Relevant bibliographies by topics / CO2

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  1. Journal articles

Academic literature on the topic 'CO2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "CO2"

1

Wu, Yuewei, Jian Wu, Xiaolong Wei, et al. "Theoretical Investigation of C4F7N–CO2 Mixture Decomposition Characteristics Under Extreme Conditions." Energies 18, no. 3 (2025): 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030591.

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Due to their low greenhouse effect and exceptional insulating properties, C4F7N-CO2 gas mixtures have garnered significant attention. In particular, understanding the decomposition characteristics of C4F7N-CO2 is crucial for their practical use as an eco-friendly dielectric medium. At elevated temperatures, the pyrolysis of C4F7N produces high concentrations of CFN, CF3, and C2F2, along with lower levels of C3F5, C4F6N, C2F, and CN. A further increase in temperature may lead to the decomposition of CO2 into CO and additional components such as C2, C2F3, C3F4, C4F7 and C3F6, CF, CO, C3F7, C3F2, C3F, C3F3, C3F3N, C3, CF2, and CF2N. Under electrical discharge conditions, the decomposition of CO2 becomes more pronounced, forming products like CO, C2O, O2, C2O2, and C2O4, with up to 25 decomposition components observed. These include products originated from both C4F7N and CO2 and their combinations. In ultra-high electric field intensities, only small molecules such as O2, C2, C3, and N2 are detected among the decomposition products. This study aims to provide theoretical insights and valuable data to advance research into the decomposition behavior and practical engineering applications of C4F7N-CO2 gas mixtures under extreme conditions.
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2

Hamed, Raghad Ali, Sabreen Shaker Mahmood, and Ban Dawood Salih. "Synthesis and Applications of Polymer Chelating Resins Containing Schiff Base." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 9 (2019): 2111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21794.

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In this article, a series of Schiff-base compounds is prepared by consending aromatic dialdehydes and diamines in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The prepared Schiff bases are characterized by CHNS/O, NMR and FTIR techniques. Moreover, analytical applications of Schiff bases as chelating agent was evaluated by loading (20 %) of compounds (B and C) the urethanic foams. Furthermore, chelating resins type P1 (B) and P2 (C) are also prepared by loading the Schiff base into polymer backbones. Moreover, the batch process is used to study the ability of these resins in recovering metals ions, such as (Mg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Ca2+). The study is performed by considering the contact time and pH value. Finally, the polymer’s maximum loading capacity is in the following sequence: P1 (B) Co2+ > Cr3+ > Mg2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+ > Ca2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+; P2 (C) Mg2+ > Cd2+ > Ca2+ > Co2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cr3+.
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3

Drenchev, Nikola L., Boris L. Shivachev, Lubomir D. Dimitrov, and Konstantin I. Hadjiivanov. "Effect of Water on CO2 Adsorption on CaNaY Zeolite: Formation of Ca2+(H2O)(CO2), Ca2+(H2O)(CO2)2 and Ca2+(H2O)2(CO2) Complexes." Nanomaterials 13, no. 16 (2023): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13162278.

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Efficient CO2 capture materials must possess a high adsorption capacity, suitable CO2 adsorption enthalpy and resistance to water vapor. We have recently reported that Ca2+ cations exchanged in FAU zeolite can attach up to three CO2 molecules. Here we report the effect of water on the adsorption of CO2. Formation of Ca2+(H2O)(CO2), Ca2+(H2O)(CO2)2 and Ca2+(H2O)2(CO2) mixed ligand complexes were established. The Ca2+(H2O)(CO2) species are readily formed even at ambient temperature and are characterized by ν(12CO2) and ν(13CO2) infrared bands at 2358 and 2293 cm−1, respectively. The Ca2+(H2O)(CO2)2 species are produced at low temperature and are identified by a ν(13CO2) band at 2291 cm−1. In the presence of large amounts of water, Ca2+(H2O)2(CO2) complexes were also evidenced by ν(12CO2) and ν(13CO2) bands at 2348 and 2283 cm−1, respectively. The results demonstrate that, although it has a negative effect on CO2 adsorption uptake, water in moderate amounts does not block CO2 adsorption sites.
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4

PGoh, P., and IG White. "Control of Ram Sperm Adenylate Cyclase by Divalent Cations." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 3 (1988): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880377.

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The adenylate cyclase activity of ram sperm increased on freeze-thawing and the enzyme was stable at O�C. Its activity was stimulated by Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in descending order of activity. The enzyme was insensitive to fluoride when Mn2+ concentration was in excess. Mn2+_ stimulated enzyme activity was decreased by the simultaneous addition of Co2+, or Cd2+, or Ni2+, and particularly Cu2+. Sulfhydryl compounds (viz. dithiothreitol, glutathione, dithiocarbamate, 2- mercaptoethanol, ergothioneine and cysteine) and chelating agents (viz. D-penicillamine and 8-hydroxyquinoline) were effective, to varying degrees, in overcoming the inhibition by Cu2+. Ca2+ augmented the stimulatory effect of Mg2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ on enzyme activity.
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5

Makrlík, E., J. Budka, P. Vaňura, and P. Selucký. "Solvent extraction of Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, UO22+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ into nitrobenzene using strontium dicarbollylcobaltate and tetra-tert-butyl p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraacetate." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 12 (2008): 1181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0812181m.

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The exchange extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium M2+(aq) + SrL2+(nb) ? ?ML2+(nb) + Sr2+(aq) occurring in the two- -phase water-nitrobenzene system (M2+ = Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, UO22+ , Mn2+, Co2+ or Ni2+; L = tetra-tert-butyl p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraacetate; aq = aqueous phase; nb = nitrobenzene phase) were evaluated from extraction experiments and ?-activity measurements. Furthermore, the stability constants of the ML2+ complexes in water saturated nitrobenzene were calculated; they were found to increase in the cation order Ba2+ < Mn2+ < Pb2+, Co2+ < Cu2+, Zn2+ < Cd2+, Ni2+ < UO22+ < Ca2+.
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6

Handlogten, Mary E., Naoki Shiraishi, Hisataka Awata, Chunfa Huang, and R. Tyler Miller. "Extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor is a promiscuous divalent cation sensor that responds to lead." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 279, no. 6 (2000): F1083—F1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.6.f1083.

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The extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) responds to polycations, including Ca2+ and neomycin. This receptor is a physiological regulator of systemic Ca2+ metabolism and may also mediate the toxic effects of hypercalcemia. A number of divalent cations, including Pb2+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Fe2+, are toxic to the kidney, brain, and other tissues where the CaR is expressed. To determine which divalent cations can activate the CaR, we expressed the human CaR in HEK-293 cells and measured activation of phospholipase A2(PLA2) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42ERK in response to potential agonists for the receptor. HEK-293 cells expressing the nonfunctional mutant CaR R796W served as controls. Extracellular Ca2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Gd3+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and neomycin activated the CaR, but Hg2+and Fe3+ did not. We analyzed the kinetics of activation of p42ERK and PLA2 by the CaR in response to Ca2+, Co2+, and Pb2+. The EC50 values ranged from ∼0.1 mM for Pb2+ to ∼4.0 mM for Ca2+. The Hill coefficients were >3, indicating multiple cooperative ligand binding sites or subunits. Submaximal concentrations of Ca2+ and Pb2+ were additive for activation of the CaR. The EC50 for Ca2+ or Pb2+ was reduced four- to fivefold by the presence of the other ion. These divalent cations also activated PLA2 via the CaR in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells that stably express the CaR. We conclude that many divalent cations activate the CaR and that their effects are additive. The facts that the CaR is a promiscuous polycation sensor and that the effects of these ions are additive to activate it suggest that the CaR may contribute to the toxicity of some heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Fe2+ for the kidney and other tissues where it is expressed.
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7

Wellner-Kienitz, M. C., H. Shams, and P. Scheid. "Contribution of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels to Central Chemosensitivity in Cultivated Neurons of Fetal Rat Medulla." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 6 (1998): 2885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.2885.

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Wellner-Kienitz, M.-C., H. Shams, and P. Scheid. Contribution of Ca2+-activated K+ channels to central chemosensitivity in cultivated neurons of fetal rat medulla. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2885–2894, 1998. Neurons in fetal rat medullary slices that exhibited spontaneous electrical activity after blockade of synaptic transmission were investigated for their response to decreases in extracellular pH. Increases in [H+] (induced either by fixed acid or increases in PCO2) induced a significant increase in the frequency of action potentials, associated with a membrane depolarization, and/or increases in the slope of the interspike depolarization. In addition, CO2/H+ prolonged the repolarizing phase of action potentials and reduced the afterhyperpolarization, suggesting that K+ channels were the primary site of CO2/H+ action. The type of K+ channel that was modulated by CO2/H+ was identified by application of agents that inhibited Ca2+-activated K+ channels either directly (tetraethylammonium chloride, TEA) or indirectly (Cd2+ ions) by inhibiting Ca2+ influx. CO2/H+ effects on neuronal activity were abolished after application of these blockers. The contribution of Ca2+-activated K+ channels to H+ sensitivity of these neurons was confirmed further in voltage-clamp experiments in which outward rectifying I-V curves were recorded that revealed a zero current potential of −70 mV. CO2/H+ induced a prominent reduction in outward currents and shifted the zero current potential to more positive membrane potentials (mean −63 mV). The CO2/H+-sensitive current reversed at −72 mV and was blocked by external application of TEA. It is concluded that CO2/H+ exerts its stimulatory effects on fetal medullary neurons by inhibition of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, either directly or indirectly, by blocking voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, which in turn results in a reduction of K+ efflux and in cell depolarization.
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8

Oberhauser, A., O. Alvarez, and R. Latorre. "Activation by divalent cations of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel from skeletal muscle membrane." Journal of General Physiology 92, no. 1 (1988): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.1.67.

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Several divalent cations were studied as agonists of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel obtained from rat muscle membranes and incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. The effect of these agonists on single-channel currents was tested in the absence and in the presence of Ca2+. Among the divalent cations that activate the channel, Ca2+ is the most effective, followed by Cd2+, Sr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+. Mg2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, and Sn2+ are ineffective. The voltage dependence of channel activation is the same for all the divalent cations. The time-averaged probability of the open state is a sigmoidal function of the divalent cation concentration. The sigmoidal curves are described by a dissociation constant K and a Hill coefficient N. The values of these parameters, measured at 80 mV are: N = 2.1, K = 4 X 10(-7) mMN for Ca2+; N = 3.0, K = 0.02 mMN for Cd2+; N = 1.45, K = 0.63 mMN for Sr2+; N = 1.7, K = 0.94 mMN for Mn2+; N = 1.1, K = 3.0 mMN for Fe2+; and N = 1.1 K = 4.35 mMN for Co2+. In the presence of Ca2+, the divalent cations Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+ are able to increase the apparent affinity of the channel for Ca2+ and they increase the Hill coefficient in a concentration-dependent fashion. These divalent cations are only effective when added to the cytoplasmic side of the channel. We suggest that these divalent cations can bind to the channel, unmasking new Ca2+ sites.
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9

Wang, Jiaen, Tianliang Song, Huaxiang Chen, et al. "Bioinspired High-Strength Montmorillonite-Alginate Hybrid Film: The Effect of Different Divalent Metal Cation Crosslinking." Polymers 14, no. 12 (2022): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122433.

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The natural nacre has a regular ordered layered structure of calcium carbonate tablets and ion crosslinking proteins stacked alternately, showing outstanding mechanical properties. Inspired by nacre, we fabricated different divalent metal cation-crosslinked montmorillonite-alginate hybrid films (MMT-ALG-X2+; X2+ = Cu2+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Co2+ or Mn2+). The effect of ionic crosslinking strength and hydrogen bond interaction on the mechanical properties of the nacre-mimetics was studied. With the cations affinities with ALG being increased (Mn2+ < Co2+ = Ni2+ < Ca2+ < Ba2+ < Cd2+ < Cu2+), the tensile strength of nacre-mimetics showed two opposite influence trends: Weak ionic crosslinking (Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Ca2+) can synergize with hydrogen bonds to greatly increase the tensile properties of the sample; Strong ionic crosslinking (Ba2+, Cd2+, Cu2+) and hydrogen bonding form a competitive relationship, resulting in a rapid decrease in mechanical properties. Mn2+ crosslinking generates optimal strength of 288.0 ± 15.2 MPa with an ultimate strain of 5.35 ± 0.6%, obviously superior to natural nacre (135 MPa and 2%). These excellent mechanical properties arise from the optimum synergy of ion crosslinking and interfacial hydrogen bonds between crosslinked ALG and MMT nanosheets. In addition, these metal ion-crosslinked composite films show different colors, high visible transparency, and excellent UV shielding properties.
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10

Rani, Poonam, Kashmiri Lal, and Rahul Shrivastava. "Tris-Triazole Based Chemosensors for Selective Sensing of Pb2+ Ions." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 11 (2019): 2443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22076.

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A series of novel tris-trizole based neutral chemosensors (4a-c) have been synthesized via click reaction and characterized by various spectral techniques. All the synthesized triazoles were evaluated for their ion binding properties towards various cations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+) by UV-visible titration experiments. It was observed that the addition of Pb2+ ions to compound 4a led to significant changes in UV-visible spectrum and a new UV band was observed at 262 nm. Further, the Job′s plot confirmed the formation of 1:1 complex between compound 4a and Pb2+. The synthesized chemosensor selectively sense Pb2+ ions in preference to other cations like Cu2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+.
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