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Blasco-Arcas, Lorena, Blanca Hernandez-Ortega, and Julio Jimenez-Martinez. "The online purchase as a context for co-creating experiences. Drivers of and consequences for customer behavior." Internet Research 24, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-02-2013-0023.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the concept of engagement platforms and the theories of co-creation of value to analyze the purchase as a context for customers to co-create their own experiences. Specifically, the paper proposes that including online cues related to Customer to customer (C2C) interactions and coproduction in the engagement platform determines customer co-creation experiences. Moreover, the paper tests for the relationship between the co-creation experience and customer's purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach – An online platform was designed and a purchase situation was simulated, in which the participants were asked to buy a pair of sneakers. To make the experience more realistic, participants could navigate and undertake activities related to the available cues, thus obtaining a direct experience of the possibilities of the platform. Structural equation modeling analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings – The results confirm the importance of including cues related to C2C interactions and coproduction in order to increase co-creation experience possibilities for the customer during the online purchase. Moreover, if customers perceive that they are co-creating the experience, their purchase intentions increase. Practical implications – This paper addresses the importance of virtual engagement platforms as touch points for interaction and the importance of their characteristics for facilitating co-creation. These platforms provide customers with cues that promote their participation, the establishment of collaborative relationships and the co-creation of the purchase experience. Originality/value – There is a growing interest in understanding how customers interact with firms to co-create experiences and in the influence of IT-related service in this process. Nevertheless, to date, the online purchase experience as a co-creation context has not been fully investigated.
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Bai, Yang. "How Does Co-Creation Affect Customer’s Purchase Intention?" Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 03, no. 01 (March 2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424862218500057.
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In a conventional view, customers just purchase the goods or services created by companies. But the role of customers has changed. Now customers are seeking to practice their influence in every part of the business system as a co-creator. What is co-creation? Is it like customization? The answer is yes and no. The difference between co-creation and customization depends on the degree of involvement of the customer in the business. Generally, the customer plays a much more active role in co-creation than customization. Co-creation refers to almost every part of a business, but customization is restricted to the end stage of production. Co-creation can happen in the process of sales support, which can ultimately improve sales performance. This paper illustrates the relationships among co-creation, sales support and sales performance, and designs an experiment to test.
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Liu, Yaqin, and Xinxing Luo. "Customer Value Co-Creation Behavior Effects on Online Purchase Intention." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 23, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2019.p0253.
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Prior marketing literature highlights the customer value co-creation behavior on offline business. This paper focuses on investigating the effects of customer value co-creation behavior on the online purchase intention. Further, the hypothesis is tested via adopting the structural equation model method. The research shows that under the online shopping environment, the behaviors of customer participation and citizenship behavior have significant positive impacts on purchase intention and can be the direct antecedents of purchase intention. Compared with customer participation behavior, customer citizenship behavior has greater impacts on purchase intentions. The analysis outcome of the study has remarkable importance on improving the sales of online retailers.
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., Widiawaty. "PENGARUH BRAND FAMILIARITY TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION MELALUI BRAND FIT PADA HOTEL MULIA JAKARTA." Jurnal Manajemen dan Pemasaran Jasa 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v8i2.1597.
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<p>The purpose this paper is to examine the effects of Brand familiarity and Brand Fit on Purchase Intention towards the offerings of co branded hotels. The findings showed that the fit between cobrands mediate the relationship between Brand familiarity and Purchase Intention. In particular, a well-known co-branded hotel a high level of Brand Fit could directly or indirectly affect consumer decision-making processes regarding Purchase Intention towards the co-brand. conversely, a less familiar co-branded hotel had positive effect on Purchase Intention only if respondents perceived a good fit between allied brands. Brand Fit could be a more important factor than Brand familiarity in influencing the success of hotel co-branding strategis. future research to examinate the co-branding concept in different social and cultural contexts and also from different perspectives, such as owners or manager is recommended. Most hospitality studies focus on co-branding between hotels and restaurant. This study empirically investigated the effects co-branding on consumer behavior in the hotel sector.</p>
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Suryaningsih, Ika Barokah. "Co-shopper and price moderation in the influence of tourist ethnocentrism and brand images on purchase intention." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 12, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v12n2.p124-139.
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Purchase intention provides a motivational effect that always recorded in the consumer mind and influential to their consumption behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of co-shopper and price as moderating variables in the relationship between tourist ethnocentrism and brand image on purchase intention. The population in this study were local tourists who visited Banyuwangi and Osing t-shirt stores. The sampling technique was an accidental sampling that collected data from 100 respondents. The analytical method was Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that tourist ethnocentrism and brand image have a positive effect on purchase intention. The influence of tourist ethnocentrism and brand image on purchase intention is stronger when it moderated by the co-shopper variable. Conversely, the influence of tourist ethnocentrism and brand image on purchase intention was statistically not significantly moderated by price.
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Seifert, Christin, and Wi-Suk Kwon. "SNS eWOM sentiment: impacts on brand value co-creation and trust." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 38, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-11-2018-0533.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the sentiment of social networking site (SNS)-based brand-related electronic word-of-mouths (eWOMs) influences consumers’ engagement in brand value co-creation and brand trust change, thereby influencing their purchase intention for the brand; and explores a potential moderating effect of mavenism. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 237 college students participated in an online survey to report brand-related eWOM stories to which they were exposed and the brand trust change, brand value co-creation behavior and attitude and purchase intention in response to this exposure. The eWOM stories were content analyzed into positive vs negative eWOM. Structural equation modeling was used to test all hypotheses. Findings Participants reported a significantly higher level of brand value co-creation engagement behavior and more positive brand value co-creation engagement attitude and brand trust change after seeing a positive (vs negative) brand-related eWOM on SNSs. Brand trust change and value co-creation engagement attitude positively influenced purchase intention. The moderating effect of mavenism was not significant. Practical implications Findings suggest that brand marketers should actively monitor and respond to the sentiment of SNS-based eWOMs and establish strategies to encourage consumers to create and share positive eWOMs on SNSs. Originality/value This study contributes to closing the empirical gap in SNS-based eWOM research by providing support for brand-related eWOM sentiment as a significant motivational factor triggering consumers’ engagement in brand value co-creation and brand trust change on SNSs as well as purchase intention.
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이형구. "Co-Owner's Preferential Purchase Right Under The Civil Execution Act." Lawyers Association Journal 56, no. 1 (January 2007): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17007/klaj.2007.56.1.005.
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Alimamy, Saifeddin, Juergen Gnoth, and Kenneth Richard Deans. "The Impact of Co-Creating Through AR in Retail Stores on Purchase Intentions." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 17, no. 3 (July 2021): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2021070102.
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With the broad diffusion of technology in the past few decades, there has been a shift in power from sellers to buyers. Marketers can no longer offer a product to the customer without considering their input in the development, customisation, and personalisation of the product. Innovative companies are learning how to co-create with their customers in order to understand what they want and how they want it. In this paper, the authors examine the role of augmented reality (AR) technology in co-creation and the effect it has on customer perceived risk, trust and purchase intent. A 2x2x2 factorial experimental design was used and followed up with an attitudinal survey measuring perceived risk, trust, and purchase intent. The results show that AR reduces perceived risk, increases perceived trust and purchase intent, thus providing evidence that AR may be more than just a novelty technology in today's evolving business environment.
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Choi, Youngtae, Michael W. Kroff, and Junga Kim. "Developing brand advocacy through brand activities on Facebook." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2019-3460.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how brands’ social media activities (credible content delivery, co-creation and responsiveness) impact brand advocacy. The paper also examines the influence of brand advocacy on purchase intentions of brand advocates and the moderating effect of the amount of time spent on Facebook on the relationship between brand advocacy and purchase intentions. Finally, the moderating effect of brand type (goods vs services) on the relationship between brands’ activities and brand advocacy is explored. Design/methodology/approach US adults who use Facebook as their primary social media platform participated in a survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The three brand activities are positively related to users’ advocacy of brands toward other users. Brand advocacy also positively influences purchase intentions of brand advocates. The amount of time spent on Facebook moderates the relationship between brand advocacy and purchase intentions. The brand type moderates the relationship between co-creation and brand advocacy. Originality/value This study differs from the existing research, which has typically used a user-oriented perspective (e.g. impact of user motivations) to explain brand advocacy and has not considered the outcome of brand advocacy on the brand advocates’ purchase intentions.
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Ceyhan, Ayben. "The Impact of Perception Related Social Media Marketing Applications on Consumers’ Brand Loyalty and Purchase Intention." EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 9, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2019.173.
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Social media offers a social interaction environment where consumers have the opportunity to communicate with brands, exchange ideas with other users, produce content and influence the masses. Brands also create various social media marketing applications by turning these opportunities in their favor. In this study, it was aimed to measure the effect of consumer perception on marketing applications of brands on Instagram pages and their impact on brand loyalty as well as purchase intention. In this context, the research model developed was tested on Beykent University students. Data obtained by the survey method were analyzed using SPSS and Amos package programs. According to research findings, the functional value, hedonic value and self-brand image congruency perceptions towards the Instagram page of the brand in question positively affected the purchase intention, whereas the social value and co-creation perceptions did not have a significant effect on purchase intention. The functional value, social value and self-brand image congruency perceptions towards the Instagram page of the brand in question positively affected brand loyalty, whereas the hedonic value and co-creation value perceptions were found to be unrelated to brand loyalty. Furthermore, it was observed that brand loyalty mediates the whole effect of the functional value and co-creation perceptions towards the Instagram page of the brand in question on purchase intention.
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Rachmadi, Kartika Rose. "PENGARUH VLOGGER REVIEW SEBAGAI CELEBRITY ENDORSER TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION DENGAN BRAND IMAGE SEBAGAI INTERVENING VARIABEL PADA PRODUK KOSMETIK DAN PERAWATAN WAJAH." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIMMU) 3, no. 2 (May 5, 2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/manajemen.v3i2.1580.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh variabel vlogger review, brand image dan purchase intention pada produk kosmetik dan perawatan wajah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik path analysis.Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden dengan menggunakan teknik codalam pengambilan sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan vlogger review terhadap brand image, brand image terhadap purchase intention, vlogger review terhadap purchase intention. Untuk brand image sebagai intervening variabel menunjukkan bahwa brand image tidak memediasi dan berpengaruh tidak signifikan saat menjadi intervening variabel pada variabel vlogger review terhadap purchase intention. Kata kunci : Vlogger Review, Celebrity Endorser, Purchase Intention, BrandImage Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of vlogger review, brand image and purchase intention variables on cosmetic products and face treatment. This research uses quantitative approach method with path analysis technique. The sample used in this study amounted to 100 respondents by using co technique in sampling. The results of this study indicate a significant influence vlogger review of brand image, brand image to purchase intention, vlogger review of purchase intention. For brand image as intervening variable indicates that brand image doesn’t mediate and have insignificant effect as variable intervening variable vlogger review to purchase intention.Keyword : Vlogger Review, Celebrity Endorser, Purchase Intention, Brand Image
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Chen, Yen-Liang, Chia-Ling Chang, and An-Qiao Sung. "Predicting eWOM’s Influence on Purchase Intention Based on Helpfulness, Credibility, Information Quality and Professionalism." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137486.
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Product reviews co-written by many Internet reviewers can help consumers make purchase decisions and provide a basis for companies to improve their business strategies. For the company, the most important thing is to understand how the various factors of reviews influence the purchase intention. Therefore, we took this issue as the core and investigated the influence of eWOM on purchase intention based on helpfulness, credibility, information quality and professionalism. We adopted feature filtering algorithms and proposed an ensemble model to integrate these classification results to obtain the most accurate prediction. The empirical evaluation shows that the models based on the four importan aspects of reviews can effectively predict the degree of impact of reviews on purchase intention.
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Thornhill, Mike, Karen Xie, and Young Jin Lee. "Social media advertising in a competitive market." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-10-2016-0068.
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Purpose Previous literature has discussed the importance of two types of social media exposures: owned social media (OSM) exposures generated by service providers and earned social media (ESM) exposures initiated by consumers. This study aims to examine the relative effects of owned and ESM exposures on brand purchase, as well as their advertising externality to competing brands. Rooted in theory of planned behavior and advertising externality literature, this study hypothesizes that owned and ESM exposures positively influence brand purchase. Such effects, however, can spill over to competing brands that invest in social media marketing and co-exist in the market. Design/methodology/approach This study collects brand purchase records and social media messages on the Facebook brand pages of a group of service providers over 12 months. The data are assembled for time series analysis with the unit of analysis being “brand × bi-week”. Findings Using a blend of fixed-effects models and seemingly unrelated regressions, this study finds that both owned and ESM exposures positively affect brand purchase, the purchase effect of OSM exposures is greater than ESM exposures, OSM exposures generate not only more purchase of the focal brand but also positive advertising externality to competing brands, whereas ESM exposures locks up the advertising effect to the focal brand without spilling over to competing brands. Originality/value This study advances the understanding about the externality of social media exposures in an increasingly competitive market where multiple brands invest in social media marketing and co-exist. Important implications on the strategic use of social media exposures to drive brand purchase while competing with similar brands are provided.
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Kennedy, Eric. "I create, you create, we all create – for whom?" Journal of Product & Brand Management 26, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-01-2016-1078.
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Purpose This research aims to propose that prompted co-creation from a brand to a consumer will increase the value of the consumer to the brand through an increase in brand commitment and purchase intention. Additionally, the study compares the differences of a social media post made by a brand and a social media post made by a celebrity who is endorsing the brand. Design/methodology/approach Two studies were developed. First, a 2 × 2 between-subjects’ experimental design analyzes the effects of prompted and non-prompted co-creation posts by a fictitious brand and celebrity. Study 2 looks to confirm the results of Study 1 using a 2 × 2 between-subjects’ experimental design with a real brand and celebrity for the social media post. Co-creation, brand commitment and purchase intention are the dependent variables in both studies. Findings The studies reveal that a prompted co-creation post – which is a post explicitly asking for consumer feedback – from a brand can increase brand commitment and purchase intention from consumers. Also, the study reveals that, when compared to a celebrity-endorsed message, a branded message shows an increase in brand commitment and purchase intention. The results support the general notion of attribution theory. Research limitations/implications First, the study focused exclusively on millennial consumers. While this group has significant purchasing power, testing the effects of co-creation messages on a more generalizable sample is warranted. Next, the survey takes place in an online social media setting. With the power of social media and e-commerce, this channel is certainly important to study. Practical implications The results of this study bring the co-creation literature into a new area of research. Extending attachment theory and attribution theory into co-creation creates numerous opportunities to further grow the knowledge of the co-creation phenomena. The findings provide insight into the power that a prompted co-creation message can have on a consumer, either from a brand or celebrity endorser source. Practitioners can place a value on prompted and non-prompted co-creation messages originating with a brand. In addition, the research will give practitioners insight into how messages of co-creation are received by millennial consumers. Originality/value This research is the first of its kind for co-creation literature. No research to date examines the effect that a brand or celebrity-endorsed co-creation prompt has on the behavior of millennial consumers. Very little, if any, empirical research has been conducted on the co-creation of brand.
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Lively, Kathryn, Oluborode Babawale, David M. Thompson, Amanda S. Morris, Jennifer L. Harris, Susan B. Sisson, Marshall K. Cheney, and Karina R. Lora. "Mothers’ self-reported grocery shopping behaviours with their 2- to 7-year-old children: relationship between feeding practices and mothers’ willingness to purchase child-requested nutrient-poor, marketed foods, and fruits and vegetables." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 18 (September 7, 2017): 3343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002142.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess relationships between mothers’ feeding practices (food as a reward, food for emotion regulation, modelling of healthy eating) and mothers’ willingness to purchase child-marketed foods and fruits/vegetables (F&V) requested by their children during grocery co-shopping.DesignCross-sectional. Mothers completed an online survey that included questions about feeding practices and willingness (i.e. intentions) to purchase child-requested foods during grocery co-shopping. Feeding practices scores were dichotomized at the median. Foods were grouped as nutrient-poor or nutrient-dense (F&V) based on national nutrition guidelines. Regression models compared mothers with above-the-median v. at-or-below-the-median feeding practices scores on their willingness to purchase child-requested food groupings, adjusting for demographic covariates.SettingParticipants completed an online survey generated at a public university in the USA.SubjectsMothers (n 318) of 2- to 7-year-old children.ResultsMothers who scored above-the-median on using food as a reward were more willing to purchase nutrient-poor foods (β=0·60, P<0·0001), mothers who scored above-the-median on use of food for emotion regulation were more willing to purchase nutrient-poor foods (β=0·29, P<0·0031) and mothers who scored above-the-median on modelling of healthy eating were more willing to purchase nutrient-dense foods (β=0·22, P<0·001) than were mothers with at-or-below-the-median scores, adjusting for demographic covariates.ConclusionsMothers who reported using food to control children’s behaviour were more willing to purchase child-requested, nutrient-poor foods. Parental feeding practices may facilitate or limit children’s foods requested in grocery stores. Parent–child food consumer behaviours should be investigated as a route that may contribute to children’s eating patterns.
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Huertas-García, Rubén, Jorge Lengler, and Carolina Consolación-Segura. "Co-branding strategy in cause-related advertising: the fit between brand and cause." Journal of Product & Brand Management 26, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-07-2015-0939.
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Purpose Companies are increasingly incorporating support for social causes in advertising to improve brand image and increase sales, but it is unclear how these behaviours influence purchase intentions. This paper aims to analyse this relationship from a strategic perspective to assess whether the degree of fit of any of the five strategic dimensions that Zdravkovic et al. (2010) propose influence purchase intentions synergistically. Design/methodology/approach This study includes two stages: a qualitative stage to build brand–cause relationships and a quantitative study of one of these relationships to examine which fit dimensions are involved and whether they generate synergy in purchase intentions. Findings Results demonstrate that adjustment to two of the five dimensions is sufficient to influence emotional responses positively. Research limitations/implications This study presents limitations, as it has been developed using a particular sample of university students. Practical implications These analyses provide tools for managers to verify which types of strategic fit operate in this relationship and facilitate co-branding planning to achieve financial goals. Originality/value The analysis provides tools for managers to verify which types of strategic fit operate in this relationship and facilitate co-branding planning to achieve financial goals.
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Tang, Chenghui, Yu Xu, Jianliang Fang, Wei Jiang, and Fan Zhang. "Power purchase optimization strategy of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., LTD." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 508 (July 1, 2020): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/508/1/012028.
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Lee, Soojin, Woo Gon Kim, and Hyun Jeong Kim. "The impact of co-branding on post-purchase behaviors in family restaurants." International Journal of Hospitality Management 25, no. 2 (June 2006): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2005.04.008.
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Grasseni, Cristina. "Seeds of Trust. Italy's Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale (Solidarity Purchase Groups)." Journal of Political Ecology 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v21i1.21131.
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This article presents a case study of the solidarity economy in Italy: the Italian G.A.S. – Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale, which I translate as Solidarity Purchase Groups. GAS are often conceptualized as "alternative food networks". Beyond this categorization, I highlight their novelty in relational, political, and ecological terms, with respect to their capacity to forge new partnerships between consumers and producers. Introducing an ethnographic study that I have developed in a recent monograph (Grasseni 2013), I dwell here in particular on how the solidarity economy is embedded in practice. I argue that gasistas' provisioning activism is something different to mere "ethical consumerism." Activists use the notion of "co-production" to describe their engagement as a concurrent rethinking of the social, economic, and ecological aspects of provisioning. Building also on a quantitative survey of the GAS movement in northern Italy, I pursue an ethnographic understanding of "co-production." I argue that producers and consumers in GAS networks "co-produce" both economic value and ecological knowledge, while re-embedding their provisioning practice in mutuality and relationality.Keywords: Solidarity economy, solidarity purchase groups, Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale, alternative food networks, provisioning, co-production, Gibson-Graham, Italy.
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Paulssen, Marcel, Johanna Brunneder, and Angela Sommerfeld. "Customer in-role and extra-role behaviours in a retail setting." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 2501–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2017-0417.
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Purpose Prior research does not provide a clear picture of how managers can effectively manage customer in-role and extra-role behaviours in a retail setting. This study aims to test the differential impact of the two main customer relationship predictor paths – identity-based and satisfaction-based paths – on customer in-role and extra-role behaviours. Design/methodology/approach A random sample of 500 customers from the flagship store of an up-market, international department store chain participated in a written survey. Purchase spending data for each customer was obtained from the retailer’s loyalty card database. Findings The two studied predictor paths possess a differential impact on customer extra-role behaviours. Civic virtue and co-creation behaviours are exclusively driven by the identity-based path, whereas sportsmanship is driven solely by the satisfaction-based path. Moreover, the identity-based path impacts purchase behaviour only when symbolic purchase motivation is high. Overall satisfaction has no impact on purchase behaviour. Research limitations/implications In some retailing contexts, extra-role behaviours such as co-creation or civic virtue might simply be irrelevant (e.g. discount chains). Practical implications Managers, who have the intention to stimulate customers to give constructive feedback on products or services, or to involve them in co-creation activities, are well advised to also invest in identity-based path activities. Originality/value This study is the first to empirically test the effects of customer identification and overall customer satisfaction on the various dimensions of customer in-role and extra-role behaviours. Customer extra-role behaviours should not be conceptualised as one global construct but should comprise distinct dimensions of discretionary behaviours that have different antecedents.
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Rehmat, Fozia, Tanzeela Farsam, Muhammad Shabbir Ahmad, and Syed Irfan Naqvi. "Consumer Purchase Intentions Affected by Cause-Related-Marketing, Skepticism and Brand Loyalty: A Correlational Analysis." Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business 2, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sijmb.v2i1.87.
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Cause-Related-Marketing is an emerging strategy which is used to affect purchase intentions of a customer in a very positive way. Purchase intentions may braced by the brand loyalty which can be an outcome of the cause related efforts of marketing. But most of the companies ignore its impact towards skepticism. In this co-relational research, relationship between Cause Related Marketing and purchase intentions have been measured, whereas brand loyalty and skepticism played their role as intervening variables and their effect and nature of relationships are also being measured in this research. Data was gathered from different universities and organizations. Statistical analysis showed a positive relation between Cause Related Marketing, skepticism and brand loyalty. Further impact of both of these Intervening variables was administered on purchase intentions and it demonstrated that relationship between skepticism and purchase intentions was negative and very strong as compared to the positive correlation of brand loyalty and purchase intentions. Regression analysis also revealed very important information. In this research future research directions have also been discussed. This work is significant as achieved results can be helpful for the companies and theoretically it’s important as this research filled a gap by studying the important variables together which have been subjects to much of discussion in Pakistan.
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Wu, D. Gloria, and Laurence Chalip. "Effects of co-branding on consumers' purchase intention and evaluation of apparel attributes." Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science 24, no. 1 (November 25, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2013.852910.
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Choi, Eunha, Eunju Ko, and Angella J. Kim. "Explaining and predicting purchase intentions following luxury-fashion brand value co-creation encounters." Journal of Business Research 69, no. 12 (December 2016): 5827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.180.
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Wu, Ben, and Wan Yang. "What do Chinese consumers want? A value framework for luxury hotels in China." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 4 (April 9, 2018): 2037–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2016-0466.
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Purpose In the past decade, the luxury hotel industry in China has experienced rapid growth. To date, few scholars have investigated what consumers value about their experiences in luxury hotels generally, let alone specifically in the Chinese context. As a result, little is known about what Chinese consumers value in luxury hotel services. To bridge this gap, this paper aims to (1) develop a five-factor luxury hotel value framework from a value co-creation perspective; and (2) assess the relationship between these value dimensions and Chinese consumers’ intentions to stay in luxury hotels. Design/methodology/approach In total, 492 Chinese luxury hotels consumers participated in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the proposed measurement model, and a hierarchical linear regression was used to test the relationship between luxury hotel value and purchase intentions. Findings The authors assessed five dimensions of luxury hotel value in the current study: utilitarian value, symbolic value, hedonic value, relational value and financial value. The regression results indicate that for Chinese luxury consumers, hedonic value is the most important predictor of luxury hotel purchase intentions, followed by financial value and utilitarian value. Interestingly, symbolic value and relational value do not significantly influence Chinese consumers’ luxury hotel purchase intentions. Practical implications Luxury hoteliers in China can use the value framework when making decisions about market segmentation and brand positioning and to gain a deeper understanding of what motivates target consumers’ purchase intentions. They can also use such knowledge to tailor their product offerings to the preferences of target consumers. Originality/value The current study is the first empirical test of a luxury hotel value framework from a value co-creation perspective in the Chinese market. Taking Chinese luxury consumers’ unique characteristics into consideration, the authors further investigate the relationships between various dimensions of luxury hotel value and Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions.
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Tao, Na. "The Research on the Product Humanization Model Based on the Evolution of Consumer Purchase Pat." Journal of Innovation and Social Science Research 8, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jissr.2021.08(07).37.
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Digital economy gives new connotation to business model. In the process of business model changing from vertical to horizontal, from exclusive to inclusive, and from individual to social, the central activity of enterprise marketing should be transferred to how to actively interact with consumers, so that consumers can more participate in the process of enterprise marketing value creation. This paper focuses on the model of consumers’ participation in marketing value creation. Firstly, this paper studies the basic model of consumer purchase path evolution, and proposes 5A +1D model based on the basic model. Then, based on the 5A+1D model, an important carrier for consumers to participate in the value creation of marketing is proposed: the product humanization model. Secondly, the paper analyzes the ideal migration mode of consumer purchase path under humanistic products: “W” model, which finally reaches the balance at both ends of 5A+1D model. Under the ecological background of open innovation, this paper extends the chain of consumers’ purchase path and realizes the co-creation of consumers and enterprises’ value, and designs a human-oriented product model based on the chain of consumers’ extended purchase path. The W model achieves the balance between the beginning and the end of the consumer purchase path model, which provides a theoretical basis for the intervention points of enterprises on the overall consumers’ purchase path.
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Tolley, D. L., and G. J. Fowler. "Commercial Arrangements for Co-Generation in the UK and USA." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 201, no. 4 (November 1987): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_033_02.
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This paper examines the impact of the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) in the United States and the Energy Act 1983 in the United Kingdom on the nature of the purchase tariffs for co-generators and combined heat and power (CHP) plant, and considers the reasons why the prospects for investment by private generators might be enhanced in the United States.
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Kennedy, Eric, and Francisco Guzmán. "When perceived ability to influence plays a role: brand co-creation in Web 2.0." Journal of Product & Brand Management 26, no. 4 (July 17, 2017): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-04-2016-1137.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of Millennials’ perceived ability to influence a brand and how this perception about the brand impacts the consumers’ desire to engage in co-creation. Additionally, the paper examines the effects of perceived influence on attitude toward the ad and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach Two studies were developed. In the first study, Millennial consumers identify technology brands they feel they are able to influence and not able to influence. Using the results from Study 1, Study 2, a 2 × 2 between subjects factorial design, is used to test the impact that perceived brand influence has on co-creation, attitude toward the ad and purchase intention. Findings The results of this paper offer new insight into consumer co-creation. Instead of co-creation being a constant that a brand can rely on, managers must now consider the attributions that consumers have about the brand. If a brand is perceived as being unable to be influenced, then not only will consumers not engage in co-creation but attitude toward that ad and purchase intention will also decrease. Research limitations/implications This paper focuses exclusively on Millennial consumers. While this segment of the population is large and important, validating the results with a national generalizable sample could shed additional insight into the power of the ability to influence on co-creation. The survey was created to mimic an online social media platform that a consumer interacts with on a regular basis. To further verify the test results, additional platforms for co-creation, including company websites and retail settings, could be tested. Practical implications If a brand wishes to engage Millennial consumers with active co-creation, then the perception of the brand is important for success. Brand managers must create a perception of the brand that is open to engagement with consumers – which allows for consumers to give input and help to shape the brand. Consumers should become comfortable with the idea of the brand asking for, accepting and implementing feedback from customers. Originality/value This paper is the first of its kind to combine attribution theory, theory of reasoned action and co-creation to measure the perceptions that consumers have about a brand. The results of this paper provide valuable insight to the limits and conditions in which co-creation will occur.
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Riznal, Boy, and Syafrizal --. "THE EFFECT OF CO-BRANDING STRATEGY, BRAND EQUITY ON PURCHASE INTENTION THROUGH BRAND PREFERENCE." Makro: Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36467/makro.2020.05.01.02.
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Ashton, Ann Suwaree, and Noel Scott. "Hotel restaurant co-branding: The relationship of perceived brand fit with intention to purchase." Journal of Vacation Marketing 17, no. 4 (October 2011): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766711420838.
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Oboulhas, Tsahat, Xiaofei Xu, and Dechen Zhan. "Multi‐plant purchase co‐ordination based on multi‐agent system in an ATO environment." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 16, no. 6 (September 2005): 654–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410380510609492.
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Putlia, Grace. "The Purchase Intention and Brand Equity in Co-Branding Indomie Rasa Chitato Sapi Panggang." Jurnal Manajemen Strategi dan Aplikasi Bisnis 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36407/jmsab.v3i2.182.
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Food producers have a new challenge in this era, where producers are challenged to be able to offer a variety of products if they still want to exist in the midst of fierce competition. The phenomenon also seems clear that many brands collaborate and then launch new products. One of them is that some time ago Indofood released its Indomie Hype Abis Goreng Rasa Chitato Sapi Panggang.Qualitative research with case study design gets answers to existing research problems after successfully conducting data processing from 27 informants who meet the criteria. The answer to research issue 1 is that Indomie's purchase intention and brand equity Indomie rasa Chitato Sapi Panggang resulting from co-branding is very good from the viewpoint of the community. Also answered research problem 2 is that the co-branding of the two well-known brands can be a guarantee of new products that are sure to succeed in the market. The difference lies in the reason, namely: succeed in the market for a long period of time or just a trend, because a new thing will always attract attention either through purchase intention or brand equity. But the survival time in the market must not be spared.
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Baghi, Ilaria, and Veronica Gabrielli. "Brand prominence in cause-related marketing: luxury versus non-luxury." Journal of Product & Brand Management 27, no. 6 (September 17, 2018): 716–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-07-2017-1512.
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Purpose Past research on cause-related marketing (CRM) suggests that these socially beneficial initiatives can be implemented as co-branding strategies. Little is known, however, about the role of brand prominence, in terms of visual conspicuousness of the two brands that are partner-involved (for-profit and non-profit brands). This study aims to advance a model of moderated mediation that explains how and under what circumstances brand prominence disparity enhances consumers’ attitudes toward CRM co-branded products and increases purchase intention Design/methodology/approach The authors test a model of moderated mediation in two studies. Study 1 shows that the effectiveness of brand prominence disparity is explained by the mediating role of attitude toward a CRM co-branded product. Study 2 demonstrates that this mediation is moderated by the positioning of the for-profit brand partner (luxury vs non-luxury positioning). Findings Results show that brand prominence disparity has a role in defining consumers’ purchase intention toward a CRM co-branded product through mediation of attitude. Moreover, positioning of the for-profit brand partner moderates the cognitive processes activated by the visual brand prominence. In luxury positioning, a loud visual prominence of the for-profit brand significantly improves consumers’ attitudes and intentions to buy the CRM co-branded product. Originality/value The study extends our understanding of how visual brand presence can promote the effectiveness of co-branded CRM initiatives, and it offers practical guidelines for marketers wishing to partner with social causes, while promoting products with luxury or non-luxury features.
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Li, Shihao, Yanghong Hu, Lan Xu, and Guoqun Fu. "Exploring regulatory fit between service relationships and appeals in co-production." Journal of Services Marketing 35, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-06-2020-0236.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore how different service relationships (mentoring relationship versus partnering relationship) in service co-production affect service outcomes. Specifically, it aims to explore whether the effects of service relationships on customers’ intention to purchase the service are contingent upon service appeals’ regulatory focus (promotion versus prevention focus) and when the regulatory fit effects exist. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducted to test hypotheses. ANOVA and bootstrapping were used to analyze the data. Findings The findings of the three experiments provide convergent evidence for the hypotheses. Specifically, when customers view service employees as mentors (versus partners) in service co-production, promotion-focused (versus prevention focused) service appeals effectively enhance customers’ intention to purchase the service because customers experience a regulatory fit. Moreover, the regulatory fit effects are strengthened or attenuated according to customers’ subjective social status. Practical implications Service firms should adopt promotion-focused (versus prevention-focused) service appeals if employees and customers are having mentoring (versus partnering) relationships, especially when customers have higher (lower) social status. Originality/value To better manage service co-production, this paper investigates beneficial outcomes of mentoring and partnering relationships from a regulatory fit perspective. It highlights the importance of compatibility between service relationship and service appeals’ regulatory focus and demonstrates a novel regulatory fit effect. It also uncovers engagement as the underlying mechanism for the regulatory-fit effect and identifies social class as a boundary condition.
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Gazley, Aaron, Adam Hunt, and Lachlan McLaren. "The effects of location-based-services on consumer purchase intention at point of purchase." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 9/10 (September 14, 2015): 1686–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-01-2014-0012.
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Purpose – This paper aims to empirically test a conceptual model, analysing the effects that features of mobile phone location-based advertising (MLBA) services (customisation, permission and intrusiveness) have on attitudes and purchase intentions, using the theory of interactive advertising. In addition, the moderating effect of receiving such messages at point of purchase (POP) is assessed. Design/methodology/approach – Scenario-based online surveys were used, which manipulated the timing and levels of customisation of the message. Responses were received from 422 “net generation” consumers. Findings – Customisation, permission and intrusiveness all have a direct effect on consumer attitudes towards MLBA messages, and subsequently purchase intention. In addition, receiving such messages at POP strengthens the relationships between intrusiveness and attitudes, but surprisingly weakens the effect of customisation on attitudes. Research limitations/implications – Future research could consider more widespread product categories and try to measure actual behaviour. There is also potential to investigate mobile relationship marketing. Practical implications – Through permission, consumers can control the flow of messages and customise the messages they receive. While consumers benefit greatly, managers also gain opportunities through facilitating co-creative functions. These efforts will be in vain, however, if the consumer perceives the messages to be intrusive. Originality/value – While there is much research that looks at the impact of interactive advertising features on attitudes and behaviour, research has yet to consider these factors in an MLBA context. In addition, it has not considered how providing such messages at POP can influence these relationships.
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Brimah, B. A., W. D. Olanipekun, G. A. Olorunlambe, and S. Salawu. "The Rhetoric Of Celebrity Endorsement Strategy And Consumer Purchase Intention On Fast Moving Consumer Goods Among Al-Hikmah University Undergraduate Students." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 3 (2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(3).104-112.2020.
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The ultimate goal of any business organization is to be prosperous in today’s increasingly competitive and dynamic markets where the cost of acquiring new customers has been found to be exponentially greater than that of maintaining existing ones, firms must continually explore ways of achieving higher customer retention rates. The building of a reputable brand image in the mind of the consumers is especially enhanced through the use of endorsers or spokespersons in the firm’s marketing communications; and celebrities are among the persons commonly used as endorsers or spokespersons in this regard. The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of celebrity endorsement on consumer purchase intention of consumer goods. Primary data through a structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from University undergraduate students. Hypothesis were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient (PPMCC) and Multiple Regression Analysis. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that there are factors that significantly influences consumer purchase intention of celebrity endorsed products. Also, there is significant relationship between celebrity endorsement and consumer purchase intention. Similarly, celebrity endorsements significantly impact consumer purchase intention. It was therefore recommended that the strategy and creative execution of all celebrity endorsement deals should be one that will reinforce strongly and consistently the celebrity brand association to ensure that celebrities do not only evoke positive retains, but helps focus attention on the brand in the advertising. Keywords: celebrity endorsement, strategy, brand equity, consumer goods, purchase intention.
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Abbas Drebee, Hayder. "The Effect of Cultivated Area and the Prices of Buying the Rice on Its Production in AL- Qadisiyah Province-Iraq During (1990-2014) by Using VECM." Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 7, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol7.iss1.13.
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The study aims to determine the effect of the cultivated area and the purchase price on the production of rice in the province of Al-Qadissiya - Iraq for the period (1990-2014). Johansen and Juseliusmethod is used to test the co-integration between the variables. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is employed to determine the direction of the causality between production and priceof rice, as well as between the production of rice and the area cultivated in the short and long run. The analysis of the results shows that there is a co-integration among the variables, and the direction of the relationship is a directional move from cultivated area to production of rice, and from price to production of rice in the short and long run. The study recommends to expand the cultivated area along with maintaining the farm and not to converted to other crops, in addition of determining the purchase price of the crop at the beginning of the agricultural season to ensure a good income for farmers in order to motivate them to increase production.
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Qinghua, Yu, Yukari Nagai, and Luo Yinghuang. "Co-Creation with Ceramic Practitioner for Improving the Marketing and Enhancing the Customer Purchase Experiences." Asian Business Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.518.2019.41.44.53.
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Phillips, Fred, and Brandy Mackintosh. "Wiki Art Gallery, Inc.: A Case for Critical Thinking." Issues in Accounting Education 26, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50038.
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ABSTRACT This instructional case requires students to provide advice to a client who is currently a co-owner of a for-profit art gallery. The client is planning to purchase his co-owner's shares at a price to be determined based on their company's recent financial performance. The company's financial statements, prepared by the client's co-owner, contain accounting choices and judgments that students should identify and evaluate using critical thinking skills. This case is suitable for use in introductory and intermediate financial accounting, and in introductory auditing and assurance courses. Accompanying the case is a set of teaching notes and assessment rubrics for use by instructors.
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Bergeria, Cecilia L., Sean B. Dolan, Matthew W. Johnson, Claudia M. Campbell, and Kelly E. Dunn. "Evaluating the co-use of opioids and cannabis for pain among current users using hypothetical purchase tasks." Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, no. 6 (April 8, 2020): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881120914211.
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Background: Cannabinoids may potentiate opioid analgesia and therefore could be used to reduce reliance on opioids for analgesia. Aims: The current study evaluated whether the concurrent availability of cannabis influences opioid consumption using a behavioral economic demand framework. Methods: An online survey assessed cannabis and opioid use frequency and dependence measures, pain severity, and demand for both cannabis and opioids alone and when concurrently available using hypothetical purchase tasks. Adults reporting current use of opioids for pain management and past 30-day cannabis exposure ( N=155) completed two hypothetical purchase tasks in which only grams of cannabis or units of participants’ index opioids were available for purchase, and two hypothetical tasks in which both were concurrently available and the price of one drug increased whereas the other was kept constant. Paired-sample t-tests compared the demand of each drug alone with when it was available concurrently with an alternative. Results: Demand intensity was significantly reduced and demand elasticity was significantly increased for both cannabis and opioids when the alternate commodity was available, although the reductions in cannabis consumption were more pronounced than they were for opioid consumption in the presence of the alternate commodity. Conclusions: These data provide behavioral economic evidence that cannabis access may modestly reduce demand for opioids in persons who have pain. Additional clinical studies that evaluate the analgesic effects of cannabis and cannabis-opioid effects on pain are warranted.
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Akinin, P. V., and I. I. Kravchenko. "Escrow accounts as a means for stakeholders to protect their funds invested in housing construction projects." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.13.1.114.
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Subject. Shared-equity investment in the primary housing sector is one of the most popular vehicles to finance housing construction projects. Objectives. We identify and analyze positive and negative aspects for co-investors of housing development projects in using escrow accounts. The article analyzed issues and possible solutions resulting from the innovative interaction of parties to housing construction projects in Russia. Methods. Studying the use of escrow accounts as a mean to make the finance of housing construction projects legally secure, we apply methods of logic, statistical and comparative analysis. Results. The article indicates positive and negative aspects of using escrow accounts and enlists risks associated with the purchase of housing when its construction is in progress. We describe how individual co-investors can protect their invested funds. We suggest the escrow account mechanism should be more thoroughly elaborated to secure the finance of housing construction projects. Conclusions and Relevance. The facility is novel for Russia. People are very wary of such innovations, especially in the housing segment. Would-be buyers should have clearer information about changes in the housing purchase procedure. Co-investors should be explained what requirements they need to meet when choosing a lending institutions and a developer, documentation on a shared-equity construction. It is crucial to communicate all details and technicalities about negative aspects of the financial facility.
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Tran, Ngoc Tam L., Luke DeLuccia, Aidan F. McDonald, and Chun-Hsi Huang. "Cross-Disciplinary Detection and Analysis of Network Motifs." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 9 (January 2015): BBI.S23619. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s23619.
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The detection of network motifs has recently become an important part of network analysis across all disciplines. In this work, we detected and analyzed network motifs from undirected and directed networks of several different disciplines, including biological network, social network, ecological network, as well as other networks such as airlines, power grid, and co-purchase of political books networks. Our analysis revealed that undirected networks are similar at the basic three and four nodes, while the analysis of directed networks revealed the distinction between networks of different disciplines. The study showed that larger motifs contained the three-node motif as a subgraph. Topological analysis revealed that similar networks have similar small motifs, but as the motif size increases, differences arise. Pearson correlation coefficient showed strong positive relationship between some undirected networks but inverse relationship between some directed networks. The study suggests that the three-node motif is a building block of larger motifs. It also suggests that undirected networks share similar low-level structures. Moreover, similar networks share similar small motifs, but larger motifs define the unique structure of individuals. Pearson correlation coefficient suggests that protein structure networks, dolphin social network, and co-authorships in network science belong to a superfamily. In addition, yeast protein-protein interaction network, primary school contact network, Zachary's karate club network, and co-purchase of political books network can be classified into a superfamily.
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Jin, Fengliang. "On the environmental civil public interest litigation system for the protection of the climate in China: Comments on two cases from a pragmatism perspective." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 14, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwab006.
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Abstract This article examines and analyses the environmental civil public interest litigation system in the protection of climate change in China through two cases, the All-China Environment Protection Federation v Zhenhua Co, Ltd for air pollution and Friends of Nature v State Grid Gansu Electric Power Corporation for full-purchase of all on-grid power produced by renewable energy.
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Huang, Yan, and Feiyan Liu. "Effect of Customer Citizenship Behavior on Elderly Customer Purchase Intention Based on Value Co-Creation Theory." Open Journal of Business and Management 07, no. 02 (2019): 650–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2019.72044.
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Mica, Mini. "UNDERSTANDING CO-SHOPPERS� INFLUENCE ON PURCHASE DECISION IN RETAIL ENVIRONMENT: AN EXPLORATION INTO CONSUMER DURABLES STORES." Journal of International Management Studies 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jims-17-2.2.
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Huang, Haisong, Liguo Yao, Jyu-Shang Chang, Chieh-Yuan Tsai, and R. J. Kuo. "Using Product Network Analysis to Optimize Product-to-Shelf Assignment Problems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081581.
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A good product-to-shelf assignment strategy not only helps customers easily find desired product items but also increases retailer profit. Recent research has attempted to solve product-to-shelf problems using product association analysis, a powerful data mining tool that can detect significant co-purchase rules underlying a large amount of purchase transaction data. While some studies have developed efficient approaches for this task, they largely overlook important factors related to optimizing product-to-shelf assignment, including product characteristics, physical proximity, and category constraints. This paper proposes a three-stage product-to-shelf assignment method to address this shortcoming. The first stage constructs a product relationship network that represents the purchase association among product items. The second stage derives the centrality value of each product item through network analysis. Based on the centrality of each product, an item is classified as an attraction item, an opportunity item, or a trivial item. The third stage considers purchase association, physical relationship, and category constraint when evaluating the location preference of each product. Based on the location preference values, a product assignment algorithm is then developed to optimize locations for opportunity items. A series of analyses and comparisons on the performance of different network types are conducted. It is found that the two network types provide variant managerial meanings for store managers. In addition, the implementation and experimental results show the proposed method is feasible and helpful.
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Seimu, Somo M. L. "COFFEE AND COTTON BULK PURCHASE IN TANZANIA, 1939 – 1954." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i4.2016.2766.
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This paper examines bulk purchase of coffee and cotton during the war and post- Second World War period under the long-term contract arrangements as provided under the Defence Ordinance and Orders of 1939, 1940 and 1943 as well as review of various Colonial policies, annual reports, meeting minutes, memoranda and circulars on coffee and production and marketing. Evidence for this topic have been extracted from Tanzania National Archive (TNA) primary sources. It analyses the consequences in employment of administrative machinery, such as the marketing boards, traders and co-operatives in execution the contracts agents on behalf of the British Ministry of Food and Supplies to growers.
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Han, Xi Yan. "Fresh Agricultural Products Logistics under “Farmer-Supermarket Direct-Purchase”：Problems and Suggestions Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.1046.
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“Farmer-supermarket direct-purchase” is a new mode of circulation for agricultural products in China. Without a modern logistics system, it cannot be taken into practice effectively. In view of the present situation of fresh agricultural products logistics, some problems exist: lack of effective logistics information platform, poor logistics technology and high logistics cost. Some measures should be taken by the government and supermarkets and farmers’ co-operatives to improve the development of fresh farm product logistics.
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Brumwell, J. C. H. "Notes on the FTSE World Index Series: 1999 Constituent Changes." British Actuarial Journal 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 817–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700002002.
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ABSTRACT1999 was the thirteenth year of publication of the World Index series. A change of name reflects the purchase by FTSE International of the stakes owned by Goldman Sachs & Co. and Standard & Poor's. No changes were made in the range of countries covered during the year, but it was agreed that from mid-2001 the series would be adjusted to reflect the available free floats of constituents' shares.
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Tuan, Luu Trong. "Under entrepreneurial orientation, how does logistics performance activate customer value co-creation behavior?" International Journal of Logistics Management 28, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 600–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2015-0242.
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Purpose For its sustainable growth, an organization should drive customers from the role of consumers of products or services to value co-creators. Logistics performance, which produces value for customers, may activate value co-creation behavior among them. The purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as the determinant and customer value co-creation behavior as the outcome of logistics performance. Design/methodology/approach The data for this research came from 328 dyads of logistics managers of chemical manufacturers and purchase managers of their customer companies in Vietnam context. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling approach. Findings The research results confirmed the role of EO in predicting logistics performance. Logistics performance was also found to positively influence customer-organization identification, which, in turn promoted customer value co-creation behavior. Originality/value Entrepreneurship, logistics, and marketing research streams converge through the research model of the relationship between EO, logistics performance, and customer value co-creation behavior.
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Thai, Loc P., Agnes I. Vitry, and John R. Moss. "Discounting of medicines in Australian community pharmacies." Australian Health Review 38, no. 5 (2014): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14012.
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Objective There are many medicines listed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in which point of sale price is less than the level of the general patient co-payment. In these circumstances, the patient covers the total cost of the medicine from their own pocket with no government subsidy. The aim of the present study was to compare the consumer prices of under general co-payment prescription medicines between banner group pharmacies with open discounting policies and community pharmacies without; and to assess the impact of the April 2012 PBS price disclosure policies on the discounts offered. Methods The consumer prices of 31 under co-payment medicines were collected from banner group pharmacy websites and individual pharmacies both before and after April 2012. PBS maximum prices were obtained from the PBS website. Absolute and relative price differences between PBS and pharmacy groups were calculated. Results Before April 2012, banner group pharmacies provided discounts to patients of around 40% per prescription, whereas other pharmacies provided discounts of around 15%. Total price savings were on average $9 per prescription at banner group pharmacies and $3.50 at other pharmacies. Percentage discounts did not change greatly after April 2012, when price decreases occurred on the PBS. Conclusions Banner group pharmacies with pricing strategies are able to provide greater discounts to patients compared with other pharmacies. Community pharmacies still have the ability to provide substantial discounts after the April 2012 price reductions. What is known about the topic? There is currently little known about the under co-payment medicines market in Australia and the price discounts available to patients. What does this paper add? This research shows that patients who purchase under co-payment medicines are able to save money if they purchase from pharmacies with openly advertised discounting policies. Price reductions related to the implementation of the price disclosure policy had a small effect on the discounts offered by community pharmacies to patients. What are the impacts for practitioners? The effect of discounting on under co-payment medicines to patients may increase their ability to afford essential medicines. Questions remain on whether the effect of discounting on under co-payment medicines may affect the quality of professional services provided to patients by pharmacists.