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Journal articles on the topic 'CNMR spectroscopy polymer analysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Koenig, Jack L. "Practical polymer analysis." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14, no. 2 (February 1995): XV—XVI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(95)90024-1.

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2

Izunobi, Josephat U., and Clement L. Higginbotham. "Polymer Molecular Weight Analysis by1H NMR Spectroscopy." Journal of Chemical Education 88, no. 8 (August 2011): 1098–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed100461v.

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3

Delgado-Macuil, R., M. Rojas-López, V. L. Gayou, A. Orduña-Díaz, and J. Díaz-Reyes. "ATR spectroscopy applied to photochromic polymer analysis." Materials Characterization 58, no. 8-9 (August 2007): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2006.12.003.

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4

Klopffer, Marie-Hélène, Liliane Bokobza, and Lucien Monnerie. "Analysis of polymer mobility by fluorescence spectroscopy." Macromolecular Symposia 119, no. 1 (July 1997): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19971190112.

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5

Fouquet, Thierry N. J. "The Kendrick analysis for polymer mass spectrometry." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 54, no. 12 (December 2019): 933–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4480.

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6

Fouquet, Thierry N. J. "The Kendrick analysis for polymer mass spectrometry." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 54, no. 12 (December 2019): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4247.

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7

DeThomas, Frank, Paul Brimmer, and Stephen Monfre. "Analysis of Polymer Pellets by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." NIR news 2, no. 3 (June 1991): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.55.

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8

Shaki, Hanieh, Alireza Khosravi, and Kamaladin Gharanjig. "Novel self-coloured polymers based on new fluorescent naphthalimide derivatives: synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2016-0080.

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Purpose In this study, two novel fluorescent dyes, based on naphthalimide derivatives have been synthesised from acenaphthene as a starting material. The ability of the dyes to graft to polymer chain was then demonstrated. The novel synthesised dyes and self-coloured polymers were characterised by a variety of techniques. Design/methodology/approach The novel dyes were prepared through by halogenation, oxidation, imidation and amination reactions. All steps of these processes were monitored by thin layer chromatography. The fluorescent dyes and their intermediates were characterised by differential scanning calorimeter, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13-CNMR) spectroscopic techniques. The molar extinction coefficients and absorption maximum wavelength were obtained by examining the dyes and polymer solutions in Dimethylformamide (DMF) and toluene solvents. The fluorescency of novel dyes and self-coloured polymers was evaluated. Their quantum yields and Stokes shift values were determined as DMF and toluene solutions. The percentage of the covalently bounded dyes into the polymer chain was calculated. Findings The characterisation of the synthesised dyes and self-coloured polymers verified their structural correctness. The results of reaction dyes with resin demonstrated that the dyes were covalently bonded to the chain of an acrylic polymer (resin) containing carboxylic acid groups giving self-coloured polymers. The extent of fluorescence of the synthesised dyes and their polymers showed that compounds containing functional amino group in C-4 position of naphthalimide ring have high fluorescence properties. Originality/value This study is original. Self-coloured polymers based on acrylic were synthesised by novel naphthalimide dyes with acrylic resin for the first time, successfully. The novel dyes and their self-coloured polymers exhibit good and acceptable fluorescent activity.
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9

McFarland, Coleen A., Jack L. Koenig, and John L. West. "Analysis of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals by Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 3 (March 1993): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066686.

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FT-IR microspectroscopy is used to compare the polymer and liquid crystal droplet regions within polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films. Thermoplastic polymer matrix PDLCs contain a higher amount of liquid crystal within the polymer regions than do thermoset polymer matrix films. IR functional group images of a droplet show characteristic textures corresponding to the visual images of the same droplet. The textures in the IR images change with IR polarization and with an applied electric field. Analysis by conventional IR spectroscopy shows that the C=N and the pentyl CH2 groups require an equivalent voltage to switch in the IR region. However, the phenyl C=C group does not exhibit changes under the same voltage conditions. Hysteresis also is seen in the infrared region as a function of voltage and temperature.
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10

Jones, E. G., D. L. Pedrick, and I. J. Goldfarb. "Application of thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy analysis for polymer characterization." Polymer Engineering and Science 28, no. 16 (August 1988): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281606.

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11

Rao, Qiuhua, and Shuren Yao. "Factor analysis for dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of polymer blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 64, no. 11 (June 13, 1997): 2067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19970613)64:11<2067::aid-app2>3.0.co;2-h.

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12

Dwyer, James L., and Ming Zhou. "Polymer Characterization by Combined Chromatography-Infrared Spectroscopy." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 (December 18, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/694645.

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Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in the analysis and characterization of polymers. Polymer products are not a singular species, but rather, they are a population of polymer molecules varying in composition and configuration plus other added components. This paper describes instrumentation that provides the benefit or resolving polymer populations into discrete identifiable entities, by combining chromatographic separation with continuous spectra acquisition. The technology also provides a way to determine the mass distribution of discrete components across the chromatographic distribution of a sample. Various examples of application of this technology to polymer products are described. Examples include additives analysis, resolution of polymer blends, composition characterization of copolymers, analysis of degradation byproducts, and techniques of analysis of reactive polymer systems.
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13

Li, Shangzhi, Bo Sun, Zhijin Shang, Biao Li, Ruyue Cui, Hongpeng Wu, and Lei Dong. "Quartz Enhanced Conductance Spectroscopy for Polymer Nano-Mechanical Thermal Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 18, 2020): 4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144954.

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A fast and highly sensitive polymer nano-mechanical thermal analysis method for determining the melting temperature (Tm) of polymer microwires was proposed. In this method, a small-size, low-cost quartz tuning fork was used as a piezoelectric transducer to analyze the thermodynamics of polymer microwires at the nanogram level without changing its own properties. Due to the thin wire sample, which has a length of 1.2 mm and a diameter of ~5 µm, which is bridged across the prongs of the tuning fork, the nanogram-level sample greatly reduces the thermal equilibrium time for the measurement, resulting in a fast analysis for the melting temperature of the polymer sample. Compared with the traditional method, the analysis method based on the quartz enhanced conductivity spectrum (QECS) does not require annealing before measurement, which is an essential process for conventional thermal analysis to reduce the hardness, refine the grain, and eliminate the residual stress. In this work, the melting temperatures of three of the most commonly used polymers, namely polymers polymethyl methacrylate, high-density polyethylene, and disproportionated rosin, were obtained under the temperature from room temperature to >180 °C, proving the QECS method to be a useful tool for nano-mechanical thermal analysis.
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14

Gupta, Shailendra Kumar, L. Sowjanya Pali, and Ashish Garg. "Impedance spectroscopy on degradation analysis of polymer/fullerene solar cells." Solar Energy 178 (January 2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.12.024.

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15

Hasegawa, Ray, Masanori Sakamoto, and Hideyuki Sasaki. "Dynamic Analysis of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal by Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 9 (September 1993): 1386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067441.

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The dynamic behavior of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) under an electric field has been studied by static and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The PDLC sample was prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation of a mixture of nematic liquid crystal E7 and acrylate. 2D IR correlation analysis indicates that the rigid core of the liquid crystal molecules reorients as a unit, and suggests that the polymer side chain existing in the interface between the polymer and the liquid crystals may reorient in phase with the liquid crystal reorientation by interaction with the liquid crystal molecules.
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16

Zheng, Huadan, Xukun Yin, Guofeng Zhang, Lei Dong, Hongpeng Wu, Xiaoli Liu, Weiguang Ma, et al. "Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy for nanomechanical analysis of polymer wire." Applied Physics Letters 107, no. 22 (November 30, 2015): 221903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4936648.

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17

Jayawickrama, Dimuthu A., Cynthia K. Larive, Elizabeth F. McCord, and D. Christopher Roe. "Polymer additives mixture analysis using pulsed-field gradient NMR spectroscopy." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 36, no. 10 (October 1998): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-458x(1998100)36:10<755::aid-omr362>3.0.co;2-o.

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18

Bokobza, Liliane. "Application of vibrational spectroscopy for the analysis of polymer composites." Macromolecular Symposia 205, no. 1 (January 2004): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200450106.

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19

Bunding Lee, Kathryn A., and S. C. Johnson. "Comparison of Mid-IR with NIR in Polymer Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 28, no. 3 (September 1993): 231–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05704929308018113.

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20

Bokobza, Liliane, Michel Couzi, and Jean-Luc Bruneel. "RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYMER–CARBON NANOMATERIAL COMPOSITES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 90, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.16.83759.

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ABSTRACT Raman spectroscopy is potentially useful in the analysis of polymer composites filled with carbon materials. These carbon materials that display strong resonance-enhanced Raman scattering effects give rise to strong bands even if used at very low filler loading, thus making Raman spectroscopy one of the most important techniques for the analysis of various properties of the composites. Factors that influence the Raman signal are presented and discussed for correct acquisition and interpretation of the spectra of polymer composites. Special attention is given to the characterization of the polymer–filler interface, which has been shown to play a crucial role in the extent of property improvement of the polymeric matrix.
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21

Wheeler, L. M., and J. N. Willis. "Gel Permeation Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Interface for Polymer Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 8 (August 1993): 1128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067982.

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A new solvent elimination interface capable of operating at elevated temperatures, here 145°C, has been used to collect polymer molecular weight fractions eluting from a gel permeation chromatogram and to prepare them for IR analysis. The sample is deposited continuously onto a rotating germanium disk which can subsequently be scanned with the use of GC/FT-IR software, allowing direct access to the polymer or copolymer composition as a function of molecular weight. Data are presented here for an ethylene-propylene copolymer which has a distinct bimodal molecular weight distribution. Both the concentration profile and the “composition distribution” are examined. For the polymer concentration profile, comparison is made between the chromatogram obtained with a differential refractive index (DRI) detector and the IR detector (plotting the absorbance as a function of time using Gram-Schmidt vector orthogonalization). The copolymer composition is determined from the relative absorbance of methyl and methylene groups in the CH stretching region. The results show a small change in propylene content as a function of molecular weight, and there is good agreement between composition calculated with the use of the Gram-Schmidt and point-to-point methods.
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22

Landreth, B. M., and S. I. Stupp. "Electric Field FT-IR: Analysis of a Liquid Crystalline Polymer." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 7 (September 1986): 1032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508025.

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in a reflective mode has been utilized to study the dynamics of molecular structure in a polymeric liquid crystalline melt. The experimental setup included a thermo-electric cell which allows heating, melting of the sample, and also application of an electric ([Formula: see text]) field during spectroscopic observation. It was therefore possible to monitor orientation of dipolar groups as a function of time during thermal and electrical treatments. The material studied was a liquid crystalline copolyester, and orientation was monitored through absorbance associated with stretching of carbonyl bonds. Measurements taken on a melt of this material reveal an orientational response of carbonyl groups which begins immediately upon application of a relatively low [Formula: see text]-field (3750 V cm−1) and continues over a period of approximately one hour. It was somewhat surprising that a measurable change in dipolar orientation was observed. Cooperative dipolar phenomena and the torque-transmitting elasticity of the mesomorphic fluid are thought to be important factors in the observed behavior.
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23

Apruzzese, Francesca, Ramin Reshadat, and Stephen T. Balke. "In-Line Monitoring of Polymer Processing. II: Spectral Data Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 10 (October 2002): 1268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760354713.

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The objective of this work was to examine the application of various multivariate methods to determine the composition of a flowing, molten, immiscible, polyethylene–polypropylene blend from near-infrared spectra. These spectra were acquired during processing by monitoring the melt with a fiber-optic-assisted in-line spectrometer. Undesired differences in spectra obtained from identical compositions were attributed to additive and multiplicative light scattering effects. Duplicate blend composition data were obtained over a range of 0 to 100% polyethylene. On the basis of previously published approaches, three data preprocessing methods were investigated: second derivative of absorbance with respect to wavelength (d2), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and a combination consisting of MSC followed by d2. The latter method was shown to substantially improve superposition of spectra and principal component analysis (PCA) scores. Also, fewer latent variables were required. The continuum regression (CR) approach, a method that encompasses ordinary least squares (OLS), partial least squares (PLS), and principle component regression (PCR) models, was then implemented and provided the best prediction model as one based on characteristics between those of PLS and OLS models.
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24

Elmasly, Saadeldin E. T., Luca Guerrini, Joseph Cameron, Alexander L. Kanibolotsky, Neil J. Findlay, Karen Faulds, and Peter J. Skabara. "Synergistic electrodeposition of bilayer films and analysis by Raman spectroscopy." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (August 21, 2018): 2186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.191.

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A novel methodology towards fabrication of multilayer organic devices, employing electrochemical polymer growth to form PEDOT and PEDTT layers, is successfully demonstrated. Moreover, careful control of the electrochemical conditions allows the degree of doping to be effectively altered for one of the polymer layers. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation and doped states of the PEDOT/PEDTT bilayer. The electrochemical deposition of a bilayer containing a de-doped PEDTT layer on top of doped PEDOT is analogous to a solution-processed organic semiconductor layer deposited on top of a PEDOT:PSS layer without the acidic PSS polymer. However, the poor solubility of electrochemically deposited PEDTT (or other electropolymerised potential candidates) raises the possibility of depositing a subsequent layer via solution-processing.
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25

Hall, Jeffrey W., Denise E. Grzybowski, and Stephen L. Monfre. "Analysis of Polymer Pellets Obtained from Two Extruders Using near Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 1, no. 1 (January 1993): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.6.

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The near infrared spectroscopic determination of additive levels in polypropylene pellets obtained from two process extruders/pelletisers is described. A quotient-term multiple linear least-squares spectroscopic model was derived that characterises analyte concentration and corrects for spectroscopic differences within the matrix due to the extruder/pelletisers. The analytical error of the spectroscopic model is comparable to the reference method used to derive the spectroscopic model.
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26

Abina, Andreja, Uroš Puc, Anton Jeglič, and Aleksander Zidanšek. "Structural analysis of insulating polymer foams with terahertz spectroscopy and imaging." Polymer Testing 32, no. 4 (June 2013): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.004.

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27

Hook, Thomas J., Robert L. Schmitt, Joseph A. Gardella, Lawrence Salvati, and Roland L. Chin. "Analysis of polymer surface structure by low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy." Analytical Chemistry 58, no. 7 (June 1986): 1285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00298a004.

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28

Giacinti Baschetti, Marco, Enrico Piccinini, Timothy A. Barbari, and Giulio C. Sarti. "Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Dilation during Sorption Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy." Macromolecules 36, no. 25 (December 2003): 9574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0302457.

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29

Chubarova, E. V., and E. Yu Melenevskaya. "Analysis of Interactions in Fullerene‐solvent‐polymer System by UV‐spectroscopy." Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 16, no. 5-6 (September 2008): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15363830802313808.

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30

Kotzianová, Adéla, Jiří Řebíček, Marek Pokorný, Jan Hrbáč, and Vladimír Velebný. "Raman spectroscopy analysis of biodegradable electrospun nanofibers prepared from polymer blends." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 147, no. 5 (January 15, 2016): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1639-9.

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31

Kikuma, Jun, Tokuzou Konishi, and Tetsu Sekine. "Polymer analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy using sectioning and cryogenic cooling." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 69, no. 2 (September 1994): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(94)02215-l.

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32

McPeters, H. Lee. "On-line analysis of polymer melt processes." Analytica Chimica Acta 238 (1990): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80526-7.

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33

Schoonover, Jon R., Shuliang L. Zhang, Jon S. Bridgewater, George J. Havrilla, Michael A. Fletcher, and J. M. Lightfoot. "Polymer Degradation Study by Factor Analysis of GPC-FT-IR Data." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 7 (July 2001): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011952749.

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34

Sun, Jiefang, Qian Ma, Dingshuai Xue, Wenchong Shan, Runqing Liu, Baolei Dong, Jing Zhang, Zhanhui Wang, and Bing Shao. "Polymer/inorganic nanohybrids: An attractive materials for analysis and sensing." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 140 (July 2021): 116273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2021.116273.

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35

Yu, Jing, Yan Kang, Hongyang Zhang, Feng Yang, Huajun Zhen, Xixi Zhu, Ting Wu, and Yiping Du. "A Polymer-Based Matrix for Effective SALDI Analysis of Lipids." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 32, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jasms.1c00010.

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36

Monteiro, Sergio Neves, Frederico Muylaert Margem, Jean Igor Margem, Lucas Barbosa de Souza Martins, Caroline Gonçalves Oliveira, and Michel Picanço Oliveira. "Infra-Red Spectroscopy Analysis of Malva Fibers." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.255.

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The growing interest for natural materials as an environmentally friendly alternative for the substitution of energy intensive and non-sustainable synthetic materials, has motivated the use of lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement of polymer composites. The malva fiber, a relatively unknown lignocellulosic fiber with potential for composite reinforcement, still needs to be characterized for possible engineer applications. Therefore, the present work analyzed the malva fiber by means of Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The malva fiber FTIR spectrum revealed main absorption bands typical of any lignocellulosic fiber. However, some specific bands as well as bands broadening and intensity suggested particular activities for functional molecular groups in the malva fiber.
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37

Iyan Sopyan, Ni Made Widya Sukma Santi, Alif Virisy Berlian, Noer Erin Meilina, Qisti Fauza, and Restu Amelia Apriyandi. "A review: Pharmaceutical excipients of solid dosage forms and characterizations." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 1472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2020.

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Excipients play an important role in formulating dosage forms. Exertion is empowered to help manufacture, provide, or collect dosage forms. Although considered pharmacological, excipients may consider a drug, due to chemical or physical interactions with the composition of the drug. Excipients have many functions in pharmaceutical dosage forms, including enhancing active ingredients in dosage forms, assisting active ingredients, disintegration, lubricants, binders, and suppliers. Each excipient has different characteristics. In this review, a library of studios is provided relating to the function, function, and content of solid excipients in a solid sedan. Various choices can be used on different compositions; resulting, this difference is also different. In this example, describe the types of excipients that can be used for various components in solid preparations that can be used in the formulation of solid preparations and select the right type of excipient according to the character of the desired solid preparation. In this review also presented a method, combining in and characterizing solid excipients to see the quality. The most commonly used methods for analysis of solid excipients are flow properties, compressibility index, Hausner index ratios, and angle of repose, while the instrumentation commonly used is Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), H and C-Nucleo magnetic resonance (H-CNMR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRDP) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
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38

Cole, K. C., Y. Thomas, E. Pellerin, M. M. Dumoulin, and R. M. Paroli. "New Approach to Quantitative Analysis of Two-Component Polymer Systems by Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 6 (June 1996): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963905646.

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A new treatment is proposed for quantitative analysis of two-component polymer systems by infrared spectroscopy. Like much previous work, it is based on a ratio involving two peaks in the same spectrum. The relationship between such a ratio and the concentration of a given polymer is inherently nonlinear. It is shown that this nonlinearity can be well described by a simple equation derived from the laws of optical transmission. This equation has the form χ1 = m1 + m2 R/(1 + m3 R), where χ1 is the weight fraction of polymer 1, the mi are adjustable coefficients, and the ratio R is equal to Aa/( Aa + Ab). The quantities Aa and Ab are the absorbances (peak heights or areas) at two frequencies a and b of which the first is associated mainly with polymer 1 and the second with polymer 2. This equation has been applied to various peak combinations in spectra of miscible blends of poly(phenylene ether) with polystyrene (both mid-IR and near-IR data) and immiscible blends of polypropylene with polyethylene (mid-IR data). It is shown that the equation is valid in all cases, covering the full concentration range from 0 to 100% even when the peaks used for the analysis involve absorption by both polymers. It is therefore believed to be of broad general usefulness for the analysis of polymer blends and copolymers.
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39

Sombat, Witsanu, Natsiri Wongsang, Somboon Sahasitthiwat, and Rukkiat Jitchati. "A Novel Charged Iridium Polymer for Polymer Light Emitting Diode." Defect and Diffusion Forum 382 (January 2018): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.382.332.

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The charged iridium(III) complex polymers based on 1,10-phenanthroline in the polyfluorene backbones were synthesized by Suzuki-polycondensation. PFIr01, PFIr03, PFIr05, PFIr07 and PFIr10 were obtained by varying the content of iridium(III) unit in the polymer from 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.10 mol%, respectively. The molecular structures of polymers were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography. Their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis, UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The polymer light-emitting diodes were fabricated with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al.
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40

KIKUMA, JUN, TOKUZOU KONISHI, AKIRA NAKAMURA, and NOBUHIRO TAMURA. "POLYMER ANALYSIS BY USING AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH ULTRATHIN SECTIONING METHOD." Analytical Sciences 7, Supple (1991): 1609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.supple_1609.

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41

Harada, Masafumi, Kiyotaka Asakura, Yasumitsu Ueki, and Naoki Toshima. "Structural analysis of polymer-protected palladium/rhodium bimetallic clusters using EXAFS spectroscopy." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 41 (October 1993): 10742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100143a037.

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42

Herrera-Gómez, A., G. Velázquez-Cruz, and M. O. Martín-Polo. "Analysis of the water bound to a polymer matrix by infrared spectroscopy." Journal of Applied Physics 89, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 5431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1365427.

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43

Takei, Takaya, Yousuke Inoue, and Yoshinori Sugitani. "State Analysis of Bound Water in Hydrophilic Polymer by High frequency Spectroscopy." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 33, no. 4 (2008): 1371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.33.1371.

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44

Mohapatra, Saumya R., Awalendra K. Thakur, and R. N. P. Choudhary. "Vibrational spectroscopy analysis of ion conduction mechanism in dispersed phase polymer nanocomposites." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 47, no. 1 (November 24, 2008): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.21613.

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Chalmers, John M., and Neil J. Everall. "Polymer Analysis and Characterization by FTIR, FTIR-Microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometrics." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 5, no. 3 (June 1999): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236669908009739.

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Reske, Thomas, Katharina Wulf, Thomas Eickner, Niels Grabow, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, and Stefan Siewert. "Non-destructive analysis of drug content in polymer coatings with Raman spectroscopy." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0118.

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Abstract:
AbstractThe analysis of device drug content typically is carried out by means of chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). These approved methods are particularly fast, cost-efficient and ubiquitous in chemical-analytical laboratories. However, these quantitative methods necessitate the drug being eluted, which represents a destructive process. A novel alternative to these well-established methods [1, 2] is the Raman spectroscopy, which is fast and cost-efficient, as well [3]. Additionally, it offers the advantage of nondestructive analysis without the need for a special sample preparation. Within the current investigation we applied Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dexamethasone (DMS), a glucocorticoid, incorporated in a silicone matrix. The investigation was conducted in a rectangular area on the sample surface. The required number of measuring points (spectra) was determined. Calibration was performed with samples containing different amounts of DMS. The evaluation of Raman spectra is based on the analysis of the peak areas of the bands at 795 rel. cm-1(silicone) and 1,663 rel. cm-1(DMS). Remarkably, next to a precise overview of DMS distribution, an exact and reproducible quantification of incorporated DMS could be obtained.
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Huck, Christian W. "The Future Role of near Infrared Spectroscopy in Polymer and Chemical Analysis." NIR news 27, no. 1 (February 2016): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.1577.

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Chakrapani, Sneha B., Michael J. Minkler, and Bryan S. Beckingham. "Low-field 1H-NMR spectroscopy for compositional analysis of multicomponent polymer systems." Analyst 144, no. 5 (2019): 1679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an01810c.

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Briggs, D., and M. J. Hearn. "Analysis and chemical imaging of polymer surfaces by secondary ion mass spectroscopy." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 40, no. 5-6 (January 1985): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(85)80120-8.

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Zumelzu, E., F. Rull, P. Schmidt, and A. A. Boettcher. "Structural analysis of polymer-metal laminates by electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy." Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 89, no. 1 (March 2006): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02699615.

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