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Tanvir, Khaliq Shami, Ali Adil Sultan, Hassan Sarfraz, and Khalid Bashir Muhammad. "Spatial market integration and price transmission in major potato markets of Panjab, Pakistan." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 23 (2020): 2328–35. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i23.411.
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Abstract <strong>Background/ Objectives:</strong> This study investigated market integration and asymmetric price transmission in the potato markets for the seven major Potato markets, i.e., Okara, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Lahore, Gujranwala, Multan, and Rawalpindi in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. <strong>Methods/Statistical analysis:</strong> The study estimated the data by using the Johansen Co-integration (JJ) technique, vector error correction model, and Vector autoregressive (VAR) model. <strong>Findings:</strong> The empirical results show as major Potato markets are integrated, i.e., there exist the law of one price. These findings also supported the results of the Granger causality analysis. The results of pairwise granger casualty show the direction of price transmission between the selected Potato markets in Punjab, Pakistan. <strong>Application:</strong> These results suggest for market integration and competition rather than collusion in Potato markets in Punjab, Pakistan, and provide little justification for government intervention designed to improve competitiveness or to enhance market efficiency. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Market integration; Potato; Co-integration; Causality
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Afzal, Marina, Muhammad Usman, and Abdul Raheman. "Comparative Study of Pair Trading Techniques in Pakistan’s Financial and Non-Financial Sector." Reviews of Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (2023): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53909/rms.05.01.0185.
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Purpose: This study attempts to empirically investigate the pair trading performance of financial and non-financial firms in Pakistan. Methodology: Daily data from 2008 to 2017 was collected for nine years. Cointegration and the distance approach were the two major analytical techniques used to evaluate the profitability of pair trading. The financial and non-financial sectors of the Pakistan Stock Exchange were used to build the pairs. Findings: Results showed that the top 5 pairs of portfolios exhibited the highest average excess returns of 0.0698, and Jensen's alpha is 0.0947 for the top 5 pairs. All pairs of firms showed significant and positive risk-adjusted performance. In the non-financial sector, the Top 10 pairs of portfolios had the highest average excess returns of 0.0789, and Jensen's alpha under the co-integration method for non-financial firms for all pairs 5, 10, 15, and 20 of the portfolios is also substantial and positive for risk-adjusted performance, with 0.0046, 0.0618, 0.0577, and 0.0493, respectively. Finally, pair trading under both techniques showed profitability. However, the co-integration technique exhibited better performance than the distance method. Conclusion: The study concluded that both pair trading techniques, particularly the co-integration technique, exhibited profitable pair trading performance that can assist investors and fund managers to earn positive returns on their investments regardless of market direction.
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Gangadharan, Srinivasa Rao, and Lakshmi Padmakumari. "Impact of Domestic Public Debt on Economic Growth - An Empirical Study in the Indian Context." Asian Journal of Empirical Research 6, no. 4 (2016): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007/2016.6.4/1007.4.101.116.
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This study is an empirical investigation to assess the impact of domestic debt on India’s Economic growth during the period 1980 – 2014. We use data on Domestic Debt, Net Fiscal Deficit, Exports, Savings, Real Gross Domestic Product, Population and Terms of Trade. This study adopts the ARDL Co-Integration and Granger Causality techniques to investigate the relation between the key variables. The study also employs various post estimation tests to validate the fitness and stability of the models based on Gauss Markov assumptions, after employing the ordinary least square regression on various models. We find that debt negatively impacts economic growth while savings has a positive impact. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique used to test the robustness suggests existence of co-integration among the variables. However, none of the long run co-efficient is significant. The granger causality and co-integration test results support the traditional view that debt negatively impacts economic growth.
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Kumar, M. P. Sharath, and P. R. Suresh. "Market Efficiency of Rubber: An Analytical Study Based on Co-integration Technique." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 8, no. 4 (2017): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2017.8.4.1719.
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Das, Debojyoti, and Kannadhasan Manoharan. "Emerging stock market co-movements in South Asia: wavelet approach." International Journal of Managerial Finance 15, no. 2 (2019): 236–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-11-2017-0255.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the co-movement and market integration dynamics of the emerging/frontier stock markets in South Asia (India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) with a portfolio management perspective. Design/methodology/approach Scholars in the past have documented the limitation of standard econometric techniques such as co-integration analysis to capture this phenomenon. The other econometric technique widely used in integration and comovement literature is dynamic conditional correlation-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. This method captivates the time-varying correlations, although frequency information is absent. The wavelet-based analysis decomposes the time-series data in a time-frequency domain, which is largely useful to fund managers and policy makers. This study examines the regional integration in selected South Asian markets using wavelet analysis. Findings The results suggest some degree of market integration, however weak as compared to regional integrations in developed markets. Pakistan and India were found to be the potential leaders at varying time scales in the region. Weaker co-movement phenomena may offer ample arbitrage opportunities to investors in this region. In addition, the authors also find that the structure of correlation changes after some of the major macroeconomic events. Originality/value This study is among the first to examine co-movement and integration of stock returns in a time-frequency domain for South Asia. In addition, the authors also highlight weak integration in these markets, which may be beneficial for portfolio diversification.
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Rani, Pooja, Rachna Agrawal, and Taufeeque Ahmad Siddiqui. "An ARDL co-integration technique to examine the investment behaviour of institutional investors." International Journal of Corporate Governance 14, no. 4 (2024): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcg.2024.142088.
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Fosci, Paolo, and Giuseppe Psaila. "Soft Integration of Geo-Tagged Data Sets in J-CO-QL+." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 9 (2022): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090484.
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The possibility offered by the current technology to collect and store data sets regarding public places located on the Earth globe is posing new challenges, as far as the integration of these data sets is concerned. Analysts usually need to perform such an integration from scratch, without performing complex and long preprocessing or data-cleaning tasks, as well as without performing training activities that require tedious and long labeling of data; furthermore, analysts now have to deal with the popular JSON format and with data sets stored within JSON document stores. This paper demonstrates that a methodology based on soft integration (i.e., data integration performed through soft computing and fuzzy sets) can now be effectively applied from scratch, through the J-CO Framework, which is a stand-alone tool devised to process JSON data sets stored within JSON document stores, possibly by performing soft querying on data sets. Specifically, the paper provides the following contributions: (1) It presents a soft-computing technique for integrating data sets describing public places, without any preliminary pre-processing, cleaning and training, which can be applied from scratch; (2) it presents current capabilities for soft integration of JSON data sets, provided by the J-CO Framework; (3) it demonstrates the effectiveness of the soft integration technique; (4) it shows how a stand-alone tool able to support soft computing (as the J-CO Framework) can be effective and efficient in performing data-integration tasks from scratch.
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Kaur, Gurmit, and Siti Ayu Jalil. "Examining the Linkage between Poverty and Macroeconomic Variables in Malaysia: A Co-integration Analysis." Information Management and Business Review 9, no. 2 (2017): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v9i2.1718.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the linkage between the macroeconomic variables i.e. gross domestic product per capita (GDP), unemployment (UNE), tourist receipts (TOU), consumer price index (CPI) and poverty rate (POV) in Malaysia from 1969-2014. The econometric techniques used are unit root test and the Johansen Cointegration. The Granger Causality test using Block Exogeneity Wald test was added to analyze the causal relationships between the variables. The unit root test showed that all variables were stationary at first difference and thus the Johansen Co-integration test is an appropriate technique to employ. The evidence from co-integration test indicates that all the five series have three (3) co-integrating equations and significance at 1 percent level of significance. The causality test indicated there is a significant unidirectional causality between POV on GDP, CPI on POV, POV on TOU, GDP on UNE, GDP on TOU and CPI on TOU and bidirectional causality between POV and UNE. This paper is possibly the first to discuss these relationships in Malaysian context using Co-integration analysis. The finding implies that poverty is the key issue that should be addressed to achieve a high-income country status in the year 2020.
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Kaouther, AMIRI. "Public Debt and Economic Growth in MENA Countries. An Analysis by Panel Co-Integration Techniques." International Journal of Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Education 03, no. 06 (2024): 953–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11564721.
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This study analyzes the dynamic relationship between public debt and economic growth in the economies of the MENA region during 1996 -2020. To do this, two econometric tools were applied. The first method presents panel cointegration techniques and Granger causality tests to verify the existence of a long-term relationship and examine the direction of causality between the different variables chosen. The FMOLS and DOLS panel techniques were used to estimate the long-term parameters. Thus, we show that the long-term impact of public debt on economic growth is both positive and significant. The second method describes the link using a linear growth model and another dynamic model. The latter two were estimated using the generalized moments method with dynamic panel data. The results show a close relationship between the exogenous variable debt and endogenous variable economic growth, and that debt positively affects growth up to a certain threshold. Beyond this threshold, the effect becomes negative and significant. Nevertheless, we have concluded that from a certain threshold, debt can exceed the repayment capacities and, therefore, disadvantage growth, which will in turn discourage domestic investments and savings.
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P, Nageswari, Rajan S, and Manivel K. "Fractional Calculus and Fuzzy Rule Based Filter for Despeckling the Medical Images." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (2018): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.21312.
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Medical ultrasound imaging plays an important role in diagnosis of various complicated disorders. But, these ultrasound images are intrinsically degraded with speckle noise which harshly affects the image visual qualities and essential particulars. Hence, denoising is an unavoidable process in medical image processing. In this paper, a new despeckling technique is presented for denoising the medical ultrasound images by employing fuzzy technique on co-efficient of variation and fractional order integration filter. The proposed technique has two steps. During first step, the noisy image pixels are classified into three regions by using fuzzy technique on co-efficient of variation and consequently, the proposed technique adaptively employs appropriate filters on the grouped pixels to reduce noise in the ultrasound image. In the second step, to obtain an effective denoising image, the fractional order integration filter is applied on the resulting image of step 1. The performance of the proposed technique is tested on various medical images in terms of Peak signal to noise ratio and speckle suppression index quality measures. Experimental results reveal that the proposed despeckling technique can efficiently reduce the speckle noise, protect the edges and preserves any other important structural details of an image. It is suggested that the proposed technique is employed as a preprocessing tool for medical image analysis and diagnosis.
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Fatmawati, Sri, and Algifari Algifari. "EFEK FISHER DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN CO-INTEGRATION DAN ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (ECM)." Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis 9, no. 1 (2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrmb.2014.91.225.
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The aim of this research is to examine the existence of Fisher Effect for Indonesian Economy, by regressing interest rate on rate of inflation in period 1980-2011. With co-integration and error correction technique, the results indicate that an increases of one percent in inflation rate lead to increase in interest rate at 0,13 percent in short-run and at 0,95 percent in longrun. This research can’t confirm the existence of Fisher Effect in Indonesian Economy in short-run, but this effect exists in long-run. Keywords: Fisher Effect, Interest Rate, Inflation Rate, Co-integration, Error Correction Model
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Hristov, Jordan. "Multiple integral-balance method: Basic idea and an example with Mullin’s model of thermal grooving." Thermal Science 21, no. 3 (2017): 1555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170410124h.
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A multiple integration technique of the integral-balance method allowing solving high-order diffusion equations is conceived in this note. The new method termed multiple-integral balance method is based on multiple integration procedures with respect to the space co-ordinate and is generalization of the widely applied heat-balance integral method of Goodman and the double integration method of Volkov. The method is demonstrated by a solution of the linear diffusion models of Mullins for thermal grooving.
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Vo, Duc Hong, Anh The Vo, and Chi Minh Ho. "Does Financial Integration Enhance Economic Growth in China?" Economies 8, no. 3 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030065.
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China is a fascinating country in Asia, the second-largest economy in the world, with incredible economic growth and development in the last two decades. In addition, China has dramatically enjoyed a disciplined and successful financial integration with the region and the world in the same period. As such, it is interesting to examine a potential link between economic growth and financial integration in this most populous country. This paper was conducted to identify whether financial integration fosters Chinese economic growth. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model is selected, utilizing the most updated data on a globalization (or integration) index. Two distinct aspects of financial integration, the de facto (proxied for economic activities) and the de jure (proxied for the Government policies leading to integration), are considered in this paper. We apply an econometric technique, using yearly aggregated data, to examine a long-term co-integration and a causal relationship between financial integration and economic growth in China. Findings from this paper indicate a long-term co-integration between financial integration de facto and economic growth in China. The bidirectional causality between financial integration and economic growth in China is also confirmed using the Granger causality test.
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Fukumoto, Kazui, and Yoshifumi Ogami. "Simulation of CO-H2-Air Turbulent Nonpremixed Flame Using the Eddy Dissipation Concept Model with Lookup Table Approach." Journal of Combustion 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/496460.
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We present a new combustion simulation technique based on a lookup table approach. In the proposed technique, a flow solver extracts the reaction rates from the look-up table using the mixture fraction, progress variable, and reaction time. Look-up table building and combustion simulation are carried out simultaneously. The reaction rates of the chemical species are recorded in the look-up table according to the mixture fraction, progress variable, and time scale of the reaction. Once the reaction rates are recorded, a direct integration to solve the chemical equations becomes unnecessary; thus, the time for computing the reaction rates is shortened. The proposed technique is applied to an eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model and it is validated through a simulation of a CO-H2-air nonpremixed flame. The results obtained by using the proposed technique are compared with experimental and computational data obtained by using the EDC model with direct integration. Good agreement between our method and the EDC model and the experimental data was found. Moreover, the computation time for the proposed technique is approximately 99.2% lower than that of the EDC model with direct integration.
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Zhang, Qinduan, Jie Hu, Yubin Wei, et al. "Compact and Low-Power-Consumption CO Sensor Using a QCL with Intermittent Scanning Technique." Photonics 10, no. 1 (2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010095.
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A compact and low-power-consumption gas sensor using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at 4.6 μm for measurement of carbon monoxide (CO) was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A compact sensor structure with a physical dimension of 14 × 10 × 6.5 cm3 was designed. A new intermittent scanning technique was used to drive the QCL to reduce the power consumption of the system. In this technique, the power consumption of the sensor is as low as 1.08 W, which is about 75% lower than the conventional direct absorption technology. The stability of the CO sensor was demonstrated by continuously monitoring CO concentration for more than 1 h. In the concentration range of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, the CO sensor exhibited a satisfactory linear response (R-square = 0.9998). With an integration time of 202 s, the minimum detection limit was increased to 4.85 ppb, based on an Allan deviation analysis.
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Ofori-Abebrese, Grace. "A Co-Integration Analysis of Growth in Government Consumption Expenditure in Ghana." Journal of African Development 14, no. 1 (2012): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.14.1.0047.
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Abstract Growth in government consumption expenditure in Ghana has been a concern to policy makers since independence. This paper uses the co-integration technique to determine how inflation, real GDP, trade openness, population growth and relative price influence government consumption expenditure. The study revealed that increases in real GDP, trade openness and inflation cause a fall in government consumption expenditure as a share of GDP. Higher relative price levels and larger population size increase government consumption expenditure for the period 1977-2007. The study recommend measures to curb population growth, reduce the price of public goods, manage the over liberalization of the economy, among others.
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Rafiq, Asim, and Shabib Hasan. "Co-integration analysis between stock prices & exchange rates: Evidence from Pakistan." International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 4, no. 2 (2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaes.v4i2.6609.
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Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between stock prices represent by (KSE100 index) and Exchange rates in case of Pakistani economy. Methodology: Quarterly data from 1993 to 2010 has been used for the study & co-integration technique applied to examine the relationship between KSE 100 index & Pakistani currency in terms of rupees per dollar. Findings: The results suggest that the residual from the OLS regression are non-stationary at level using critical values suggest by Davidson and MacKinnon (1993) so there is no co-integrated relationship found between stock prices & exchange rates. Conclusion: study can be concluded with the view that there is no long term relationship between stock prices & exchange rates.
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Qasim, Tahira Bano, Hina Ali, Alina Baig, and Maria Shams Khakwani. "Impact of Exchange Rate and Oil Prices on Inflation in Pakistan." Review of Economics and Development Studies 7, no. 2 (2021): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v7i2.349.
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This study investigates the impact of Exchange Rate (Rupees Vs US $) and oil prices (Pak. Petroleum) and on the inflation rate in Pakistan by applying the Co-Integration technique to the monthly data for all the three series ranging from January 2004 to January 2019. Unit root testing results provide strong statistical evidence for each of the series to be non-stationary at the level and stationary at first difference. Co-integration testing results confirm the existence of Cointegration among the selected time series. Moreover, the empirical results of the regression of inflation on the exchange rate and oil price also lead to conclude that both the series have a strong statistical significant impact on inflation in Pakistan.
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Bagadeem, Salim A., and Moid U. Ahmad. "Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth: How Important Is the Partnership?" Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p297.
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An understanding of the relationship between economic variables and healthcare variables will enable a better policy framework for a country. This study focuses on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), healthcare expenditures (HCE) and Out of Pocket expenses (OOP) using an annual data (2000-2015) from Saudi Arabian economy. The study uses statistical techniques such as unit root test, co-integration, linear regressions, Vector Auto Regressions and mediation technique for analysis.The research found that healthcare expenditure and GDP are correlated and co-integrated in long term (3-7 years) and that the GDP can be best explained at a lag of 3 years by healthcare expenditure. Mediation analysis revealed that private health expenses mediate the relationship between government health expenditure and national income.
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Vincent, B., J. F. Damlencourt, Y. Morand, et al. "The Ge condensation technique: A solution for planar SOI/GeOI co-integration for advanced CMOS technologies?" Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 11, no. 5-6 (2008): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2008.10.005.
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Akinmulegun, Sunday Ojo, and Oludayo Elijah Adekunle. "Insight on the Linkage between Foreign Direct Investment and Unemployment: Evidence from Nigerian Data." Journal of Accounting Research, Organization and Economics 5, no. 1 (2022): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jaroe.v5i1.20666.
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The menace of unemployment has continued to pose a great challenge to policy makers, practitioners and scholars in Nigeria. This is in spite of government’s diverse efforts at reducing unemployment. This study gave new insight into the short and long run effects of foreign direct investment on unemployment rate in Nigeria base on time series secondary data covering 1986 to 2018. The novelty of this study lies in using more rigorous technique of Autoregressive Distributed Lag-Bound co-integration approach to give new insight on the nexus between foreign direct investment and unemployment rate. Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test, Bound Co-integration test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag techniques were used for analysis. Base on findings, evidence of long run relationship was discovered between foreign direct investment and unemployment rate in Nigeria. The short and long run estimate suggested that foreign direct investment contributed significantly to the reduction of unemployment rate in Nigeria. The implication of these findings is that, foreign direct investment through assets expansion, technology, and knowledge diffusion generate employment opportunities thereby pushing unemployment rate trend downward in the economy.
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Kurniawati, Sri. "Granger Causality Between Local Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Indonesia." Journal of Business and Economics Review (JBER) Vol.3(4) Oct-Dec 2018 3, no. 4 (2018): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2018.3.4(1).
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Objective - This study examines the causal relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in West Kalimantan between 2009 and 2015. This research resulted in the enactment of Wagner's Law and/or Keynes's Theory in West Kalimantan leading the local government to take the right policies as an effort towards improving economic development. Methodology/Technique - By using panel data that combines time series data and cross-site data, it will be estimated by the Granger causality test which begins with a stationary test and co-integration test. Based on the co-integration tests, the results suggest that there is a long-term relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. Meanwhile, based on the Granger causality test, there is no reciprocal relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. Findings - A direct relationship in the form of the influence of government expenditure on economic growth in West Kalimantan. Novelty - These results are in line with the Keynes's Theory through its national income function. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Government Expenditure; Economic Growth; Co-integration; Causality. JEL Classification: F40, F43, F49.
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U., Tripura Sundari C., and Anindita Mitra. "Development and Degradation: The Nexus between GDP, FDI, and Pollution in India." Emerging Economy Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394901520907712.
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The nexus between development and environment has been a debatable topic for years, more so when foreign direct investment (FDI is used to accelerate the economy. Since environmental Kuznets curve may not be achievable by all economies and many studies have not been able to establish a consistent relationship between FDI and environment, this study determines the liaison between FDI, GDP, and pollution in India with time series data from 1990 to 2015. While per capita GDP plotted against per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emission indicates an alarming positive relation, the co-integration between FDI, GDP, and CO2 tested using unit root test statistics (augmented Dickey–Fuller test) for stationarity and then by Johansen and Juselius’s multivariate co-integration technique show a long-run co-integration. Since the existence of a relationship between variables does not prove causality, the variables are phrased in a vector error correction (VEC) form and vector error correction mechanism (VECM) Granger causality/block exogeneity Wald test which reveals that FDI has a positive and significant impact on pollution and GDP attracts FDI. This transitive relation suggests that FDI in pollution-controlling technology would be a feasible solution to sustainable development.
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ADEGBITE, Tajudeen A. "DOES TAXATION HAS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT? AN EMPIRICAL RESPONSE FROM CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 19, no. 4 (2019): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1931.
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ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of taxation on investment in Nigeria from 1970 to 2018. Relevant secondary data were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and Federal Inland Revenue Services Bulletin from 1970 to 2018. Regression analysis technique, Units root test, Johansen co-integration, Vector Error-Correction Model, and Granger causality tests were employed to determine the long run relationship and causality links among the variables. Results showed that PPT and Value added tax had positive significant impact on INV both in the short run and in the long run while Company income tax, and Custom and Excise duties impacted INV negatively. It is concluded that all components of taxes had positive significant impact on investment in Nigeria except corporate income tax. Corporate income tax had negative significant impact on investment both in the short run and in the long run.
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Hussain, Shabir, and Imran Sharif Chaudhry. "Impact of Climate Change on Yield of Major Food Crops in Pakistan." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 4 (2021): 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i4.189.
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Nowadays, global warming is increasing in response of climate change which affects almost every sector including the agriculture sector. Therefore, there is a need to confirm the policies for policymakers and government officials to minimize the monetary loss in response to climate change. In doing so, our study reveals the effect of climate change on the yield of major food crops in Pakistan. To check the existence of long-run association among the variables, we employJohansen co-integration technique from 1990 to 2019. The results proves that co-integration exists among the variables in the long run. Hence, this study suggested policy formulation for policymakers and government officials that should focus on the harmful effect of climate change on the agriculture sector to rebuild the resilient and sustainable agriculture sector of Pakistan.
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Raza, Syed Ali, Syed Zaki Hassan, and Arshian Sharif. "Asymmetric Relationship Between Government Revenues and Expenditures in a Developing Economy: Evidence from a Non-linear Model." Global Business Review 20, no. 5 (2019): 1179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150919846800.
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Understanding the revenue–expenditure nexus is the core essence of this research in the Pakistani context. This research examines the non-linear relationship between government revenues and government expenditures during 1972–2014. The recently developed non-linear co-integration technique has been used along with the symmetry test. The result shows that the revenues and expenditures have co-integration and provide the evidence in favour of fiscal synchronization hypothesis in the budgetary process. Moreover, the finding also reveals that the relationship between these two fiscal elements is asymmetric and negative changes in revenues and expenditures have a greater impact than the positive ones. Furthermore, another important aspect that was revealed during the study was that the negative shocks in the revenues will lead towards the drastically large increase in the expenditure.
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ENCINAS-SANZ, F., I. LEYVA, and J. M. GUERRA. "TIME AVERAGING OF IRREGULAR SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS OF A LARGE APERTURE LASER IN TRANSITORY REGIME." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 11, no. 06 (2001): 1771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127401002997.
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By means of a new experimental technique, we measure quasi-intantaneous transverse intensity patterns in the gain-switch peak of a transversely excited atmospheric CO 2 laser with large aperture. The patterns recorded with a 2 ns resolution show a completely irregular spatiotemporal behavior, but when the exposure time of the measurements increases, boundary-determined ordered structures can be observed. As a quantification of this averaging process, the contrast of the intensity distributions decreases as the time integration grows. The results are numerically reproduced by integration of the full Maxwell–Bloch equations.
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Abbasov, Ahliman. "Pooled Mean Group Approach to Test the Determinants of Financial Integration: Evidence From OECD and G20 Countries." Research in World Economy 10, no. 3 (2019): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n3p366.
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This study investigates the role of financial liberalization, trade integration, economic growth and global financial crisis on financial integration level of selected OECD and G20 countries during the period of 2000-2016. PMG technique has been implemented to estimate the ARDL model. Regression results suggest a statistically significant long run co-integration relationship between financial integration and independent variables. Analysis also concludes that there are both long run and short run positive impact of trade integration level on financial integration level. The study also concludes that the global financial crisis has had a negative influence on global financial integration both in the short run and long run. But according to the regression results the impact of financial liberalization on the actual financial integration level of the countries only appears in the long run. Results also indicate that positive impact of economic growth on financial globalization level appears only in the long run.
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Acquah, Henry de-Graft. "Threshold Effects and Asymmetric Price Adjustments within the Ghanaian Maize Market." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 9 (2012): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i9.351.
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This study investigated co integration and asymmetric adjustments in the end equilibrium between Ghanaian retail and wholesale maize markets using the Enders and Siklos technique. Two competing models, namely Consistent Threshold Autoregressive (C-TAR) and Consistent Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (C-MTAR) models were estimated. Following the application of a standard model selection technique, CMTAR model is selected as most appropriate. The results of the C-MTAR model confirm that the retail and wholesale prices of maize in Ghana are co integrated with threshold adjustment. Furthermore, it suggests that the process is asymmetric when the retail and wholesale prices of Ghanaian maize adjust to achieve the longterm equilibrium. Additionally, the adjustment is relatively faster when the price differential is increasing than when it is decreasing.
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Chiwira, Oscar. "Financial Development, Integration, Inclusion, and Economic Growth: Co-Integrating Relationships and Threshold Analysis." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE 10, no. 1 (2022): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2022.10.01.003.
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This study examines the short and long-run relationships between financial development, integration, inclusion, and economic growth in SADC, as well as the corresponding threshold levels. Covering the period 1995 to 2020, the ARDL technique was used to test for co-integrating relationships, and the GLS was utilized for the determination of the respective threshold levels. The study establishes that bank credit to the private sector negatively affects economic growth in the long run. Most SADC countries were still operating below their respective minimum financial development threshold levels. It is observed that there are no threshold levels for financial integration in SADC, although the result, compared with the threshold levels of financial development seems to suggest that the financial domestic system and some level of economic development are a prerequisite for financial integration decisions. The financial inclusion threshold level for poor SADC countries is low. Yet most of these countries had the highest mobile banking facilities in the region. One possible indication can be that these countries may be operating at financial inclusion levels detrimental to economic growth. Financial development, along with its facets of financial integration and financial inclusion, is found to be the driver of economic growth in SADC. SADC countries, therefore, need to establish a strategic mix of these facets of financial development for the realization of significant economic growth.
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Muhammad Adnan Yasin, Madiha Hasan, and Robina Anwar. "Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality Nexus in Middle-Income Countries: Exploring the Role of Research and Development Expenditure." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 5, no. 1 (2024): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v5i1.189.
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The study explored the role of Research and Development Expenditure in determining the linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and income inequality within middle-income countries. World development indicators were used as a source for panel secondary data from 1990-2023. Panel unit root analysis was employed for data stationarity. The Panel co-integration analysis using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) technique was applied to obtain correlations among three core variables. The findings explain that co-integration exists between variables; all variables are stationary at the first difference level. The FMOLS model incorporates the impact of FDI on the income inequality index with control variables. The analysis suggests that FDI in middle-income countries may decrease income inequality. Increasing research and development expenditures can reduce income inequality by promoting innovation and reducing reliance on external funding.
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Gabrielle Wijaya, Alessandro, Dewi Astuti, Zeplin Jiwa Husada Tarigan, and Natasya Edyanto. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia “Evidence from Co-Integration and Error Correction Modeling”." SHS Web of Conferences 76 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601002.
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This study aims to examine the influence of macroeconomic indicators and infrastructure spending on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the period 1981 to 2018. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sample in this study is macroeconomic variables, which include gross domestic product, inflation, debt to GDP ratio, interest rates, exchange rates, and infrastructure spending in the 1981 to 2018 period. The analysis technique used is cointegration and error correction modeling. The analysis shows that gross domestic product, inflation, debt to GDP ratio, interest rates, exchange rates, and infrastructure spending have a long-term and short-term relationship to FDI.
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ADEFABI, Rasak Adetunji. "Exchange Rates Management and Disaggregated Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria (1986-2019)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 8 (2021): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.88.10652.
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This study investigated the effect of exchange rates management on manufacturing sector in Nigeria from 1986-2019. Secondary data used in the analysis were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, (2020) and World Development Indicators, (2020). Stationarity and orders of integration of the variables were examined with both Augmented-Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Perron (PP) unit root tests. Having disaggregated manufacturing sector output into oil and non-oil source, two different models emerged. The results of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound test for co-integration revealed that the variables under oil sector model were co-integrated, while there was no evidence of co-integration in non-oil model. ARDL technique of estimation results showed that, both in the short-run and long-run, real exchange rates negatively and significantly impacted on oil manufacturing sector, while real interest rates negatively and significantly influenced the sector in the short-run. In the non-oil model, it was found that, both in the short-term and long-term, while real exchange rates negatively and significantly impacted on the sector, inflation produced positive and significant effect. Authority in Nigeria should improve on trade competitiveness of Nigeria with other countries via empowering the domestic currency to improve on domestic manufacturing sector performance.
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Adeyinka Damilola Ojomo. "Financial Reporting Quality and Investment Decisions Making in Organizations: An Empirical Analysis of Selected Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria." ORGANIZE: Journal of Economics, Management and Finance 3, no. 3 (2025): 155–69. https://doi.org/10.58355/organize.v3i3.87.
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The study examined the effect of financial reporting quality on investment decisions in ten listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study used data from annual financial statements published between the period of 2013 to 2022. Also, unit root testing and co-integration were used as the pre-test technique; while, panel data, fixed effect result, random result, fixed effect result and Hausman’ test were applied for the formulated objectives. The Levin, Lin & Chut, Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat and ADF - Fisher Chi- unit root techniques demonstrated that return on investment, accounting conservation, timely loss recognition and earning quality were integrated at order one and at level. Kao co-integration technique test confirmed a long-term association between the variables. Hence, indicating a long-term connection between return on investment, earning quality and accounting conservation, timely loss recognition. Also, the outcome indicates that the Hausman's test probability value was greater than 0.05 (p>0.05) levels of significance, indicating that Random effect estimate is the best estimator to explain the result. The result from the Random technique showed that earning quality and accounting conservation were significant at 5% significant level and directly related to return on investment; while, timely loss recognition was positively related to return on investment but non-significant at 5%. This suggests that 1% increase in earning quality (EAQ) and accounting conservation brought about 5.2% and 0.9% increase in return on investment (ROI) respectively; while, timely loss recognition had zero effective on return on investment (ROI). The study concluded that financial reporting quality boosts investment decisions made by investors, which promotes the rate of return on investments in listed manufacturing corporation. It is recommended that management of manufacturing organization should ensure that their respective financial reporting provide valuable knowledge for decision-making, with respect to the standard of financial statements through complying within commonly agreed accounting standards.
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Qizam, Ibnu, Abdul Qoyum, and Misnen Ardiansyah. "Global Financial Crisis and Islamic Capital Market Integration among 5-ASEAN Countries." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 2, no. 3 (2015): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2015.023-04.
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Islamic Capital Market is important part of Financial System in ASEAN countries especially in the context of AEC. The objective of this paper is to investigate interconnection long run equilibrium of Islamic Capital Market in ASEAN Countries. Using daily closing price for from September 2007 to October 2012, this study examine five Islamic Capital markets in ASEAN namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. This study examines on Integration among these Islamic Capital markets by relies a simple correlation test, Granger causality test and co-integration test using error correction model. This research documents some interesting finding. First, Using Johansen estimation technique, there is co-integration between the considered Islamic indices namely; Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Second, Since the co-integration exists, granger causality test shows that there is three bi-directional causalities namely; between Malaysia Islamic Capital Market and Singapore Islamic Capital Market; between Thailand Islamic Capital Market and Singapore Islamic Capital Market; and between Singapore Islamic Capital Market and Philippines Islamic Capital Market. However, there is a unidirectional between Indonesia Islamic Market (MCIINA) and Malaysia Islamic Market (MCIMY), MCIINA and Philippines Islamic Market (MCIPhil), MCIINA and Thailand Islamic Market (MCITHAI), it implies that MCIINA affects MCIMY, MCIPhil, and MCIThai but not vice versa. Third, based on VECM suggest that all Islamic indexes are inter-related in the long run that can be explained due to the similarity of structure bring about by its stock as required by shariah in the process stock screening.
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Mozurkewich, David, Anders Jorgensen, and Gerard T. van Belle. "Coherent Integration in Astronomical Interferometry: Theory and Practice." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 08, no. 02 (2019): 1950005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171719500053.
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Ground-based long-baseline astronomical interferometry operates in a regime where short integration exposures are demanded by working in the presence of a turbulent atmosphere. To reduce piston noise to less than one radian per aperture, these exposure times are on order 10 milliseconds or less in the visible. It has long been recognized that, in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the visibility SNR is improved by co-adding frames, each rotated by an estimate of its phase. However, implementation of this technique is challenging. Where it is most needed, on low SNR baselines and when combining multiple phases to estimate the phase for a lower SNR baseline, phase errors reduce the amplitude by a large amount and in a way that has proven difficult to calibrate. In this paper, an improved coherent integration algorithm is presented. A parameterized model for the phase as a function of time and wavelength is fit to the entire data set. This framework is used to build a performance model which can be used in two ways. First, it can be used to test the algorithm; by comparing its performance to theory, one can test how well the parameter fitting has worked. Also, when designing future systems, this model provides a simple way to predict performance and compare it to alternative techniques such as hierarchical fringe tracking. This technique has been applied to both simulated and stellar data.
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Uhlig, Peter, Juergen Kassner, Carsten Guenner, and Elke Noack. "Microwave Filter Design Optimized for Ceramic Multilayer Technique." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, CICMT (2016): 000199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016cicmt-tha23.
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Abstract Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) is a proven packaging technology for microwave and millimetre-wave applications. Advanced low-loss material systems and improved manufacturing technology facilitate economic and highly reliable packaging solutions for automotive, telecom, medical and security applications. One of the virtues of LTCC is the option to integrate all kinds of components into the multilayer. Embedded passives include resistors, capacitors and inductors. Moving matching networks and filters into inner layers is further increasing density of integration. Microwave filters in LTCC can be used as an integral part of a larger package but also as single components mounted as drop-in or SMT. Ceramic multilayer technology allows for new filter concepts with three-dimensional routing and integration. Tolerances in material properties and manufacturing are challenges to be met with the design and production of microwave filters. Tape thickness, permittivity, shrinkage, registration of conductor pattern to via position, conductor width and thickness are some of the parameters that influence filter performance and reproducibility. This paper shall compare two different concepts for a 20 GHz band pass filter regarding their sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. An optimized filter design shows improved robustness against manufacturing tolerances. This concept particularly reduces the sensitivity to registration tolerances of conductors and ground vias. A filter synthesis and simulation which takes into account systematic and random manufacturing effects takes out some of the guesswork of filter design and fabrication. It will also reduce the trial and error loops traditionally involved with this part of microwave engineering.
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Abumunshar, Mohammed, Mehmet Aga, and Ahmed Samour. "Oil Price, Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emissions in Turkey. New Evidence from a Bootstrap ARDL Test." Energies 13, no. 21 (2020): 5588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215588.
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The main objective of this research was to test the effect of oil prices, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on Turkey’s carbon emissions by using three co-integration tests, namely, the newly-developed bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) testing technique as proposed by (McNown et al., 2018); the new approach involving the Bayer–Hanck (2013) combined co-integration test; and the H-J (2008) co-integration technique, which induces two dates of structural breaks. The autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) approaches were utilized to test the long-run interaction between the examined variables. The Granger causality (GC) analysis was utilized to investigate the direction of causality among the variables. The long-run coefficients of ARDL, DOLS, CCR, and FMOLS showed that the oil prices had a negative influence on CO2 emissions in Turkey in the long run. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that non-renewable energy, which includes oil, natural gas, and coal, increased CO2 emissions. In contrast, renewable energy can decrease the environmental pollution. These empirical findings can be attributed to the fact that Turkey is heavily dependent on imported oil; more than 50% of the energy requirement has been supplied by imports. Hence, oil price fluctuations have severe effects on the economic performance in Turkey, which in turn affects energy consumption and the level of carbon emissions. The study suggests that the rate of imported oil in Turkey must be decreased by finding more renewable energy sources for the energy supply formula to avoid any undesirable effects of oil price fluctuations on the CO2 emissions, and also to achieve sustainable development.
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Setianti, C., T. Ekowati, and A. Setiadi. "Market integration of fresh milk in dairy business area of Pamijahan District and Cisarua District, Bogor Regency - Indonesia." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 42, no. 1 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.42.1.42-47.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the integration between dairy commodity market in milk distribution channels at Dairy Business Area, Pamijahan District and Cisarua District, Bogor Regency, West Java. The research method used was a survey method. Simple random sampling was a sampling technique used in this research to determine the respondent. Purposive method was a method that was used to determine research location. Respondents were 80 dairy cattle farmers at Dairy Business Area, Pamijahan District and 90 dairy cattle farmers at Cisarua District. Research data were consisted of primary data and secondary data. The results showed that the co-integration test in dairy farmers Dairy Business Area, Pamijahan District-Cisarua District trace statistic value of 18.27 was greater than 5% critical value of 15.41. The co-integration test in dairy cooperative level the trace statistic value of 28.63 was greater than 1% critical value of 20.04. Granger causality test results indicated that the results werea causality relation in Dairy Business Area, Pamijahan District and Cisarua District. There was an effect of the increase of milk price between Dairy Business Area, Pamijahan District and Cisarua District in Dairy Processing Industry Level, that’s mean there was an integration between the milk price in Dairy Processing Industry level.
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Blake, Jay Peter, and Behrooz Gharleghi. "The Ripple Effect at an inter-suburban level in the Sydney Metropolitan area." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 1 (2018): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-05-2017-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the Ripple Effect of house prices at an inter-suburban level of analysis in the Sydney metropolitan area. By doing this, more practical information of price transmission can be provided to improve residential real estate purchasing decisions of market participants. Equity from residential real estate is a major component of household wealth and is frequently used to improve and upgrade homes. With the ever-increasing prices of real estate in Sydney making more efficient purchasing decisions can grow this wealth quicker allowing a household to obtain financial related goals at a quicker pace. Design/methodology/approach Using a two-stage sampling technique strings of adjoining suburbs from different Sydney regions were analysed using a combination of price graphs, Engle–Granger and Johansen co-integration techniques and Granger causality tests. Findings Pairwise co-integration was lacking throughout the various suburb strings, whereas multivariate co-integration was found in the lower priced areas further from the central business district, as these areas also experience less price volatility. The geographical location of suburbs therefore plays an important role in the ability to predict an individual suburb’s price movements. For a prominent Ripple Effect to exist at this level the best conditions would consist of a singular demand centre with restricted geographical space to which this demand can spread. Causal pathways were subsequently mapped for each suburb string identifying price transmission pathways and confirming support that while the standard Ripple Effect does not exist at an inter-suburban level, it is still possible to predict price movements by considering the price behaviour of surrounding suburbs. Originality/value This paper adds to the literature by examining the Ripple Effect across different suburbs in Sydney. This is done via an extensive search through the literature and analysing recent real estate data.
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Bertha Chinyere, Ori. "Capital Structure Effects on Corporate Finance Base Performance of Named Nigerian Based Banks." IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCE RESEARCH 9, no. 4 (2024): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijbfr.v9.no4.2023.pg139.158.
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Capital structure is critical and crucial for business organization. This study investigated capital structure effects on corporate finance base performance of named Nigerian based banks. The Ex- post facto research design was employed, with a study population consisting of twenty- two deposit money banks that were dully registered by CBN and were dully licensed to operate as at 2017. The purposive sampling technique was employed in choosing sample frame from 2006 to 2017 with four selected banks. The study concentrated on secondary data obtained from published finance base statements of sampled deposit money banks; generated from NSE fact books, official list of NSE, annual report and accounts of banks. For clarity sake, interest are; total assets, STD, LTD, shareholders’ funds, dividend value, market price and profit figure for each finance year from 2006-2017. Panel data structure from 2006 to 2017 which is twelve observations years as stated in annual reports and accounts of sampled banks was used and analyzed using Eview 9 statistical package, correlogram test, panel unit root, panel co-integration, error correction model, panel OLS method and panel granger casuality test. Econometric method used followed this step; First, test for panel unit root was conducted which is necessary because of presence of unit roots in used series, secondly, co-integration association between used proxies in long run was tested with panel co-integration test. Finally, conditional on co-integration, for such causal association between parameters was explored through employing Granger causality test. The result also showed that, all parameter shows negative coefficient indicating positive relationship and movement with criterion parameter with exception of short term debt and equity financing thus affecting proposed apriori expectation. It was concluded that, there is a strong positive links and connection between selected variables
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Nita, Mariana. "Desuggestopedia, the technique to overcome the linguistic barriers." EcoSoEn, no. 1 (February 2023): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/ecosoen.2023.1.11.
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Educational activity represents a "sine qua non" condition of the whole process of human being's development. Creating the conditions for a conscious learning means continuous research and a continuous seek of new methods, co-operation and self-evaluation. The monitoring of teaching-learning activities, the authentic integration of teaching materials, the achievement of tasks and the delimitation of responsibilities, the interests and the problems encountered during the teaching process require a review, a re-evaluation, and re-adaptation of the educational process. Redefining content and context, motivation, and postmodern teaching-learning methods represent the target of the basic concepts of success. Desuggestion can lead to stimulation, thus inspiration arises. Desuggestive-suggestive communicative psychotherapy is associated with competence achieved through the perceptions, interests, motivation, and intellectual student’s activities. This mixt, eclectical technique, becomes a pleasant experience for each of us. Different kinds of barriers can demotivate students, but with the help of an emotional and friendly atmosphere we can overcome all these obstacles. A well-organized psychological atmosphere leads to the conviction that there are no difficulties in learning a foreign language.
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Partovi, T., M. Dähne, M. Maboudi, D. Krueger, and M. Gerke. "AUTOMATIC INTEGRATION OF LASER SCANNING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT CLOUDS: FROM ACQUISITION TO CO-REGISTRATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-85-2021.
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Abstract. Laser scanning systems have been developed to capture very high-resolution 3D point clouds and consequently acquire the object geometry. This object measuring technique has a high capacity for being utilized in a wide variety of applications such as indoor and outdoor modelling. The Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is used as an important data capturing measurement system to provide high quality point cloud from industrial or built-up environments. However, the static nature of the TLS and complexity of the industrial sites necessitate employing a complementary data capturing system e.g. cameras to fill the gaps in the TLS point cloud caused by occlusions which is very common in complex industrial areas. Moreover, employing images provide better radiometric and edge information. This motivated a joint project to develop a system for automatic and robust co-registration of TLS data and images directly, especially for complex objects. In this paper, the proposed methods for various components of this project including gap detection from point cloud, calculation of initial image capturing configuration, user interface and support system for the image capturing procedures, and co-registration between TLS point cloud and photogrammetric point cloud are presented. The primarily results on a complex industrial environment are promising.
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Barile, Sergio, Mara Grimaldi, Francesca Loia, and Carlo Alessandro Sirianni. "Technology, Value Co-Creation and Innovation in Service Ecosystems: Toward Sustainable Co-Innovation." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072759.
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The work identifies the main enabling dimensions and the strategic drivers to foster value co-creation and sustainable innovation in service ecosystems. The aim is to explore how resource and knowledge integration, through technology-mediated interactions, can lead to the emergence of novelties (new products, services, processes, social, and environmental practices). Based on a re-elaboration of literature, the study introduces a framework that describes the main drivers for managing the emergence of value co-creation and innovation (co-design, co-development, co-delivery, co-learning) across the contexts of exchange of service ecosystems (micro, meso, and macro). A “meta”-level is conceptualized to investigate how management can harmonize an actor’s objectives with an ecosystem’s goal to encourage the diffusion and renewal of a sustainable and innovation-oriented culture. The empirical research applies the framework proposed in the theoretical section to a case study analysis on “Palm”, an Italian company that designs and produces wood packaging. The technique employed is qualitative content analysis. The findings permit conceptualization of the key strategic levers for the management of co-creation and to increase managers’ and scholars’ understanding of (1) the enablers of value co-creation and innovation; (2) the mechanisms leading to knowledge renewal and the continuous production of sustainable innovation.
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Opoku-Asante, Kofi, Collins Owusu Kwaning, Peter Arhenful, Jones Ntiamoah, and Gretel Asigbe-Tsriku. "The Relationship between Bank Deposits and Macroeconomic Variables in Ghana: A Co-Integration Approach." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 15, no. 1(J) (2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v15i1(j).3376.
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This study examined the linkages between macroeconomic variables and how those relationships affect the total deposits of Ghanaian banks. The macroeconomic variables included in this study were Inflation (I), Monetary Policy Rate (MPR), Gross International Reserve (GIR), Public Debt (PD), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GSE All share Index (GASI), Rate of change in Total Money Supply (M2+), deposits in the banking sector (TD). The study employed monthly data over the period (2015–2020); obtained from the Bank of Ghana monthly time series database. The data were analyzed using Gretl. The cointegration technique was employed in this study to gauge the long-term and short-term responsiveness of the connections. The ADF results indicated that the study variables were non-stationary. The econometric analysis suggested that the study variables, inflation (I), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Public Debt level (PD), and Total Deposits (TD) in banks operating in Ghana, exhibited a significant positive long-run cointegration relationship. This suggested that the identified variables play a crucial role in explaining the fluctuations in total deposit levels within the Ghanaian banking industry. Bank deposit is strongly exogenous and moves to restore equilibrium through several short-run partial adjustments in the short-run. Also, in the short-run, only the GSE All-share index (GASI) significantly influenced bank deposits, but not in the long-run. In the long run, the relationship was still positive but insignificant.
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Adegboyega, Bidemi S. "Inflation and Stock Returns: Implication for Nigerian Stock Exchange Market." AGOGO: Journal of Humanities 6 (February 15, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.46881/ajh.v6i0.231.
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Understanding various hypotheses often dictates the nexus between inflation and stock returns and over the years studies have failed to establish which among these hypotheses are examined in Nigeria. Therefore, this present study examines the long-run relationships and dynamic interactions between stock returns and inflation in Nigeria using quarterly data of the All Share Price Index from the Nigerian Stock Exchange and Inflation rate together with other selected macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, exchange rate and growth in real GDP from 1985Q1 to 2018Q4. The analytical technique of Vector Error Correction Model, Johansen Co-integration technique and Granger Causality test were exploited. From the results, it is evident there exists a long run relationship between stock returns and inflation in Nigeria. The short run dynamic model also revealed that the speed of convergence to equilibrium is moderate implying that there is a short run relationship between stock returns and inflation. However, in order to establish the causal links and its directions between inflation rate and stock returns, the Johansen co-integration shows that there exist a unidirectional relationship between stock return and inflation rate. This is attributable perhaps to the instability of prices of stocks noticed over time and also the study supported the Proxy hypothesis. Based on the above, it is a perfect avenue for investors to use in an attempt to hedge against inflation.
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Al-Dahoud, Ahmed, Mohamed Fezari, and Ali AL-Dahoud. "Embedding More Autonomous Safety in MCUs-Based Embedded Systems using Project-Based Learning (case study)." International Journal of Education and Information Technologies 18 (June 12, 2024): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9109.2024.18.6.
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In this research, we present a new technique for learning embedded systems design (ES) that integrates Project-Based Learning (PBL) with conventional face-to-face learning. The PBL course uses a project-based learning approach which offers insights for effective safety feature implementation, concentrates on ES or IoT applications and highlights security in the developed system. This is achieved by using Safety co-processors and Microcontrollers which are secure and cost-effective. Furthermore, the study highlights the key safety modules suitable for integration into MCUs. Additionally, we propose implementing a functional safety layer including a safety co-processor equipped with trusted input/output controllers that contribute to identifying potential failures and increase the system fault tolerance.
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Roosen, Andreas. "3-D Structures via Tape Casting and Lamination." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.397.
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Miniaturisation and multi-functionality are the driving forces in the field of many technical market segments. Ceramic multilayer technology via tape casting and lamination is one of the key technologies to generate complex, highly integrated devices for future applications. The technique offers a tremendous potential for the integration of different materials combined with the possibility to form complex 3-D structures by layered object manufacturing. The ceramic multilayer technology is based on shaping, screen-printing and stacking of individual ceramic green tapes, which are laminated and co-fired. The tapes can offer ferroelectric, piezoelectric and magnetic behaviour, insulating and semi-conducting properties, voltage-, temperature- and atmosphere-dependent resistances, high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, or bio inert behaviour. For the integration of additional features like reactors or sensors, the described layered manufacturing method allows to introduce simultaneously microchannels and other cavities. - New developments in processing and in materials concepts are addressed to overcome limitations and to take maximum advantage of this technique. The technique is illustrated considering e.g. microwave circulators for communication, sensors for automotive applications, and piezoelectric actuators as examples, which demonstrate the potential of the technology for the manufacture of highly integrated multifunctional systems.
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Huang, Xin Wu, Ji Cheng Zhou, Zhi Bai Xie, Jing Jing Liao, and Si Wei Liu. "Preparation of Nanosized Spinel Lithium Manganate by an Integrated Technique of High-Gravity Technology and Microwave Technology." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.109.
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A novel synthesis of nanosized spinel LiMn2O4cathode has been developed by a combination of high-gravity technology and microwave technology. Spinel lithium manganate precursor were prepared by co-precipitation method in a rotating bed with helix channels (RBHC). Calcination of the precursor in the microwave field produces uniformly sized, nanoparticles of spinel LiMn2O4as the final product. The phase structures and morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transform electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that nanosized spinel LiMn2O4powders with high crystallinity, uniform particle size, and the average size of about 60 nm can be synthesized by the integration of high-gravity technology and microwave technology.
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Ibrahim, Mansor H., and Syed Aun R. Rizvi. "Emissions and trade in Southeast and East Asian countries: a panel co-integration analysis." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 7, no. 4 (2015): 460–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-11-2013-0131.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implication of trade on carbon emissions in a panel of eight highly trading Southeast and East Asian countries, namely, China, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Hong Kong, The Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis relies on the standard quadratic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) extended to include energy consumption and international trade. A battery of panel unit root and co-integration tests is applied to establish the variables’ stochastic properties and their long-run relations. Then, the specified EKC is estimated using the panel dynamic ordinary least square (OLS) estimation technique. Findings – The panel co-integration statistics verifies the validity of the extended EKC for the countries under study. Estimation of the long-run EKC via the dynamic OLS estimation method reveals the environmentally degrading effects of trade in these countries, especially in ASEAN and plus South Korea and Hong Kong. Practical implications – These countries are heavily dependent on trade for their development processes, and as such, their impacts on CO2 emissions would be highly relevant for assessing their trade policies, along the line of the gain-from-trade hypothesis, the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and the pollution-safe-haven hypothesis. Originality/value – The analysis adds to existing literature by focusing on the highly trading nations of Southeast and East Asian countries. The results suggest that reassessment of trade policies in these countries is much needed and it must go beyond the sole pursuit of economic development via trade.