Relevant bibliographies by topics / Co-surfactant

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Academic literature on the topic 'Co-surfactant'

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Published: 4 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Co-surfactant"

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PUIG, J. E., L. E. SCRIVEN, H. T. DAVIS, and W. G. MILLER. "ROLES OF CO-SURFACTANT AND CO-SOLVENT IN SURFACTANT WATERFLOODING." Chemical Engineering Communications 65, no. 1 (March 1988): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986448808940252.

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Meziani, A., D. Touraud, A. Zradba, M. Clausse, and W. Kunz. "Co-surfactant properties of ketones." Journal of Molecular Liquids 84, no. 3 (March 2000): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7322(99)00196-8.

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Alli, Yani Faozani, Dadan Damayandri, and Yan Irawan. "THE EFFECT OF ANIONIC AND NONIONIC CO-SURFACTANT FOR IMPROVING SOLUBILITY OF POLYOXY-BASED SURFACTANT FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 40, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.40.3.49.

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Surfactant is one of the crucial components for chemical flooding to recover oil production in the tertiary stage of the low primary and secondary recovery oil field. The mechanism is performed by decreasing the interfacial tension of oil and water which enhancing microscopic displacement efficiency. The present study showed the effect of commercial nonionic and anionic co-surfactant Tergitol, Teepol, Merpol, and SDS on the solubility of polyoxy based-surfactant (POS) through compatibility analysis, fi ltration ratio analysis, and IFT measurement. Whereas the presence of Teepol and Merpol did not change the original compatibility of POS in all concentrations, the addition of co-surfactant Tergitol and SDS were able to alter the solubility of POS from milky solution into a clear transparent solution. However, the most important characteristic of surfactant for reducing the IFT of oil-water was affected by the addition of co-surfactant which does not have sufficient IFT to release the trapped oil in the reservoir. Thus, exposing the mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant for a few days at the reservoir temperature has changed the visual appearance of solution from a clear transparent solution into a milky suspension, indicating the occurrence of thermal degradation. These results suggest that the addition of anionic and nonionic co-surfactant improved the solubility of POS, but increased the IFT. It can be concluded that the compatibility of POS in the brine can then be achieved by mixing it with suitable co-surfactant. Screening the other co-surfactant is required to obtain the one that enhances the compatibility as well as maintaining the ultralow IFT of POS.
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Pakpayat, Natthida, and Prapaporn Boonme. "Effects of Various Co-Surfactants and Oils on Microemulsion Formation in Decylglucoside System." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.653.

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Decylglucoside is a non-ionic, non-toxic, biodegradable surfactant. This work aimed to establish composition where stable microemulsions could form using hydrophilic lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept to optimise the formulations. Scanning for suitable ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant was carried out by altering the surfactant/co-surfactant (S/CoS) ratios with two co-surfactants and seven different oils in order to find the optimum formulations. From the optimal S/CoS ratios, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams by dilution were subsequently performed, leading to obtain microemulsion zones. The zones of microemulsions could be observed in the systems composed of decylglucoside/sorbitan monooleate/isopropyl myristate/water at the 0.10/0.90 and 0.20/0.80 S/CoS ratios and decylglucoside/sorbitan monooleate /isopropyl palmitate/water at the 0.10/0.90, 0.15/0.85 and 0.20/0.80 S/CoS ratios. The microemulsion zones of two systems were similar and found at high surfactant concentrations. However, the studied decylglucoside microemulsion systems were interesting in drug and cosmetic applications because it consisted of non-ionic surfactant and co-surfactant, resulting low toxic products.
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Wostry, Melvin, Hanna Plappert, and Holger Grohganz. "Preparation of Co-Amorphous Systems by Freeze-Drying." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100941.

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Freeze-drying was evaluated as a production technique for co-amorphous systems of a poorly water-soluble drug. Naproxen was freeze-dried together with arginine and lysine as co-former. To increase the solubility of naproxen in the starting solution, the applicability of five surfactants was investigated, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate, pluronic F-127, polyoxyethylene (40) stearate, tween 20 and TPGS 1000. The influence of the surfactant type, surfactant concentration and total solid content to be freeze-dried on the solid state of the sample was investigated. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the majority of systems formed co-amorphous one-phase systems. However, at higher surfactant concentrations, and depending on the surfactant type, surfactant reflections were observed in the XRPD analysis upon production. Crystallization of both naproxen and amino acid occurred from some combinations under storage. In conclusion, freeze-drying was shown to be a feasible technique for the production of a selection of co-amorphous drug–amino acid formulations.
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Lu, Jun, and Gary A. Pope. "Optimization of Gravity-Stable Surfactant Flooding." SPE Journal 22, no. 02 (November 18, 2016): 480–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174033-pa.

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Summary Horizontal surfactant floods are inherently unstable without mobility control. However, a vertical surfactant flood can be stabilized by gravity if the velocity is below the critical velocity. A modified stability theory was validated by comparison with a series of surfactant-displacement experiments. These experiments also demonstrate that the critical velocity can be increased by optimizing the viscosity of the microemulsion that forms when the surfactant solution mixes with the oil in the porous medium. The microemulsion viscosity is sensitive to formulation variables such as the amount and type of co-solvent added to the surfactant solution. By changing surfactant components, co-solvents, and the concentration of the co-solvents, we were able to successfully control the microemulsion viscosity at optimum salinity to optimize the critical velocities in each surfactant flood. The experiments with optimized microemulsions show that the surfactant-flood velocity can be significantly increased and still recover nearly 100% of the oil.
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Zhang, Qiang Qiang, and Xuan Jun Wang. "Study on the Preparation of Micro-Emulsified Diesel Oil and its Influencing Factors." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2179.

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In this experiment, the micro-emulsified diesel oil is prepared by using alkanol amide from the reaction between oleic acid and ethanolamine and the mixture of them and with its by-products as the surfactant and alcohols with different carbon chain lengths and molecular structures as the co-surfactant. The experiment explores the effect of the proportion and dosage of the surfactant on the water solubilization, studies the influence of the category, construction and dosage of the co-surfactant on the water solubilization and its stability, and also discusses the impact of concentration of the electrolyte on the micro-emulsion. The experimental result shows that the no1-ionic surfactant can be used to prepare the W/O micro-emulsified diesel oil when this is satisfied: m (oleic acid): m (ethanol amine) =10:1 and that 1-pentanol, isoamyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol can all be used as its co-surfactant. The co-surfactant of benzyl alcohol or 1-pentanol helps to ensure its mechanical and temperature stability, and to prepare the micro-emulsified diesel oil with no1-ionic surfactant from the reaction between oleic acid and ethanolamine as surfactant, one of the best formulation should be like this: room temperature(20°C），ω（0 # diesel oil）=70.6%, ω（surfactant）=9.2%, ω（benzyl alcohol）=5.0%, ω（inorganic salt solution）=15.2%.
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Wazir, Norhidayah Ahmad, Wasan Saphanuchart, Anita Ramli, and Nurida Yusof. "Improved As-Synthesized Oleic Amido Propyl Betaine Surfactant Mixture for Stable Ultra-Low Interfacial Tension: Effect of Mixed Co-Solvents." Colloids and Interfaces 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids5010002.

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As-synthesized oleic amido propyl betaine surfactant mixture, that was produced through a “direct formulation through synthesis” process, exhibited ultra-low oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) values as low as 3.5 × 10−4 mN/m when dissolved in seawater at a reservoir temperature of 96 °C. The as-synthesized surfactant, which was left untreated, had a slightly cloudy appearance when mixed with seawater. Polar solvents were introduced to this surfactant to improve its aqueous solubility by changing its overall hydrophilicity, particularly on the oil/water interface. In this study, two types of glycol ether co-solvent, i.e., ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, were used at different concentrations in a single application and as a mixture of co-solvents at a certain ratio. The behavior of the as-synthesized surfactant with the presence of these co-solvents was investigated. As a result, it showed that the co-solvent helps in solubility improvement and alters the interfacial tension behavior of the surfactant. Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was found to be efficient in maintaining an ultra-low IFT value of the surfactant. However, the aqueous solubility of the surfactant was not significantly improved. In contrast, the addition of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether showed improvement of the aqueous solubility of the surfactant, but it tends to increase the IFT above ultra-low value. Based on this understanding, a set of co-solvent mixing ratios were tested, and the results showed further improvement in both the oil/water interfacial tension behavior and surfactant aqueous solubility. The most stable oil/water IFT of 3.36 × 10−3 mN/m and clearer surfactant solutions were obtained for ratio C at 35 wt.% presence of co-solvent.
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S., Hamdan, Laili C. R., Faujan B.H.A., Dzulkefly K., Zaizi M. D., and Ambar Y. "ASSOCIATION PHENOMENON OF ESTERS IN WATER/SURFACTANT/CO-SURFACTANT/HYDROCARBON SYSTEM." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932699608943489.

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Jiang, Jianzhong, Qianqian Xu, Guozheng Wang, and Zhenggang Cui. "Light and CO2/N2 dual stimuli-responsive wormlike micelles based on a zwitterionic surfactant and an azobenzene surfactant." Soft Matter 14, no. 5 (2018): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02064c.

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Light and CO2/N2 dual stimuli-responsive wormlike micelles (WLMs) were prepared with a zwitterionic surfactant and an azobenzene surfactant. In contrast to traditional CO2 responsive WLMs, a fast and reversible CO2-triggered thinning behavior was observed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Co-surfactant"

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Yan, Ci. "Surfactant films in water-in-CO₂ microemulsions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682365.

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Supercritical C02 (SCC02) has attracted increasing attention as a promising alternative for volatile organic solvent s, due to its abundance, non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-hazardous properties which make C02 a strong candidate for use as a green solvent. However, SCC02 is generally a very poor solvent, especially for polar and high molecular weight solutes, which has largely limited the applications of this supercritical liquid as a processing medium. On the other hand, emulsions and microemulsions have been widely accepted as effective media to stabilize immiscible components, such as water and oil. Studies have been carried out extensively for water-in-scC02 (w/c) microemulsions over the last two decades, in particular, Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) has been recognised as a powerful technique characterise the self-assembly structures, and frequently applied to investigate such systems. In this thesis, the validity of contrast variation SANS (CV-SANS) has been examined in w/c microemulsions by employing mixtures of D20 and H20 as contrast agents. With this method, the core-shell structure of w/c microemulsions has been highlighted, which allows behaviour of the microemulsions and in particular, the properties of surfactant films to be studied in detail. In addition, a systematic study has also been conducted on the effects of amphiphilic additives known as 'hydrotropes' on surfactant films in both water-in-oil and water-in -C02 microemulsions. Based on these observations, a novel surfactant has been synthesised and applied to w/c microemulsions as an additive, which effectively triggers elongation of microemulsion droplets. This work takes significant step in both exploring the fundamental aspect of the self-assembly structures in C02, and also for the optimization of the physicochemical properties of such systems for potential applications.
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Han, Lu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Silica Mesoporous Crystals Cationic Surfactant and Co-structure Directing Agent System /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38398.

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Bernardes, Juliana da Silva. "Equilibrio de fases e caracterização estrutural de sistemas contendo polianions e surfatantes cationicos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249599.

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Orientador: Watson Loh
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T12:43:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardes_JulianadaSilva_D.pdf: 3716800 bytes, checksum: 697cfd08d77b6bb1c1d45598c8324907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Polieletrólitos associam-se fortemente com surfatantes de carga oposta em meio aquoso, levando a uma separação de fases que resulta em uma fase concentrada, rica em polieletrólito e surfatante, em equilíbrio com uma fase diluída constituída pelos contra-íons. A fase concentrada pode ser constituída de interessantes estruturas supramoleculares advindas das propriedades de auto-organização destes sistemas, que aliadas à possibilidade de modificaremse a geometria da mesofase e as distâncias entre os agregados, tornam estes sistemas ferramentas importantes em processos de fabricação de estruturas micro e mesoporosas e em sistemas de liberação controlada de drogas. O estudo do equilíbrio de fases de sistemas constituídos por polieletrólitos e surfatantes de cargas opostas em água não é tão simples devido ao grande número de componentes presentes no sistema, porém é possível reduzir a quantidade de componentes através da síntese do sal complexo ¿puro¿ (polieletrólito-surfatante), facilitando dessa forma a análise dos diagramas de fases gerados. Neste trabalho o comportamento de fases de sais complexos formados pelo íon surfatante hexadeciltrimetilaônio (CTA) e pelo polieletrólito (PA) em água e na presença de diferentes solventes orgânicos foi investigado. Três efeitos principais foram analisados: efeito da natureza do solvente orgânico; efeito da adição de uma série homóloga de álcoois e efeito da hidrofobicidade do contra-íon polimérico. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a polaridade do solvente orgânico utilizado influencia intensamente nas estruturas formadas pelo sal complexo. Em geral, observou-se a predominância de estruturas lamelares em sistemas contendo co-surfatantes (n-álcoois) e a predominância de estruturas hexagonais em sistemas contendo p-xileno e ciclohexano. A hidrofobicidade do contra-íon polimérico não gerou mudanças significativas nos diagramas de fases obtidos.
Abstrat: Association between charged polymers and oppositely charged surfactants in aqueous solutions may lead to phase separation forming a concentrated phase rich in polyions and surfactant ions, and a more dilute phase, which mostly contains simple ions. The concentrated phases may display a variety of supramolecular structures with diverse and interesting features due to self-assembling properties of these systems, which have found applications in the field of controlled drug delivery and in templating the synthesis of materials with tailored geometries. A complete description of the phase equilibrium in these systems is quite demanding, because addition of polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactant to water leads to the formation of several components, however it is possible to reduce the number of the components by the preparation of the pure complex-salt, which allows to analyze the phase equilibrium in a controlled manner. In this work the phase behavior of complex salts formed by the surfactant ion hexadecyltrimethylammonium (CTA) and the polyacrylate (PA) in water and with different organic solvents were investigated. Three principal effects were analyzed: the effect of the organic solvent nature; the effect of n-alcohol carbon chain length and the effect of the polyelectrolyte hidrophibicity. The obtained results revealed that the organic solvent nature has a strong influence in the structure assumed by the complex salt. From the general analysis, systems containing co-surfactants (n-alcohols) a predominance of lamellar structures was observed, and in systems containing p-xylene and ciclohexane a predominance of hexagonal structures was detected. The polyelectrolyte hidrophobicity did not display significant changes in the obtained phase diagrams.
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Ciências
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Zhang, Ying. "Correlations among surfactant drag reduction additive chemical structures, rheological properties and microstructures in water and water/co-solvent systems." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124255735.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxxiv, 429 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 402-429). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Applin, Samantha. "Surfactant Free Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(Styrene-Co-Methyl Methacrylate): Correlation of Microsphere Characteristics with Monomer Reactivity and Water Solubility." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192354.

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Polymeric microspheres have been used in a broad range of applications from chromatographic separation techniques to analysis of air flow over aerodynamic surfaces. The preparation of microspheres from many polymer families has consequently been extensively studied using a variety of synthetic approaches. Although there are a myriad of polymeric microsphere synthesis methods, free-radical initiated emulsion polymerization is one of the most common techniques. In this work, poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) microspheres were synthesized via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. The effects of the co-monomer composition and addition time on particle size distribution, particle formation, and particle morphology were investigated. Particles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy to gain further insight into particle size and size distributions. Reaction kinetics were analyzed through consideration of characterization results. A particle formation mechanism for poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) microspheres was proposed based on characterization results and known reaction kinetics.
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Liu, Yazhao. "Photo-responsive systems in aqueous solution : from model polyelectrolytes to polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAE007.

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Cette thèse vise à concevoir, synthétiser et étudier des systèmes photo-stimulables modèles en solution aqueuse formés à partir de polyélectrolytes (PEs) et de tensioactifs. La photosensibilité est liée à la présence de chromophores azobenzène (Azo) qui subissent une isomérisation trans → cis sous irradiation UV. Nous avons considéré dans un premier temps un PE hydrophile sur lequel nous avons greffé des groupements Azo. Ce système forme de agrégats globulaires en solution en raison du collapse des chaînes et des associations intermoléculaires. La taille des agrégats varie sous irradiation UV. Elle dépend également de la masse molaire des PEs et du taux de greffage des groupements Azo. Nous avons considéré dans un second temps des tensioactifs dans lesquels des groupements Azo ont été introduits (Azo-tensioactifs). Nous avons étudié leur complexation avec des PEs de charge opposée. Ces systèmes s’organisent en colliers de perles. Les polyions décorent les micelles et pénètrent à l’intérieur de celles-ci (co-micellisation). Sous irradiation UV, la taille des perles diminue sans vraiment modifier l’organisation des complexes. Nous nous sommes enfin intéressés à l’auto-assemblage d’Azo-tensioactifs et de co-tensioactifs. Ce mélange conduit à la formation des micelles allongées et à la création d’un gel. Sous irradiation UV, on observe une transition gel - fluide. L’origine ce phénomène est lié à un changement morphologique des agrégats micellaires (micelles allongées - micelles globulaires)
This thesis aims at designing, synthesizing and characterizing model photo-responsive systems in aqueous solution. These systems are based on polyelectrolytes (PEs) and surfactants. The photo-sensitivity arises from the presence of azobenzene (Azo) groups that undergo a transition from a trans to a cis isomer. We first considered a hydrophilic PE on which we grafted Azo groups. This system forms globular aggregates in solution due to chains collapse and intermolecular associations. The size of the aggregates varies under UV irradiation. It also depends on the molar mass of the PEs and the Azo content. We then considered surfactants in which Azo groups have been introduced (Azo-surfactants). We studied their complexation with oppositely charged PEs. These systems show a pearl necklace organization. The PEs decorate the micelles and penetrate inside (co-micellisation). Under UV irradiation, the size of the pearls decreases without really modifying the general organization of the complexes. Finally, we were interested in the self-assembly of Azo-surfactants and co-surfactants. This mixture leads to the formation of wormlike micelles and the creation of a gel. Under UV irradiation, a gel - fluid transition is observed. The origin of this phenomenon is linked to a morphological transition of the micellar aggregates (wormlike micelles - globular micelles)
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Santos, Patricia Brissi. "Efeitos da adição de surfactante e moagem de alta velocidade em pós magnéticos à base de Pr-Fe-B obtidos via HDDR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-26012012-145626/.

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Esse trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da adição do ácido oléico na moagem de alta velocidade/energia na obtenção de pós magnéticos em escala nanométricas da liga Pr12Fe65,9Co16B6Nb0,1. A primeira etapa deste trabalho, envolveu a obtenção de pós magnéticos por meio do processo de hidrogenação, desproporção, dessorção e recombinação (HDDR), utilizando a pressão de H2 de 930 mbar (hidrogenação e desproporção) e temperatura de dessorção e recombinação de 840 ºC. Inicialmente, os pós HDDR foram submetidos à moagem de alta velocidade/energia a 900 rpm, com variação do volume do meio de moagem (ciclohexano) sem adição de ácido oleico. Em seguida, os pós HDDR foram submetidos à moagem com adição de ácido oleico, variando o tempo de moagem. Após a moagem, foi realizado tratamento térmico dos pós a 700 ºC ou 800 ºC durante 30 min., com a finalidade de cristalização do pó. Foi verificado que, a utilização de 6,6 ml de ciclohexano como meio de moagem e com adição de ácido oleico há uma melhora na eficiência da moagem dos pós. Para adições de surfactante, de 0,02 a 0,05 ml e tempos de moagem até 360 minutos, não ocorre a aglomeração dos pós magnéticos no pote de moagem, obtendo acima de 90% de eficiência na moagem. A segunda etapa deste trabalho envolveu a caracterização dos pós magnéticos: utilizando magnetômetro de amostra vibrante, microscopia eletrônica de Varredura, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e difração de raios-X. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adição de ácido oléico na moagem de alta velocidade/energia proporciona uma melhora nas propriedades magnéticas. Com a variação do tempo de moagem a fase Fe-α presente no pó HDDR apresenta diminuição no tamanho do cristalito (de 35 para ~ 10 nm) enquanto que, na fase Pr2Fe14B verifica-se menor grau de cristalinidade.
This work verified the effect caused by adding the surfactant in the high speed/energy milling in order to obtain Pr12Fe65.9Co16B6Nb0.1 magnetic nanopowders. The first part of this work involved the magnetic powder obtainment through the process of hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR). The pressure of H2 during the hydrogenation and disproportion steps was 930 mbar and the temperature of desorption and recombination was 840 ºC. Initially, the HDDR powders were subjected a highspeed milling process at 900 rpm, with quantity variations of the milling medium (cyclohexane) and without the addition of oleic acid. Then, the HDDR powders were subjected to the milling process with the addition of oleic acid and with milling time variations. After the milling process, heat treatments of the powder were carried out at 700 °C or 800 °C for 30 minutes in order to obtain the crystallization of the powder. By performing the procedures, it was verified that the milling efficiency improved with the addition of 6.6 ml of cyclohexane as the milling medium and with the addition of oleic acid. It was determined that for the surfactant additions of 0.02 ml to 0.05 ml, with a milling time of up to 360 minutes, powder agglomeration does not occur in the milling pot and the milling efficiency is higher than 90%. The second stage of this work involved the magnetic powders characterization obtained by using vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Through the characterizations it was found that the powders magnetic properties improved when the addition of oleic acid in a high-speed /energy milling occurred. It was also verified that the α-Fe phase, present in the powder, shows a crystallite size decrease (from 35 nm to ~ 10 nm) when the time milling variation occurred; meanwhile, the crystallinity degree was lower in the Pr2Fe14B phase when the time milling variations was carried out.
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Munoz, Romain. "Co-precipitation of Y2O3 powder." Thesis, KTH, Keramteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37102.

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Massinga, Pedro Horacio. "Surfactant intercalated koppies and boane bentonites for polymer nanotechnology." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40227.

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This research aimed to develop technology and processes to further beneficiate two southern African bentonites for applications in polymer/clay nanotechnology. The bentonites were from the Koppies mine in South Africa, and the Boane mine in Mozambique. The work was divided into two parts: (i) preparation of organomodified nanoparticulate smectite clays, and (ii) preparation of their poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) nanocomposites. Nanoparticulate organobentonites were prepared using purified bentonites. The conventional organomodification process uses a very low concentration of bentonites at 80 oC. In this study, a novel method was developed: concentrated slurries of naturally occurring Ca-bentonite partially activated with soda ash in the presence of a proprietary dispersant were contacted at ambient temperature with quaternary ammonium surfactants. A known amount of bentonite dispersion was placed in a planetary mixer before the mixture. Likewise, a known amount of surfactant, up to 50% excess, based on the estimated cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the bentonites, was added while mixing the dispersion. The surfactants added were either in solution or in powdered form. The intercalated bentonite was recovered by centrifugation and washed repeatedly with water until halide ions could not be detected using a 1M silver nitrate solution. The solids were dried at ambient temperature and humidity, and then crushed and milled into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle. Several instrumental techniques were used to characterise and examine the properties of the bentonite samples before and after organic treatment.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results were consistent with: (i) paraffin-type extended chain intercalation; and (ii) interdigitated monolayer intercalation of the C12 and C14 single-chain alkyl surfactants and bilayer intercalation of the single-chain C16 surfactant and the surfactants with double alkyl chains. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of the organobentonite powders confirmed disordered chain conformations. XRD also detected significant amounts of cristobalite in the samples of Boane bentonite (from Mozambique). This impurity could not be removed cost-effectively. The onset decomposition temperature ofthe present organobentonites was around 200 ºC, which is within the typical range of polymer/organoclay processing temperatures. The thermal stability of the organobentonites was independent of both the number of alkyl chain substituents and their length, and also independent of the degree of clay intercalation. SURFACTANT INTERCALATED KOPPIES AND BOANE BENTONITES FOR POLYMER NANOTECHNOLOGY ii Poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) nanocomposites were prepared with South African Koppies bentonite, organomodified with single-chain C12 (and polar 2-hydroxyethyl side chain) and double-chains C18 alkyl ammonium cationic surfactants. The later surfactant was intercalated both below and above the clay CEC. Nanocomposites were prepared by twin-screw melt compounding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated the presence of mixed nanoand micron-sized clay morphologies. XRD studies revealed that the crystallinity of the particles improved and that the d-spacing values increased on incorporation of the modified bentonites in the polymer matrix. It is postulated that, rather than indicating polymer co-intercalation, this was caused by further intercalation of either excess surfactants or surfactant residues that were released by shear delamination of the clays during compounding. Improved mechanical properties were realised, especially when using the bentonite containing the longer double-chains surfactant intercalated at levels in excess of the CEC of the clay. The nanocomposites showed improved tensile modulus and elongation at break values at the expense of a reduction in impact strength, while tensile strength was about the same as for the neat polymer.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Chemistry
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Albarki, Mohammed Abdulhussein Handooz. "In vitro assessment of the transport of Poly D, L Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) nanoparticles across the nasal mucosa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2034.

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The nasal mucosa provides a rapid, noninvasive route for drug administration to the systemic circulation and even potentially to the CNS. Nanoparticles made from the biodegradable polymer, PLGA, are of great interest for use in drug delivery systems due to PLGA’s relative safety and ease of surface modification. Nanoparticles may provide improved targeting and transport through the nasal mucosa. However, the optimal nanoparticle sizes and surface properties for intranasal delivery are unknown. In this study, we prepared PLGA nanoparticles within a size range of 50-70 nm containing the lipophilic fluorescent dye, Nile Red, using a surfactant-free nanoprecipitation method. The resulting nanoparticles were evaluated using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Nanoparticle uptake into the nasal mucosa was determined by exposing the tissues to nanoparticle dispersions for 30 or 60 minutes. The in vitro uptake of the nanoparticles by the nasal mucosal tissues revealed that the Nile Red-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were transported across the epithelial layer and accumulated in the sub-mucosal connective tissues. Nanoparticle uptake in the full thickness tissues was time dependent where 2% of the total loads of nanoparticles exposed to the tissues were measured in the mucosal tissue after 30 minutes and 4% were present in the tissues after 60 minutes. The rapid and measurable transfer of PLGA nanoparticles into the nasal mucosal tissues indicate that they may be an efficient delivery vehicle for drugs with either local or systemic activities.
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Books on the topic "Co-surfactant"

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Gray, Jason. The influence of a biopolymer and co-surfactant upon the phase behaviour of an industrial monoglyceride. Salford: University of Salford, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Co-surfactant"

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Hellweg, Thomas. "Block Copolymer Surfactant Mixtures in Aqueous Solution: Can we Achieve Size and Shape Control by Co-Micellization?" In Advances in Polymer Science, 1–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_66.

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Adhikari, Puspa L., Wokil Bam, Pamela L. Campbell, Francois Oberhaensli, Marc Metian, Marc Besson, Hugo Jacob, and Peter W. Swarzenski. "Evaluating Microplastic Experimental Design and Exposure Studies in Aquatic Organisms." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 69–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_3.

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AbstractEnvironmental microplastic particles (MPs) represent a potential threat to many aquatic animals, and experimental exposure studies, when done well, offer a quantitative approach to assess this stress systematically and reliably. While the scientific literature on MP studies in aquatic environments is rapidly growing, there is still much to learn, and this chapter presents a brief overview of some of the successful methods and pitfalls in experimental MP exposure studies. A short overview of some experimental design types and recommendations are also presented. A proper experimental exposure study will yield useful information on MP-organism impacts and must include the following: a comprehensive MP characterization (e.g., density, buoyancy, type, nature, size, shape, concentration, color, degree of weathering/biofilm formation, an assessment of co-contaminant/surfactant toxicity and behavior, an understanding exposure modes, dose and duration, and the type and life stage of the target species). Finally, more conventional experimental considerations, such as time, costs, and access to clean water, specialized instrumentation, and use of appropriate controls, replicate, and robust statistical analyses are also vital. This short review is intended as a necessary first step towards standardization of experimental MP exposure protocols so one can more reliably assess the transport and fate of MP in the aquatic environment as well as their potential impacts on aquatic organisms.
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Reis, Fabíula A. S. L., Eliana Flavia C. Sérvulo, and Francisca P. de França. "Lipopeptide Surfactant Production by Bacillus subtilis Grown on Low-Cost Raw Materials." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4–7, 2003, in Breckenridge, CO, 899–912. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-837-3_73.

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Kim, Sung Bae, and Jin Won Chun. "Enhancement of Enzymatic Digestibility of Recycled Newspaper by Addition of Surfactant in Ammonia-Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4–7, 2003, in Breckenridge, CO, 1023–31. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-837-3_83.

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Hong, Zhong, Chen Wanxiong, and Chen Jin. "Co-flocculation with polymer and surfactant." In Production and Processing of Fine Particles, 279–88. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036448-3.50034-7.

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Czuryszkiewicz, T., J. Rosenholm, F. Kleitz, and M. Lindén. "Synthesis and characterization of mesoscopically ordered surfactant/co-surfactant templated metal oxides." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 1117–24. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(02)80270-1.

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Verma, Shekhar, Nagendra Chandrawanshi, and Vishal Jain. "Surfactant-Based Anhydrous Nano Carrier System for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Anti-Cancer Drugs." In Handbook of Research on Advancements in Cancer Therapeutics, 413–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6530-8.ch014.

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Around 40% of new chemical entities and drugs are lipophilic or poor aqueous soluble in nature. Among them many anti-cancer drugs are also consist lipophilic properties. Available poorly water soluble anti-cancer drugs are paclitaxel, etoposide, and docetaxel. To get better stability of those anti-cancer drug via encapsulation and searching suitable carrier system for the controlled release, design and development requires of anhydrous nano carrier system. However, to deliver and entrapment of these kind of anti-cancer drugs are very essential with avoidance of water free preparation to get suitable controlled release application and achieve targeting site. The primary objective of proposed chapter is to develop and design novel stable anhydrous or non-aqueous nano emulsion carrier system and provide suitable carrier system for poorly aqueous soluble anti-cancer drugs. Another important aim is to design and develop better stabilizing agent by combining different type of surfactant, co-surfactant, and co-solvent.
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Janani, S. K., Raman Sureshkumar, and S. P. Dhanabal. "Perspective Chapter: Microemulsion as a Game Changer to Conquer Cancer with an Emphasis on Herbal Compounds." In Surfactants and Detergents - Updates and New Insights. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101479.

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Microemulsions are lipid based drug delivery system consisting of oil, water, surfactant and often a co-surfactant. They are prepared in order to deliver the drug in an effective manner so as to obtain the desired therapeutic activity. Compared to other conventional therapy, they can deliver the drug in an efficient manner because of their characteristics like reduced particles size, lipid based drug delivery system, thermodynamic stability and economical scale up. Anti-cancer drugs can be easily incorporated into microemulsion so as to target the cancer cells. This helps in increasing the solubility, permeability and absorption of the poorly soluble and poorly permeable drugs, thereby helping in enhancing the bioavailability of the drug. In this chapter, we are also focusing on the herbal based formulations that will be helpful in effectively fighting against cancer cells with less or no side effects. A light has also been shed on the advantages and disadvantages of the microemulsions that will be helpful in considering them as an effective model to conquer cancer and promote the same in the upcoming years.
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Umar, Abubakar A., Ismail M. Saaid, and Aliyu A. Sulaimon. "An SVM-Based Classification and Stability Analysis of Synthetic Emulsions Co-Stabilized by a Nonionic Surfactant and Laponite Clay." In Science and Technology Behind Nanoemulsions. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75707.

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Giang Le, Thi. "Self-Assembly of GeMn Nanocolumns in GeMn Thin Films." In Self-Assembly of Nanostructures and Patchy Nanoparticles. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92709.

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This chapter presents the results of growing GeMn nanocolumns on Ge(001) substrates by means of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The samples have been prepared by co-depositing Ge and Mn at growth temperature of 130°C and Mn at concentration of ~6% to ensure the reproduction of GeMn nanocolumns. Based on the observation of changes in reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns during nanocolumn growth, surface signals of GeMn nanocolumn formation have been identified. Structural analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show the self-assembled nanocolumns with core-shell structure extend through the whole thickness of the GeMn layer. Most of nanocolumns are oriented perpendicular to the interface along the growth direction. The nanocolumn size has been determined to be about 5–8 nm in diameter and a maximum height of 80 nm. A phenomenological model has been proposed to explain the driving force for self-assembly and growth mechanisms of GeMn nanocolumns. The in-plane or lateral Mn diffusion/segregation is driven by a low solubility of Mn in Ge while the driving force of Mn vertical segregation is induced by the surfactant effect along the [001] direction.
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Conference papers on the topic "Co-surfactant"

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Miyazaki, Nao, Yuichi Sugai, Kyuro Sasaki, Yoshifumi Okamoto, and Chencan Ouyang. "Dual Role of Citric Acid as a Binding Inhibitor of Anionic Surfactant with Bivalent Cations and Co-Surfactant on Bio-Surfactant EOR." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193277-ms.

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Panomsuk, Suwannee, and Nopparat Nuntharatanapong. "Fabrication, Characterization and Antioxidation Activity of Clove Oil- Loaded Microemulsions." In 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology 2022. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-z974ga.

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Clove oil is a volatile oil that is extracted from clove buds of Syzygiumaromaticum. It was reported for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Microemulsions (ME) are a stable emulsion system composed of oil, surfactant mixture (SM, surfactant and co-surfactant) and water. In this study clove oil-loaded microemulsions (CM) were fabricated using Tween 20 as surfactant. Co-surfactants used in CM were ethanol and isopropanol. CM with different concentrations of clove oil (10-50% w/w) and SM (40-80% w/w) at Tween 20:co-surfactant ratios of 1:2 were formulated and characterized for their physico-chemical properties. All CM was clear liquid with thermodynamic stability. The size of all CM prepared from both ethanol and isopropanol was less than 100 nm. At lower oil and SM concentrations, the CM was o/w ME. When the concentration of oil or SM increased, the conductivity values decreased to less than 10 μS/cm indicating that the obtained CM was w/o ME. All CM formulations exhibited strong antioxidant activity as tested by the DPPH scavenging method (92.79 - 94.95% inhibition). Changing the type of co-surfactants (ethanol or isopropanol) or changing the oil to co-surfactant ratio did not significantly alter the antioxidant activity. Therefore, considering both physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of CM, the CM containing 10% clove oil is the recommended formulation for commercial development.
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Panthi, Krishna, and Kishore K. Mohanty. "Chemical Flood with a Single Surfactant." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209385-ms.

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Abstract The goal of this work is to develop alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) formulations for a shallow, clayey sandstone reservoir. Commercially available surfactants were used in the phase behavior study. The gas-oil-ratio (GOR) was low; the phase behavior and coreflood study was conducted with the dead oil. The surfactant formulation systems were tested in tertiary ASP core floods in reservoir rocks. Many surfactant formulations were identified which gave ultralow IFT, but the formulation with only one surfactant (at 0.5 wt% concentration) in presence of one co-solvent was selected for corefloods. The cumulative oil recovery was in the range of 94-96% original oil in place (OOIP) in the corefloods. The surfactant retention was low (0.15 mg/gm of rock) in spite of the high clay content. The study showed that 0.5 PV of ASP slug and 2700 ppm of the polymer were required to make the flood effective. The use of alkali and preflush of the soft brine helped minimize surfactant retention.
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Ozum, Baki. "Solvent Versus Surfactant Co-Injection with Steam to Improve Efficiency of Steam Assisted Bitumen and Heavy Oil Recovery Processes." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209338-ms.

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Abstract In Alberta, Canada bitumen is produced by SAGD and CSS methods at about 1.5x106 barrels per day capacity. Efficiency of these operations is measured by steam-to-bitumen mass ration, which is reported in the range of 2.6 to 5. Oil industry has invested on solvent such as light hydrocarbons co-injection with steam to reduce SBR, speculating that solvent would reduce bitumen viscosity and increase Darcy mobility of bitumen in the reservoir, which has resulted limited commercial success. In majority of these studies, effect of solvent co-injected with steam on bitumen-water interfacial tension, therefore on Darcy permeability was ignored. Our laboratory has been studying to increase Darcy permeability of bitumen by reducing bitumen-water interfacial tension. For this purpose two methods were investigated: (i) surfactant species were produced by in-situ sulfonation-sulfoxidation of bitumen asphaltenes by co-injecting a trace amount of gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) with steam; and (ii) co-injection of biodiesel (BD) as a surfactant additive, with steam at under 2 g-BD/kg-bitumen dosages, which corresponds to under 0.32 kg-BD/bbl-bitumen, or under 0.67 kg-BD/ton-steam if SBR is 3:1. Bitumen recovery tests were also made to compare performances of solvent versus surfactant co-injection with steam methods by operating the test apparatus in bath mode, which most likely stimulate the steam zone of the steam zone of the SAGD and CSS reservoirs. These tests showed that solvent co-injection potentially reduces bitumen recovery efficiency compared to steam-only methods. We wonder that the solvent co-injected with steam increases bitumen-water interfacial tension, increases slip velocity at bitumen-water interface and reduces Darcy permeability of bitumen. Experimental observations supported with fluid dynamics analysis of two immiscible fluids with slip boundary condition at the interface of two fluids were encouraging to expand our research in BD-water emulsions flooding for cold heavy oil recovery, CHOPS and Post CHOPS, and BD-solvent-water emulsions flooding for extra viscous heavy oil, and bitumen production from high permeability reservoirs, which would eliminate demand for steam. Experimental data on bitumen viscosity, bitumen-water interfacial tension and potential effects of solvent and surfactant co-injection with steam on commercial steam assisted bitumen and heavy oil recovery operations will be discussed.
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AlYousef, Zuhair, Mohammed Almobarky, and David Schechter. "Surfactant and a Mixture of Surfactant and Nanoparticles Stabilized-CO2/Brine Foam for Gas Mobility Control and Enhance Oil Recovery." In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/486622-ms.

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Ogata, Satoshi, and Keizo Watanabe. "Drag Reduction of the Flow Past a Circular Cylinder in Surfactant Solution." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/fed-24912.

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Abstract The flow around a circular cylinder in surfactant solution was investigated experimentally by measurement of the pressure and velocity profiles in the Reynolds number range 6000 < Re < 50000. The test surfactant solutions were aqueous solutions of Ethoquad O/12 (Lion Co.) at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 ppm, and sodium salicylate was added as a counterion. It was clarified that the pressure coefficient of surfactant solutions in the range of 10000 < Re < 50000 at the behind of the separation point was larger than that of tap water, and the separation angle increased with concentration of the surfactant solution. The velocity defect in surfactant solutions behind a circular cylinder was smaller than those in tap water. The drag coefficients of a circular cylinder in surfactant solutions were smaller than those of tap water in the range 10000 < Re < 50000, and no drag reduction occurred at Re = 6000. The drag reduction ratio increased with increasing concentration of surfactant solution. The maximum drag reduction ratio was approximately 35%.
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Amir, S. M., M. Gupta, A. Gupta, A. Wildes, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "Effect of Ag Surfactant on Cu∕Co Multilayers Deposited by RF-Ion Beam Sputtering." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3606014.

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Phukan, Ranjan, Subrata Borgohain Gogoi, Pankaj Tiwari, and Ramanpreet Singh Vadhan. "Optimization of Immiscible Alkaline-Surfactant-Alternated-Gas/CO Flooding in an Upper Assam Oilfield." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/195262-ms.

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Ermakov, S., J. C. B. da Silva, I. Kapustin, A. Molkov, I. Sergievskaya, and O. Shomina. "Radar probing of surfactant films on the water surface using dual co-polarized SAR." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Stelios P. Mertikas, Xavier Neyt, Caroline Nichol, and Oscar Aldred. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2241444.

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J, Chandradass, Rengasamy N.V., AMUTHA SURABI M, Ki Hyeon kim, and R. Rajendran. "Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum Ferrite Nanopowders Using Igepal CO 520 as a Surfactant." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-28-0581.

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