Journal articles: 'Co.i'

1

Konusova, Olga L., Nagezda V. Ostroverkhova, Aksana N. Kucher Aksana N. Kucher, Dmitrij V. Kurbatskij, and Tatyana N. Kireeva. "Morphometric variability of honeybees Apis mellifera L., differing in variants of the COI-COIImtDNA locus." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 33(1) (March 1, 2016): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/33/5.

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Jafari, Samin, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Reza Abai, Mona Koosha, and Fatemeh Mohtarami. "Identification of Forensically Important Flesh Flies Using the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunits I and II Genes." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 1253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz063.

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AbstractForensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) often are not morphologically distinguishable, especially at the immature stage. In addition, female flies are quite similar in general morphology, making accurate identifications difficult. DNA-based technologies, particularly mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used for species-level identification. The cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II (COI-COII) sequences of Iranian Sarcophagidae are still unavailable in GenBank. In this study as many as 648 (540 males and 106 females) fly specimens from family Sarcophagidae, representing 10 sarcophagid species, including eight forensically important species were collected from seven locations in five Iranian provinces. Of these, 150 male specimens were identified based on both morphology of male genitalia and DNA sequencing analysis. Sequence data from the COI-COII regions for 10 flesh fly species collected in Iran were generated for the first time. Digestion of COI-COII region by restriction enzymes RsaI, EcoRV, and HinfI provided distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles among the species and can serve as molecular markers for species determination. Phylogenetic analysis represented that the COI-COII sequences are helpful for delimitation of sarcophagid species and implementation in forensic entomology. However, the application of the COI-COII fragment as a species identifier requires great caution and additional species and markers should be studied to ensure accurate species identification in the future.

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RAUX, Evelyne, Anne LANOIS, Alain RAMBACH, Martin J. WARREN, and Claude THERMES. "Cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis: functional characterization of the Bacillus megaterium cbi genes required to convert uroporphyrinogen III into cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide." Biochemical Journal 335, no. 1 (October 1, 1998): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3350167.

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The function of individual genes of the Bacillus megaterium cobI operon genes in cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis was investigated by their ability to complement defined Salmonella typhimurium cob mutants. This strategy confirmed the role of cbiA, -D, -F, -J, -L and cysGA. Furthermore the operon as a whole was used to restore corrin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, which, although closely related to S. typhimurium, does not possess the CobI pathway. When the B. megaterium cob operon was cloned into a plasmid and transformed into an E. coli strain containing the S. typhimurium cbiP, it conferred upon the host strain the ability to make the cobyric acid de novo. However, cobyric acid synthesis was observed only when the strain was grown anaerobically. Derivatives of the corrin-producing E. coli strain were constructed in which genes of the B. megaterium cob operon had been inactivated. These strains were used to demonstrate that, whereas B. megaterium cbiD, -G and -X are essential for cobyric acid synthesis, the cbiW and -Y genes could be deleted without detriment to cobyric acid production in E. coli.

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Cazorla-Perfetti, Dalmiro. "Balantidium coli O Balantioides coli." Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas -Journal of High Andean Research 20, no. 4 (October 29, 2018): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2018.425.

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Метлицька, О. І., and К. В. Копилова. "ПОЛІМОРФІЗМ МІТОХОНДРІАЛЬНОЇ ДНК ДЛЯ ОЦІНКИ ГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ І ПІДВИДОВОЇ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ БДЖІЛ." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 2 (June 28, 2012): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2012.02.23.

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Визначене спільне еволюційне походження україн-ської, карпатської і кавказької бджіл за COI-COIIлокусом мтДНК, що дозволяє віднести названіпідвиди до середземноморської гілки С. Наявністьу популяціях українських бджіл лише мітохондріа-льного гаплотипу Q свідчить про відсутність по-місних сімей, метизованих бджолами середньоро-сійської породи. Безпідставність застарілих уяв-лень щодо українських бджіл як екотипу темноїєвропейської бджоли під назвою Apis melliferaacervorum вимагає перегляду їх таксономічноїкласифікації, згідно запропонованої М. Engel Apismellifera sossimai. Встановлений відносний консер-ватизм міжгенної ділянки COI-COII шляхом рест-риктного аналізу може бути зумовлений функціо-нальною важливістю даного генетичного локусу. The generality of an evolutionary origin Ukrainian, Carpathiansand the Caucasian bees on locus COI-COII mtDNA is establishedthat reference of the named subspecies to C Mediterraneanbranch in populations of the Ukrainian bees only mitochondrionhaplotype Q allows testifies to absence hybrids families,crossbreeded by bees of Central Russian breed. Groundlessnessof out-of-date representations about the Ukrainian beesas ecotypes a dark European bee under name Apis melliferaacervorum demands their revision taxonomy classification accordingto offered in M. Engel Apis mellifera sossimai. Theestablished relative conservatism of intergenic site COI-COII away restrictions the analysis can be caused functional importanceof the given genetic locus.

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Sukhikh, Igor, Kirill Ustyantsev, Alexander Bugrov, Michael Sergeev, Victor Fet, and Alexander Blinov. "The Evaluation of Genetic Relationships within Acridid Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Acrididae) on the Subfamily Level Using Molecular Markers." Folia Biologica 67, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_67-3.12.

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Over the last few decades, molecular markers have been extensively used to study phylogeny, population dynamics, and genome mapping in insects and other taxa. Phylogenetic methods using DNA markers are inexpensive, fast and simple to use, and may help greatly to resolve phylogenetic relationships in groups with problematic taxonomy. However, different markers have various levels of phylogenetic resolution, and it's important to choose the right set of molecular markers for a studied taxonomy level. Acrididae is the most diverse family of grasshoppers. Many attempts to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within it did not result in a clear picture, partially because of the limited number of molecular markers used. We have tested a phylogenetic resolution of three sets of the most commonly utilized mitochondrial molecular markers available for Acrididae sequences in the database: (i) complete protein-coding mitochondrial sequences, (ii) concatenated mitochondrial genes COI, COII, and Cytb, and (iii) concatenated mitochondrial genes COI and COII. We then complemented the analysis by testing the nuclear ITS2 region. Adequate phylogenetic resolution of Acrididae subfamilies can be achieved using three (COI, COII, and Cytb) or more mitochondrial markers. Moreover, we found the ITS2 and concatenated COI/COII markers to be the least informative, providing a poor resolution. All the studied acridids fall into three well-supported phylogenetic groups that include 13 subfamilies. Acridinae, Gomphocerinae, Oedipodinae, and Catantopinae are shown to be polyphyletic, while the remaining subfamilies are in accordance with current Acrididae systematics. Our study provides a basis for more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Acrididae on the subfamily and lower levels.

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Davolos, D., and N. Maclean. "Mitochondrial COI-NC-COII sequences in talitrid amphipods (Crustacea)." Heredity 94, no. 1 (October 6, 2004): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800529.

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8

Alberto, Roger, Marcella Iannuzzi, Yeliz Gurdal, and Benjamin Probst. "[CoII(BPyPy2COH)(OH2)2]2+: A Catalytic Pourbaix Diagram and AIMD Simulations on Four Key Intermediates." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.906.

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Proton reduction by [CoII(BPyPy2COH)(OH2)2]2+ (BPyPy2COH = [2,2'-bipyridin]-6-yl-di[pyridin-2-yl]methanol) proceeds through two distinct, pH-dependent pathways involving proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), reduction and protonation steps. In this account we give an overview of the key mechanistic aspects in aqueous solution from pH 3 to 10, based on electrochemical data, time-resolved spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the key catalytic intermediates. In the acidic pH branch, a PCET to give a CoIII hydride is followed by a reduction and a protonation step, to close the catalytic cycle. At elevated pH, a reduction to CoI is observed, followed by a PCET to a CoII hydride, and the catalytic cycle is closed by a slow protonation step. In our simulation, both CoI and CoII–H feature a strong interaction with the surrounding solvent via hydrogen bonding, which is expected to foster the following catalytic step.

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9

Tseng, Shu-Ping, Jason Boone, Lowell Boone, Natalee King, Siavash Taravati, Dong-Hwan Choe, and Chow-Yang Lee. "Genetic Analysis of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Populations in California." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 3 (April 22, 2021): 1264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab077.

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Abstract A new infestation of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), was discovered in Canyon Lake, Riverside County, California. We used three mitochondrial DNA (COI, COII, and 16S) and seven polymorphic microsatellite markers to characterize the genetic relationship of the colony with two other colonies that were collected in 1992 and 2018 in La Mesa, San Diego County. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of C. formosanus based on concatenated COI and COII sequences revealed that the two La Mesa populations (CA01 and CA02) and the Canyon Lake population (CA03) were from different maternal lineages. Based on the 14 COII haplotypes of C. formosanus found world-wide, CA01 and CA02 belonged to a haplotype widely distributed across the United States, while CA03 was grouped under a haplotype predominantly found in Asia. Microsatellite allele frequencies across all loci for both La Mesa populations were relatively similar, but significant genetic differences were found between CA02 and CA03 colonies (FST = 0.24; Dest = 0.30; G″ ST = 0.55; P < 0.01).

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10

Hafeli, TA, and FR Keene. "Stabilization of Cobalt(I) by Tripodal π-Acceptor Ligands Py3X (Py=2-Pyridyl; X=N, Ch, COH, P, P=O), and Preliminary Studies on the Reaction of Water and Carbon Dioxide With the Bis(ligand)cobalt(I) Complexes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 9 (1988): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9881379.

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Bis ( ligand )cobalt(III/II) complexes of the tripodal π-acceptor ligands Py3X ( Py = 2-pyridyl; X = N, CH, COH, P, P=O) have been synthesized and characterized. Electrochemical studies in acetonitrile (or propylene carbonate) solution reveal the CoIII/CoII and CoII/CoI redox couples for all complexes on the cyclic voltammetric time scale; coulometry studies show the CoI species for X = CH, P, P=O have long-term stability, while for X = N, COH the analogous complexes may be observed but are not sustained for such long periods (i.e. minutes or hours in the last two cases). Aspects relating to the stabilization of the CoI state by these ligands are discussed. Preliminary studies on the reactivity of the bis(ligand)cobalt(I) species (X = CH, P) with water and HCO3- are also reported: water undergoes reduction to H2 but no reduction of HCO3- occurs. In the water reduction reaction involving the complex with X = P, ligand dissociation does not occur, in contrast to the case for X = CH and for the analogous reaction of [Co( bpy )3]+.

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TAN, JI. "Argiope hoiseni, a new species of the spider genus Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae) from Peninsular Malaysia based on morphology and molecular analyses." Zootaxa 4457, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.6.

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A new species of Argiope Audouin 1826, A. hoiseni new species is described from Perak and Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia based on morphology and DNA information of the mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI and COII) and nuclear-encoded (H3A, 18S rRNA) molecular markers. Epigynal structure suggested Argiope hoiseni to be similar to A. jinghongensis Yin, Peng & Wang 1994, A. luzona (Walckenaer 1841), A. pulchella Thorell 1881 and A. taprobanica Thorell 1887. Molecular sequence data including the new species inferred that it is monophyletic with an intraspecific variation of 0.87–3.59 % based on the 16S+COI+COII+H3A dataset. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed insights into the evolutionary lineages of Argiope species in Southeast Asia as well as corroborated recent taxonomic changes and species synonymies associated with Argiope. Two new distribution records were also reported for A. chloreis Thorell,1877 and A. doleschalli Thorell, 1873 in Peninsular Malaysia.

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Peng, Sie-Ming, Der-Shn Liaw, Yu Wang, and Arndt Simon. "Ein Diiminosuccinonitril-Komplex mit coplanarer Ligandenanordnung und CoIICoII-Bindung und seine Reduktion zum monomeren CoI-Komplex." Angewandte Chemie 97, no. 3 (March 1985): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19850970320.

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13

Suntio, T., A. Shmelev, M. Lund, and M. Makarow. "The sorting determinant guiding Hsp150 to the COPI-independent transport pathway in yeast." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 22 (November 15, 1999): 3889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.22.3889.

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The COPI coatomer is thought to be required in yeast directly for retrograde transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and directly or indirectly for ER-to-Golgi transport. Unexpectedly, the secretory glycoproteins Hsp150 and invertase have been found not to require COPI for ER exit. The features according to which cargo proteins are selected for the COPI-independent pathway are not known. The ER form of Hsp150 has three distinct domains: an N-terminal fragment of 54 amino acids (subunit I) is followed by 11 repeats of a 19 amino acid peptide plus a unique C-terminal fragment of 114 amino acids (subunit II). By fusing heterologous proteins to different Hsp150 domains and expressing them in sec21-1 and sec21-3 mutants with temperature-sensitive mutations in the gamma-COPI subunit, we show here that the repeats of subunit II function as sorting determinants for COPI-independent ER exit. The C-terminal fragment of Hsp150 could be replaced by E. coli beta-lactamase or rat nerve growth factor receptor ectodomain (NGFRe), and subunit I could be deleted, without inhibiting COPI-independent transport. However, when the repetitive region was omitted and beta-lactamase was fused directly to the C terminus of subunit I, COPI was required for efficient ER exit. Mass spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that both subunit I and II of Hsp150 were extensively O-glycosylated, suggesting that the O-glycosylation pattern was not decisive for cargo selection.

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Cornuet, J. M., L. Garnery, and M. Solignac. "Putative origin and function of the intergenic region between COI and COII of Apis mellifera L. mitochondrial DNA." Genetics 128, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.2.393.

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Abstract The mitochondrial genome of honeybees is characterized by the presence of a long intergenic sequence located between the COI and COII genes. In addition, the length of this sequence varies between and within subspecies. Four length categories (200, 250, 450 and 650 bp) have been found in 63 sampled colonies. Analysis of the sequence of the largest type reveals the existence of two units: P (54 bp, 100% A + T) and Q (196 bp, 93.4% A + T). The lengths encountered in the sample are explained by the following combinations: Q, PQ, PQQ and PQQQ. According to similarities in primary and secondary structures, the sequence Q has been divided into three parts: Q1 (similar to the 3' end of the COI gene), Q2 (similar to the neighboring tRNA(leu) gene) and Q3 (highly similar to the P sequence). These relationships led us to hypothesize that these sequences, which do not have any counterpart in Drosophila yakuba mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), arose by tandem duplication. The usual location of length variation in mtDNA control regions prompted us to examine the hypothesis that this COI-COII intergenic region might contain an origin of replication. High A + T content, stability profile, hairpin and cloverleaf putative secondary structures are all in favor of this hypothesis.

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Ma, Yan-Ling, Jin-Ling Chen, Ling-Ying Xu, Ming-Kuan Cheng, Sheng Huang, Yang Liu, and Fu-Lai Liu. "Study on the Activity of a New Amidase Signature (AS) Family." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2021.2022.

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This study cloned a new amidase signature (AS) family gene from Escherichia coli (E. coii), and mainly investigated the activity of this enzyme. The protein, according to the bioinformatics analysis, belonged to the AS family. It was expressed, purified and characterized in E. coli BL21 (DE3). As a result, 40 °C and pH 8.0 were the optimum temperature and pH. It showed a wide substrate spectrum and high activity for aromatic and aliphatic amides, while with a narrow range of anilide substrate, and only propanol could be adopted as an effective substrate. Because of its wide range of substrate specificities, this will boost the applicability of amidase and make it have the potential for a wide range of applications in biosynthesis and biodegradation.

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Peng, Shie-Ming, Der-Shin Liaw, Yu Wang, and Arndt Simon. "Cofacial Dimer of a Diiminosuccinonitrile Complex Containing a CoII?CoII Bond and its Reduction to Monomeric CoI Complex." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24, no. 3 (March 1985): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198502101.

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17

WOODCOCK, C. Sarah, Evelyne RAUX, Florence LEVILLAYER, Claude THERMES, Alain RAMBACH, and J. Martin WARREN. "Effect of mutations in the transmethylase and dehydrogenase/chelatase domains of sirohaem synthase (CysG) on sirohaem and cobalamin biosynthesis." Biochemical Journal 330, no. 1 (February 15, 1998): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3300121.

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The Escherichia coli CysG protein (sirohaem synthase) catalyses four separate reactions that are required for the transformation of uroporphyrinogen III into sirohaem, initially two S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent transmethylations at positions 2 and 7, mediated through the C-terminal, or CysGA, catalytic domain of the protein, and subsequently a ferrochelation and dehydrogenation, mediated through the N-terminal, or CysGB, catalytic domain of the enzyme. This report describes how the deletion of the NAD+-binding site of CysG, located within the first 35 residues of the N-terminus, is detrimental to the activity of CysGB but does not affect the catalytic activity of CysGA, whereas the mutation of a number of phylogenetically conserved residues within CysGA is detrimental to the transmethylation reaction but does not affect the activity of CysGB. Further studies have shown that CysGB is not essential for cobalamin biosynthesis because the presence of the Salmonella typhimurium CobI operon with either cysGA or the Pseudomonas denitrificans cobA are sufficient for the synthesis of cobyric acid in an E. coli cysG deletion strain. Evidence is also presented to suggest that a gene within the S. typhimurium CobI operon might act as a chelatase that, at low levels of cobalt, is able to aid in the synthesis of sirohaem.

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Amakpe, Felicien, Lina De Smet, Marleen Brunain, Frans J. Jacobs, Brice Sinsin, and Dirk C. de Graaf. "Characterization of Native Honey Bee Subspecies in Republic of Benin Using Morphometric and Genetic Tools." Journal of Apicultural Science 62, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2018-0006.

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Abstract Morphometric characteristics combined with genetic markers are powerful tools used for determining honey bee subspecies. Bees samples collected from 94 established apiaries distributed throughout all of the Republic of Benin were morphometricaly characterized using seven parameters and the COI-COII regions of mitochondrial DNA were sequenced. Based on the morphometric data the native honey bees could be divided into three distinct ecotypes - the Benino-dry-tropical-ecotype in the north, the Benino-Sudanian-ecotype in the central part and the Benino-Sudano-Guinean-ecotype in the south. The DNA COI-COII regions sequence analyses confirmed that the honey bee population of the Republic of Benin belongs to different mitotypes but do not correspond with the determined ecotypes. We could determine three new haplotypes which missed the P0 segment but the Q region was duplicated or triplicated. Phylogenetic analyses clustered them together in the A evolutionary lineage. In conclusion, morphometric and genetic analysis of the native West African honey bees indicated that each of the different mitotypes was able to adapt to the different ecological conditions in the country by morphometric adjustments.

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Островерхова, Н. В., О. Л. Конусова, А. Н. Кучер, Т. Н. Киреева, А. А. Воротов, and Е. А. Белых. "Генетическое разнообразие локуса COI-COII мтДНК медоносной пчелыApis melliferaL. в Томской области." Генетика 51, no. 1 (2015): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0016675815010105.

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Ahmad, Jamil, Florence Bothata-Nareetsile, and Clifford AL Becker. "Cyclic voltammetric studies of tris(alkylisocyanide)bis (triarylphosphine)cobalt(II) and tris(alkylisocyanide) bis(triarylphosphine)cobalt(I) complexes exhibiting synthetic interconvertability." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-100.

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Nine pairs of corresponding [CoI(CNR)3(PR'3)2]X, [CoII(CNR)3(PR'3)2]X2 complexes where X = ClO4, BF4; CNR = CNCMe3, CNCHMe2, CNC6H11, CNCH2Ph; PR'3 = PPh3, P(C6H4Me-p)3, P(C6H4OMe-p)3 have been studied using cyclic voltammetry in CH3CN solutions. All cycles are reversible, and E1/2 for the Co(I) complexes, initially oxidized, are within experimental error identical to E1/2 values for the corresponding Co(II) complexes, initially reduced. E1/2 values are strongly dependent on the triarylphosphine ligand, decreasing in the order PPh3 > > P(C6H4Me-p)3 > P(C6H4OMe-p)3, and weakly dependent on the alkylisocyanide ligand, decreasing in the order CNCH2Ph > CNCMe3 > CNC6H11 [Formula: see text] CNCHMe2. Solution ν(-N[Formula: see text]C) IR patterns reveal that the [CoI(CNR)3(PR'3)2]X complexes do not have regular trigonal bipyramidal coordination, their structure being determined by the particular CNR ligand, while the [CoII(CNR)3(PR'3)2]X2 complexes, specifically in CF3CH2OH, appear to have regular trigonal bipyramidal coordination.Key words: cyclic voltammetry, cobalt(I) complexes, cobalt(II) complexes, alkylisocyanide ligands, triarylphosphine ligands.

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Tharmatha, T., K. Gajapathy, R. Ramasamy, and S. N. Surendran. "Morphological and molecular identification of cryptic species in the Sergentomyia bailyi (Sinton, 1931) complex in Sri Lanka." Bulletin of Entomological Research 107, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000626.

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AbstractThe correct identification of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis is important for controlling the disease. Genetic, particularly DNA sequence data, has lately become an important adjunct to the use of morphological criteria for this purpose. A recent DNA sequencing study revealed the presence of two cryptic species in the Sergentomyia bailyi species complex in India. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the presence of cryptic species in the Se. bailyi complex in Sri Lanka using morphological characteristics and DNA sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunits. Sand flies were collected from leishmaniasis endemic and non-endemic dry zone districts of Sri Lanka. A total of 175 Se. bailyi specimens were initially screened for morphological variations and the identified samples formed two groups, tentatively termed as Se. bailyi species A and B, based on the relative length of the sensilla chaeticum and antennal flagellomere. DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and subunit II (COII) genes of morphologically identified Se. bailyi species A and B were subsequently analyzed. The two species showed differences in the COI and COII gene sequences and were placed in two separate clades by phylogenetic analysis. An allele specific polymerase chain reaction assay based on sequence variation in the COI gene accurately differentiated species A and B. The study therefore describes the first morphological and genetic evidence for the presence of two cryptic species within the Se. bailyi complex in Sri Lanka and a DNA-based laboratory technique for differentiating them.

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Pardillos Tomé, A., M. Guillén Gómez, and A. Comín Orce. "Melanosis coli and colon polyps." Revista Andaluza de Patología Digestiva 43, no. 4 (September 2, 2020): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37352/2020434.4.

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Resumen La melanosis coli es una condición benigna, consecuencia del efecto tóxico que producen los laxantes antraquinónicos sobre las células del epitelio colónico, desencadenando apoptosis celular y acúmulo del pigmento lipofucsina en el interior de los macrófagos de la lámina propia. No requiere tratamiento específico y desaparece al retirar el agente responsable. La tasa de detección de adenomas es mayor en estos pacientes debido a una mejor visualización de los pólipos, y no porque exista asociación con mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal ni de formación de adenomas.

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Silva, Larissa Marin Rodrigues, Manuela De Oliveira Ramalho, Cintia Martins, Vanderlei Geraldo Martins, and Odair Correa Bueno. "DIVERSITY OF Wasmannia auropunctata (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) AND THE USE OF MITOCHONDRIAL INTERGENIC SPACER AND LEUCINE tRNA FOR ITS IDENTIFICATION." Revista de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18316/rca.v12i2.4048.

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Formigas da espécie Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863) tem sido o foco de muitos estudos abordando o seu status de invasora, o seu sistema reprodutivo e o seu controle. Porém, poucos estudos têm analisado sua diversidade genética ou estudado novas técnicas para a identificação da espécie. No presente artigo foi estudada a diversidade de W. auropunctata em duas de suas regiões nativas, Brasil e Colômbia, testando novos métodos moleculares de identificação. Para tal, foi sequenciado o gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade I (COI), o espaçador intergênico (IGS), o RNA transportador (tRNA) e o gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade II (COII) de operárias de 31 localidades. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que 80% dos mitótipos identificados nunca haviam sido registrados anteriormente e que as amostras apresentaram uma alta diversidade haplotípica. A análise dos dados e comparação com diferentes estudos publicados indicam que o tRNA entre o IGS e o gene COII foi similar para todas as formigas dessa espécie, enquanto o IGS entre o gene COI e o tRNA variou em comprimento. Sendo assim, tais padrões poderiam contribuir para a identificação inter e intraespecífica, respectivamente. O presente trabalho demonstra a importância de mais estudos moleculares na área, uma vez que podem oferecer novas perspectivas sobre a diversidade da espécie, assim como métodos de identificá-la.

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Cao, Lian Fei, Huo Qing Zheng, Qi Yan Shu, Fu Liang Hu, and Zi Wei Xu. "Mitochondrial DNA Characterization of High Royal Jellyproducing Honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in China." Journal of Apicultural Science 61, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2017-0016.

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Abstract China is the largest producer and exporter of royal jelly in the world. The high production of royal jelly in China is mainly attributed to a high royal jelly-producing lineage of honeybees (Apis mellifera) (HRJB). However, few studies have been conducted on the genetic characterization of HRJB. In this study, the mitochondrial DNA intergenic region between cytochrome oxidase I and II (COI-COII) and the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequences (ND2) were determined for 90 HRJB colonies, collected from the regions of China where HRJB originated, and 25 unimproved A. m. ligustica colonies from China. COI-COII sequence analysis revealed two mitotypes (C1 and C2d) in HRJB colonies and one mitotype (C1) in unimproved A. m. ligustica colonies. The main mitotype (C1) in HRJB accounted for 93% of the colonies. Based on ND2 sequences, four and two mitotypes were found in HRJB and unimproved A. m. ligustica colonies, respectively. Sequence alignment showed that nucleotides in three positions of the ND2 sequence were different between the main mitotype of HRJB and that of unimproved A. m. ligustica. Our study suggested that HRJB was bred from A. m. ligustica and possibly had genetic characteristics different from unimproved A. m. ligustica.

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Slavchenko, I. Yu, E. V. Boreyko, N. V. Vorobey, T. G. Gavrysh, E. N. Pehota, and V. A. Kordyum. "Overexpression and purification of methionine aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli." Biopolymers and Cell 19, no. 3 (May 20, 2003): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.00065c.

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26

Shon, In-Jin. "Synthesis and Rapid Sintering of Nanocrystalline CoTi-ZrO2 Composite." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 54, no. 11 (November 5, 2016): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2016.54.11.826.

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STAMFORD, N. J. Patrick, Joël CROUZET, Béatrice CAMERON, Alex I. D. ALANINE, Andrew R. PITT, Alexei A. YELISEEV, and Alan R. BATTERSBY. "Biosynthesis of vitamin B12: the preparative multi-enzyme synthesis of precorrin-3A and 20-methylsirohydrochlorin (a 2,7,20-trimethylisobacteriochlorin)." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130335.

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The Bacillus subtilis genes hemB, hemC and hemD, encoding respectively the enzymes porphobilinogen synthase, hydroxymethylbilane synthase and uroporphyrinogen III synthase, have been expressed in Escherichia coli using a single plasmid construct. An enzyme preparation from this source converts 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) preparatively and in high yield into uroporphyrinogen III. The Pseudomonas denitrificans genes cobA and cobI, encoding respectively the enzymes S-adenosyl-L-methionine:uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase (SUMT) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:precorrin-2 methyltransferase (SP2MT), were also expressed in E. coli. When SUMT was combined with the coupled-enzyme system that produces uroporphyrinogen III, precorrin-2 was synthesized from ALA, and when SP2MT was also added the product from the coupling of five enzymes was precorrin-3A. Both of these products are precursors of vitamin B12, and they can be used directly for biosynthetic experiments or isolated as their didehydro octamethyl esters in > 40% overall yield. The enzyme system which produces precorrin-3A is sufficiently stable to allow long incubations on a large scale, affording substantial quantities (15-20 mg) of product.

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Monteiro, Antónia, and Naomi E. Pierce. "Phylogeny of Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Inferred from COI, COII, and EF-1α Gene Sequences." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 18, no. 2 (February 2001): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0872.

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Ferreira, Kátia M., Otávio Lino e Silva, Maria C. Arias, and Marco A. Del Lama. "Cytochrome-b variation in Apis mellifera samples and its association with COI–COII patterns." Genetica 135, no. 2 (March 29, 2008): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-008-9264-8.

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Nedic, N., L. Stanisavljevic, M. Mladenovic, and Jelena Stanisavljevic. "Molecular characterization of the honeybee Apis mellifera carnica in Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 61, no. 4 (2009): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0904587n.

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The sequences COI-COII of the mitochondrial DNA region in honeybee from four geographically distant regions in Serbia (Vrsac, Knjazevac, Kraljevo, and Vranje) are analyzed. The research was conducted on eight different, previously selected honeybee lines preserved (linear selection) in the four reprocenters for queen bees. All four studied honeybee lines differ in morphological and productive traits, each being specific for the corresponding region. In addition to analysis of the mtDNA sequences in Serbian honeybee, a comparative analysis of the phylogenetic group of so far known C2 haplotypes was also performed. The results revealed two novel polymorphic positions in the COI-COII mtDNA region, viz., h2 at position 3474 and l2 at position 3534 (a T nucleotide deletion in both cases) in honeybees from the regions of Vranje and Knjazevac, respectively. Two novel mtDNA haplotypes in the honeybee C2 phylogenetic group, together with C2I (the new polymorphic position l2 and G-A transition at position 3587) and C2J (the new polymorphic position h2), are described. Also, comparative analysis performed on sequences from GenBank data showed a high degree of similarity (similarity index = 99.4%) between the novel C2I mtDNA haplotype and an A. m. cypria haplotype originating from Turkey. Certain domestic Kranjska honeybee populations from Serbia represent an autochthonous gene pool that can be of great importance for further presentation of honeybee biodiversity. The present paper contributes to characterization of mtDNA in honeybee of Serbia.

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Sontigun, Narin, Kabkaew Sukontason, Jens Amendt, Barbara Zajac, Richard Zehner, Kom Sukontason, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, and Anchalee Wannasan. "Molecular Analysis of Forensically Important Blow Flies in Thailand." Insects 9, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040159.

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Blow flies are the first insect group to colonize on a dead body and thus correct species identification is a crucial step in forensic investigations for estimating the minimum postmortem interval, as developmental times are species-specific. Due to the difficulty of traditional morphology-based identification such as the morphological similarity of closely related species and uncovered taxonomic keys for all developmental stages, DNA-based identification has been increasing in interest, especially in high biodiversity areas such as Thailand. In this study, the effectiveness of long mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II (COI and COII) sequences (1247 and 635 bp, respectively) in identifying 16 species of forensically relevant blow flies in Thailand (Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya chani, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya nigripes, Chrysomya pinguis, Chrysomya rufifacies, Chrysomya thanomthini, Chrysomya villeneuvi, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia papuensis, Lucilia porphyrina, Lucilia sinensis, Hemipyrellia ligurriens, Hemipyrellia pulchra, Hypopygiopsis infumata, and Hypopygiopsis tumrasvini) was assessed using distance-based (Kimura two-parameter distances based on Best Match, Best Close Match, and All Species Barcodes criteria) and tree-based (grouping taxa by sequence similarity in the neighbor-joining tree) methods. Analyses of the obtained sequence data demonstrated that COI and COII genes were effective markers for accurate species identification of the Thai blow flies. This study has not only demonstrated the genetic diversity of Thai blow flies, but also provided a reliable DNA reference database for further use in forensic entomology within the country and other regions where these species exist.

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SUKHIKH, IGOR, ALEXANDER BLINOV, and ALEXANDER BUGROV. "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of subfamilial placement of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers." Zootaxa 4551, no. 5 (February 4, 2019): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.5.2.

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The genus Haplotropis Sauss. is a relatively small genus in the family Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Historically, there has been a discussion on the placement of this genus, whether it belongs in the subfamily Pamphaginae or in the subfamily Thrinchinae. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI, COII) and the ITS2 rRNA nuclear region of multiple species of the family Pamphagidae and related taxa. Our results clearly support the placement of the genus Haplotropis, and other species of the tribe Haplotropidini, in the subfamily Thrinchinae.

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Kim, Dong-Seog, and Young-Seek Park. "E. coli Disinfection Using a Multi Plasma Reactor." Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/jehs.2013.39.2.187.

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Choi, Eunsil, and Jihwan Hwang. "Non-ribosomal Ribosome Assembly Factors in Escherichia coli." Journal of Life Science 24, no. 8 (August 30, 2014): 915–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2014.24.8.915.

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Han, Seung Hee, Hyeong Min Kim, Myeong Woon Lim, and Jin-Kyoo Kim. "Functional Expression of Soluble Streptavidin in Escherichia coli." Journal of Life Science 25, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2015.25.6.631.

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Vladimirov, S. N., D. M. Graifer, M. A. Zenkova, G. Y. Karpova, L. V. Olenina, S. V. Kirillov, E. M. Makarov, V. I. Makhno, and Yu P. Semenkov. "Photoaffinity modification of E-site of Escherichia coli ribosomes." Biopolymers and Cell 5, no. 1 (January 20, 1989): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000044.

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37

AYDIN TUTAK, Gülten, and Hamdi Murat TUĞRUL. "Investigation of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Patients with Diarrhea." Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 49, no. 1 (January 26, 2015): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.8822.

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Yun, Hyejeong, Kyeonghun Park, Kyoung Yul Ryu, Jong-Chul Yun, and Byung Seok Kim. "Multiplication of Escherichia coli DH5α::gfp on Strawberry Fruit Surface." Korean Journal of Food Preservation 20, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.2.250.

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39

Liao, Rong-Zhen, Shi-Lu Chen, and Per E. M. Siegbahn. "Which Oxidation State Initiates Dehalogenation in the B12-Dependent Enzyme NpRdhA: CoII, CoI, or Co0?" ACS Catalysis 5, no. 12 (November 12, 2015): 7350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b01502.

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Coulibaly, Krouholé, Muhammad Majeed, Chao Chen, Kolo YEO, Wei Shi, and Chun-Sen Ma. "Insights into the Maternal Ancestry of Côte d’Ivoire Honeybees Using the Intergenic Region COI-COII." Insects 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10040090.

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Honeybee populations in Côte d’Ivoire have been previously identified as belonging to one subspecies, Apis mellifera scutellata, but other studies have since reported a mixed population consisting of A. m. adansonii and A. m. jemenitica. The population structure and the geographic distribution of honeybees in Côte d’Ivoire remain unclear. This study aimed to profile the population structure of honeybees and their biogeography in Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 33 honeybee colonies were sampled from 15 localities to investigate the maternal ancestry of indigenous honeybee populations using the DraI COI-COII mtDNA test. The results revealed that the honeybee population in Côte d’Ivoire is composed of African haplotypes, all belonging to the AI sublineage. Haplotypes A1 and A4 were recorded with five new sequence variants, including three types of haplotype A1 and two types of haplotype A4. The A1e variant was the most frequent in the A. m. adansonii distributional area. The distribution of the haplotype variants was correlated with the climate pattern in Côte d’Ivoire. This is the first study in Côte d’Ivoire that gives insights into the biogeography and mitotype structure of the local honeybee populations.

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41

Marinescu, Smaranda C., Jay R. Winkler, and Harry B. Gray. "Molecular mechanisms of cobalt-catalyzed hydrogen evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (September 4, 2012): 15127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213442109.

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Several cobalt complexes catalyze the evolution of hydrogen from acidic solutions, both homogeneously and at electrodes. The detailed molecular mechanisms of these transformations remain unresolved, largely owing to the fact that key reactive intermediates have eluded detection. One method of stabilizing reactive intermediates involves minimizing the overall reaction free-energy change. Here, we report a new cobalt(I) complex that reacts with tosylic acid to evolve hydrogen with a driving force of just 30 meV/Co. Protonation of CoI produces a transient CoIII-H complex that was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The CoIII-H intermediate decays by second-order kinetics with an inverse dependence on acid concentration. Analysis of the kinetics suggests that CoIII-H produces hydrogen by two competing pathways: a slower homolytic route involving two CoIII-H species and a dominant heterolytic channel in which a highly reactive CoII-H transient is generated by CoI reduction of CoIII-H.

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42

Cyr, Frédéric, Annie Paquet, André L. Martel, and Bernard Angers. "Cryptic lineages and hybridization in freshwater mussels of the genus Pyganodon (Unionidae) in northeastern North America." Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, no. 12 (December 2007): 1216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-104.

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The distribution of freshwater mussels Pyganodon Crosse and P. Fischer, 1894 traditionally inferred from morphological characters was validated by a genetic characterization of the genus within the Quebec peninsula. Individuals were identified by comparing the sequences from the female mitochondrial genome (COI and 16S) with those of reference individuals, while hybridization was assessed with male mitochondrial (COI and COII) and nuclear genomes (ITS1 and ITS2). The results confirmed most of the previous morphological identifications but revealed unexpected results. Both male and female mitochondrial genomes support the distinction between Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819) and Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817). However, only one lineage of Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829), instead of the two expected, was detected in the sampled area. The genetic survey also revealed the presence of two unidentified Pyganodon lineages, previously unreported within the Quebec peninsula. These extremely rare lineages harbour the signature of ancestral hybridizations. Finally, recent divergence and hybridizations make shell characters only partially efficient in discriminating Pyganodon lineages.

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TRIAPITSYN, SERGUEI V., DANEL B. VICKERMAN, JOHN M. HERATY, and GUILLERMO A. LOGARZO. "A new species of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitic on proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the New World." Zootaxa 1158, no. 1 (March 23, 2006): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1158.1.3.

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A new species of Gonatocerus Nees (Mymaridae) is described from the states of San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas in Mexico, with additional records from Argentina and Peru. Type specimens of G. uat S. Triapitsyn sp. n. were reared in Mexico from the eggs of proconiine sharpshooters (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini) in the genera Homalodisca Stål and Oncometopia Stål. Taxonomic and molecular evidence from five gene regions (28S-D2, ITS1, ITS2, COI, COII) is provided to help differentiate the new species from the morphologically similar taxon, G. ashmeadi Girault, which also belongs to the ater species group of Gonatocerus.

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Lee, W., H. Kim, and S. Lee. "A new aphid genus Neoaulacorthum (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), determined by molecular and morphometric analyses." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 1 (August 27, 2010): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000350.

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AbstractWe performed molecular and morphological analyses to determine the generic limit of the genus Aulacorthum, including several species with controversial taxonomic histories. The sequences of four mitochondrial genes, COI, COII, srRNA and lrRNA, and one nuclear gene, EF1a, implied that Aulacorthum is not monophyletic, with Aulacorthum magnoliae and Aulacorthum nipponicum forming a clade that is not sister to other currently recognized Aulacorthum species. Morphometric analysis based on 20 morphological characters also showed that A. magnoliae and A. nipponicum exhibited morphological characteristics distinct from congeneric species. Based on these results, we propose a new genus, Neoaulacorthum ge. n., for A. magnoliae and A. nipponicum.

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Hyman, B. C., J. L. Beck, and K. C. Weiss. "Sequence amplification and gene rearrangement in parasitic nematode mitochondrial DNA." Genetics 120, no. 3 (November 1, 1988): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/120.3.707.

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Abstract The nematode Romanomermis culicivorax, an obligate mosquito parasite, possesses a 26 kilobase (kb) mitochondrial genome. The unusually large size is due to transcriptionally active DNA sequences present as 3.0 kb direct tandem repeats and as inverted portions of the repeating unit located elsewhere in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The genome rearrangements involved in establishing this unusual sequence organization may have dramatically altered conventional mitochondrial gene order. Genes for subunits of the cytochrome c oxidase complex (COI and COII) are normally closely linked in animal mtDNAs, but are separated by approximately 8 kb in this mitochondrial genome.

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Lobo Segura, Jorge Arturo. "Highly polymorphic DNA markers in an Africanized honey bee population in Costa Rica." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 2 (June 2000): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000200013.

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Two genetic markers (the mtDNA COI-COII intergenic region and the microsatellite A7) with high levels of variability in South African and European honey bees were analyzed in wild swarms of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Costa Rica. Allelic or haplotypic frequencies revealed high levels of genetic variability at these loci in this population. Most of the alleles were African alleles, although some European-derived alleles were also present. Differences in the frequencies of African alleles between African and Africanized samples were minor, which could be explained by founder effects occurring during the introduction of African honey bee populations into South America.

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Samerjai, Chutharat, Kabkaew L. Sukontason, Narin Sontigun, Kom Sukontason, Tunwadee Klong-klaew, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Hiromu Kurahashi, et al. "Mitochondrial DNA-Based Identification of Forensically Important Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Thailand." Insects 11, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010002.

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Flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) are necrophagous insects initially colonizing on a corpse. The species-specific developmental data of the flies collected from a death scene can be used to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). Thus, the first crucial step is to correctly identify the fly species. Because of the high similarity among species of flesh flies, DNA-based identification is considered more favorable than morphology-based identification. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of combined sequences (2216 to 2218 bp) of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II genes (COI and COII) for identification of the following 14 forensically important flesh fly species in Thailand: Boettcherisca nathani Lopes, Fengia ostindicae (Senior-White), Harpagophalla kempi (Senior-White), Liopygia ruficornis (Fabricius), Lioproctia pattoni (Senior-White), Lioproctia saprianovae (Pape & Bänziger), Parasarcophaga albiceps (Meigen), Parasarcophaga brevicornis (Ho), Parasarcophaga dux (Thomson), Parasarcophaga misera (Walker), Sarcorohdendorfia antilope (Böttcher), Sarcorohdendorfia inextricata (Walker), Sarcorohdendorfia seniorwhitei (Ho) and Seniorwhitea princeps (Wiedemann). Nucleotide variations of Thai flesh flies were evenly distributed throughout the COI-COII genes. Mean intra- and interspecific variations ranged from 0.00 to 0.96% and 5.22% to 12.31%, respectively. Using Best Match (BM) and Best Close Match (BCM) criteria, identification success for the combined genes was 100%, while the All Species Barcodes (ASB) criterion showed 76.74% success. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic analyses yielded similar tree topologies of monophyletic clades between species with very strong support values. The achieved sequences covering 14 forensically important flesh fly species including newly submitted sequences for B. nathani, F. ostindicae and S. seniorwhitei, can serve as a reliable reference database for further forensic entomological research in Thailand and in other areas where those species occur.

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48

Rajeswari S, Harindran Suhana, and Kalaivizhi R. "Studies on the Spectral, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activities of 1-((Dicyclohexylamino) (Phenyl) Methyl) Pyrrolidine-2, 5-Dione and Few of its Metal Complexes." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 3124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4653.

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1-((dicyclohexylamino)(phenyl)methyl) pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (SDB) has been synthesized as a result of succinimide, benzaldehyde and dicyclohexylamine Mannich base condensation and its CoII, NiII and CuII complexes were prepared. The structure of the Mannich Base ligand (SDB) was elucidated on the basis of FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral studies. The monomeric and non-electrolytic nature of the metal complexes is evidenced by their magnetic susceptibility and low conductance data studies. Spectral tests, mainly FT-IR studies as well as elemental analysis, were carried out to verify the structures of the newly synthesized compounds. All the metal complexes possess a six-coordinate geometry. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes have been tested against Gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus), Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigates) for their in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Preliminary antimicrobial studies of the ligand and their metal complexes have also been carried out in order to understand the toxic effect of ligands and metal complexes against the selective microbes. The results showed that the metal chelates of the ligands showed higher antimicrobial activities than the free ligand SDB and CoII complexes possess higher activity than the other metal complexes.

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PERETZ., L. H. "Coli-Antagonismus und Coli-Therapie." Acta Medica Scandinavica 93, no. 4-5 (April 24, 2009): 375–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1937.tb17621.x.

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Хлебодарова, Т. М., and T. M. Khlebodarova. "Modeling of Nitrite Utilization in E. coli Cells: Flux Analysis." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2013): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2013.8.276.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Co.i'

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