de usinagem, devido à alta precisão com que realiza o torneamento e dimensionamentos de peças complexas com menores incidências de erros, perda de tempo e dinheiro ao longo do processo, cumprimento de prazos e qualidade dos produtos de acordo com as exigências dos clientes. Tais fatores contribuem para que o setor de usinagem, importante atividade, considerada um dos processos de fabricação mais popular no mundo se tornem competitivo mediante a concorrência. No geral as pesquisas comprovaram a eficiência do torno CNC contudo, tem que considerar o tipo de empresa e produção, relacionando o custo benefício como proposta futura que haja maior interesse em novas publicações acerca do referido assunto.
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11

Yinsheng, Wan. "Influence of CNC Tools on CNC Machining Technology." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 569 (August 9, 2019): 032043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/569/3/032043.

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12

Yadav, Mithilesh, Yu-Kuo Liu, and Fang-Chyou Chiu. "Fabrication of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Silver/Alginate Bionanocomposite Films with Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Properties for Food Packaging Application." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111523.

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Eco-friendly cellulose nanocrystal/silver/alginate (CNC/Ag/Alg) bionanocomposite films were successfully prepared by blending of CNC with Ag/Alg solution. The CNC was fabricated from cellulose microcrystal (CMC) by acid hydrolysis method. The Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were generated by using Alg as a reducing agent through hydrothermal process. AgNPs-included composite films showed characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption at 491 nm and they also showed high ultraviolet (UV) barrier properties. The CNC/Ag/Alg composite films were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. Depending on the type of nanofillers, tensile strength of the composite films increased by 39–57% and water vapor permeation decreased by 17–36% compared with those of the neat Alg films. The Ag/Alg and CNC/Ag/Alg films showed brown color as detected from the increase of both ‘b’ and ‘a’ parameters by colorimeter. The UV and water barrier properties of Alg based composite films were found higher than the Alg films. The obtained results suggested that the prepared composite films can be used in food packaging applications.
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13

Yang, J., R. Jaenicke, and V. Dreiling. "A continuous nozzle CNC for CN and CCN counting." Journal of Aerosol Science 31 (September 2000): 809–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(00)90819-x.

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14

Decotignie, J. D. "Fieldbus and CNC architecture: Towards a CNC software factory." Computer Standards & Interfaces 21, no. 2 (June 1999): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)92058-5.

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15

Liu, Lisi, Yingxue Yao, and Jianjun Du. "A universal and scalable CNC interpreter for CNC systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 103, no. 9-12 (May 28, 2019): 4453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03913-w.

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16

Parajuli, Sanjiv, Mohammad Jahid Hasan, and Esteban E. Ureña-Benavides. "Effect of the Interactions between Oppositely Charged Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) and Chitin Nanocrystals (ChNCs) on the Enhanced Stability of Soybean Oil-in-Water Emulsions." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 6673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196673.

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Chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been recently used to stabilize emulsions; however, they generally require significant amounts of salt, limiting their applicability in food products. In this study, we developed nanoconjugates by mixing positively charged ChNCs and negatively charged CNCs at various ChNC:CNC mass ratios (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2), and utilized them in stabilizing soybean oil–water Pickering emulsions with minimal use of NaCl salt (20 mM) and nanoparticle (NP) concentrations below 1 wt%. The nanoconjugates stabilized the emulsions better than individual CNC or ChNC in terms of a reduced drop growth and less creaming. Oppositely charged CNC and ChNC neutralized each other when their mass ratio was 1:1, leading to significant flocculation in the absence of salt at pH 6. Raman spectroscopy provided evidence for electrostatic interactions between the ChNCs and CNCs, and generated maps suggesting an assembly of ChNC bundles of micron-scale lengths intercalated by similar-size areas predominantly composed of CNC. The previous measurements, in combination with contact angles on nanoparticle films, suggested that the conjugates preferentially exposed the hydrophobic crystalline planes of CNCs and ChNCs at a 1:1 mass ratio, which was also the best ratio at stabilizing soybean oil–water Pickering emulsions.
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17

Franco, Luis A., T. Dwyer Stuart, Md Shahadat Hossain, Bandaru V. Ramarao, Charlene C. VanLeuven, Mario Wriedt, Michael Satchwell, and Deepak Kumar. "Apple Pomace-Derived Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals for PFAS Removal from Contaminated Water." Processes 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12020297.

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are concerning contaminants due to their ubiquity, persistence, and toxicity. Conventional PFAS water treatments such as granular activated carbon are limited by low adsorption rates and capacities. Carbon-based nano-adsorbents with enhanced surface areas address these limitations but are hindered by their high cost and toxicity. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are promising PFAS adsorbents due to sustainable sourcing, large surface areas, and amenable surface properties. In this study, CNC was synthesized from the agro-food waste, apple pomace (APCNC), and coated with Moringa oleifera cationic protein (MOCP) aqueous extract to produce MOCP/APCNC for the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. APCNC and MOCP/APCNC were manufactured, characterized, and utilized in PFOA batch adsorption kinetics and equilibrium trials. APCNC was successfully produced from apple pomace (AP) and determined through characterization and comparison to commercial CNC (CCNC). APCNC and MOCP/APCNC exhibited rapid PFOA adsorption, approaching equilibrium within 15 min. MOCP coatings inverted the MOCP/CNC surface charge to cationic (−15.07 to 7.38 mV) and enhanced the PFOA adsorption rate (2.65 × 10−3 to 5.05 × 10−3 g/mg/s), capacity (47.1 to 61.1 mg/g), and robustness across varied water qualities. The sustainable sourcing of APCNC combined with a green surface coating to produce MOCP/CNC provides a highly promising environmentally friendly approach to PFAS remediation.
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Zheng, De Rong, Jin Wei Fan, and Xiao Xia Liang. "Research on Reliability Growth Technology of CNC Grinding Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.522.

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Based on the collected data to carry on the analysis, found that the CNC system in the CNC grinding machine fault rate, a large part of the station, the reliability growth of CNC system is studied in the paper, CNC system parameter selecting principles of reliability growth are particularly discussed. CNC system reliability ideal growth curve is settled to CNC system reliability, Thus increasing CNC system to improve the reliability of CNC grinder machine reliability is of great significance.
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Volosatova, Anastasia D., Svetlana V. Kameneva, and Vladimir I. Feldman. "Formation and interconversion of CCN and CNC radicals resulting from the radiation-induced decomposition of acetonitrile in solid noble gas matrices." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 24 (2019): 13014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07896c.

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ZHAO, GUOYONG, and YUGANG ZHAO. "MULTI-AXIS LINKED SERVO SYSTEM CONTOURING ERROR CONTROL APPROACH BASED ON NURBS CURVE INTERPOLATION." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 10, no. 01 (June 2011): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021968671100193x.

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The contouring precision of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools relates to whether the dynamic performances among all the axes match or not. In general, the cross-coupled controller (CCC) is a more efficient approach to enhance contouring precision than single-axis servo controller. Note that the contouring error CCC can not be separated from pathway programming in multi-axis linked servo system. In order to obtain satisfied contouring precision, the CCC approach connected with non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) curve interpolation is researched in detail in the paper. Above all, an "arc approximation algorithm" contouring error computing model is developed, according to the real cutter positions from each axis feedback and the interpolation dots stored in the interpolation buffer. Then the contouring error correction quantity PI control and distribution algorithm is put forward by introducing a zoom coefficient. The contrast experimental results on the CNC experiment table show that the developed CCC approach can reduce contouring error and improve tracking performance further.
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21

Suyetno, Agus. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Simulator CNC Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Kuliah CNC Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Negeri Malang." Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Pembelajaran 5, no. 1 (June 5, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um054v5i1p7-16.

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Abstrak: Swansoft CNC Simulator adalah program simulator CNC yang terdiri berbagai jenis tipe mesin CNC dan berfungsi sebagaimana mesin CNC yang sesungguhnya. Penggunaan simulator CNC diharapkan dapat membantu mahasiswa untuk memudahkan proses pembelajaran pada bidang CNC khususnya dalam masa Pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuktikan dan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan simulator CNC tersebut terhadap hasil belajar mata kuliah CNC selama masa pandemi Covid-19 di Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Negeri Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ex post facto dan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi linier sederhan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi S1 Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Jurusan Teknik Mesin yang menempuh mata kuliah CNC Lanjut pada Semester Gasal 2021/2022 di Universitas Negeri Malang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan sampel jenuh. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 87 mahasiswa. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Deskripsi persepsi mahasiswa tentang penggunaan media pembelajaran Swansoft CNC Simulator termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi sebesar 81.20 persen; (2) Hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah CNC Lanjut tergolong tinggi sebesar 73.15 persen; (3) Hasil analisis regresi pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai sig. sebesar 0.002 dengan tingkat sig. 0.05. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan Simulator CNC terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa mata kuliah CNC Lanjut Semester Gasal 2021/2022 di Jurusan Teknik Mesin di Universitas Negeri Malang. Kata kunci: Simulator CNC, Swansoft CNC Simulator, Hasil Belajar CNC, Pandemi Covid-19.
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Meier, H. "Universelle CNC-Schleifmaschinensteuerung." Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-1990-850214.

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KUWATA, Hiroshi. "The Conversational CNC." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 88, no. 794 (1985): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.88.794_50.

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24

จูมมณี, บดินเดช, พัชระ กัญจนกาญจน์, เฉลิม ขุนเอียด, รวินท์ธนัตถ์ ทิพย์เสนา, and วรรณนิศา นุชคุ้ม. "อิทธิพลของอะลูมิเนียมผสมที่ส่งผลต่อขนาดรูปทรงอิสระและรูปทรงเรขาคณิต ที่ผ่านกระบวนการกัดขึ้นรูป CNC." Frontiers in Engineering Innovation Research 22, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.60101/feir.2024.255000.

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งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งเน้นศึกษา อิทธิพลวัสดุที่แตกต่างของอะลูมิเนียมทั้ง 4 เกรด ได้แก่ Al5058, Al6061, Al6063, Al7075 ที่ส่งผลต่อขนาดรูปทรงอิสระและรูปทรงเรขาคณิตหลังกระบวนการการกัดขึ้นรูป (CNC) ซึ่งกำหนดความเร็วรอบในการตัดเฉือน รอบ/นาที (RPM) และอัตราป้อนของโต๊ะงาน มิลลิเมตร/นาที (mm/min) ที่เท่ากัน และ เครื่องมือในการตัดเฉือน (Cutting Tool) ที่ใช้ตัดเฉือน ก็เป็นชนิดเดียวกัน คือ (Carbide Emdmill TiAIN-COATED) พร้อมเปลี่ยน เครื่องมือในการตัดเฉือน ทุกครั้งที่ทำการเปลี่ยน เกรดอะลูมเนียมและทำการตรวจวัดขนาดโดยเครื่องสแกนประเภท Structured Light Scanner (SLS) แบบไม่สัมผัสชิ้นงานยี่ห้อ (GOM ATOS) ซึ่งนำไฟล์ (Point Clouds) ที่ได้จากการสแกนของอะลูมิเนียม ทั้ง 4 เกรด เทียบกับไฟล์ 3 มิติ (CAD File) เดิม เพื่อเปรียบเทียบอิทธิพลวัสดุที่แตกต่างของอะลูมิเนียมหลังกระบวนการตัดเฉือน (Machining) ซึ่งการวัดขนาดอะลูมิเนียมเกรด Al7075 หลังกระบวนการตัดเฉือนทั้ง 8 ตำแหน่ง มีค่าใกล้เคียงกับไฟล์ 3 มิติ เดิมมากที่สุด ซึ่งตำแหน่งทรงกลมที่ 1, 2, 3 (Sparer1, 2, 3) มีค่าเท่ากับ 20.000, 20.000, 7.500 mm. ตำแหน่งเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางที่ 1, 2, 3 (Diameter 1, 2, 3) มีค่าเท่ากับ 47.506, 5.000, 7.500 mm. ตำแหน่งกรวยที่ 1 (Cone1) มีค่าเท่ากับ 5.017 mm. และ องศากรวยที่ 1 (Angle 1) ทีค่าเท่ากับ 20.556 mm.
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-, Hendra, Y. Saputra, Putri -, Hernadewita -, and Nasril -. "Perbandingan pembuatan produk menggunakan simulasi program CNC dan CNC Milling." METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/metal.6.1.53-59.2022.

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Rahmatullah, Rahmatullah, Arfis Amiruddin, and Sudirman Lubis. "EFFECTIVENESS OF CNC TURNING AND CNC MILLING IN MACHINING PROCESS." International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects) 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53695/injects.v2i2.610.

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Technological developments and advances in the digital era are currently growing rapidly along with the times, so that they have an impact in all sectors including the manufacturing industry sector. Competition in the manufacturing industry is getting higher, both in the field of supporting equipment technology and in the production sector. This makes all interested parties and companies compete to create more technical and practical equipment. The manufacture of equipment, parts, components and manufactured products in the past still used conventional machines such as lathes, milling machines, scrap machines and other machines in general and are still used today for certain jobs. The manufacture of parts such as shafts, factory components, heavy equipment components, car components, aircraft components and other engineering equipment components still uses conventional machines in a small part of the manufacture of parts and components. In jobs that require high production rates, short production times and high and uniform quality, using conventional machines is not recommended. Machines with CNC technology with computer-assisted numerical control or the like have been the solution for decades. In this paper, we will discuss the effectiveness of CNC machines, especially the TU-3A EMCO CNC milling as an illustration by developing G, M code programming, and product examples.
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Yang, Ming-Chien, Yi-Qun Tseng, Kun-Ho Liu, Yu-Wei Cheng, Wan-Tzu Chen, Wei-Ting Chen, Chia-Wei Hsiao, Ming-Chi Yung, Chuan-Chih Hsu, and Ting-Yu Liu. "Preparation of Amphiphilic Chitosan–Graphene Oxide–Cellulose Nanocrystalline Composite Hydrogels and Their Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153051.

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Environmental-friendly nanocomposite hydrogels of carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (CHC), graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were combined to produce a bio-hydrogel with great biocompatibility and antibacterial ability. The size of the GO nanosheets was about 200–500 nm, and the CNCs had a length of 100–200 nm and a width of 10–20 nm, as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized for the analysis of the oxygen functional groups of GO. The homogeneous dispersion of the CHC/GO/CNC nanocomposite hydrogel showed significantly higher water absorption capacity and water retention capability. In addition, inhibition of a variety of microorganisms (gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi) by the introduction of the CHC/GO/CNC nanocomposite hydrogel demonstrated that there is a great opportunity to use it in the bio-medical field, such as for plastic masks and wound dressings.
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Kao, Yung Chou, Hong Ying Chen, and Y. C. Chen. "Development of a Virtual Controller Integrating Virtual and Physical CNC." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.631.

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This paper describes the development of a virtual CNC controller. Controller is the major driver for a CNC machine. Similarly, virtual controller is the key driving component for a virtual CNC, which is a three-dimensional digitized physical CNC. A virtual CNC can exist in every PC serving as the complementary safer counterpart in lecturing and learning the hand on operation of expensive machinery such as five-axis milling machine, high speed CNC and mill-turn because the virtual CNC will not break. Virtual reality environment provided by EON studio software has been adopted in establishing the interactivity of a virtual CNC based on the geometry model constructed in off-the-shelf CAD software. Visual Basic was used in implementing the graphical user interface to operate the virtual CNC through the developed virtual controller. The virtual controller is in charge of (1) parsing user’s NC codes, (2) simulating the tool path of the parsed NC codes, and (3)driving the virtual CNC according to the tool path. The developed virtual CNC controller has been successfully applied in implementing virtual CNCs based on two physical three-axis CNC machines and has also been demonstrated in an international exposition successfully. The virtual controller can enable the virtual CNC in facilitating lecturing, tutoring, self-learning, and reducing the chances of accidental breakdown of precious CNC equipment.
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Huang, Hai Peng, Zhen Long Wang, and J. M. Zheng. "Development of a CNC System for Multi-Axis EDM and its Realization." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.50.

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This paper presents a new kind of multi-axis electro-discharge machining (EDM) computer numerical control (CNC) system which is based on RT-Linux platform. Binary kernel structure of EDM CNC System is proposed to handle real-time task and time-sharing task separately. The system is divided into three parts: CNC kernel module, CNC driver module and CNC user module. CNC kernel module implements CNC control function in of the software system, and implements the move control to the NC machine. CNC driver module is just as device driver level. CNC user module is user manage procedure. The experiment of rimed turbine blisk validates the performance of the system. The performance implied that the system is real-time, stable and reliable.
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Gan, Ivy, and Wen Shyang Chow. "Synthesis of phosphoric acid-treated sugarcane bagasse cellulose nanocrystal and its thermal properties enhancement for poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718772866.

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from sugarcane bagasse fibre (SBF) was prepared by solvent casting method. The CNCs were obtained through alkaline treatment followed by sulphuric acid hydrolysis or phosphoric acid hydrolysis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing phosphoric acid (mild acid) to extract CNC from the SBF. The properties of the CNC were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the PLA/CNC nanocomposites were characterized using thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). TEM results demonstrated that the CNC having diameter of 5.5–6.2 nm and length of 235–300 nm. Results from XPS characterization have confirmed the existence of both sulphate group and phosphate group in the H2SO4-treated CNC (S-CNC) and H3PO4-treated CNC (P-CNC). FTIR results indicated that the presence of hydrogen bonding and chemical interaction between PLA and CNC. The thermal stability of PLA/P-CNC-10 is higher than that of PLA/S-CNC-10 nanocomposites attributed to the char formation of P-CNC in the PLA matrix.
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Suryono, Edy, and Burhanudin Burhanudin. "Pelatihan Pemograman CNC Berbasis Simulator Untuk Guru-Guru SMK Rumpun Teknik Pemesinan." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Progresif Humanis Brainstorming 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30591/japhb.v5i2.3116.

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Computer Numerical Control (CNC) merupakan alat yang banyak digunakan di dunia manufaktur. Sehingga lulusan siswa SMK dituntut untuk menguasai dengan baik pemograman CNC. Maka, penyiapan pengajar di SMK dalam hal ini adalah guru SMK, haruslah memiliki bekal yang cukup dalam pemograman CNC. Masalah lain yang dihadapi SMK adalah kurangnya sarana pendukung pembelajaran CNC. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak tersedianya unit CNC sebagai sarana pembelajaran. Maka untuk menjembatani masalah ini adalah dengan menggunakan software pendukung pembelajaran CNC. Software sebagai sarana pembelajaran untuk menggantikan unit CNC yang belum tersedia. Dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan guru SMK, maka tim Pengabdian melakukan kegiatan berupa pelatihan pemrograman berbasis simulator. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 15 peserta dari berbagai SMK se Surakarta. Pelatihan dilakukan di laboratorium Training Center STT Warga Surakarta. Pelaksanaan pelatihan meliputi; pemahaman dasar CNC, pengenalan dan aplikasi software simulator CNC, pemrograman CNC secara manual maupun dengan software simulator serta latihan dan tugas mandiri. Hasil pelatihan berupa kemampuan peserta input program, editing program, simulasi program serta berlatih logika pemograman CNC yang terbantu dengan adanya software simulator. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil kuisioner pelatihan CNC berbasis simulator meliputi penilaian sangat baik sebesar 36,11%, baik sebesar 61,11%, cukup sebesar 2,78% dan kurang sebesar 0%.
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Wyss, Muriel, Evgueni Riaplov, John P Maier, Majdi Hochlaf, and Pavel Rosmus. "The A1Π(u)←X1Σ Electronic Transition of CCN+ and CNC+." Helvetica Chimica Acta 84, no. 6 (June 13, 2001): 1432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(20010613)84:6<1432::aid-hlca1432>3.0.co;2-s.

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Pan, Siyu, and Zhaobin Qiu. "Fully Biodegradable Poly(hexamethylene succinate)/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composites with Enhanced Crystallization Rate and Mechanical Property." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 3667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213667.

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Through a common solution and casting method, low contents of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) reinforced biodegradable poly(hexamethylene succinate) based composites were successfully prepared for the first time. CNC homogeneously dispersed in PHS matrix at low loadings, showing no obvious aggregation. PHS/CNC composites showed high thermal stability as PHS. As a heterogeneous nucleating agent, CNC promoted the crystallization of PHS under both nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization conditions. In addition, the higher the CNC content, the faster the crystallization of PHS/CNC composites. The heterogeneous nucleating agent role of CNC was directly confirmed by the crystalline morphology study; moreover, the crystal structure of PHS remained unmodified despite the presence of CNC. As a reinforcing nanofiller, CNC also improved the mechanical property of PHS, especially the Young’s modulus and yield strength. In brief, low contents of CNC may improve both the crystallization and mechanical property of PHS, providing an easy method to tune the physical property and promote the wider application of biodegradable polymers.
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Budimlić, Zoran, Michael Burke, Vincent Cavé, Kathleen Knobe, Geoff Lowney, Ryan Newton, Jens Palsberg, et al. "Concurrent Collections." Scientific Programming 18, no. 3-4 (2010): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/521797.

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We introduce the Concurrent Collections (CnC) programming model. CnC supports flexible combinations of task and data parallelism while retaining determinism. CnC is implicitly parallel, with the user providing high-level operations along with semantic ordering constraints that together form a CnC graph. We formally describe the execution semantics of CnC and prove that the model guarantees deterministic computation. We evaluate the performance of CnC implementations on several applications and show that CnC offers performance and scalability equivalent to or better than that offered by lower-level parallel programming models.
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Liu, B. Y., J. Lee, D. Y. Pui, K. Ahn, and S. Gilbert. "Performance of a Laboratory Clean Room." Journal of the IEST 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1987): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.30.5.twwl111g2473560r.

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The performance of a small, 52 square meter laboratory clean room at the University of Minnesota has been evaluated using a system of aerosol measuring and monitoring instruments. Aerosol in the ambient atmosphere and in the clean room has been measured simultaneously using a condensation nucleus counter and diffusion battery, a differential mobility particle sizer and two laser optical particle counters to provide concentration and size distribution data between 0.002 to 10 μm diameters. The diurnal variation of the condensation nuclei concentration in the clean room has been found to follow closely that in the ambient atmosphere. This suggests that particles in the CNC range measured in the clean room have their origin in the ambient atmosphere and that the clean room filter does not provide a perfect shield between indoor and outdoor air for these small particles. The ratio of clean room CMC to ambient CNC counts has been found to range from 7 × 10−7 when the ambient CNC count is low (1 × 105 per cc) to 2 × 10−7 when the ambient CNC count is high (1 × 106 per cc). This can be explained by the smaller size of the airborne particles in the ambient atmosphere under high concentration conditions and the greater efficiency of the HEPA filters for these particles.
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36

Ng, Shi-Wan, Wai-Ting Chong, Yee-Theng Soo, Teck-Kim Tang, Nur Azwani Ab Karim, Eng-Tong Phuah, and Yee-Ying Lee. "Pickering emulsion stabilized by palm-pressed fiber cellulose nanocrystal extracted by acid hydrolysis-assisted high pressure homogenization." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): e0271512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271512.

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Palm pressed fibre (PPF) is a lignocellulose biomass generated from palm oil mill that is rich in cellulose. The present work aimed to combine acid hydrolysis followed by high-pressure homogenisation (HPH) to produce nanocrystal cellulose (CNC) with enhanced physicochemical properties from PPF. PPF was alkaline treated, bleached, acid hydrolysed and homogenised under high pressure condition to prepare CNC. The effects of homogenisation pressure (10, 30, 50, 70 MPa) and cycles (1, 3, 5, 7) on the particle size, zeta potential and rheological properties of CNC produced were investigated. HPH was capable of producing CNC with better stability. Results revealed that utilizing 1 cycle of homogenisation at a pressure of 50 MPa resulted in CNC with the smallest dimension, highest aspect ratio, moderate viscosity and exceptionally high zeta potential. Subsequently, 0.15% (CNC 0.15 -PE) and 0.30% (CNC 0.30 -PE) of CNC was used to stabilise oil-in-water emulsions and their stability was evaluated against different pH, temperature and ionic strength. All the CNC-stabilised emulsions demonstrated good thermal stability. CNC 0.30 -PE exhibited larger droplets but higher stability than CNC 0.15 -PE. In short, CNC with gel like structure has a promising potential to serve as a natural Pickering emulsifier to stabilise oil-in-water emulsion in various food applications.
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Surov, Oleg V., Marina I. Voronova, Natalia V. Rubleva, Anatoly G. Zakharov, and Andrei V. Afineevskii. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NANOCELLULOSE-DYE CONJUGATES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 64, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20216402.6207.

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Synthesis of conjugates of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with chlortriazine reactive dyes (RD) has been developed. The obtained CNC-RD conjugates were characterized using a complex of modern methods: UV-Vis, IR and 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, particle size and zeta potential analysis, scanning electron and polarization optical microscopy. IR spectra of CNC-RD films show absorption bands typical of cellulose. The formation of a covalent cellulose-dye bond is confirmed by the presence of characteristic absorption bands of the resulting ether bond in the region of 1000-1300 cm-1. Based on the analysis of solid-state 13C NMR spectra, it was concluded that the degree of crystallinity of the CNC-RD conjugates does not change compared to the CNC, i.e. the RD covalently bind to the surface of the CNC particles and do not affect the crystal structure of the CNC. Using a simple model of CNC with square cross-section, and based on the elemental analysis data, the amount of covalently bound dye on the surface of CNC particles was estimated. The results obtained allow us to conclude that covalent bound of RD occurs selectively at one of the ends of the cellulose nanocrystal (the so-called reducing end of the cellulose polymer chain). Successful CNC surface modification is confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that aqueous suspensions of CNC-RD conjugates have indicator properties. The sizes and charges of the particles of CNC-RD conjugates in dilute aqueous suspensions were determined. High colloidal stability of the CNC-RD aqueous suspensions was confirmed. It has been shown that CNC-RD colloidal suspensions possess liquid crystalline properties, which is clearly demonstrated by their iridescent color in polarized light with stirring. CNC films modified with RD also possess birefringence properties and exhibit an iridescent color in polarized light. The morphology of CNC-RD particles was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the CNC-RD conjugates was studied.
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Lu, Fangfang, Hairong Wang, Liang Li, Kunyu Mao, Jiahao Chen, and Haodi Yue. "Regulation and characterization of polar groups on the surfaces of cellulose nanocrystal–nanosilver hybrids." BioResources 18, no. 4 (September 28, 2023): 7700–7712. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.4.7700-7712.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with a high content of polar groups were prepared via the oxidation process by controlling the amount of mixed acid, incorporating additional additive of citric acid and vitamin C as active agents, and applying ultrasonic crosslinking. Subsequently, cellulose nanocrystal–silver (CNC–Ag) nanohybrid materials were synthesized via an oxidation hydrolysis reaction, which displayed good dispersibility and high interaction, leading to the hydrogen bonding between polar groups (-OH and -COOH) on the surface of CAC–Ag nanohybrids. The positive effects of hydrogen bonding on the surface of CAC–Ag nanohybrids were confirmed by the high carboxyl group content (2.69 mmol/g) and low contact angle (53.7°) tested. In addition, CAC–Ag nanohybrids showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus. These results showed that the high-performance CNC–Ag nanohybrids prepared in this study may be highly suitable as nano-fillers for polyester materials used in antibacterial food packaging.
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Pomari, Andréia Aparecida do Nascimento, Thaís Larissa do Amaral Montanheiro, Cristiane Pereira de Siqueira, Rodrigo Sousa Silva, Dayane Batista Tada, and Ana Paula Lemes. "Chitosan Hydrogels Crosslinked by Genipin and Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals: Production and Characterization." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3030084.

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In this work, chitosan hydrogels crosslinked with genipin and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were developed and characterized with the aim of future biomedical applications. CNC was produced by acid hydrolysis and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chitosan/CNC nanocomposite hydrogels were produced with different CNC concentrations (w/w): 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. The genipin was used as a crosslinking agent in a genipin/chitosan molar proportion of 1:8. The hydrogels were characterized by porosity measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling test, and mechanical compression test. No significant differences were observed concerning the porosity of the hydrogels; however, a trend of decreasing porosity was observed with increasing CNC content. The SEM images showed a better pore structure as the CNC concentration increased. A decrease in the swelling degree with increasing CNC content in the chitosan/CNC nanocomposite hydrogel was verified in the swelling tests. An increase in the CNC concentration in the chitosan/CNC nanocomposite hydrogel caused a gradual increase in the maximum stress and maximum strain as observed in the compression tests, showing a significant difference between chitosan/CNC 6 wt % and neat chitosan hydrogel.
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Benkaddour, Abdelhaq, Eyup Can Demir, Nicole C. Jankovic, Chun Il Kim, Mark T. McDermott, and Cagri Ayranci. "A hydrophobic coating on cellulose nanocrystals improves the mechanical properties of polyamide-6 nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 11 (March 28, 2022): 1775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983221075418.

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Recent demands for high-performance lightweight materials have brought researchers’ attention to various nanoparticles to reinforce polymeric materials. As such, sustainable and stiff cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have become a popular candidate as nano-reinforcements. While CNC can offer great advantages, such as high mechanical properties and low density, it might agglomerate even in hydrophilic polymers because of its strong affinity to itself (intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds) which prevents its broader use in industrial applications. This study aims to improve the compatibility between CNC and polyamide 6 (PA6) by a chemical modification that produces a surface polarity drastically different from non-modified CNC. The surface of CNC was rendered by the covalent coupling of stearic acid (SA) to the surface hydroxyl groups to produce stearate modified CNC (CNC SA). The effect of the modification was analyzed for CNC SA reinforced PA6 nanocomposites, and the results are compared to that of non-modified CNC reinforced PA6 samples. The addition of unmodified CNC to PA6 provided a modest improvement while the addition of CNC-SA provided substantial improvement on the modulus and tensile strength of the nanocomposite films.
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Pech-Cohuo, Soledad-Cecilia, Gonzalo Canche-Escamilla, Alex Valadez-González, Victor Vladimir Amilcar Fernández-Escamilla, and Jorge Uribe-Calderon. "Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (August 9, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3567901.

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The production and surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from Agave tequilana Weber waste (ATW) and their effect on the melt rheology of PLA were investigated. For that, CNC were obtained from ATW residues by acid hydrolysis and grafted with 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2-EHA) to promote compatibility with nonpolar polymers, such as PLA. The morphology of CNC occurred as rods, spheres, and the so-called porous network observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron transmission microscopy (TEM), and the crystallinity of the cellulose fibers was ~73% and increased up to ~94% for CNC followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The acid hydrolysis and alkali extraction process produce changes on the native cellulose type I from ATW bagasse resulting in a mixture of cellulose type I and II and was preserved after CNC isolation and surface grafting. Polymer grafting was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS). Upon surface modification, the grafted CNC presented better thermal stability than CNC pristine evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the surface energy of the CNC was decreased which could promote CNC dispersion within polymers. Both pristine and surface modified CNC were melt mixed with PLA to produce nanocomposites at different concentrations of CNC. Dynamic time sweep tests showed that the introduction of CNC and CNC/2-EHA decreased the complex viscosity of PLA due to polymer degradation during compounding.
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Cao, Shu Kun, Shang Wei Yang, Xiu Sheng Chen, Gui Cong Wang, and Wei Wei Song. "Milling Machine Design Based on Open CNC System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.887.

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Completed structure of milling machine design based on open CNC system through the combination of multi-axis motion controller and the way of NC embedded PC. The traditional CNC milling machine combined with technology of many aspects of Precision machinery, electronics, electric drive, automatic control, automatic detection, and computer and so on. High-precision high efficiency and high flexibility of the CNC milling machine makes it has more widely applications. But there are some problems, for example, based on the traditional CNC milling system for work-piece processing is also not very convenient, and traditional CNC system must be G code programming first, then process work-piece, in addition, as the closed nature of traditional CNC systems, products of hardware and software of the CNC manufacturers are not compatible, and system’s training and maintenance costs much, we put forward the open CNC system, then we start to research and analysis the Milling Machine Design Based On Open CNC System.
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43

Vu, An Nang, Anh Mai Tran, Nghi Tuyet Nguyen, Duyen My Ngoc Lam, Phong Pham Nam Le, Nhan Thuc Chi Ha, and Hieu Van Le. "Green one-step synthesis of cellulose nanocrystal/ ZnO nanohybrid with high photocatalytic activity." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 5, no. 3 (May 29, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v5i3.924.

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In this work, nanohybrid of zinc oxide/ cellulose nanocrystals (ZnO/CNC) was successfully prepared by using a low cost and green method for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). CNC had been derived through the hydrolysis reaction by citric/hydrochloric acid from the pure cellulose isolated from Vietnamese Nypa fruticans trunk. The obtained CNC with carboxyl groups could act as a stabilizing and supporting agent to anchor ZnO nanoparticles. The chemical and crystal structures, morphology, thermal and photocatalytic properties of the ZnO/CNC nanohybrid were characterized by FESEM, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, BET, EDX, TGA, DRS and photocatalytic tests. Analyses of FTIR spectra, XRD, and FESEM indicated that the ZnO nanocrystals with the size of 50 nm formed and loaded on the surface of CNC. The TGA analysis demonstrated that the ZnO loading sample (ZnO/CNC) had the thermal degradation onset temperature higher than that of neat CNC. ZnO/CNC cuold be absorpted ultraviolet light and have high value of specific surface area (SBET), based on the DRS spectra and the nitrogen adsorption – desorption isotherms analysis, respectively. ZnO/CNC displayed more photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO upon degradation of methylene blue due to strong interaction between the CNC and ZnO nanoparticles. The maximum degradation of MB was about 95% in 150 minutes for the ZnO/CNC.
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Mao, Haiquan, Chun Wei, Yongyang Gong, Shiqi Wang, and Wenwen Ding. "Mechanical and Water-Resistant Properties of Eco-Friendly Chitosan Membrane Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010166.

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Environmentally benign and biodegradable chitosan (CS) membranes have disadvantages such as low mechanical strength, high brittleness, poor heat resistance and poor water resistance, which limit their applications. In this paper, home-made cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were added to CS to prepare CNC/CS composite membranes through mechanical mixing and solution casting approaches. The effects of CNC dispersion patterns and CNC contents on the properties of composite membranes were studied. The analysis of the surface and cross-section morphology of the membranes showed that the dispersion performance of the composite membrane was better in the case that CNC was dissolved in an acetic acid solution and then mixed with chitosan by a homogenizer (Method 2). CNC had a great length-diameter ratio and CNC intensely interacted with CS. The mechanical properties of the composite membrane prepared with Method 2 were better. With a CNC content of 3%, the tensile strength of the composite membrane reached 43.0 MPa, 13.2% higher than that of the CNC-free membrane. The elongation at break was 41.6%, 56.4% higher than that of the CNC-free membrane. Thermogravimetric, contact angle and swelling analysis results showed that the addition of CNC could improve the heat and water resistance of the chitosan membrane.
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Vlad-Cristea, Mirela Simona, Véronic Landry, Pierre Blanchet, and Claudiane Ouellet-Plamondon. "Nanocrystalline Cellulose as Effect Pigment in Clear Coatings for Wood." ISRN Nanomaterials 2013 (August 27, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/930236.

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Nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) is a renewable material with high potential in many applications. Due to its unique self-assembly and optical properties, CNC tends to behave as an iridescent pigment. The aim of this research was to explore the potential of CNC as an effect pigment in wood coatings. CNC-based coatings were developed from an aqueous CNC solution, a UV-curable water-based clear coating formulation, several colorants, and specialized additives. In this paper, the morphology of the resulting CNC films was investigated through circular dichroism and optical microscopy under polarized light. The effect of the CNC surface charge changes was monitored through zeta potential measurements. Color changes, or travel, and flop index were used to assess the iridescent effect of the coatings containing CNC. The experimental wood coatings contained CNC showed that the enhancement of the iridescent effect depends on the distribution and alignment of the CNC rod-like particles in order to generate the right pitch in the helical structure and their interaction with the polymer matrix as well with the additives. In conclusion, CNC could be successfully used as effect pigment in finishing systems, which can enhance the attractiveness and bring out the special grain of various types of wood.
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Ahn, So Yeon, Chengbin Yu, and Young Seok Song. "Cellulose Nanocrystal Embedded Composite Foam and Its Carbonization for Energy Application." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 3454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163454.

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In this study, we fabricated a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-embedded aerogel-like chitosan foam and carbonized the 3D foam for electrical energy harvesting. The nanocrystal-supported cellulose foam can demonstrate a high surface area and porosity, homogeneous size ranging from various microscales, and a high quality of absorbing external additives. In order to prepare CNC, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was chemically treated with sulfuric acid. The CNC incorporates into chitosan, enhancing mechanical properties, crystallization, and generation of the aerogel-like porous structure. The weight percentage of the CNC was 2 wt% in the chitosan composite. The CNC/chitosan foam is produced using the freeze-drying method, and the CNC-embedded CNC/chitosan foam has been carbonized. We found that the degree of crystallization of carbon structure increased, including the CNCs. Both CNC and chitosan are degradable materials when CNC includes chitosan, which can form a high surface area with some typical surface-related morphology. The electrical cyclic voltammetric result shows that the vertical composite specimen had superior electrochemical properties compared to the horizontal composite specimen. In addition, the BET measurement indicated that the CNC/chitosan foam possessed a high porosity, especially mesopores with layer structures. At the same time, the carbonized CNC led to a significant increase in the portion of micropore.
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47

Burhanudin, Burhanudin, Edy Suryono, Agung Prasetyo, Bambang Margono, Zainuddin Zainuddin, and Andrianto Rahmatulloh. "PENGEMBANGAN POLA PEMBELAJARAN PEMOGRAMAN CNC MELALUI INTEGRASI G CODE, SIMULATOR CNC DAN CAM." Abdi Masya 4, no. 2 (November 27, 2023): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52561/abma.v4i2.310.

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Pemrograman CNC (Computer Numerical Control) adalah keterampilan kunci dalam industri manufaktur modern. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah mengembangkan pola pembelajaran pemrograman CNC yang efektif dengan mengintegrasikan pemrograman G Code, Simulator CNC, dan Software CAM. Metode kegiatan melibatkan pelatihan pembelajaran yang mensinkronkan ketiga aspek ini untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan peserta. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kompetensi peserta. Peningkatan paling mencolok terjadi pada penguasaan pengoperasian Software Simulator CNC, dengan peningkatan sebesar 37,9%. Selain itu, penguasaan Pemrograman CNC G Code Standard juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 18,2%. Peningkatan yang baik juga terlihat pada penguasaan pengoperasian Software CAM, pemahaman tentang bagaimana Software CAM dapat membantu dalam pembelajaran pemrograman CNC, dan penguasaan pengoperasian mesin CNC, masing-masing dengan peningkatan sebesar 20,7%, 20,0%, dan 32,1%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan terintegratif yang mensinkronkan pemrograman G Code, Simulator CNC, dan CAM dalam pembelajaran memberikan dampak yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi peserta. Dampak positif dari kegiatan ini juga berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pemrograman CNC di sekolah-sekolah. Kegiatan ini memberikan bukti nyata bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran yang interaktif dan terintegratif dapat berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan peserta dalam pemrograman CNC, sebuah keterampilan yang sangat penting dalam dunia industri modern. Oleh karena itu, model pengembangan pola pembelajaran ini memiliki potensi untuk menjadi pedoman bagi pengembangan pendidikan teknologi CNC di masa depan.
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48

Petrenko, Yuri, and Vladislav Lemish. "THE TECHNOLOGY OF CHOOSING CNC MACHINE CONTROL METHOD UNDER UNCERTAINTY." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 1, no. 92 (January 15, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.0.97.

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Problem. A big market saturation makes very hard finding for optimal solution for manufacture, besides you’ve to take look not only at CNC machines and its parameters but also at CNC machine control methods. By CNC machine control methods means methods for creating controlling programs. The main methods are manual programming, programming by CNC stand, programming with CAD/CAM systems. Goal. The goal of the paper is to ease choosing the CNC machine control method by developing the technology of choosing the CNC machine control method under uncertainty. Methodology. The article has categorized the types of CNC machines and their control methods. Based on system analysis of currently existed works, was created an algorithm, fuzzy math model which consists of fuzzy input and fuzzy output, and the technology of choosing the CNC machine control method itself. Results. Generalized and partial problems of choosing the CNC machine control methods are formulated; the fuzzy math logic model is developed; an algorithm based on the developed fuzzy math logic model is created and further implemented in the technology of choosing the CNC machine control method under uncertainty. Originality. The fuzzy logic math methods have developed in a new subject. Were defined linguistic variables for the CNC parameters, generalized fuzzy input, and output for choosing the CNC control method under uncertainty. Previously generalized fuzzy input and output has been transformed into an algorithm. Practical value. A created algorithm that was based on fuzzy math logical model was added to the technology of choosing the CNC machine control method under uncertainty.
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49

Yao, Yao, Xianhe Huang, Qiao Chen, Zhen Zhang, and Weiwei Ling. "High Sensitivity and High Stability QCM Humidity Sensors Based on Polydopamine Coated Cellulose Nanocrystals/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112210.

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In this paper, a high sensitivity and high stability quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) humidity sensor using polydopamine (PDA) coated cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/graphene oxide (GO) (PDA@CNC/GO) nanocomposite as sensitive material is demonstrated. The PDA@CNC was prepared by the self-polymerization action on the surface of CNC, and it acted as filler material to form functional nanocomposite with GO. The material characteristics of PDA@CNC, CNC/GO and PDA@CNC/GO were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The experimental results show that the introduction of PDA@CNC into GO film not only effectively enhanced the sensitivity of GO-based nanocomposite-coated QCM sensor but also significantly maintained high stability in the entire humidity range. The PDA@CNC/GO30-coated QCM humidity sensor exhibited a superior response sensitivity up to 54.66 Hz/% relative humidity (RH), while the change rate of dynamic resistance of the sensor in the humidity range of 11.3–97.3% RH is only 14% that is much smaller than that of CNC/GO-coated QCM. Besides, the effect of the PDA@CNC content on the sensitivity and stability of GO-based nanocomposite-coated QCM humidity was also studied. Moreover, other performances of PDA@CNC/GO-coated QCM humidity sensor, including humidity hysteresis, fast response and recovery and long-term stability, were systematically investigated. This work suggests that PDA@CNC/GO nanocomposite is a promising candidate material for realizing high sensitivity and high stability QCM humidity sensor in the entire humidity detection range.
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50

Hermana, Rifki. "A Comparative Study: The Precision of CNC Machines Using a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) and a Wi-Fi ESP32." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jtmmx.v3i2.2757.

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Computerized numerical control (CNC) is one example of advances in automated machine technology. CNC can fulfil high precision and complex product specifications. Industrial CNC milling is still expensive regarding the hardware and software required to operate it. As a result, CNC milling machines are only used by large companies, with only a few mid-sized industries using them. It makes it impossible for medium enterprises to compete with large industries in terms of quality and output. This research aims to develop a CNC that uses an offline Wi-Fi controller based on ESP32 as an application that supports CNC machine work processes for use in small and medium enterprises. In an experiment, the precision of a CNC milling machine equipped with a sliding mode controller (SMC) controller was compared with that of a CNC machine equipped with an ESP-32 Wi-Fi controller. The CNC milling process with SMC control exceeds the tolerance limits in three dimensions based on the results of ten tests, namely length, width, and height or depth. Six values, two in each dimension of length, width, and height or depth, exceeded tolerance limits due to the CNC milling machine's ESP32 Wi-Fi control. Therefore, the CNC with SMC control is more accurate than the ESP32 Wi-Fi control because there are fewer failures with the former. This research has been carried out and provides input for the implementation of SMC, which can be considered in the CNC milling process.
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