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Nurani, Ni Nyoman. "PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU MASSA COR CN (CN2, CN3, CN6, CN7, CN8) TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI PROSES DAN VARIABEL KEUANGAN PADA UPT PSTKP BALI-BPPT." Forum Manajemen 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v14i1.124.
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Abstracts: The aims of this are to know the influence of CN casting massa raw materialcomposition to technology process, cost of goods manufactured calculation, transferprice determination, inventory valuation, operating expense and operating profitrecognition. The research results shew that: (1) the production process technologyCN casting massa follow by: weighting, grussing, mixing, filtring, and carrying.On the weighting process, the greater amount of composition and/or kinds of rawmaterial, the more complex and longer of weighting process. The raw materialcomposition influenced process technology CN casting massa superior on weightingprocess; (2) the cost of good manufactured CN casting massa was Rp 2.896,83 forCN2, Rp 3.031,83 for CN3, Rp 3.017,00 for CN6, Rp 3.004,52 for CN7, and Rp2.996,50 for CN8. (3) the transfer price CN casting massa composition was Rp3.302,39 for CN2, Rp 3.456,28 for CN3, Rp 3.473,58 for CN6, Rp 3.425,15 for CN7,and Rp 3.416,01 for CN8. (4) the ending inventory CN casting massa compositionwas Rp 434.524,50 for CN2, Rp 454.774,50 for CN3, Rp 457.050,00 for CN6, Rp450.678,00 for CN7, and Rp 449.475,00 for CN8. (5) the marketing expense CNcasting massa was Rp 173,81 for CN2, Rp 181,91 for CN3, Rp 182,82 for CN6, Rp180,27 for CN7, and Rp 179,79 for CN8. (6) The operating profit CN casting massa was Rp 115,87 for CN2, Rp 121,27 for CN3, Rp 121,88 for CN6, Rp 120,18 for CN7,and Rp 119,86 for CN8.
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IRAWATI, WAHYU, NOMMENSEN PANGIHUTAN OMPUSUNGGU, DWI NINGSIH SUSILOWATI, and TRIWIBOWO YUWONO. "Molecular and physiological characterization of indigenous copper-resistant bacteria from Cikapundung River, West Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200206.
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Irawati W, Ompusunggu NP, Susilowati DN, Yuwono T. 2019. Molecular and physiological characterization of indigenous copper-resistant bacteria from Cikapundung River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 344-349. The use of indigenous bacteria as bioremediation agents in wastewater treatments plant is a promising solution for tackling the environmental problem. The objectives of this research were to establish the phylogenetic tree and physiological characterization of copper-resistant bacteria isolated from Cikapundung River, West Java, Indonesia. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 16S rDNA sequences. Physiological characterization including growth and the potency of bacterial strain for copper accumulation and copper removal was also studied. Five highly copper-resistant bacteria designated as strains CN1, CN2, CN5, CN6, and CN8 have been isolated from Cikapundung river with the MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of 5 mM-8mM. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains CN1 and CN6 belong to Klebsiella pneumoniae with the similarity of 99%. Meanwhile, strain CN2, CN5, and CN8 belong to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp. and Escherichia coli with the similarity of 99%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. The highest resistant bacterial isolates were strains CN6 and CN8 with the MICs of 8 mM. The highest accumulation capability was found in strain CN1 with a total of 4.62 mg/g dry weight of cells. Meanwhile, strain CN8 demonstrated the highest copper removal with the value of 48.15%.
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Voykov, B., and F. Ziemssen. "Myope CNV." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 228, no. 09 (September 2011): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1281583.
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Vandeweyer, Geert, Edwin Reyniers, Wim Wuyts, Liesbeth Rooms, and R. Frank Kooy. "CNV-WebStore: Online CNV Analysis, Storage and Interpretation." BMC Bioinformatics 12, no. 1 (2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-4.
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Bauer, Herbert, Charles Rebert, Christian Korunka, and Michael Leodolter. "Rare events and the CNV — the oddball CNV." International Journal of Psychophysiology 13, no. 1 (July 1992): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(92)90020-c.
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Chen, Wei, Yubo Guan, Guanghui He, Zhiwei Li, Hui Song, Shiyong Xie, and Quanhong Han. "Aqueous Levels of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor and Macular Choroidal Thickness in High Myopia." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/731461.
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Purpose. To investigate the correlation between aqueous and serum levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and macular choroidal thickness in high myopia patients, both with and without choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods. Serum and aqueous levels of PEDF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 36 high myopia patients (36 eyes) with no CNV (non-CNV group), 14 high myopia patients (14 eyes) with CNV (CNV group), and 42 nonmyopia patients (42 eyes) (control group). Macular choroidal thickness was measured by enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography.Results. Aqueous levels of PEDF were significantly higher in CNV group compared with non-CNV (P<0.001) and control (P<0.001) groups. Macular choroidal thicknesses were significantly decreased in the non-CNV and CNV groups compared with the control (P<0.001) group. A statistically significant difference (P=0.012) was found between the CNV and non-CNV groups. There was a positive correlation between aqueous PEDF and macular choroidal thickness in the non-CNV group (P=0.005), but no correlation with the CNV group. No correlation between serum PEDF and macular choroidal thickness was detected in the three groups.Conclusion. Variations in aqueous PEDF levels coincide with changes in macular choroidal thickness in high myopia patients with no CNV, while no such relationship exists in high myopia patients with CNV.
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Lee, Dong Hyun, Hyun Goo Kang, Sung Chul Lee, and Min Kim. "Features of optical coherence tomography predictive of choroidal neovascularisation treatment response in pathological myopia in association with fluorescein angiography." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 2 (June 9, 2017): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310244.
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Background/AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of several optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings to estimate choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) activity in pathological myopia using fluorescein angiography (FA) as a reference.MethodsThis was a single-centre, retrospective study. The medical records of patients with active myopic CNV who received intravitreal bevacizumab treatment were reviewed. Parameters to monitor CNV activity were morphological features of CNV on OCT, such as CNV height, central foveal thickness, intraretinal cysts, subretinal fluid, fuzziness of the CNV border, CNV network area on FA, and haemorrhage or exudation on fundus photo.ResultsThere were 46 patients with active CNV enrolled in this study. After intravitreal bevacizumab treatment, all the previously mentioned parameters of CNV were significantly improved. Using logistic regression analyses with backward elimination, the fuzzy border seen on OCT showed the most significant correlation with improvement of leakage on FA, when compared with other variables such as intraretinal cysts, subretinal fluid or central foveal thickness (R2=0.324, p=0.009).ConclusionOur study showed that the fuzziness of the hyper-reflective CNV margin showed the most significant improvement and the strongest correlation with the improvement of CNV leakage on FA after intravitreal bevacizumab injections, suggesting its important role as an OCT parameter for the assessment of myopic CNV activity.
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Forte, Raimondo, Florence Coscas, Rita Serra, Diogo Cabral, Donato Colantuono, and Eric H. Souied. "Long-term follow-up of quiescent choroidal neovascularisation associated with age-related macular degeneration or pachychoroid disease." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 8 (October 29, 2019): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315189.
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AimsTo evaluate the long-term progression of quiescent type 1 choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or with pachychoroid disease.MethodsAll cases of quiescent type 1 CNV with a minimum follow-up of 12 months seen at the Department of Ophthalmology of University Paris Est, Creteil and at the Centre Ophtalmologique de l’Odeon, Paris, between June 2009 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) of eyes not showing CNV activation during 24 months was evaluated for quantitative analyses of CNV status biomarkers (fractal dimension, lacunarity, vessel density, aspect ratio, CNV area).ResultsA total of 67 eyes (65 patients, 43 females, mean age 76.63±9.7 years) with quiescent CNV and a mean follow-up of 49.56±27.3 (12–112) months were included. Of 28 eyes showing activation of quiescent CNV, 12 eyes with pachychoroid-associated CNV showed reduced visual loss (−3.28 ETDRS letters, p=0.7 vs −13.03 ETDRS letters, p=0.02), greater choroidal thinning (−59.5 µm, p=0.03 vs – 16.36 µm, p=0.3) and needed less antivascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections (IVI) (0.09 vs 0.21, p=0.01) than 16 eyes with AMD-associated CNV. CNV area was the only OCT-A biomarker to significantly change during 24 months in inactive quiescent CNV (+29.5%, p=0.01, in pachychoroid group and +27.1%, p=0.03, in the AMD group).ConclusionIn the long-term follow-up, inactive quiescent CNV showed an increase of CNV area without significant changes of the other OCT-A biomarkers. Quiescent type 1 CNV undergoing activation showed greater response to IVI when associated to pachychoroid.
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Rush, Ryan B., and Sloan W. Rush. "Evaluation of Idiopathic Choroidal Neovascularization with Indocyanine Green Angiography in Patients Undergoing Bevacizumab Therapy." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/642624.
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Purpose. To examine the clinical implications of change in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size on indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in subjects with idiopathic CNV undergoing bevacizumab therapy.Methods. The charts of subjects with an idiopathic CNV treated by a modified PRN regimen with intravitreal bevacizumab over a 12-month period were retrospectively reviewed.Results. There were 34 subjects included in the analysis. Baseline CNV sizes of less than 1.0 mm2on ICG angiography correlated with complete CNV resolution (P=0.0404), fewer injections delivered (P=0.0002), and better Snellen visual acuity (P=0.0098) at 12 months. Subjects that experienced a 33% or more reduction in CNV size on ICG angiography at 2 months had complete CNV resolution (P=0.0047) and fewer injections (P<0.0001) at 12 months compared to subjects that did not experience a 33% or more reduction in CNV size on ICG angiography at 2 months.Conclusions. Smaller baseline CNV size on ICG angiography resulted in better visual acuity and fewer injections at 12 months, and a reduction of 33% or more in CNV size after 2 months may predict a better clinical course in subjects with idiopathic CNV undergoing bevacizumab therapy.
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Gong, Jingwen, Suqin Yu, Yuanyuan Gong, Fenghua Wang, and Xiaodong Sun. "The Diagnostic Accuracy of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Comparison with Fundus Fluorescein Angiography." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7521478.
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Purpose.To describe the morphological characteristics and efficacy of OCTA in detecting CNV in nAMD. We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients (86 eyes) with suspected CNV secondary to wet AMD. All the patients underwent a multimodal assessment for CNV. Two independent readers calculated the sensitivity and specificity of OCTA in detecting CNV compared with FA. A qualitative analysis of OCTA was also performed to describe the morphological appearance of CNV. Among 86 eyes of 53 patients, 52 eyes were diagnosed as having CNV based on the FA imaging analysis. According to FA, CNV was classified as classic in 28 eyes, predominantly classic in 6 eyes, minimally classic in 9 eyes, and occult in 9 eyes. In 56 eyes, CNV was visualized on OCTA and corresponding OCT B-scans. In total, 46.4% (26/56) had well-circumscribed vessels, and 53.6% (30/56) showed poorly circumscribed vessels. There were 11 false positives and 7 false negatives using OCTA. The specificity of OCTA for the detection of CNV was 67.6%, with sensitivity of 86.5%. OCTA may help in the noninvasive diagnosis of CNV and may provide a method for monitoring the evolution of CNV.
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Liu, Shan, Antje K. Biesemeier, Alexander V. Tschulakow, Harsh V. Thakkar, Sylvie Julien-Schraermeyer, and Ulrich Schraermeyer. "A new rat model of treatment-naive quiescent choroidal neovascularization induced by human VEGF165 overexpression." Biology Open 9, no. 6 (February 21, 2020): bio048736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.048736.
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ABSTRACTVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial stimulator for choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Our aim was to develop a reproducible and valid treatment-naive quiescent CNV (i.e. without signs of exudation and with normal visual acuity) rat model by subretinal injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-VEGFA165 vector. The CNV development was longitudinally followed up in vivo by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/optical coherence tomography, fluorescein and Indocyanine Green angiographies and ex vivo by electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemistry. In total, 57 eyes were analysed. In vivo, a quiescent CNV was observed in 93% of the eyes 6 weeks post-transduction. In EM, CNV vessels with few fenestrations, multi-layered basement membranes and bifurcation of endothelial cells were observed sharing the human CNV features. Human VEGF overexpression, multi-layered retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (RPE65) and macrophages/activated microglia (Iba1) were also detected. In addition, 19 CNV eyes were treated for up to 3 weeks with bevacizumab. The retinal and CNV lesion thickness decreased significantly in bevacizumab-treated CNV eyes compared with untreated CNV eyes 1 week after the treatment. In conclusion, our experimental CNV resembles those seen in patients suffering from treatment-naive quiescent CNV in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and responds to short-term treatment with bevacizumab. Our new model can, therefore, be used to test the long-term effect of new drugs targeting CNV under precisely-defined conditions.
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ERGUN, E. "TTT and CNV." British Journal of Ophthalmology 85, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.8.1013.
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Haas, Michael J. "Seeing CNV sooner." Science-Business eXchange 2, no. 25 (June 2009): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scibx.2009.995.
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Aurora, SK. "CNV in CDH." Cephalalgia 18, no. 8 (October 1998): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1808531.x.
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NEWSOM, R. "TTT and CNV." British Journal of Ophthalmology 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.10.1268.
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Bauer, H., T. Radil, and Ch Rebert. "The ‘Oddball — CNV’." International Journal of Psychophysiology 7, no. 2-4 (August 1989): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(89)90081-0.
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Casci, Tanita. "CNV evolution revisited." Nature Reviews Genetics 9, no. 11 (November 2008): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2477.
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Dimitrov, Bozhidar K. "BP and CNV." Clinical Neurophysiology 115, no. 9 (September 2004): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.03.025.
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LAMBERT, V., JM RAKIC, A. NOEL, and JM FOIDART. "MMPs in CNV." Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 85 (October 2, 2007): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01063_2980.x.
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EL Helali, Aya, Elaine Yee-Ling Ko, Charlene Hoi Lam Wong, David Jen-Hao Shih, Jason Wong, Matthew Chiu, and Victor Ho-Fun Lee. "Utilizing comprehensive next-generation sequencing to determine the clinical significance of copy number variation in advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e15174-e15174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e15174.
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e15174 Background: Large population-based comprehensive tumor genomic profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology offers insight into the detection of copy number variation (CNV) in advanced/metastatic solid cancers. However, the significance and role of CNV in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited. In this analysis, we investigated the incidence and impact of CNV on patient outcomes. Methods: Patients were recruited as part of an ongoing real-world multicentre prospective NSCLC Precision Oncology Programme in Hong Kong. All patients underwent tissue and liquid NGS using Foundation One CDx and Foundation One Liquid CDx, respectively. Patients were classified into two groups based on CNV status: group 1 (CNV+) was defined as tumors with CNV reported; group 2 (CNV-) was defined as tumors with no CNV reported. The association of clinical factors with CNV was reported using Chi-square tests. The overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of diagnosis of advanced-stage cancer to the date of death or the last follow-up date. Survival analysis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. Results: 353 patients were included in this analysis. NGS was performed in 216 (61%) tumor tissues, and 137 (39%) liquid specimens. 37% (n = 129) were female, and 50% (n = 175) were ever-smoker. 63% (n = 223) of our patient cohort harbored druggable mutations. The detection rate of CNV was 74% in tissue and 14% in liquid specimens. Patients with brain, liver, or bone metastasis (p = 0.018) and/or TMB-high (TMB-H) (p = 0.0014) were associated with CNV+. Next, we assessed the impact of CNV on treatment outcomes. Among patients who received immunotherapy ± chemotherapy, CNV+ was associated with a median OS of 20.4 months compared to 31.4 months in the CNV- group (HR:2.09, 95% CI: 1.05-4.16, p = 0.034). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in OS among the CNV+ and CNV- patient groups treated with chemotherapy alone. Although not significant, there was a trend towards poorer OS to immunotherapy ± chemotherapy in the TMB-H CNV+ cohort (23.6 months versus 31.4 months; p = 0.082). Conclusions: We demonstrate the significance of CNV as a prognostic tool for the prediction of survival outcomes among lung cancer patients. Our data suggests that CNV represents a distinct entity in advanced/metastatic NSCLC, associated with poorer survival outcomes to immunotherapy.
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Caplash, Sonny, Thamolwan Surakiatchanukul, Supriya Arora, Dmitrii S. Maltsev, Sumit Randhir Singh, Niroj Kumar Sahoo, Deepika Parameshwarappa, et al. "Multimodal Imaging Based Predictors for the Development of Choroidal Neovascularization in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052069.
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This study evaluated predictors for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) based on multimodal imaging. A retrospective multicenter chart review was conducted on 134 eyes of 132 consecutive patients with CSCR. Eyes were classified as per the multimodal imaging-based classification of CSCR at baseline into simple/complex CSCR and primary episode/recurrent/resolved CSCR. Baseline characteristics of CNV and predictors were evaluated with ANOVA. In 134 eyes with CSCR, 32.8% had CNV (n = 44) with 72.7% having complex CSCR (n = 32), 22.7% having simple (n = 10) and 4.5% having atypical (n = 2). Primary CSCR with CNV were older (58 vs. 47, p = 0.00003), with worse visual acuity (0.56 vs. 0.75, p = 0.01) and of longer duration (median 7 vs. 1, p = 0.0002) than those without CNV. Similarly, recurrent CSCR with CNV were older (61 vs. 52, p = 0.004) than those without CNV. Patients with complex CSCR were 2.72 times more likely to have CNV than patients with simple CSCR. In conclusion, CNV associated with CSCR was more likely in complex CSCR and older age of presentation. Both primary and recurrent CSCR are implicated in CNV development. Patients with complex CSCR were 2.72 times more likely to have CNV than patients with simple CSCR. Multimodal imaging-based classification of CSCR supports detailed analysis of associated CNV.
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Wu, Linjie, Han Wang, Yuchao Xia, and Ruibin Xi. "CNV-BAC: Copy number Variation Detection in Bacterial Circular Genome." Bioinformatics 36, no. 12 (March 27, 2020): 3890–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa208.
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Abstract Motivation Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is widely used for copy number variation (CNV) detection. However, for most bacteria, their circular genome structure and high replication rate make reads more enriched near the replication origin. CNV detection based on read depth could be seriously influenced by such replication bias. Results We show that the replication bias is widespread using ∼200 bacterial WGS data. We develop CNV-BAC (CNV-Bacteria) that can properly normalize the replication bias and other known biases in bacterial WGS data and can accurately detect CNVs. Simulation and real data analysis show that CNV-BAC achieves the best performance in CNV detection compared with available algorithms. Availability and implementation CNV-BAC is available at https://github.com/XiDsLab/CNV-BAC. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Zhao, Xiaoxi, and Lin Fu. "Efficacy of copy-number variation sequencing technology in prenatal diagnosis." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 47, no. 6 (August 27, 2019): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0005.
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Abstract Background Classical karyotyping and copy-number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) are useful methods for the prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Here, we examined the potential of using a combination of the two methods for improved and accurate diagnosis. Methods From February 2013 to January 2018, 64 pregnant women showing indications for fetal chromosomal examination in the affiliated hospital of the Inner Mongolia Medical University were selected for this study. Amniotic fluid was collected and used for karyotype analysis and CNV-seq. Results Karyotype analysis of the 64 cases showed that six cases (9.38%) had chromosomal abnormalities. Using CNV-seq, in addition to three cases with numerical abnormalities of chromosomes, 14 cases were detected with CNV, of which five were pathogenic CNV, four were of uncertain clinical significance and five were polymorphic CNV. However, CNV-seq failed to detect one case with sex chromosome mosaicism and a balanced translocation carrier. The rate of abnormal chromosome and CNV detection was 26.56% (17/64) by CNV-seq. Conclusion Application of CNV-seq in prenatal diagnosis could allow the detection of submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities and effectively reduce the birth of children with microdeletion and microduplication syndrome. Additionally, the combined application of karyotype analysis and CNV-seq can effectively improve the detection rate of chromosome abnormalities.
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Marchese, Alessandro, Alessandro Arrigo, Riccardo Sacconi, Lea Querques, Francesco Prascina, Luisa Pierro, Francesco Bandello, and Giuseppe Querques. "Spectrum of choroidal neovascularisation associated with dome-shaped macula." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 8 (October 16, 2018): 1146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312780.
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AimsTo investigate the clinical spectrum of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in patients with dome-shaped macula with the aid of multimodal imaging.MethodsIn this cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study, we reviewed charts and imaging studies of 144 eyes of 79 consecutive patients with dome-shaped macula evaluated at a tertiary referral centre, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Three masked graders evaluated the prevalence and type of CNV. Primary outcome measures were the diagnostic agreement between OCTA and FA±ICGA, the multimodal imaging characteristics and prevalence of CNV associated with dome-shaped macula.ResultsWe identified 30 eyes with dome-shaped macula complicated by CNV with an estimated prevalence of 20.8% (95% CI 14.2 to 27.4). Twenty-two eyes (73%) showed a type 2 CNV while eight eyes (27%) showed a type 1 CNV. Serous macular detachment was present in 39 eyes (27%) and harboured a CNV in five cases (13%). The overall diagnostic agreement between OCTA and FA±ICGA was excellent (k=0.894, p<0.001), but only the use of both techniques allowed the identification of the whole pool of CNVs.ConclusionEyes with dome-shaped macula may either develop typical myopic CNV (ie, type 2 CNV) or pachychoroid-associated CNV (ie, type 1 CNV), similar to those observed in central serous chorioretinopathy. Accordingly, in case of serous macular detachment complicating dome-shaped macula, the presence of an associated CNV should be considered. When suspecting a CNV associated with dome-shaped macula, the application of both OCTA and FA±ICGA is superior to the use of one technique alone.
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Schoenen, Jean, and M. Timsit-Berthier. "Contingent Negative Variation: Methods and Potential Interest in Headache." Cephalalgia 13, no. 1 (February 1993): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1301028.x.
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Contingent negative variation (CNV) is an event-related slow cerebral potential which has been found abnormal in migraine. Its methodology is described. Contrary to other neurophysiological techniques, CNV needs special equipment and expertise. On average, CNV amplitude is increased and its habituation is lacking in migraine without aura between attacks, but not in migraine with aura. The sensitivity of CNV as a diagnostic tool is low, but its specificity is high. CNV amplitude normalizes after treatment with beta-blockers. The CNV abnormalities in migraine might be due to hyperreactivity of central catecholaminergic pathways.
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Giuffrè, Chiara, Lea Querques, Adriano Carnevali, Luigi A. De Vitis, Francesco Bandello, and Giuseppe Querques. "Choroidal Neovascularization and Coincident Perforating Scleral Vessels in Pathologic Myopia." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 2 (March 2017): e39-e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000875.
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Purpose To describe the coincidence of perforating scleral vessels and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in pathologic myopia. Methods Medical records and multimodal imaging were reviewed from patients with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia who presented to the Medical Retina and Imaging Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan between October 2015 and March 2016. Main outcomes were the prevalence of coincident perforating scleral vessels and overlying CNV and association between perforating scleral vessels and CNV position within the macula and neovascular activity. Results Forty-one eyes of 39 patients (6 male, 33 female, mean age 63.7 ± 14.1 years) with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia were included in the study. Scleral perforating vessels (average number of perforating vessels per eye 2.1 ± 1.0) were found in 29 out of 41 eyes (70.7%) at the site of CNV. There was no association between presence of perforating vessels and neovascular activity or CNV position. Conclusions Perforating scleral vessels are often coincident with myopic CNV. We hypothesize that scleral vessels located beneath myopic CNV can play a role in neovascular development.
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Bender, S., M. Weisbrod, U. Just, U. Pfüller, P. Parzer, F. Resch, and R. Oelkers-Ax. "Lack of Age-Dependent Development of the Contingent Negative Variation (Cnv) in Migraine Children?" Cephalalgia 22, no. 2 (March 2002): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00334.x.
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Increased negativity of contingent negative variation (CNV) in adult migraineurs is thought to reflect cortical hyperexcitability. CNV amplitude changes with age in healthy adults. Recently, evidence emerged that this might not be the case for migraineurs. Our study investigates age-dependency of CNV during childhood age. Seventy-six healthy controls and 61 children with migraine without aura (IHS code 1.1) between 6 and 18 years were examined using an acoustic S1-S2-CNV-paradigm with a 3-s inter-stimulus interval. The amplitude of the late component of CNV, as well as total CNV at the vertex (Cz according to the international 10-20 system), were significantly higher in migraineurs without aura than in controls. Healthy controls showed increasing amplitudes of CNV with age, whereas in migraine children without aura amplitudes did not change. Thus group differences were reduced during adolescence. Increased CNV negativity might reflect a biological vulnerability to migraine, rather than being a result of chronification. Migraineurs seem to lack age-dependent development of CNV also during early age, which supports the hypothesis of migraine as a maturation disorder.
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Du, Fengxian, Lei Gao, Lin Li, Qian Li, Fenghua Wang, Chuanqing Zhou, and Cuixia Dai. "In vivo evaluation of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in rats simultaneously using optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 14, no. 03 (May 2021): 2140012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545821400125.
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Determination of the precise location and the degree of the Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion is essential for diagnosation Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and evaluation the efficacy of treatment. Noninvasive imaging techniques with specific contrast for CNV evaluation are demanded. In this paper, two noninvasive imaging techniques, namely Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), are combined to provide specific detection of CNV for their complimentary contrast mechanisms. In vivo time-serial evaluation of Laser-induced CNV in rats is present at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 after laser photocoagulation is applied to the rat fundus. Both OCT and PAM show that the CNV increases to its maximum at day 7 and decreases at day 14. Quantification of CNV area and CNV thickness is given. The dual-modal information of CNV is consistent with the histologic evaluation by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.
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Yeo, Joon Hyung, Hum Chung, and Jee Taek Kim. "Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography According to the Type of Choroidal Neovascularization." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091272.
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We analyzed and compared the sensitivity of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) detection according to CNV type in patients with active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA). A retrospective chart review was performed in patients with neovascular AMD. OCTA images were classified into three groups: Group A (well-circumscribed vascular complex); Group B (moderately circumscribed vascular complex); and Group C (poorly circumscribed vascular complex), according to CNV appearance. Demographic characteristics, OCT parameters, neovascularization subtypes, and OCTA image quality were analyzed to determine the effect on visualization of the neovascular complex. A total of 130 patients with CNV secondary to active neovascular AMD were analyzed. Among them, 52 eyes from 47 patients were included in the study. Eighteen eyes (34.6%) were classified into Group A, 24 (46.2%) into Group B, and 10 (19.2%) into Group C. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics or OCT parameters between the three groups. Overall sensitivity of active CNV detection was 80.7% (42/52 eyes). In 73.5% (25/34) of eyes with type 1 CNV (sub-retinal pigment epithelial type), 100.0% (9/9) of eyes with type 2 CNV (sub-retinal type), and 88.9% (8/9) of eyes with type 3 CNV (retinal angiomatous proliferation type), the vascular complex was well visualized on OCTA. OCTA provides adequate noninvasive imaging of CNV in patients with neovascular AMD, which may assist in CNV diagnosis and activity monitoring. In particular, type 2 CNV was well detected in OCTA in comparison with type 1 and type 3 CNV.
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Kakani, Kishore, Marjorie Robbins, and D'Ann Rochon. "Evidence that Binding of Cucumber Necrosis Virus to Vector Zoospores Involves Recognition of Oligosaccharides." Journal of Virology 77, no. 7 (April 1, 2003): 3922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.7.3922-3928.2003.
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ABSTRACT Despite the importance of vectors in natural dissemination of plant viruses, relatively little is known about the molecular features of viruses and vectors that permit their interaction in nature. Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) is a small spherical virus whose transmission in nature is facilitated by zoospores of the fungus Olpidium bornovanus. Previous studies have shown that specific regions of the CNV capsid are involved in transmission and that transmission defects in several CNV transmission mutants are due to inefficient attachment of virions to the zoospore surface. In this study, we have undertaken to determine if zoospores contain specific receptors for CNV. We show that in vitro binding of CNV to zoospores is saturable and that vector zoospores bind CNV more efficiently than nonvector zoospores. Further studies show that treatment of zoospores with periodate and trypsin reduces CNV binding, suggesting the involvement of glycoproteins in zoospore attachment. In virus overlay assays, CNV binds to several proteins, whereas CNV transmission mutants either fail to bind or bind at significantly reduced levels. The possible involvement of specific sugars in attachment was investigated by incubating CNV with zoospores in the presence of various sugars. Two mannose derivatives (methyl α-d-mannopyranoside and d-mannosamine), as well as three mannose-containing oligosaccharides (mannotriose, α3,α6-mannopentaose, and yeast mannan) and l-(−)-fucose, all inhibited CNV binding at relatively low concentrations. Taken together, our studies suggest that binding of CNV to zoospores is mediated by specific mannose and/or fucose-containing oligosaccharides. This is the first time sugars have been implicated in transmission of a plant virus.
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Vanstraelen, Stijn, Allison Reiner, Brooke H. Mastrogiacomo, Kay See Tan, Joseph Dycoco, Bernard J. Park, Prasad S. Adusumilli, Matthew J. Bott, David R. Jones, and Gaetano Rocco. "Abstract 5211: Somatic copy number variation as prognostic marker for recurrence in never-smokers with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5211.
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Abstract Objective: Lung cancer in never-smokers has a distinct genomic profile with low tumor mutation burden, more tumor promotor mutations and fewer somatic copy number variations (CNV) than smokers. CNVs have shown to be associated with poor outcome in advanced stage disease. However, the relationship between CNV and clinicopathologic features on prognosis in early-stage lung cancer is undefined. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of CNV on recurrence in never-smokers who underwent curative resection for pathological stage I-II lung adenocarcinoma using an integrated genomic and clinicopathological analysis. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 210 never-smokers with stage I-II lung adenocarcinoma treated from 2014 to 2022 who met the inclusion criteria (no neoadjuvant therapy, pathological stage I-II, complete resection, next-generation sequencing available). The patient cohort was stratified using unsupervised hierarchical clustering of arm-level CNVs. We assessed cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) between CNV groups using competing risk regression analysis, adjusting for SUVmax, pathologic stage, lymphovascular invasion, IASLC grade, and tumor mutation burden. Results: Of the 210 patients, 159 patients were female (76%), and patients were primarily from Caucasian (n=140, 67%) or Asian decent (n=50, 24%). Based on arm-level CNV clustering, the cohort was stratified into three groups: CNV low (n=86, 41%), CNV moderate (n=75, 36%) and CNV high (n=49, 23%). The CNV low tumors were characterized by a low CNV burden. Conversely, the CNV moderate tumors primarily exhibited gains in chromosomes 1q, 5p and 7p, along with loss of heterozygosity in chromosome 9p, 9q and 13. CNV high tumors were characterized by whole-genome doubling. Whole-genome doubling was significantly more common in CNV high tumors (n=33, 66%) compared to CNV low (n=2, 2.3%) and CNV moderate tumors (n=2, 2.7%) (p<.001). EGFR (n=145, 69%) and TP53 (n=61, 29%) were the most frequently altered genes, with EGFR alterations being significantly more prevalent in CNV high tumors (n=41, 84%) compared to CNV low tumors (n=46, 53%) (p<.001). In total, 42 patients (20%) developed recurrences. The CIR was lower in the CNV low group (5y-CIR, 14%, 95%CI: 6.5%-25%) compared to the CNV moderate (5y-CIR, 31%, 95%CI: 18%-44%) and CNV high group (5y-CIR, 48%, 95%CI: 27%-66%) (p=.004), with adjusted hazard ratios of 2.3 (95%CI: 0.93-5.71; p=0.074) and 2.65 (95%CI: 1.07-6.60; p=.037), respectively. The CIR for locoregional (n=11, 5%) and distant recurrence (n=31, 15%) remained lower in the CNV low group compared to the combined CNV moderate & high groups (Gray test p=.020 and p=.049, respectively). Conclusion: In never-smokers who underwent curative treatment of pathological stage I-II lung adenocarcinoma, copy number status seems a predictor of recurrence, with CNV low tumors associated with the best prognosis. Citation Format: Stijn Vanstraelen, Allison Reiner, Brooke H. Mastrogiacomo, Kay See Tan, Joseph Dycoco, Bernard J. Park, Prasad S. Adusumilli, Matthew J. Bott, David R. Jones, Gaetano Rocco. Somatic copy number variation as prognostic marker for recurrence in never-smokers with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5211.
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Siniatchkin, M., E. Kirsch, P. Kropp, U. Stephani, and W.-D. Gerber. "Slow Cortical Potentials in Migraine Families." Cephalalgia 20, no. 10 (December 2000): 881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00132.x.
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Amplitude and habituation of event-related potentials are abnormal in migraine. We investigated 43 migraine and 41 healthy families to evaluate the influences of age, sex and familial contribution on the variance of amplitude and habituation of the contingent negative variation (CNV). Analysis of individual differences in relation to the CNV habituation was performed. The study demonstrated that habituation of the early CNV component characterizes migraine considerably better than the CNV amplitudes. Habituation, however, is strongly influenced by age. Migraine adults and children generally showed reduced habituation. Surprisingly, more than 30% of the healthy adults demonstrated a marked loss of habituation. The reduced CNV habituation represented a high sensitivity but low specificity to migraine, especially in children. CNV amplitude and habituation parameters revealed a considerable familial contribution associated with migraine. No familial influence on either morphology or habituation of the CNV in healthy families or between healthy members of migraine families was observed. The low specificity and familial transmission of CNV parameters in members of migraine families suggest that increased amplitudes and reduced habituation of CNV do not constitute a primary risk factor for migraine, but rather represent a predisposition. Genetic components probably affect variation of the CNV amplitude and habituation.
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Kamimura, Aya, Akiko Miki, Maya Kishi, Mina Okuda, Mayuka Hayashida-Hirano, Mari Sakamoto, Wataru Matsumiya, Hisanori Imai, Sentaro Kusuhara, and Makoto Nakamura. "Two-year outcome of half-time photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with and without choroidal neovascularization." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 2, 2023): e0284979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284979.
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Purpose To compare the two-year outcome of half-time photodynamic therapy (htPDT) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) with and without choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods In this retrospective study, we included 88 eyes of 88 patients with cCSC who underwent htPDT and were followed up for more than 24 months. Patients were divided into two groups with (21 eyes) or without (67 eyes) CNV before htPDT treatment. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), and the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after PDT. Results A significant intergroup difference was noted in terms of age (P = 0.038). Significant improvements in the BCVA and SCT were found at all time points in eyes without CNV but only at 24 months in eyes with CNV. CRT was significantly reduced in both groups at all time points. No significant intergroup differences were noted in terms of BCVA, SCT and CRT at all time points. There were significant differences in the rate of recurrent and persistent SRF between groups (22.4% (without CNV) vs. 52.4% (with CNV), P = 0.013, and 26.9% (without CNV) vs. 57.1% (with CNV), P = 0.017, respectively). The presence of CNV was significantly associated with the recurrence and persistence of SRF after initial PDT (P = 0.007 and 0.028, respectively). Logistic regression analyses showed that the baseline BCVA, and not the presence of CNV, was significantly associated with BCVA at 24 months after initial PDT (P < 0.01). Conclusions A htPDT for cCSC was less effective in eyes with CNV than in those without CNV regarding the recurrence and persistence of SRF. Additional treatment might be required in eyes with CNV during 24-month follow-up periods.
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Yu, Yao, ShiPing Zou, Jing Wang, Bo Wang, Jing Sun, Dan Zhao, and Xinyi Shi. "Copy number variation (CNV) calling of MET, MYC, and ERBB2 using PiVAT bioinformatic platform." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e15145-e15145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e15145.
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e15145 Background: CNV in tumor-associated genes such as MET, MYC and ERBB2 amplification can lead to cancer progression and poor survival in multiple cancers, and is associated with treatment regimen decision. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) panels covering hundreds of genes are currently used to detect CNV in hospitals and CLIA-accredited laboratories. However, cost and complex workflow of WGS/CGP restrict their application in clinical molecular diagnostics. CGP panel covering dozens of genes based on targeted amplicon sequencing (TAS) method is preferred, but it is not ideal to detect CNV accurately due to unique methodology. Here we established a CNV calling toolkit in PiVAT bioinformatic platform to solve CNV calling problems in small-size TAS panel. Methods: 46 CNV positive (CNV+) and 14 CNV negative (CNV-) samples were sequenced using MGISEQ-2000 with a paired end, 2x100 read length protocol and adapter sequences were trimmed from 3’ ends of each read. PiVAT’s CNV calling method is based on double coverage normalization, including one per-sample normalization and one per-amplicon normalization. CNV- samples were used as normalization references. MET, MYC and ERBB2 copy number was investigated to determine sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of the overall test. Copy number deletion is defined as ratio < 0.8 and amplification is defined as ratio > 1.2. PiVAT CNV output calls were compared against excepted copy number to calculate and plot the concordance. CNVkit and Control-FREEC, 2 other CNV calling tools, were chosen as comparators to compare ERBB2, MET and MYC copy number levels with PiVAT’s CNV caller. Results: Sequencing results from all 46 CNV+ samples showed high coverage uniformity, with > 90% of sites having base coverage depth > 20% of mean coverage for all samples. Average mapping rate and on-target rate of sequencing run, analyzed by PiVAT, were 98.98±0.41% and 98.39±0.45%. Results from PiVAT showed a sensitivity of 97.83% and a specificity of 100% for MET, MYC, ERBB2 amplifications. PiVAT estimated copy number more accurately compared with CNVkit and Control-FREEC. PiVAT’s R2, measuring degree of difference from expected copy number, was greater than CNVkit and Control-FREEC for MET, MYC and ERBB2, with values at 0.78, 0.69 and 0.96, respectively. In contrast, CNVkit and Control-FREEC were on average 77.38% and 164.04% worse. For CNVkit and Control-FREEC, many of MET, MYC and ERBB2 CNV calls were seen at a much lower magnitude than expected. Conclusions: Our studies have shown that PiVAT is a reliable tool for calling CNVs. PiVAT’s sensitivity and accuracy were calculated to be > 97%. And PiVAT outperformed other CNV calling tools, CNVkit and Control-FREEC. This demonstrates that PiVAT’s CNV caller can be used to provide CNV results from TAS panel, and guide relevant cancer diagnosis and clinical decision more accurately.
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Maunz, Andreas, Fethallah Benmansour, Yvonna Li, Thomas Albrecht, Yan-Ping Zhang, Filippo Arcadu, Yalin Zheng, Savita Madhusudhan, and Jayashree Sahni. "Accuracy of a Machine-Learning Algorithm for Detecting and Classifying Choroidal Neovascularization on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060524.
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Background: To evaluate the performance of a machine-learning (ML) algorithm to detect and classify choroidal neovascularization (CNV), secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images. Methods: Baseline fluorescein angiography (FA) and SD-OCT images from 1037 treatment-naive study eyes and 531 fellow eyes, without advanced AMD from the phase 3 HARBOR trial (NCT00891735), were used to develop, train, and cross-validate an ML pipeline combining deep-learning–based segmentation of SD-OCT B-scans and CNV classification, based on features derived from the segmentations, in a five-fold setting. FA classification of the CNV phenotypes from HARBOR was used for generating the ground truth for model development. SD-OCT scans from the phase 2 AVENUE trial (NCT02484690) were used to externally validate the ML model. Results: The ML algorithm discriminated CNV absence from CNV presence, with a very high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] = 0.99), and classified occult versus predominantly classic CNV types, per FA assessment, with a high accuracy (AUROC = 0.91) on HARBOR SD-OCT images. Minimally classic CNV was discriminated with significantly lower performance. Occult and predominantly classic CNV types could be discriminated with AUROC = 0.88 on baseline SD-OCT images of 165 study eyes, with CNV from AVENUE. Conclusions: Our ML model was able to detect CNV presence and CNV subtypes on SD-OCT images with high accuracy in patients with neovascular AMD.
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Sahoo, Niroj Kumar, Sai Bhakti Mishra, Claudio Iovino, Sumit Randhir Singh, Marion R. Munk, Lieselotte Berger, Enrico Peiretti, and Jay Chhablani. "Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in cystoid macular degeneration associated with central serous chorioretinopathy." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 11 (January 2, 2019): 1615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313048.
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AimTo describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics and to identify and analyse the incidence of choroidal neovascular (CNV) network seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with cystoid macular degeneration (CMD) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study of 29 eyes of 25 patients who were previously diagnosed as CSCR with CMD. Baseline patient characteristics, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), evidence of CNV network and its pattern on OCTA, distribution of CMD changes and OCT parameters, such as height of the neurosensory retinal detachment (NSD), presence of double layer sign, central macular thickness, were analysed. The eyes were classified into two groups depending on the presence or absence of CNV network on OCTA. BCVA, OCT parameters and CMD distribution were compared in the two groups at baseline using independent t-test.ResultA total of 13 (44.8 %) eyes had a CNV network, while only 9 out of the 13 eyes had pattern-I CNV. Among the eyes with CNV network (13 eyes), mean height of NSD was of 65.2±22.7 µ, whereas, among the eyes without CNV (16 eyes), it was 134.6±77.4 µ. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.013). There was no statistically significant difference between eye having a CNV and eyes without CNV in terms of other parameters.ConclusionA CNV network is seen in a large subset of patients with CMD in CSCR. A shallower subretinal fluid may point towards the presence of an underlying CNV network.
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Xu, Yanjun, Tan Wu, Feng Li, Qun Dong, Jingwen Wang, Desi Shang, Yingqi Xu, et al. "Identification and comprehensive characterization of lncRNAs with copy number variations and their driving transcriptional perturbed subpathways reveal functional significance for cancer." Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 2153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz113.
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Abstract Numerous studies have shown that copy number variation (CNV) in lncRNA regions play critical roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, our knowledge about their functionalities is still limited. Here, we firstly provided a computational method to identify lncRNAs with copy number variation (lncRNAs-CNV) and their driving transcriptional perturbed subpathways by integrating multidimensional omics data of cancer. The high reliability and accuracy of our method have been demonstrated. Then, the method was applied to 14 cancer types, and a comprehensive characterization and analysis was performed. LncRNAs-CNV had high specificity in cancers, and those with high CNV level may perturb broad biological functions. Some core subpathways and cancer hallmarks widely perturbed by lncRNAs-CNV were revealed. Moreover, subpathways highlighted the functional diversity of lncRNAs-CNV in various cancers. Survival analysis indicated that functional lncRNAs-CNV could be candidate prognostic biomarkers for clinical applications, such as ST7-AS1, CDKN2B-AS1 and EGFR-AS1. In addition, cascade responses and a functional crosstalk model among lncRNAs-CNV, impacted genes, driving subpathways and cancer hallmarks were proposed for understanding the driving mechanism of lncRNAs-CNV. Finally, we developed a user-friendly web interface-LncCASE (http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/LncCASE/) for exploring lncRNAs-CNV and their driving subpathways in various cancer types. Our study identified and systematically characterized lncRNAs-CNV and their driving subpathways and presented valuable resources for investigating the functionalities of non-coding variations and the mechanisms of tumorigenesis.
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Mokwa, Nils F., Tina Ristau, Pearse A. Keane, Bernd Kirchhof, Srinivas R. Sadda, and Sandra Liakopoulos. "Grading of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Comparison between Color Fundus Photography, Fluorescein Angiography, and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Ophthalmology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/385915.
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Purpose. To compare color fundus photography (FP), fluorescein angiography (FA), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) for the detection of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), and CNV activity.Methods. FPs, FAs, and SDOCT volume scans from 120 eyes of 66 AMD and control patients were randomly collected. Control eyes were required to show no AMD, but other retinal pathology was allowed. The presence of drusen, pigmentary changes, CNV, and signs for CNV activity was independently analyzed for all imaging modalities.Results. AMD was diagnosed based on FP in 75 eyes. SDOCT and FA showed sensitivity (specificity) of 89% (76%) and 92% (82%), respectively. CNV was present on FA in 68 eyes. Sensitivity (specificity) was 78% (100%) for FP and 94% (98%) for SDOCT. CNV activity was detected by SDOCT or FA in 60 eyes with an agreement in 46 eyes. Sensitivity was 88% for SDOCT and 88% for FA. FP showed sensitivity of 38% and specificity of 98%.Conclusions. CNV lesions and activity may be missed by FP alone, but FP may help identifying drusen and pigmentary changes. SDOCT is highly sensitive for the detection of AMD, CNV, and CNV activity; however, it cannot fully replace FA.
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Ghoshal, Kankana, Jane Theilmann, Ron Reade, Ajay Maghodia, and D'Ann Rochon. "Encapsidation of Host RNAs by Cucumber Necrosis Virus Coat Protein during both Agroinfiltration and Infection." Journal of Virology 89, no. 21 (August 12, 2015): 10748–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01466-15.
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ABSTRACTNext-generation sequence analysis of virus-like particles (VLPs) produced during agroinfiltration of cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) coat protein (CP) and of authentic CNV virions was conducted to assess if host RNAs can be encapsidated by CNV CP. VLPs containing host RNAs were found to be produced during agroinfiltration, accumulating to approximately 1/60 the level that CNV virions accumulated during infection. VLPs contained a variety of host RNA species, including the major rRNAs as well as cytoplasmic, chloroplast, and mitochondrial mRNAs. The most predominant host RNA species encapsidated in VLPs were chloroplast encoded, consistent with the efficient targeting of CNV CP to chloroplasts during agroinfiltration. Interestingly, droplet digital PCR analysis showed that the CNV CP mRNA expressed during agroinfiltration was the most efficiently encapsidated mRNA, suggesting that the CNV CP open reading frame may contain a high-affinity site or sites for CP binding and thus contribute to the specificity of CNV RNA encapsidation. Approximately 0.09% to 0.7% of the RNA derived from authentic CNV virions contained host RNA, with chloroplast RNA again being the most prominent species. This is consistent with our previous finding that a small proportion of CNV CP enters chloroplasts during the infection process and highlights the possibility that chloroplast targeting is a significant aspect of CNV infection. Remarkably, 6 to 8 of the top 10 most efficiently encapsidated nucleus-encoded RNAs in CNV virions correspond to retrotransposon or retrotransposon-like RNA sequences. Thus, CNV could potentially serve as a vehicle for horizontal transmission of retrotransposons to new hosts and thereby significantly influence genome evolution.IMPORTANCEViruses predominantly encapsidate their own virus-related RNA species due to the possession of specific sequences and/or structures on viral RNA which serve as high-affinity binding sites for the coat protein. In this study, we show, using next-generation sequence analysis, that CNV also encapsidates host RNA species, which account for ∼0.1% of the RNA packaged in CNV particles. The encapsidated host RNAs predominantly include chloroplast RNAs, reinforcing previous observations that CNV CP enters chloroplasts during infection. Remarkably, the most abundantly encapsidated cytoplasmic mRNAs consisted of retrotransposon-like RNA sequences, similar to findings recently reported for flock house virus (A. Routh, T. Domitrovic, and J. E. Johnson, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:1907–1912, 2012). Encapsidation of retrotransposon sequences may contribute to their horizontal transmission should CNV virions carrying retrotransposons infect a new host. Such an event could lead to large-scale genomic changes in a naive plant host, thus facilitating host evolutionary novelty.
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Kulikov, A. N., D. S. Maltsev, S. M. Perminova, and A. S. Vasilev. "Multimodal Imaging of Quiescent Choroidal Neovascularization: Status of Retinal Pigment Epithelium." Ophthalmology in Russia 20, no. 1 (April 6, 2023): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2023-1-143-150.
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Purpose: to study the status of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) over the area of quiescent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in comparison with active CNV in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Patients and methods: This study included 17 patients with quiescent CNV (6 males and 11 females, mean age 74.9 ± 10.0 years) and 28 patients with active CNV (8 males and 20 females, average age 69.3 ± 6.8 years). All participants received a standard ophthalmological examination, including spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT), dark-field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (DF-SLO) and autofluorescence. Using ImageJ, the brightness of the image in the projection of the CNV was evaluated. The vascular density of the membrane was assessed using OCT angiography.Results: The vascular density of quiescent CNV was statistically significantly higher than that of active CNV with a median value of 64.5 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 53.4–79.0 %) and 55.3 % (95 % CI 52.2–60.0 %) (p = 0.05). Image brightness in the silent membrane region was significantly lower by compared with active CNV, both according to OCT transillumination data (p = 0.004) and according to DF-SLO data (p = 0.0015). There were no differences in autofluorescence indices between active and quiescent CNV (p = 0.44).Conclusion: Multimodal imaging indicates significant loss of integrity of RPE over active CNV, which corresponds to their lower vascular density according to OCT angiography.
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Gamkrelidze, G. N., P. J. Laurienti, and J. E. Blankenship. "Identification and characterization of cerebral ganglion neurons that induce swimming and modulate swim-related pedal ganglion neurons in Aplysia brasiliana." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 1444–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1444.
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1. We have identified and characterized a family of several pairs of neurons in the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia brasiliana that are capable of inducing, maintaining, or modulating a motor program that underlies swim locomotion in this marine mollusk. We have operationally defined these cells as command neurons (CNs) for swimming. 2. The command cells occur in bilateral pairs in the cerebral ganglion and make direct and indirect outputs to neurons in the pedal ganglia, including motor neurons, a central pattern generator circuit, and modulatory neurons that enhance muscle contractions during swimming. Several of the CNs are sufficient individually to induce the swim motor program (SMP), all receive sensory feedback from the periphery, and several interconnect with other swim-related CNs. 3. Tonic discharges of approximately 10 Hz in CN types 1-3 (CN1-CN3) are capable of eliciting the oscillatory, phasic SMP as recorded in peripheral nerves that innervate the swim appendages, the parapodia. CN1, CN2, and CN3 make monosynaptic excitatory connections onto ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral pedal swim-modulatory neurons [parapodial opener-phase (POP) cells], respectively; and each command cell type activates the pedal central pattern generator (CPG), leading to sustained phasic output of motor neurons and POP cells. 4. Tonic firing of CN4 causes weak activation of the SMP contralaterally. These neurons occur as two pairs of neurons in each cerebral hemiganglion, with mutual electrical and chemical synaptic interconnections. CN4 cells also excite CN1 and CN2 cells. Thus CN4 is classified as a higher-order swim command cell type. 5. Command cells classified as types 5-8 (CN5-CN8), although not capable of inducing the SMP individually, nonetheless have strong synaptic connections with pedal POP cells and/or with other command neurons. These command cells may excite or inhibit follower cells on the same or opposite sides of the preparation and modulate the swim output. 6. All the command cells tested received strong input from mechanical stimulation, either stretch or pinching, of either parapodium. Mechanosensory input from the parapodia was shown to depend on the presence of the pedal ganglion, but not the pleural. Sensory stimulation activated command cells and motor neurons, but POP cells received input from sensory stimuli only through the cerebral ganglion, probably via command cells. The effects of applied mechanosensory stimuli could be entirely mimicked by motor neuron-induced contractions of the parapodia.
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Salas, Anna, Anna Badia, Laura Fontrodona, Miguel Zapata, José García-Arumí, and Anna Duarri. "Neovascular Progression and Retinal Dysfunction in the Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Mouse Model." Biomedicines 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2023): 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092445.
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The mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LI-CNV) has been widely used to study neovascular age-related macular degeneration; however, it still lacks a comprehensive characterization. Here, CNV was induced in the eyes of 12-week-old C57BL/6J male mice by argon laser irradiation. We studied the CNV lesion progression of an LI-CNV mouse cohort by using multimodal imaging (color fundus, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence angiography, focal electroretinography features for 14 days, and related cytokines, angiogenic factors, and reactive gliosis for 5 days. CNV lesions involving the rupture of the Bruch’s membrane were confirmed using funduscopy and OCT after laser photocoagulation. During the initial stage, from the CNV induction until day 7, CNV lesions presented leakage observed by using fluorescence angiography and a typical hyperreflective area with cell infiltration, subretinal leakage, and degeneration of photoreceptors observed through OCT. This correlated with decreased retinal responses to light. Moreover, inflammatory and angiogenic markers were reduced to basal levels in the first 5 days of CNV progression. In contrast, reactive gliosis and the VEGF expression in retinal sections were sustained, with infiltration of endothelial cells in the subretinal space. In the second stage, between days 7 and 14 post-induction, we observed stabilization of the CNV lesions, a hyperfluorescent area corresponding to the formation of fibrosis, and a partial rescue of retinal function. These findings suggest that the LI-CNV lesion development goes through an acute phase during the first seven days following induction, and then the CNV lesion stabilizes. According to these results, this model is suitable for screening anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic drugs in the early stages of LI-CNV. At the same time, it is more convenient for screening anti-fibrotic compounds in the later stages.
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Ho, Christine P. S., and Timothy Y. Y. Lai. "Pharmacotherapy for Choroidal Neovascularization Due to Uncommon Causes." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 41 (March 20, 2019): 4882–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190206105943.
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Background: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in adults is most commonly associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pathologic myopia. Though less common, CNV can also develop from other conditions such as uveitis, central serous chorioretinopathy, angioid streaks, intraocular tumors, hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies, or can be idiopathic in origin. If left untreated, CNV may cause visual loss because of exudation of intraretinal or subretinal fluid, retinal or subretinal hemorrhage, or fibrosis involving the macula. It is well known that one of the main drivers of angiogenesis in CNV development is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore inhibitors of VEGF might be an effective treatment for CNV. Methods: The goal of this review is to provide an overview and summary in the use of pharmacotherapy especially anti-VEGF therapy, in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes. Results: Results from uncontrolled case series and controlled clinical trials have reported good efficacy and safety in using anti-VEGF agents including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept and ziv-aflibercept in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes. Anti-VEGF has also been used in combination with verteporfin PDT and anti-inflammatory agents for treating CNV of various causes. Conclusion: Pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF agents is an effective treatment option for CNV due to uncommon etiologies.
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Nikolopoulou, Eleni, Massimo Lorusso, Luisa Micelli Ferrari, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Francesco Bandello, Giuseppe Querques, and Tommaso Micelli Ferrari. "Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography versus Dye Angiography in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6724818.
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Introduction. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could be a valid tool to detect choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), allowing the analysis of the type, the morphology, and the extension of CNV in most of the cases. Purpose. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of OCTA in detecting CNV secondary to nAMD, compared to fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Methods. Prospective observational study. Patients with suspected nAMD were recruited between May and December 2016. Patients underwent FA, ICGA, spectral domain OCT, and OCTA (AngioVue, Optovue, Inc.). Sensitivity and specificity of FA, with or without ICGA, were assessed and compared with OCTA. Results. Seventy eyes of 70 consecutive patients were included: 32 eyes (45.7%) with type I CNV, 8 eyes (11.4%) with type II CNV, 4 eyes (5.7%) with type III CNV, 6 eyes (8.6%) with mixed type I and type II CNV, and 20 eyes (28.6%) with no CNV. Sensitivity of OCTA was 88% and specificity was 90%. Concordance between FA/ICGA and OCTA was very good (0,91; range 0,81–1,00). Conclusions. OCTA showed high sensitivity and specificity for detection of CNV. Concordance between OCTA and gold-standard dye-based techniques was excellent. OCTA may represent a first-line noninvasive method for the diagnosis of nAMD.
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Subirada, Paula Virginia, Albana Tovo, María Victoria Vaglienti, José Domingo Luna Pinto, Horacio Uri Saragovi, Maria Cecilia Sánchez, Agustín Anastasía, and Pablo Federico Barcelona. "Etiological Roles of p75NTR in a Mouse Model of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Cells 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12020297.
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Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological angiogenesis of the choroidal plexus of the retina and is a key feature in the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. Mononuclear phagocytic cells (MPCs) are known to accumulate in the subretinal space, generating a chronic inflammatory state that promotes the growth of the choroidal neovasculature. However, how the MPCs are recruited and activated to promote CNV pathology is not fully understood. Using genetic and pharmacological tools in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV, we demonstrate a role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in the recruitment of MPCs, in glial activation, and in vascular alterations. After laser injury, expression of p75NTR is increased in activated Muller glial cells near the CNV area in the retina and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)-choroid. In p75NTR knockout mice (p75NTR KO) with CNV, there is significantly reduced recruitment of MPCs, reduced glial activation, reduced CNV area, and the retinal function is preserved, as compared to wild type mice with CNV. Notably, a single intravitreal injection of a pharmacological p75NTR antagonist in wild type mice with CNV phenocopied the results of the p75NTR KO mice. Our results demonstrate that p75NTR is etiological in the development of CNV.
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Stern, Jeffrey, David Eveleth, Jennifer Masula, and Sally Temple. "Slow progression of exudative age related macular degeneration associated with hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium." F1000Research 3 (December 2, 2014): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5683.1.
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Rationale: Choroidal neovascular (CNV) lesions in younger patients are often accompanied by the appearance of a surrounding ring of pigment that is associated with disease regression or slowed disease progression. In older patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), however, hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is known to occur but has not previously been reported to be associated with CNV regression. This report describes the clinical course of a case series of AMD patients with pigment hypertrophy adjacent to CNV associated with stabilization of the CNV lesion.Methods: A retrospective analysis of exudative AMD patients seen by a single retina specialist over a 7-year period.Results: Retrospective analysis of 955 exudative AMD patients revealed pigment hypertrophy associated with CNV in 33 patients. A ring of pigment surrounded CNV in 6 of these. Three representative patients are presented to illustrate the decrease in macular edema, reduced fluorescein leakage and slowed CNV progression that was associated with a pigment ring around CNV in AMD. Pigment hypertrophy was associated with blocked fluorescein leakage and exudative AMD patients with a complete pigment ring maintained stable visual acuity, macular edema, fluorescein leakage and CNV lesion size without treatment for intervals of up to 21 months. Conclusion: We report slowed disease progression in AMD patients who develop pigment around CNV. The slow rate of disease progression in the AMD patient subgroup having a pigment ring is a factor to consider in determining the treatment interval for exudative AMD patients.
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Auffermann, Heike, Frank Mathe, Günther Gerull, and Dieter Mrowinski. "Olfactory Evoked Potentials and Contingent Negative Variation Simultaneously Recorded for Diagnosis of Smell Disorders." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 102, no. 1 (January 1993): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200102.
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Objective diagnosis of olfaction can be performed by registration of cortical olfactory evoked potentials (OEP) and of contingent negative variation (CNV). The CNV is a negative voltage developing at the vertex after discrimination of one of two smells while the patient is expecting a second stimulus. By an adequate procedure, including a long time window for averaging (2.56 seconds) with appropriate filters, the two tests can be performed simultaneously in a single session of less than 10 minutes. Anosmia is determinable by both OEP and CNV, although CNV shows less variability. On the other hand, CNV requires attention and some cooperation of the patient. Parosmia is accessible by CNV only; two odor qualities presented in random order have to be distinguished. Hyposmia can also be detected; just above the discrimination threshold, CNV amplitudes tend to be large — even enhanced — whereas OEP amplitudes may still be undetectable.
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Sheng, Minjie, Haiying Cai, Ming Cheng, Jing Li, Jian Zhang, and Lihua Liu. "Identification of Novel Choroidal Neovascularization-Related Genes Using Laplacian Heat Diffusion Algorithm." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2295412.
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Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a type of eye disease that can cause vision loss. In recent years, many studies have attempted to investigate the major pathological processes and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of CNV. Because many diseases are related to genes, the genes associated with CNV need to be identified. In this study, we proposed a network-based approach for identifying novel CNV-associated genes. To execute such method, we first employed a protein-protein interaction network reported in STRING. Then, we applied a network diffusion algorithm, Laplacian heat diffusion, on this network by selecting validated CNV-related genes as the seed nodes. As a result, some novel genes that had unknown but strong relationships with validated genes were identified. Furthermore, we used a screening procedure to extract the most essential genes. Eleven latent CNV-related genes were finally obtained. Extensive analyses were performed to confirm that these genes are novel CNV-related genes.
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Takahashi, Kei, Tomomi Masuda, Mitsunori Harada, Tadashi Inoue, Shinsuke Nakamura, Kenichiro Naito, Hideaki Hara, and Masamitsu Shimazawa. "Anti-VEGFR2 Antibody-modified Micelle for Triggered Drug Delivery and Effective Therapy of Choroidal Neovascularization." Current Neurovascular Research 16, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567202616666190619150956.
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Objective: This study aimed to examine whether DC101 (anti-VEGFR2 antibody)- modified micelles have applications as novel drug delivery devices, which allow small molecule antiangiogenic agents to deliver to angiogenic sites on a murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. Materials and Method: CNV was induced by photocoagulation on the unilateral eye of each mouse under anesthesia. Immediately after laser coagulation, E7974-loaded DC101-modified micelles and motesanib-loaded DC101-modified micelles were intravitreally administrated. Two weeks after photocoagulation, CNV was visualized using fluorescein-conjugated dextran (MW=2,000 kDa), and the CNV area was measured in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroidal flat mounts. Results: Intravitreal administration of both DC101-modified micelles loaded with E7974 at 2 µM and motesanib at 2 µM significantly reduced CNV area in the murine laser-induced CNV model at a clearly lower concentration than the effective dose of each agent. Conclusion: These results suggest that DC101-modified micelle might be effective drug carrier system for treating CNV and other ocular angiogenic diseases.
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Luo, YuanYuan, Yan Yan, Shiqi Zhang, and Zhen Li. "Computational Approach to Investigating Key GO Terms and KEGG Pathways Associated with CNV." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8406857.
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Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a severe eye disease that leads to blindness, especially in the elderly population. Various endogenous and exogenous regulatory factors promote its pathogenesis. However, the detailed molecular biological mechanisms of CNV have not been fully revealed. In this study, by using advanced computational tools, a number of key gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways were selected for CNV. A total of 29 validated genes associated with CNV and 17,639 nonvalidated genes were encoded based on the features derived from the GO terms and KEGG pathways by using the enrichment theory. The widely accepted feature selection method—maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (mRMR)—was applied to analyze and rank the features. An extensive literature review for the top 45 ranking features was conducted to confirm their close associations with CNV. Identifying the molecular biological mechanisms of CNV as described by the GO terms and KEGG pathways may contribute to improving the understanding of the pathogenesis of CNV.