Journal articles: 'CNIC'

1

Fuster, Valentín, Borja Ibáñez, and Vicente Andrés. "The CNIC." Circulation Research 119, no. 7 (September 16, 2016): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.116.309477.

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Kawakami, Kazumi, and Hanako Misao. "Developing a Competency Model for Nurses Certified in Infection Control in Japan." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s514—s515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1196.

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Background: In July 2019, 2,793 nurses were registered as certified nurse in infection control (CNIC) at the Japanese Nursing Association (JNA). Most CNICs work as full-time infection preventionists (IPs) in hospitals. However, a competency model for CNICs has not been developed in Japan yet. Therefore, we developed a competency model for CNICs. Methods: We conducted a 2-phase explanatory sequential mixed-methods study between November 2013 and October 2019. The participants were 1,711 CNICs listed on the JNA website. Phase 1 was a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires that included 10 competency domains based on the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology Competency Assessment Tool. Considering years of experience as an IP and full-time position, participants’ career stages were novice, competent, proficient, and expert. The CNICs who answered the questionnaire were included in the interview during phase 2, which was a descriptive qualitative study. Specifically, 10–30 participants were selected from each career stage. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, and verbatim transcripts were analyzed qualitatively. The knowledge, skills, and abilities of CNICs were extracted at each career stage. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Juntendo University (approval no. 25-27). Results: During phase 1, 1,711 CNICs were invited to participate: 975 returned the questionnaire (57% response rate) and 969 (99.3%) responses were valid and used in the analysis. Only 257 participants agreed to attend the interviews. In phase 2, interviews were conducted with 67 CNICs: 30 novice, 20 competent, 13 proficient, and 4 expert. The mean years of experience as a nurse and CNIC were 22.2 (SD, 7.0) and 5.3 (SD, 3.1), respectively. As the career stage advanced, the contents and range of infection prevention role and activities in the hospital or community expanded across competency domains. In clarification of infection process, one of the crucial competencies, the novice needed to consult reference material about the infectious disease each time due to lack of knowledge. Although the competent CNICs understood the frequent occurrence of infectious disease, they needed the specialist’s advice. However, the proficient and expert CNICs could interpret information independently, and importantly, expert CNICs could distinguish between what they know and do not know. Conclusions: Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, we developed a competency model for CNICs that may encourage CNICs to develop their expertise and that is useful in assessing the qualities or abilities of CNICs. In the future, this model can be used to develop systematic educational programs for CNICs.Funding: This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI.Disclosures: None

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Gómez-Álvarez, Enrique, Juan Verdejo, Salvador Ocampo, Emilio Ruiz, and Marco A. Martinez-Rios. "Reaching blood pressure guideline targets with the CNIC polypill in patients with a previous cardiovascular event in Mexico: a post hoc analysis of the SORS study." Future Cardiology 16, no. 1 (January 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca-2019-0075.

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Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)-polypill (acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg, ramipril 5/10 mg, simvastatin 40 mg) in achieving blood pressure (BP) goals. Patients & methods: A multicenter, observational, one cohort, prospective study. BP targets were analyzed in patients with cardiovascular disease after 12-months treatment with the CNIC polypill. Results: A total of 572 patients (59.4 ± 13.9 years, 57.3% men) were analyzed. At baseline, BP was 147.1 ± 18.1/88.3 ± 10.6 mmHg, 97.1% of patients were taken renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, 5.4% calcium antagonists, 1.9% diuretics and 13.1% β-blockers. The proportion of patients who achieved BP targets increased from 20.1 to 55.4% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In routine practice, switching from usual care to the CNIC-polypill in patients with cardiovascular disease could facilitate achieving BP goals.

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Leigh, G. Jeffery. "A History of CNIC." Chemistry International 41, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2019-0313.

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Abstract The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is much older than IUPAC itself, and so is the history of the Commission for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (CNIC). The nomenclature developed as new chemistry originated and grew at the beginning of the 19th century, when the chemical community came to recognise the need for international agreement on the formalisms to be used, to enable practitioners from different countries to understand communications between them. In that period such communications were only written or printed. Since CNIC produced the first of its IUPAC Red Books on the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry in 1957, the Red Books themselves have been continuously rewritten and expanded as the science of chemistry has grown, and they represent a collaborative production, both in the number of people involved and the time-frame they occupy, which is possibly unique in modern science.

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Wan, Li Juan. "Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Intercalation Compound Composite and Study of Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Performance." Materials Science Forum 1032 (May 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1032.3.

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Novel visible light-induced carbon nitride intercalation compound (CNIC) with iron oxide composite photocatalyst with different content of iron oxide were synthesized through simple mixing and heat treatment. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and BET surface area measurements. The photocatalytic oxidation ability of the novel composite photocatalyst was evaluated using methyl range (MO) as a target pollutant. The experimental results showed the composites with a content of iron oxide exhibited the higher photocatalytic activity than either single-phase iron oxide or CNIC under visible-light irradiation. The as-prepared composite photocatalyst exhibits an improved photocatalytic activity due to enhancement of photo-generated electron–hole separations at the interface.

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Yoshida, Yuko, Risa Takashima, and Rika Yano. "Is skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection necessary? The reasoning of Certified Nurses in Infection Control in Japan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e0245202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245202.

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Nurses continue to disinfect the skin before administering subcutaneous injections as a standard process in clinical settings; despite evidence that disinfection is not necessary. To implement evidence-based practice, it is critical to explore why this gap between “evidence” and “practice” exists. This study aimed to describe the reasons offered by Certified Nurses in Infection Control (CNIC) in Japan for performing skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection. Adopting an inductive qualitative design, interviews were conducted with 10 CNIC in 2013. According to the participants, skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection: (a) was common practice; (b) may have been beneficial if it was omitted; (c) adhered to hospital norms; (d) prevented persistent suspicion of infection; (e) had no detrimental effect; (f) was an ingrained custom; and (g) involved a tacit approval for not disinfecting in home care settings. The themes (c) and (g) were cited as the main reasons affecting decision-making. The CNIC administered injections following skin disinfection in hospitals in accordance with hospital norms. On the contrary, outside the hospital, they administered subcutaneous injections without skin disinfection. All themes except (b) and (g) reflect the barriers and resistance to omitting skin disinfection, while (g) shows that it is already partly implemented in home care settings. It is necessary to create a guideline for skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection that considers the quality of life of patients at home, their physical conditions, and the surrounding environment at the time of injection, in addition to the guidelines applicable in hospitals.

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Yoshida, Yuko, Risa Takashima, and Rika Yano. "Is skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection necessary? The reasoning of Certified Nurses in Infection Control in Japan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e0245202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245202.

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Nurses continue to disinfect the skin before administering subcutaneous injections as a standard process in clinical settings; despite evidence that disinfection is not necessary. To implement evidence-based practice, it is critical to explore why this gap between “evidence” and “practice” exists. This study aimed to describe the reasons offered by Certified Nurses in Infection Control (CNIC) in Japan for performing skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection. Adopting an inductive qualitative design, interviews were conducted with 10 CNIC in 2013. According to the participants, skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection: (a) was common practice; (b) may have been beneficial if it was omitted; (c) adhered to hospital norms; (d) prevented persistent suspicion of infection; (e) had no detrimental effect; (f) was an ingrained custom; and (g) involved a tacit approval for not disinfecting in home care settings. The themes (c) and (g) were cited as the main reasons affecting decision-making. The CNIC administered injections following skin disinfection in hospitals in accordance with hospital norms. On the contrary, outside the hospital, they administered subcutaneous injections without skin disinfection. All themes except (b) and (g) reflect the barriers and resistance to omitting skin disinfection, while (g) shows that it is already partly implemented in home care settings. It is necessary to create a guideline for skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection that considers the quality of life of patients at home, their physical conditions, and the surrounding environment at the time of injection, in addition to the guidelines applicable in hospitals.

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Robinson, Ann E. "IUPAC and the Naming of Elements." Chemistry International 41, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2019-0314.

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Abstract It was once not uncommon for elements to have more than one name. Tungsten and wolfram. Columbium and niobium. Beryllium and glucinum. The multiple names were generally due to language differences, personal preference, and nationality. These different names were ultimately harmonized into a single set of names after World War II with the development of a standardized nomenclature for inorganic chemistry (IUPAC’s famous Red Book). At the same time, new elements ceased be to found in naturally-occurring substances. Rather, new elements began to be created in accelerators. The advent of synthesized elements raised new questions regarding the discovery of new elements. It also created a new set of challenges for their naming, one of the tasks of the old Commission on Nomenclature for Inorganic Chemistry (CNIC) of IUPAC. As we will see, to face these challenges the CNIC relied successively on the adjudication of the US National Research Council (US NRC) for the naming of promethium in 1948, and then on an ongoing partnership with the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP).

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Fuster, Valentín, and Miguel Torres. "CNIC: Achieving Research Excellence Through Collaboration." Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 65, no. 6 (June 2012): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2012.01.010.

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Wang, Lin-Yen, Tsair-Wei Chien, and Willy Chou. "Using the IPcase Index with Inflection Points and the Corresponding Case Numbers to Identify the Impact Hit by COVID-19 in China: An Observation Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041994.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan and rapidly spread around the world. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 is the first and foremost concern. The inflection point (IP) and the corresponding cumulative number of infected cases (CNICs) are the two viewpoints that should be jointly considered to differentiate the impact of struggling to fight against COVID-19 (SACOVID). The CNIC data were downloaded from the GitHub website on 23 November 2020. The item response theory model (IRT) was proposed to draw the ogive curve for every province/metropolitan city/area in China. The ipcase-index was determined by multiplying the IP days with the corresponding CNICs. The IRT model was parameterized, and the IP days were determined using the absolute advantage coefficient (AAC). The difference in SACOVID was compared using a forest plot. In the observation study, the top three regions hit severely by COVID-19 were Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Hubei, with IPcase indices of 1744, 723, and 698, respectively, and the top three areas with the most aberrant patterns were Yunnan, Sichuan, and Tianjin, with IP days of 5, 51, and 119, respectively. The difference in IP days was determined (χ2 = 5065666, df = 32, p < 0.001) among areas in China. The IRT model with the AAC is recommended to determine the IP days during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Yie, Kyent-Yon, Tsair-Wei Chien, Yu-Tsen Yeh, Willy Chou, and Shih-Bin Su. "Using Social Network Analysis to Identify Spatiotemporal Spread Patterns of COVID-19 around the World: Online Dashboard Development." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052461.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has spread widely around the world. Many mathematical models have been proposed to investigate the inflection point (IP) and the spread pattern of COVID-19. However, no researchers have applied social network analysis (SNA) to cluster their characteristics. We aimed to illustrate the use of SNA to identify the spread clusters of COVID-19. Cumulative numbers of infected cases (CNICs) in countries/regions were downloaded from GitHub. The CNIC patterns were extracted from SNA based on CNICs between countries/regions. The item response model (IRT) was applied to create a general predictive model for each country/region. The IP days were obtained from the IRT model. The location parameters in continents, China, and the United States were compared. The results showed that (1) three clusters (255, n = 51, 130, and 74 in patterns from Eastern Asia and Europe to America) were separated using SNA, (2) China had a shorter mean IP and smaller mean location parameter than other counterparts, and (3) an online dashboard was used to display the clusters along with IP days for each country/region. Spatiotemporal spread patterns can be clustered using SNA and correlation coefficients (CCs). A dashboard with spread clusters and IP days is recommended to epidemiologists and researchers and is not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Rodríguez, Francisco A., Heather L. Read, and Monty A. Escabí. "Spectral and Temporal Modulation Tradeoff in the Inferior Colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 2 (February 2010): 887–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00813.2009.

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The cochlea encodes sounds through frequency-selective channels that exhibit low-pass modulation sensitivity. Unlike the cochlea, neurons in the auditory midbrain are tuned for spectral and temporal modulations found in natural sounds, yet the role of this transformation is not known. We report a distinct tradeoff in modulation sensitivity and tuning that is topographically ordered within the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CNIC). Spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) were obtained with 16-channel electrodes inserted orthogonal to the isofrequency lamina. Surprisingly, temporal and spectral characteristics exhibited an opposing relationship along the tonotopic axis. For low best frequencies (BFs), units were selective for fast temporal and broad spectral modulations. A systematic progression was observed toward slower temporal and finer spectral modulation sensitivity at high BF. This tradeoff was strongly reflected in the arrangement of excitation and inhibition and, consequently, in the modulation tuning characteristics. Comparisons with auditory nerve fibers show that these trends oppose the pattern imposed by the peripheral filters. These results suggest that spectrotemporal preferences are reordered within the tonotopic axis of the CNIC. This topographic organization has profound implications for the coding of spectrotemporal features in natural sounds and could underlie a number of perceptual phenomena.

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Yang, Shu-Jyuan, Jian-Wen Chen, Fang-Huei Lin, Tai-Horng Young, Pei-Jen Lou, and Ming-Jium Shieh. "COLORECTAL CANCER CELL DETECTION BY FOLIC ACID-CONJUGATED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 22, no. 01 (February 2010): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237210001724.

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The endoscopy is a common diagnosis method for the detection of colorectal cancer and there are two methods to improve the diagnostic sensitivity. One is chromoendoscopy, and the other is magnifying endoscopy. Color contrast dye, such as indigo carmine, usually is sprayed on the surface of the intestine and can accumulate in the pits and crevices of the mucosa to enhance the identification of the lesion. However, this color contrast dye does not have target-specific and local-retention properties. For these reasons we encapsulated indigo carmine into chitosan nanoparticles (CNIC) by the ionic gelation to increase the retention time on intestine surface, and conjugated folic acid with chitosan nanoparticles (fCNIC) to target specifically adenomatous polyps. The size and zeta potential of CNIC and fCNIC measured by transmission electron microscope and zetasizer were both at the range of 120–140 nm and 20 mV respectively. The loading efficiency of indigo carmine in fCNIC was in the range of 60–70% and depended on the concentration of acetic acid solution used to dissolve chitosan and folic acid–chitosan conjugates and folic acid conjugation percentage. Bioassy results of fCNIC targeting to HT-29 colon cancer cells revealed that the prepared particle with high folic acid conjugation had a better adhesion effect. These results implied that fCNIC with high folic acid conjugation could serve as an ideal vector for a colon-specific targeting system. According to this concept, we designed a novel detection system to enhance the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis for colorectal cancer.

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Fuster, Valentín, and Miguel Torres. "El CNIC: investigación de excelencia basada en la colaboración." Revista Española de Cardiología 65, no. 6 (June 2012): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2012.01.008.

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Elwakil, A. S., and A. M. Soliman. "Two Modified for Chaos Negative Impedance Converter Op Amp Oscillators with Symmetrical and Antisymmetrical Nonlinearities." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 06 (June 1998): 1335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498001030.

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Two sinusoidal oscillator circuits, that employ an operational amplifier (op amp) as a current negative impedance converter (CNIC), are modified for chaos using a nonlinear resistor of anti-symmetrical current-voltage characteristics formed by a junction field effect transistor (JFET) operating in the triode region. The internal op amp dominant pole is found to contribute significantly to the chaotic nature of one circuit while the other circuit develops different chaotic attractors when cubic and fifth power odd symmetrical nonlinearities are used. Mathematical models of the two generators are presented. Experimental laboratory results, circuit simulations and numerical simulations of the mathematical models well agree and are included.

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Guo, Jin-Cheng, Shuang-Sang Fang, Yang Wu, Jian-Hua Zhang, Yang Chen, Jing Liu, Bo Wu, et al. "CNIT: a fast and accurate web tool for identifying protein-coding and long non-coding transcripts based on intrinsic sequence composition." Nucleic Acids Research 47, W1 (May 31, 2019): W516—W522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz400.

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Abstract As more and more high-throughput data has been produced by next-generation sequencing, it is still a challenge to classify RNA transcripts into protein-coding or non-coding, especially for poorly annotated species. We upgraded our original coding potential calculator, CNCI (Coding-Non-Coding Index), to CNIT (Coding-Non-Coding Identifying Tool), which provides faster and more accurate evaluation of the coding ability of RNA transcripts. CNIT runs ∼200 times faster than CNCI and exhibits more accuracy compared with CNCI (0.98 versus 0.94 for human, 0.95 versus 0.93 for mouse, 0.93 versus 0.92 for zebrafish, 0.93 versus 0.92 for fruit fly, 0.92 versus 0.88 for worm, and 0.98 versus 0.85 for Arabidopsis transcripts). Moreover, the AUC values of 11 animal species and 27 plant species showed that CNIT was capable of obtaining relatively accurate identification results for almost all eukaryotic transcripts. In addition, a mobile-friendly web server is now freely available at http://cnit.noncode.org/CNIT.

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Tamargo, Juan, José M. Castellano, and Valentín Fuster. "The Fuster-CNIC-Ferrer Cardiovascular Polypill: a polypill for secondary cardiovascular prevention." International Journal of Cardiology 201 (December 2015): S15—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(15)31028-7.

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Velásquez Graciano, Oscar Darío, and José Vidal Pérez Morales. "Convergencia a Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad para el Sector Público (Nicsp): comparativo de los modelos de Colombia y Chile." Cuadernos de Contabilidad 19, no. 47 (December 5, 2018): 24–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.cc18-45.cnic.

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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo exteriorizar los adelantos que se vienen generando en algunos países de Latinoamérica, especialmente en Colombia y Chile, con el proceso de convergencia a las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera para el Sector Público (Nicsp), expedidas por el Consejo de Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad del Sector Público (International Public Accounting Standards Board/Ipsasb), de la Federación Internacional de Contadores (International Federation of Accountants /IFAC), organismo responsable de expedir las normas contables para ese sector. Los garantes de esos cambios normativos, en el caso colombiano, son el Ministerio de Hacienda y Crédito Público, por intermedio de la Unidad Administrativa de la Contaduría General de la Nación; y en el de Chile, la Contraloría General de la República de Chile. Para el logro del objetivo se utilizará la información legal y contable de los organismos reguladores de cada país, artículos relacionados con Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad para el Sector Público y el portal de la IFAC, entre otros.

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Kawakami, Kazumi, and Hanako Misao. "Factors Influencing the Competency of Certified Nurses in Infection Control (CNIC) in Japan." American Journal of Infection Control 46, no. 6 (June 2018): S55—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.04.112.

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Shen, Q., D. E. Ellis, Y. Lee, W. P. Halperin, J. A. Thompson, and B. M. Hoffman. "Monte Carlo study of magnetic properties of a Cu1 − cNic(pc) I spin chain." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 152, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)00436-x.

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Misao, Hanako, and Kazumi Kawakami. "Competency of Infection Preventionists in Japan." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1195.

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Backgrounds: In the United States, the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) announced a competency model for infection preventionists (IP) in 2011. On the other hand, IPs in Japan must develop their career by themselves because there are no guidelines of career development for Japanese IPs. In recent years, infectious diseases and infection control issues have become more global. Objective: Aiming for international collaboration among IPs, the purpose of this study were to clarify the actual competencies of IPs in Japan and the United States and to compare the competencies of both. We report on the competencies of IPs in Japan. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 67 certified nurses in infection control (CNIC) who responded to the translated version of the APIC Competency Model Assessment Tool. From the qualitative descriptive analysis of interview verbatim records, we extracted the behavioral characteristics and completed the questionnaire “Survey of Competency for Infection Preventionist,” which consisted of 130 items. A survey form was created using Survey Monkey. We sent e-mails to ask anonymous survey collaboration, including the URL of the survey form, to 2,284 CNIC and CNS in infection control professionals. The research was approved by the research ethics committee at the facility to which the researcher belongs (Juntendo University, approval no. 30–49). Results: The number of responses was 648 and the response rate was 28.4%. The mean years of experience as nurses of 648 respondents was 24.7 (SD, 6.9), and >60% belonged to general hospitals. The scores of mean and standard deviation of each category were as follows: “Clarification of infectious disease process” (mean, 79.1; SD, 13.2); “HAI surveillance and epidemiological survey” (mean, 49.3; SD, 12.3); “Prevention and control of transmission of infectious microorganisms” (mean, 93.8; SD, 17.3); “Management and communication” (mean, 128.5; SD, 23.7); “Education and Research” (mean, 56.8; SD, 11.0); “Employee and occupational health” (mean, 40.6; SD, 9.6); and the total score of all categories (mean, 449.4; SD, 74.4). Based on years of experience as infection preventionists, we divided them into 3 groups: beginners, competent, and experts. As the career level increased, each category score for competency increased (ANOVA, P < .001). However, the mean scores of competency did not reach 70% of the total score for the following categories: “Prevention and control of transmission of infectious microorganisms.” “Education and research,” and “Employee and occupational health.” Conclusions: The competencies that need to be strengthened for the career development of Japanese IPs have been clarified.Funding: This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI.Disclosures: None

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Rees, Adrian, Ali Sarbaz, Manuel S. Malmierca, and Fiona E. N. Le Beau. "Regularity of Firing of Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 2945–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.2945.

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Rees, Adrian, Ali Sarbaz, Manuel S. Malmierca, and Fiona E. N. Le Beau. Regularity of firing of neurons in the inferior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2945–2965, 1997. The spike discharge regularity of 254 tonically firing units in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the anesthetized guinea pig was studied in response to tones presented at best frequency (BF) to the ear contralateral to the recorded IC. Regularity of firing was measured by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) as a function of time over the course of a unit's response. Two hundred and fifteen units (56 under urethan and 159 under chloralose anesthesia) in the central nucleus of the IC (CNIC) were studied in detail. In response to tones at 15–25 dB above threshold, 80% of units in the urethan sample fired regularly (CV < 0.5) during their sustained response, and 46% were highly regular (CV ≤ 0.35). For chloralose the values were 68% and 23%, respectively. Units recorded under urethan were significantly more regular than those recorded under chloralose. For units in the sample with a measurable onset CV, 63% were regular and 44% highly regular under urethan, and 73% were regular and 54% highly regular under chloralose. The units' peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) patterns were classified into subdivisions of four categories: choppers [9%: chop-sustained (Cs), chop-onset (Co)]; pausers [42%: pauser-chop-sustained(P/Cs), pauser-chop-onset (P/Co), pauser-no-chop]; on-sustained(43%: primary-type, L-type, h-type); and sustained (6%). The presence of chopping was a reliable predictor of regularity: Cs and P/Cs units were highly regular throughout their response, whereas Co and P/Co units were highly regular at onset and became less regular. Some units in the other PSTH categories were highly regular despite the absence of chopping, and units with virtually identical PSTHs showed very different sustained CVs. Regularity was measured as a function of firing rate in 71 units. In 23%, regularity remained constant when firing rate changed with stimulus level. Forty-six percent fired more regularly as firing rate increased, 8% fired less regularly, and 23% of units showed no consistent relationship between CV and firing rate. Regularity did not correlate with the neurons' frequency response areas or BFs. Regular firing was also found in a smaller sample of units recorded in cortices surrounding the CNIC. We conclude that regular firing is a characteristic feature of most neurons in the IC. Regularity is a specific feature correlated with four PSTH types (Cs, Co, P/Cs, and P/Co). Other PSTH types may or may not exhibit regularity.

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Yang, Ming, and Xiao-qi Jin. "Improvement of visible light-induced photocatalytic performance by Cr-doped SrTiO3−carbon nitride intercalation compound (CNIC) composite." Journal of Central South University 23, no. 2 (February 2016): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3075-3.

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Khan, Abrar Ahmad. "Reformed GST: Challenges and Opportunities (PANEL DISCUSSION-II)." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.759-759.

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Reformed GST as you know is a law which we have introduced in National Assembly. Its main features are that we are proposing minimum exemptions because our present law gives lot of exemptions. The second basic thing is about zero rating. Presently we have zero rated even domestic supplies for five exports sectors and even others sectors also. We are restricting zero rating for exports only and for domestic supplies it will be taxable. The third major thing is that we are increasing registration threshold from Rs 5 million to Rs 7.5 million. This proposal will spare smaller tax payers from incurring the compliance cost related to keeping of records and filing of returns. Then the fourth major change in the new law is that buyers have to give their CNIC or NTN to the sellers. This provision will help in keeping smaller taxpayer outside tax net and bringing bigger ones in tax net. Then there are lot of distortions in the existing law in the form of special schemes and fixed tax schemes. These schemes will not be part of the new law. The new law has been discussed in Senate’s Finance Committee where there have been objections about certain provisions which have been considered as very harsh and government has promised to consider softening them.

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Herrera Galán, Michael, and Yoenia Duany Alfonso. "Validación de procesos con análisis inicial de criticidad aplicado a la obtención del principio activo policosanol (PPG)." Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v19n1.50002.

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El proceso de validación se puede definir como la técnica mediante la cual se estable evidencia documentada, con alto grado de aseguramiento, de que un proceso específico proporciona en forma consistente un producto que cubre con las especificaciones predeterminadas y sus atributos de calidad. Identificar cuáles son los activos que se someterán al proceso de validación es una tarea prioritaria para cualquier empresa que implemente un Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad, lo cual repercute de manera directa en el éxito de cualquier empresa. Como consecuencia de esto en septiembre de 2014, se diseñó un procedimiento en el departamento de Aseguramiento de la Calidad, dirección de Producción, CNIC, con el OBJETIVO de determinar aquellos equipos o sistemas de apoyo auxiliar que serán sometidos al proceso de validación. Para darle cumplimiento a nuestro objetivo el MÉTODO utilizado se basa en la combinación de técnicas de riesgos tradicionales como son los métodos comparativos, diagramas lógicos de fallas, estudios de riesgo y operatividad, análisis de modos de falla y efectos, y otros. Como RESULTADO se obtuvo un procedimiento general para la aplicación de la técnica de criticidad, la cual denominamos HAZID (HAZardIDentification), basado en el análisis de riesgos. Como CONCLUSIÓN fundamental se obtiene un criterio de partida para justificar la inclusión de un equipo o sistema al proceso de validación.

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Arranz, Lorena, Abel Sánchez-Aguilera, Joan Isern, Daniel Martín-Pérez, Alexandar Tzankov, Juerg Schwaller, Radek C. Skoda, and Simón Méndez-Ferrer. "Sympathetic Neuropathy Of The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Is Essential For Myeloproliferative Neoplasms." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.268.268.

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Abstract Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are originated by mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), frequently in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. Different outcomes of this common event and limited efficacy of JAK2 inhibitors suggest the contribution of other factors. Additional HSC mutations and HSC-niche interaction might influence MPN progression, characterized by sequential expansion of HSCs, blood cells and megakaryocytes. Ensuing bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and osteosclerosis, which are contributed by osteoblastic lineage cells in a BCR/ABL CML model (Schepers et al Cell Stem Cell 2013), impede normal hematopoiesis. We have previously shown that BM nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers regulate HSCs (Méndez-Ferrer et al Nature 2008 & 2010). Here we demonstrate that damage to this regulatory network is required for MPN manifestation. Nestin+ MSCs and NESTIN mRNA expression were rapidly reduced in the BM of MPN patients and mice expressing the human JAK2-V617F mutation. This reduction was not due to nestin+ MSC differentiation into fibroblasts or osteoblasts, as shown by 25-week lineage-tracing studies using Nes-CreERT2;RCE-loxP mice, but instead caused by early MSC apoptosis. In turn, nestin+ cell reduction stimulated MPN progression; selective nestin+ cell depletion using Nes-CreERT2;iDTA mice increased peripheral white and red blood cells, megakaryocytic invasion of spleen germinal centers and BM osteosclerosis. Our recent results indicate that the neural crest contributes during development to BM MSCs with specialized HSC niche function and that postnatal murine BM Nestin-GFP+ cells do not only contain MSCs but also Schwann cell precursor-like cells (Isern et al, ISSCR Annual Meeting 2013). BM Nestin-GFP+ cells from MPN mice showed reduced expression of HSC maintenance and mesenchymal genes, and increased expression of genes related to axon guidance and Schwann cell differentiation. Principal component analyses of independent biological samples further showed that control BM nestin+ cells clustered together with MSCs, whereas MPN BM nestin+ cells resembled Schwann cell precursors. These data suggested alterations to the neural component of the BM HSC niche in MPN. Indeed, BM sympathetic nerve fibers and Schwann cells, closely associated but different from Nestin-GFP+ cells, were rapidly reduced in the BM of diseased animals. Symptomatic MPN mice were treated with selective β3-adrenergic agonists to compensate for the loss of sympathetic stimulation of nestin+ MSCs. Treatment with BRL37344 or the recently FDA approved drug Mirabegron prevented MPN-associated neutrophilia and thrombocytosis, while it did not affect peripheral blood counts of wild-type mice. While vehicle-injected animals showed severe BM fibrosis, long-term BRL37344 treatment led to virtual absence of focal reticulin deposits or excessive fibroblasts. To further confirm the contribution of BM neural damage to MPN pathogenesis, diseased mice were treated with a neuroprotective agent. Sympathetic nerve-ensheathing Schwann cells were strongly reduced in the BM of vehicle-injected animals but preserved in 4-methylcatechol-treated mice. Like in BRL37344-treated animals, this was associated with prevention of very early MPN events, including neutrophilia and BM overproduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. Since MPN is originated by a mutant HSC, we reasoned that sympathetic neuropathy might contribute to MPN pathogenesis through early disruption of the HSC niche. The chemokine Cxcl12 regulates HSC migration and proliferation. At early MPN stage, HSC expansion and mobilization correlated with decreased BM Cxcl12 expression and protein levels. Concomitantly, BM nestin+ MSC number and their Cxcl12 expression were significantly reduced. BRL37344 treatment completely restored the number of BM nestin+ cells and improved Cxcl12 BM levels. Treatment with 4-methylcatechol or BRL37344 prevented the early expansion of mutant hematopoietic progenitors, whereas long-term BRL37344 treatment efficiently reduced mutant hematopoietic progenitor numbers in BM and peripheral blood. These results demonstrate that damage of the niche, induced by the mutated HSCs, critically contributes to JAK2-V617F+ MPN pathogenesis. They also unravel HSC niche-forming MSCs and their neural regulation as promising novel therapeutic targets in MPN. Disclosures: Arranz: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC): National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013, National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013 Patents & Royalties. Off Label Use: Beta-3-adrenergic agonists (e.g. FDA-approved Mirabegron) and neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of myeloprolifeative diseases. Isern:Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC): National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013, National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013 Patents & Royalties. Méndez-Ferrer:Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC): National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013, National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013 Patents & Royalties.

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Bayle-Guillemaud, Pascale, Cyril Dressler, Grégory Abadias, and Jany Thibault. "Structural evolution of Au[001]/Ni MBE thin films and Au1−cNic solid solutions with temperature: a HREM study." Thin Solid Films 318, no. 1-2 (April 1998): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(97)01167-x.

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Sala-Vila, Aleix, Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez, Gonzalo Pizarro, Carlos Calvo, Jose M. García-Ruiz, Leticia Fernández-Friera, Maite D. Rodriguez, et al. "Nutritional preconditioning by marine omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A METOCARD-CNIC trial substudy." International Journal of Cardiology 228 (February 2017): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.214.

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Adeen Akram, Muhammad Saleem Channarh, and Ahsan Ahmad. "BREAST FEEDING AND WEANING PRACTICES IN RURAL AREAS: ITS RELATION TO MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF AGE." Journal of University Medical & Dental College 7, no. 4 (March 3, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v7i4.208.

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Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to see the current breast feeding and weaning practices in our rural areas and its impact on the growth of children less than one year of age. Design: It is an observational descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Madinah Teaching Hospital University Medical and Dental College Faisalabad from June to September 2015. Patients and Methods: A total of 300 children belonging to rural areas were included in the study. The address was noted from the CNIC of father/mother/caregiver. Only children < 1 year of age belonging to rural areas were included in the study. Infants having chronic illnesses like congenital heart disease, Asthma, Tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency or congenital defects like cleft palate and lip were excluded from the study. The weight of each infant was recorded and Classified according to gomezs classification for malnutrition on a predesigned proforma. The data was assessed by using SPSS version 19. Results: Out of 300 infants 121 were on exclusive breast feeding, 81 were on predominant breast feeding and 98 were not being given breast milk. Early ablactation was also observed, at the age of>8-12 months 36 children were not being given breast milk. Weaning foods were started in 152 infants only. The infants who were not being given breast milk were the worst affected group by malnutrition, 37 infants had 3rd degree malnutrition similarly the infants who were not given weaning foods were also affected adversely by malnutrition , 40 infants had 3rd degree malnutrition as compared to 17 who were being given weaning foods. Conclusion: The breast feeding practices in our rural areas are not optimal, the timing and quality of weaning foods are also not appropriate. There is a significant association between breast feeding and weaning patterns with malnutrition in infants less than 12 months of age.

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Valle-Caballero, Maria Jose, Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez, Raquel Díaz-Munoz, Alonso Mateos, Marta Rodríguez-Álvarez, José A. Iglesias-Vázquez, Carmen Saborido, et al. "QRS distortion in pre-reperfusion electrocardiogram is a bedside predictor of large myocardium at risk and infarct size (a METOCARD-CNIC trial substudy)." International Journal of Cardiology 202 (January 2016): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.117.

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Gómez-Álvarez, Enrique, Juan Verdejo, Salvador Ocampo, Carlos I. Ponte-Negretti, Emilio Ruíz, and Marco Martínez Ríos. "The CNIC-polypill improves atherogenic dyslipidemia markers in patients at high risk or with cardiovascular disease: Results from a real-world setting in Mexico." IJC Heart & Vasculature 29 (August 2020): 100545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100545.

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Mateos, Alonso, Inés García-Lunar, José M. García-Ruiz, Gonzalo Pizarro, Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez, Pilar Huertas, Ana García-Álvarez, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Out-of-Hospital Intravenous Metoprolol Administration in Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the METOCARD-CNIC Trial." Annals of Emergency Medicine 65, no. 3 (March 2015): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.010.

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Ntaios, G., K. Vemmos, P. Papapetrou, S. Zafeiri, and G. Rubio. "PCV53 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CNIC POLYPILL - FIXED DOSE COMBINATION OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, RAMIPRIL AND ATORVASTATIN - FOR THE SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN GREECE." Value in Health 22 (November 2019): S550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.778.

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Lima, Allan Robson de Souza, Jeferson Antonio dos Santos Silva, Carla Medianeira Giroletta dos Santos, and Denise Prevedel Capristo. "Desempenho agronômico de linhagens e cultivares de feijão comum na região do ecótono Cerrado/Pantanal." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (May 1, 2020): e121973666. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.3666.

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O feijão tem sido amplamente cultivado em todo o território brasileiro. No entanto, baixos índices de produtividade têm sido obtido com o cultivo de muitas cultivares disponíveis no mercado, deste modo, o uso do melhoramento genético pode ser uma tecnologia para desenvolver cultivares de feijão mais produtivas e adaptadas às condições específicas de cada região brasileira. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as características agronômicas e a reação às doenças em 19 genótipos de feijão comum, do grupo comercial Carioca, entre linhagens e variedades comerciais, para se obter informações sobre os genótipos com melhor potencial produtivo na região de Aquidauana, MS. O experimento foi conduzido durante a safra da “seca”. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e 19 tratamentos (cultivares Pérola e BRS Estilo e as linhagens BRS CNFC 10429, BRS CNFC 10762, CNFC 15003, CNFC 15010, CNFC 15018, CNFC 15023, CNFC 15025, CNFC 15033, CNFC 15035, CNFC 15038, CNFC 15049, CNFC 15070, CNFC 15082, CNFC 15086, CNFC 15097, CNFC 15001, CNFC 15044). Os genótipos foram avaliados quanto aos caracteres: Dias para o florescimento (DFL); Dias para a maturação fisiológica (DMF); Altura de planta (APL); Número de vagens por planta (NVP); Número de grãos por vagens (NGV); Massa de 100 grãos (MCG); Produtividade de grãos (PROD) e Incidência de doenças. Os genótipos Pérola, BRS CNFC 10429, CNFC 15086, CNFC 15082 apresentaram-se mais produtivos e adaptados para a região do ecótono Cerrado-Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, e todos se mostram susceptíveis ao crestamento bacteriano.

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Lemos, Leandro Borges, Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, Edwin Camacho Palomino, and Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva. "Características agronômicas e tecnológicas de genótipos de feijão do grupo comercial Carioca." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 39, no. 4 (April 2004): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2004000400004.

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A busca por cultivares produtivas, adaptadas ao local de cultivo e com características tecnológicas desejáveis é uma constante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de genótipos de feijão, do grupo comercial Carioca, quanto a características agronômicas e tecnológicas. Vinte e nove genótipos foram cultivados na época das águas, nos anos de 2001 e 2002, e distribuídos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Sobressaíram-se os genótipos IAC-Carioca, FT-Bonito, Rudá, Porto Real, CNFC 8008, CNFC 8011, CNFC 8012, CNFC 8013 e CNFC 8156 com produtividade de grãos acima da média obtida. Destacaram-se com produtividade média de grãos acima de 3.000 kg ha-1 e tempo de cozimento médio em torno de 20 minutos, os genótipos IAC-Carioca, CNFC 8012 e CNFC 8156.

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Liu, Jen-Jane, Alexander S. Baras, Nilay M. Gandhi, Gunes Guner, Enrico Munari, Sheila Faraj, Janis M. Taube, et al. "PDL1 status in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma in the context of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2015): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.300.

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300 Background: Although complete and partial response rates to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cNAC) are 40-50% in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC), post-cystectomy cancer specific survival (CSS) for patients who fail to respond to cNAC is poor (5-y CSS = 27%). Therefore, up to half of MIUC could be amenable to alternative systemic therapies. Anti-programmed death ligand (PDL1) has shown promising results in tumors with proven PDL1 expression, including advanced stage MIUC. We evaluated PDL1 expression in MIUC in a cohort categorized by pathologic response to cNAC to test the hypothesis that anti-PDL1 therapy is a rational therapeutic option for patients non-responsive to cNAC. Methods: We studied 150 patients who received cNAC followed by open radical cystectomy (RC) from 2000-2013. Pathologic response (<pT1 N0 at RC) and CSS were compared to patients who had RC without cNAC. Tissue microarrays of MIUC specimens representing patients with and without response to cNAC were stained with PD-L1 (Cell-Signaling, E1L3N, 1:100) and FOXP3 (eBioscience, 236A/E7, 1:250). The degree of tumoral PDL1 and tumoral lymphocyte FOXP3 staining was manually scored. Tumors with 5% and >15/hpf staining were considered positive for PDL1 and FOXP3, respectively. Percentage of non-responders to cNAC staining positive for PDL1 was the primary outcome of our study. Results: The rate of PDL1 positivity in MIUC cNAC non-responders was 47% which was similar to the 43% rate in responders. There was a strong positive correlation of tumoral PDL1 staining with tumoral lymphocytes FOXP3 staining, Goodman-Kruskal gamma=0.71 (p<0.0001), which was independent of cNAC responder status (Table). Conclusions: Patients with MIUC that are non-responders to cNAC have poor long term CSS. Our results demonstrate that cNAC non-responders exhibit frequent PDL1 tumoral staining, suggesting that neoadjuvant or adjuvant anti-PDL1 therapy represents an attractive therapy worthy of prospective clinical trial testing in MIUC patients whose tumors do not respond to or in patients who cannot tolerate cisplatin based chemotherapy. [Table: see text]

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Ma, Pei, Shi Gu, Ganga H. Karunamuni, Michael W. Jenkins, Michiko Watanabe, and Andrew M. Rollins. "Cardiac neural crest ablation results in early endocardial cushion and hemodynamic flow abnormalities." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): H1150—H1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00188.2016.

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Cardiac neural crest cell (CNCC) ablation creates congenital heart defects (CHDs) that resemble those observed in many syndromes with craniofacial and cardiac consequences. The loss of CNCCs causes a variety of great vessel defects, including persistent truncus arteriosus and double-outlet right ventricle. However, because of the lack of quantitative volumetric measurements, less severe defects, such as great vessel size changes and valve defects, have not been assessed. Also poorly understood is the role of abnormal cardiac function in the progression of CNCC-related CHDs. CNCC ablation was previously reported to cause abnormal cardiac function in early cardiogenesis, before the CNCCs arrive in the outflow region of the heart. However, the affected functional parameters and how they correlate with the structural abnormalities were not fully characterized. In this study, using a CNCC-ablated quail model, we contribute quantitative phenotyping of CNCC ablation-related CHDs and investigate abnormal early cardiac function, which potentially contributes to late-stage CHDs. Optical coherence tomography was used to assay early- and late-stage embryos and hearts. In CNCC-ablated embryos at four-chambered heart stages, great vessel diameter and left atrioventricular valve leaflet volumes are reduced. Earlier, at cardiac looping stages, CNCC-ablated embryos exhibit abnormally twisted bodies, abnormal blood flow waveforms, increased retrograde flow percentage, and abnormal cardiac cushions. The phenotypes observed in this CNCC-ablation model were also strikingly similar to those found in an established avian fetal alcohol syndrome model, supporting the contribution of CNCC dysfunction to the development of alcohol-induced CHDs.

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Mateos, Alonso, Ines Garcia, Jose Manuel Garcia, Juan Valenciano, Pilar Huertas, Jose Antonio Iglesias, Maria Jose Fernandez, et al. "Pre-hospital metoprolol administration in Killip-class I–II anterior ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction is safe and reduces infarct size and adverse events. Insights from the METOCARD-CNIC trial." Resuscitation 85 (May 2014): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.03.017.

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Li, Yi-Ke, Fang-Lu Chi, Shu-Yi Wang, Wu-Qing Wang, Juan-Mei Yang, and Yi-Bo Huang. "Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/941065.

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Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (cNEC) is rarely seen in the external ear. In this paper, we newly describe a patient with cNEC in his right external auditory canal, followed by a further discussion on the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatments of cNEC of the external ear. A review of the literature showed that cNEC of the external auditory canal generally presents as asymptomatic and that pathology yields the most confirmative diagnosis. A wide resection with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is recommended. The overall prognosis of this condition is poor.

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Rhone, Erika T., Elissa Bardhi, Sai Vineela Bontha, Patrick D. Walker, Jorge A. Almenara, Catherine I. Dumur, Helen Cathro, Daniel Maluf, and Valeria Mas. "An Integrated Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Molecular Markers of Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115414.

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Calcineurin inhibitors are highly efficacious immunosuppressive agents used in pediatric kidney transplantation. However, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (CNIT) has been associated with the development of chronic renal allograft dysfunction and decreased graft survival. This study evaluated 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from pediatric kidney transplant recipients using gene expression profiling. Normal allograft samples (n = 12) served as negative controls and were compared to biopsies exhibiting CNIT (n = 11). The remaining samples served as positive controls to validate CNIT marker specificity and were characterized by other common causes of graft failure such as acute rejection (n = 7) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (n = 7). MiRNA profiles served as the platform for data integration. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction were the top molecular pathways associated with overexpressed genes in CNIT samples. Decreased ATP synthesis was identified as a significant biological function in CNIT, while key toxicology pathways included NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and increased permeability transition of mitochondria. An integrative analysis demonstrated a panel of 13 significant miRNAs and their 33 CNIT-specific gene targets involved with mitochondrial activity and function. We also identified a candidate panel of miRNAs/genes, which may serve as future molecular markers for CNIT diagnosis as well as potential therapeutic targets.

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GREEN, STEVEN, MICHEL CAVIGELLI, THANH DAO, and DENNIS FLANAGAN. "Care Needed in Comparisons." BioScience 56, no. 6 (2006): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[461:cnic]2.0.co;2.

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Yuan, Chenwang, Anthony Tony, Ruixue Yin, Kemin Wang, and Wenjun Zhang. "Tactile and Thermal Sensors Built from Carbon–Polymer Nanocomposites—A Critical Review." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041234.

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This paper provides a critical review of tactile and thermal sensors which are built from carbon nanomaterial-filled polymer composites (CNPCs). To make the review more comprehensive and systematic, the sensors are viewed as a system, and a general knowledge architecture for a system called function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS) is employed to classify information as well as knowledge related to CNPC sensors. FCBPSS contains six basic concepts, namely, F: function, C: context, B: behavior, P: principle, and SS: state and structure. As such, the principle that explains why such composites can work as temperature and pressure sensors, various structures of the CNPC sensor, which realize the principle, and the behavior and performance of CNPC sensors are discussed in this review. This review also discusses the fabrication of the CNPC sensor. Based on the critical review and analysis, the future directions of research on the CNPC sensor are discussed; in particular, the need to have a network of CNPC sensors that can be installed on curved bodies such as those of robots is elaborated.

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Carreras-Planella, Laura, Javier Juega, Omar Taco, Laura Cañas, Marcella Franquesa, Ricardo Lauzurica, and Francesc Enric Borràs. "Proteomic Characterization of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles from Kidney-Transplanted Patients Treated with Calcineurin Inhibitors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207569.

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Use of immunosuppressive drugs is still unavoidable in kidney-transplanted patients. Since their discovery, calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) have been considered the first-line immunosuppressive agents, in spite of their known nephrotoxicity. Chronic CNI toxicity (CNIT) may lead to kidney fibrosis, a threatening scenario for graft survival. However, there is still controversy regarding CNIT diagnosis, monitoring and therapeutic management, and their specific effects at the molecular level are not fully known. Aiming to better characterize CNIT patients, in the present study, we collected urine from kidney-transplanted patients treated with CNI who (i) had a normal kidney function, (ii) suffered CNIT, or (iii) presented interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) were enriched and the proteome was analyzed to get insight into changes happening during CNI. Members of the uroplakin and plakin families were significantly upregulated in the CNIT group, suggesting an important role in CNIT processes. Although biomarkers cannot be asserted from this single pilot study, our results evidence the potential of uEV as a source of non-invasive protein biomarkers for a better detection and monitoring of this renal alteration in kidney-transplanted patients.

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Anacleto Silva, Harry. "Atributos PNCC para reconocimiento robusto de locutor independiente del texto." REVISTA TECNOLOGÍA & DESARROLLO 14, no. 1 (November 21, 2016): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18050/td.v14i1.1258.

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El reconocimiento automÃ¡tico de locutores ha sido sujeto de intensa investigaciÃ³n durante toda la dÃ©cada pasada. Sin embargo las caracterÃsticas, del estado de arte de los algoritmos son drÃ¡sticamente degradados en presencia de ruido. Este artÃculo se centra en la aplicaciÃ³n de una nueva tÃ©cnica llamada Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefï€cients (PNCC) para el reconocimiento de locutor independiente del texto. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las caracterÃsticas de esta tÃ©cnica en comparaciÃ³n con la tÃ©cnica convencional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefï€cients (MFCC) y la tÃ©cnica Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefï€cients (GFCC).

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Jiang, Jie, Cuicun Wang, Yu Wang, Qiang Cao, Yongchao Tian, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao, and Xiaojun Liu. "Using an Active Sensor to Develop New Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve for Winter Wheat." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061577.

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Critical nitrogen (N) dilution curves (CNDCs) have been developed to describe the dilution dynamic of N and to diagnose N status in plants. In this study, to develop a convenient alternative CNDC determination method, four field experiments involving different N rates (0–360 kg N ha-1) and six wheat varieties were performed at different eco-sites from 2014 to 2019. The normalised difference red-edge (NDRE) index extracted from the RapidSCAN CS-45 (Holland Scientific Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) sensor was used as a driving factor instead of plant dry matter (PDM) to establish a new alternative winter wheat CNDC. The newly developed CNDC was described by the equation Nc = 0.90NDRE−0.88, when NDRE values were ≤ 0.19 and constant Nc = 3.81%, which was independent of the NDRE values. Compared to PDM-derived CNDC (R2 = 0.73) developed with the same dataset, a comparable precision was obtained using NDRE-derived CNDC (R2 = 0.76) and both CNDCs could accurately discriminate wheat N status. Moreover, the NDRE could be inexpensively and rapidly measured using the active sensor. The relationship between NDRE-derived CNDC and grain yield was also analysed to facilitate in-season N management, and the R2 value reached 0.79 and 0.87 at jointing and booting stages, respectively. The NDRE-based CNDC can be used to effectively diagnose wheat N status and as an alternative approach for non-destructive determination of crop N levels.

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Iorio-Morin, C., M. Kameda-Smith, SU Ahmed, M. Bigder, A. Dakson, C. Elliott, D. Guha, et al. "P.019 Report from the Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative – One year of resident-led multicentre research initiatives." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, S2 (June 2017): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.104.

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Background: The Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative (CNRC) was founded in November 2015 as a resident-led national network for multicentre research. We present an annual report of our activities. Methods: CNRC meetings and publications were reviewed and summarized. The status of ongoing and future studies was collected from project leaders. Results: In its first year, the CNRC produced two papers accepted for publication in the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences: A CNRC launch letter and a study of operative volume at Canadian neurosurgery residency programs. Three manuscripts are in preparation: 1) a study of the demographics of Canadian neurosurgery residents, 2) an assessment of mobile devices usage patterns and 3) a validation study of the most utilized neurosurgery mobile apps. In addition, protocols for two multi-centre studies are currently undergoing national Research Ethics Board review: A retrospective study of the incidence and predictors of cerebellar mutism and a prospective registry of external ventricular drain procedures and complications. The network is now a registered not-for-profit organization endorsed by the Canadian Neurosurgical Society. Conclusions: The CNRC is a feasibile, relevant and productive resident-led national research network. As the CNRC matures, we look forward to expanding the scope and impact of its projects.

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Nascente, Adriano Stephan, Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho, and Paulo Holanda Rosa. "Growth, nutrient accumulation in leaves and grain yield of super early genotypes of common bean." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 3 (September 2016): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4641144.

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ABSTRACT There is a lack of researches that evaluate the development and nutrient accumulation in super early genotypes of common bean for the elaboration of fertilization programs. This study aimed at characterizing the development; N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulation by leaves; grain yield; and yield components of super early genotypes of common bean. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized blocks design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the IPR Colibri (control), CNFC 15873, CNFC 15874 and CNFC 15875 genotypes. Plants were sampled throughout the common bean development, being divided into leaves, stems and pods. After determining the dry matter, the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulated in leaves were estimated. At harvesting, the grain yield and yield components were evaluated. The biomass accumulation in stems and leaves occurred until the flowering stage, and then it started in the pods until harvesting. The genotypes that absorbed more nitrogen and phosphorus had a higher grain yield. The average growing season of super early genotypes was 70 days (winter) and 63 days (summer). CNFC 15874 was the most productive genotype in the winter, with grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar (control). In the summer, CNFC 15873 and CNFC 15875 achieved grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar.

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Whitehouse, Gavin, Elizabeth Gray, Sotiris Mastoridis, Elliot Merritt, Elisavet Kodela, Jennie H. M. Yang, Richard Danger, et al. "IL-2 therapy restores regulatory T-cell dysfunction induced by calcineurin inhibitors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 27 (June 5, 2017): 7083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620835114.

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CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs constitute a heterogeneous lymphocyte subpopulation essential for curtailing effector T cells and establishing peripheral tolerance. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are among the most effective agents in controlling effector T-cell responses in humans. However, CNIs also reduce the size of the Treg pool. The functional consequences of this negative effect and the mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. We report here that CNIs compromise the overall Treg immunoregulatory capacity to a greater extent than would be predicted by the reduction in the size of the Treg compartment, given that they selectively promote the apoptosis of the resting and activated Treg subsets that are known to display the most powerful suppressive function. These effects are caused by reduced access to IL-2, because Tregs remain capable of translocating NFAT even in the presence of high CNI levels. Exogenous IL-2 restores the phenotypic changes and overall gene-expression effects exerted by CNIs and can even promote Treg expansion by enhancing antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression. In a skin transplant model, the addition of IL-2 synergizes with CNIs treatment, promoting intragraft accumulation of Tregs and prolonged allograft survival. Hence, the combination of IL-2 and CNIs constitutes an optimal immunomodulatory regimen that enhances the pool of suppressive Treg subsets while effectively controlling cytopathic T cells.

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Silva, Marina Borges de Oliveira, Abner José de Carvalho, José Eustáquio De Souza Carneiro, Ignacio Aspiazú, Érika Endo Alves, Andréia Márcia Santos de Souza David, Orlando Gonçalves Brito, and Pablo Fernando Santos Alves. "Technological quality of grains of common beans selected genotypes from the carioca group." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p1721.

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Common bean variety improvement programs focus on productivity increase as their main goal. However, some characteristics related to technological quality must also be analyzed in order to assure that new recommended cultivars satisfy key commercial standards, related to consumer acceptance. This study evaluated the technological quality of seeds from different ‘carioca’ bean genotypes. We tested seeds from 25 bean genotypes, selected by the State Consortium for Research on Common Bean Improvement (including EMBRAPA, UFLA, UFV and EPAMIG) for the VCU assay of the carioca variety, including 21 new lines and 4 commercial cultivars, used as controls. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. We assessed the following traits: seed shape, seed constriction, 1000-seed weight, percentage of hard seeds, soluble solids content, cooking time, seed coat percentage, and hydration capacity. According to our results, the cultivars that met the commercial standards for seed shape and constriction were EMB14, CNFC 10432, CNFC 10408, EMB4, P-18163, Pérola and BRSMG Madrepérola. Genotypes MAIV-18259, VC-20, VC-23, RCII-219, CVIII-2, EMB4, MAIV-15204, CVIII-5, and BRSMG Majestoso had 1000-seed weight within carioca bean commercial standards (a minimum of 23g per 100 seeds). Most genotypes had no hard seeds. Lines CNFC 10408, MAIV-18259 and P-18163 had the highest soluble solids content. Twenty genotypes had cooking times below the maximum required by commercial standard, with lines EMB9, EMB4, MAIV-18524, CNFC 11965, VC-17, and CNFC 10432 having the shortest cooking time. Lines CNFC 11965, EMB4, EMB14, and CNFC 10432 also had the shortest time to soaking.

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Khanal, Suraj, and R. Vadivelu. "Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: The effect of metoprolol in cardioprotection during an acute myocardial infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial." Indian Heart Journal 66, no. 1 (January 2014): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2013.12.044.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CNIC'

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