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Journal articles on the topic 'CO2 density'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Watanabe, Hirotatsu, Syo Higashidani, Aoba Tawa, Ikken Ban, and Teppei Ogura. "Oxidation Process of Ni Cathode in CO2 Electrolysis in SOEC: X-Ray and DFT Study." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (2023): 1319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1319ecst.

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CO2 oxidation of Ni cathode in CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) was studied experimentally and through first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Ex-situ analyses of Ni/YSZ surface after CO2 electrolysis were performed using SEM and XRD. As a result, less oxidation of Ni was found in CO2 electrolysis mode at high current density (-280 mA/cm2), whereas Ni was oxidized at low current density (-140 mA/cm2). DFT calculation showed CO2 reduction was more stable than Ni oxidation at the Ni/YSZ interface. The electrolysis mode can enhance the oxidation toler

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Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, George Gardner Brown, Amarildo Pasini, et al. "Earthworm communities in organic and conventional coffee cultivation." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (2009): 928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800019.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of organic and conventional coffee crops on biomass, population density and diversity of earthworms, in Lerroville, district of Londrina County, Paraná state, Brazil. Earthworm communities were sampled in three areas with organic coffee cultivation (CO1, CO2 and CO3), two with conventional coffee (CC1 and CC2), and a native forest fragment (MT). The soil of the areas CO1, CC1, and MT was classified as Nitossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Kandiudox), while CO2, CO3, and CC2 were on Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). Eight samples were taken in each

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Liu, Zongyuan Liu, Pablo Lustemberg, Ramón A. Gutiérrez, et al. "In Situ Investigation of Methane Dry Reforming on Metal/Ceria(111) Surfaces: Metal–Support Interactions and C-H Bond Activation at Low Temperature." Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56 (August 16, 2017): 13041–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10639239.

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Studies with a series of metal/ceria(111) (metal=Co,Ni, Cu; ceria=CeO2) surfaces indicate that metal–oxideinteractions can play a very important role for the activation of methane and its reforming with CO2 at relatively low temperatures (600–700 K). Among the systems examined, Co/CeO2(111) exhibits the best performance andCu/CeO2(111) has negligible activity. Experiments using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that methane dissociates on Co/CeO2(111) at temperatures as low as 300 K—generating CHx and COx species on the catalyst surface. The results o

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Gudipudi, Ramana, Till Fluschnik, Anselmo García Cantú Ros, Carsten Walther, and Jürgen P. Kropp. "City density and CO2 efficiency." Energy Policy 91 (April 2016): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.01.015.

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5

Jin, Zhenyu, Yingqing Guo, and Chaozhi Qiu. "Electro-Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Valuable Chemicals in a Membrane Electrode Assembly." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095579.

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Electro-conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals is an efficient method to deal with excessive CO2 in the atmosphere. However, undesirable CO2 reaction kinetics in the bulk solution strongly limit current density, and thus it is incompetent in market promotion. Flow cell technology provides an insight into uplifting current density. As an efficient flow cell configuration, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) has been proposed and proven as a viable technology for scalable CO2 electro-conversion, promoting current density to several hundred mA/cm2. In this review, we systematica

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Kim, Yong Seok, Jae Wook Lee, Byeongkyu Kim, Jong Wook Bae, and Chan-Hwa Chung. "Carbon-Neutralized Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Using Bifunctional (Methanol Oxidation/CO2 Reduction) Electrodes." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (August 14, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9277179.

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In this study, a carbon-neutralized direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) using two bifunctional electrodes, Pd-Ag and Pt-Zn, has been designed. This system has two modes, which are fuel-cell mode and spontaneous CO2 reduction mode. In the operation of fuel-cell mode, the methanol has been oxidized into CO2 on the Pd-Ag electrode and generates electricity. In the next step of the operation, CO2, which is the product of fuel-cell mode, has been spontaneously reduced to CO on Pd-Ag, and electricity has been obtained. In contrast, the Pt in the Pt-Zn electrode catalyzes the oxygen reduction reaction i

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7

Shi, Jin, You Jian Jia, Feng Shi, and Xiao Chun Wang. "Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium BF₄/Methanol Electrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2573.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be electrochemically reduced to useful products under mild condition. In recent years, increased attempts have been devoted to use ionic liquid (IL) as the solvents, electrolytes and catalysts for CO2 reduction. However, owing to the high viscosity of ILs, CO2 diffusion in ILs is restrained, lead to low current density of CO2 reduction. To overcome this problem, in present work, we used methanol as the organic solvent to dilute 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium BF4 ([EmiBF4), an commonly used IL in electrochemistry, the obtained [BmiBF4/methanol solution have many unique pro

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Bastami, Alireza, Peyman Pourafshary, and Ali Shafiei. "Densities for Ternary System of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 at Elevated P-T: An Experimental and Modeling Approach." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102840.

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Very few thermodynamic models exist for estimation of density alteration due to solution of CO2 in a pure H2O and CaCl2–H2O system. All of these models require density of CaCl2 solution to estimate density of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 system. Similarly, models presented to calculate CaCl2 solution density need pure H2O density in advance. The main approach to model density of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 system is based on estimation of density alteration of CaCl2–H2O system due to the solution of CO2 mole fraction. Hence, to estimate CO2–CaCl2–H2O system density, density of CaCl2 solution is necessary, and to estimate

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9

Nakasone, Sora, Asato Inoue, Ryotaro Yoshida, Takashi Harada, Shuji Nakanishi, and Kazuhide Kamiya. "Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Reactions to Multicarbon Products with a Current Density Exceeding 1.8 a cm^-2." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 62 (2024): 4253. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02624253mtgabs.

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The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) using electricity derived from renewable energy sources has attracted intensive attention as a technology for carbon neutral society. Social implementation of CO2RR requires highly selective and high current density production of high value-added C2+ products (C2H4, C2H5OH, n-C3H7OH, CH3COOH, etc.). For this reason, there has been many studies into the direct electrolysis of gaseous CO2 as a substrate by using gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), which can overcome the problem of limited mass transport due to the low solubility of CO2, to achieve

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10

Yorio, N. C., C. L. Mackowiak, R. M. Wheeler, and G. W. Stutte. "Stomatal Density and Index of Five Species of Crop Plants Grown at Elevated and Super-elevated CO2." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 543B—543. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.543b.

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The effects of elevated CO2 on stomatal density and index were investigated for five crop species currently being studied for NASA's Advanced Life Support program. Lettuce (cv. Waldmann's Green) and radish (cv. Giant White Globe) were grown at 400, 1000, 5000, or 10,000 μmol·mol–1 CO2, tomato (cvs. Red Robin and Reimann Philip 75/59) were grown at 400, 1200, 5000, or 10,000 μmol·mol–1 CO2, and wheat (cv. Yecora Rojo) and potato (cv. Denali) were grown at 400, 1000, or 10,000 μmol·mol–1 CO2 within controlled-environment growth chambers using nutrient film technique hydroponics. Leaf impressions

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11

Cunico, Larissa P., and Charlotta Turner. "Density Measurements of CO2-Expanded Liquids." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 62, no. 10 (2017): 3525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.7b00540.

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12

Wang, Zhiyuan, Baojiang Sun, and Linlin Yan. "Improved Density Correlation for Supercritical CO2." Chemical Engineering & Technology 38, no. 1 (2014): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201400357.

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13

Nst, Eri Susan, Yulia Fitri, Laras Sita Widara, and Fajri Fajri. "Prediction of CO2 emission based on road density approach." Journal of Aceh Physics Society 12, no. 1 (2023): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v12i1.27961.

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Abstrak. Pekanbaru merupakan kota terbesar di Provinsi Riau dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat. Peningkatan ekonomi berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan jumlah trasnportasi kendaraan bermotor di Kota Pekanbaru. Jumlah kendaraan rata-rata meningkat sebesar 7,3% per tahun. Peningkatan sektor transportasi menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan dan pemanasan global serta menurunnya kualitas udara di wilayah perkotaan. Polusi paling dominan yang dihasilkan dari sektor transportasi yaitu karbondioksida (CO2). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung emisi CO2 dari kendaraan di Ko

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14

Schwartz, Robert S., Sylvia Musto, Mary E. Fabry, and Ronald L. Nagel. "Two Distinct Pathways Mediate the Formation of Intermediate Density Cells and Hyperdense Cells From Normal Density Sickle Red Blood Cells." Blood 92, no. 12 (1998): 4844–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.12.4844.

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Abstract In sickle cell anemia (SS), some red blood cells dehydrate, forming a hyperdense (HD) cell fraction (&gt;1.114 g/mL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC], &gt;46 g/dL) that contains many irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), whereas other SS red blood cells dehydrate to an intermediate density (ID; 1.090 to 1.114 g/mL; MCHC, 36 to 46 g/dL). This study asks if the potassium-chloride cotransporter (K:Cl) and the calcium-dependent potassium channel [K(Ca2+)] are participants in the formation of one or both types of dense SS red blood cells. We induced sickling by exposin

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Schwartz, Robert S., Sylvia Musto, Mary E. Fabry, and Ronald L. Nagel. "Two Distinct Pathways Mediate the Formation of Intermediate Density Cells and Hyperdense Cells From Normal Density Sickle Red Blood Cells." Blood 92, no. 12 (1998): 4844–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.12.4844.424k29_4844_4855.

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In sickle cell anemia (SS), some red blood cells dehydrate, forming a hyperdense (HD) cell fraction (>1.114 g/mL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC], >46 g/dL) that contains many irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), whereas other SS red blood cells dehydrate to an intermediate density (ID; 1.090 to 1.114 g/mL; MCHC, 36 to 46 g/dL). This study asks if the potassium-chloride cotransporter (K:Cl) and the calcium-dependent potassium channel [K(Ca2+)] are participants in the formation of one or both types of dense SS red blood cells. We induced sickling by exposing normal density

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16

Pham, Huy, and Cao Thang Dinh. "Hydrophilic Separator Stables CO₂-to-C₂H₄ Conversion at Low Cell Voltage with Non-Noble Metal Anode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 28 (2024): 2161. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02282161mtgabs.

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Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction (ECR) is a promising approach for enabling the conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 into valuable products with electricity from renewable sources to achieve net-zero CO2 emission. ECR simultaneously reduces carbon emissions and dependence on fossil-based fuels and chemicals. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), which often comprise an anion exchange membrane (AEM) and a precious iridium oxide (IrOx)-based anode, have been extensively studied in the last few years. However, challenges such as salt precipitation on cathodic gas diffusion electrodes (G

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17

Yassin, Mahmood Reza, Ali Habibi, Ashkan Zolfaghari, Sara Eghbali, and Hassan Dehghanpour. "An Experimental Study of Nonequilibrium Carbon Dioxide/Oil Interactions." SPE Journal 23, no. 05 (2018): 1768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187093-pa.

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Summary In this study, we use a custom-designed visual cell to investigate nonequilibrium carbon dioxide (CO2)/oil interactions under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions. We visualize the CO2/oil interface and measure the visual-cell pressure over time. We perform five sets of visualization tests. The first three tests aim at investigating interactions of gaseous (g), liquid (l), and supercritical (sc) CO2 with a Montney (MTN) oil sample. In the fourth test, to visualize the interactions in the bulk oil phase, we replace the opaque MTN oil with a translucent Duvernay (DUV) light oil (LO)

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18

Aya, I., K. Yamane, and H. Nariai. "Solubility of CO2 and density of CO2 hydrate at 30 MPa." Energy 22, no. 2-3 (1997): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(96)00093-x.

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19

Zhang, Yi, Yong Shen, Yongchen Song, et al. "Density Measurements of Supercritical CO2 + Dagang Brine for CO2 Geological Storage." Energy Procedia 37 (2013): 5620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.484.

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20

Beaudry, Randolph M. "EFFECT OF ELEVATED CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS ON BLUEBERRY FRUIT RESPIRATION AND RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 676f—676. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.676f.

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Blueberry fruit were sealed in 0.00254 cm (1 mil) thick, 200 cm2 low density polyethylene pouches, which, in turn, were sealed in containers continually purged with gas mixtures containing 0, 20, 40 or 60 kPa CO2 and held at 15C. Sampling the gas composition of the enclosed package permitted accurate determination of O2 uptake, CO2 production and the respiratory quotient (RQ) despite the high background CO2 levels. O2 uptake was minimally affected by the CO2 treatments. CO2 production, however, increased at CO2 partial pressures over 20 kPa, resulting in an elevated RQ at 40 and 60 kPa CO2. Ra

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21

Wang, Zhi-Qiang, Hui-Hui Liu, Xin-Ping Wu, Peijun Hu, and Xue-Qing Gong. "Hydride Generation on the Cu-Doped CeO2(111) Surface and Its Role in CO2 Hydrogenation Reactions." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (2022): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12090963.

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Ceria-based catalysts exhibit great activity in catalyzing selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. However, the underlying mechanism of this reaction, especially the generation of active H species, remains unclear. In this work, we performed extensive density functional theory calculations corrected by on-site Coulomb interaction (DFT + U) to investigate the H2 dissociation and the reaction between the active H species and CO2 on the pristine and Cu-doped CeO2(111) (denoted as Cu/CeO2(111)) surfaces. Our calculations evidenced that the heterolytic H2 dissociation for hydride generation can

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22

Luo, Yi Wei, Chun Ling Xin, Jiao Sun, Bao Rui Yan, and Ya Dong He. "Study on the Foaming Behavior of PS-CO₂ by Using Water or Ethanol as Co-Blowing Agent." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.112.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been reported as an interesting substitute of banned ozone-depleting blowing agents, such as HCFC and HFC etc., for low-density polystyrene (PS) foam production, but it is difficult to industrialize due to its low solubility in PS matrix; therefore, high pressure is always needed in order to obtain the required gas concentrations for low density foam. Mixtures of blowing agents might be a practical way to make foam processing easy to control. In this paper, the foaming behaviors of PS-CO2 by using water or ethanol as co-blowing agent were investigated. The performances

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AKSAKAL, Hüsnü, and Vildan ÇİNĞİLİ. "Investigation of Radiation Properties of CO2 Reacted Portland." Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Dergisi 17, no. 2 (2022): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1153537.

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In this study we explored the radiation properties of CO2-reacted Portland which take place in kiln process of cement production. The use of CO2 can change Portland density via chemical process to obtain CaCO3. When the CO2 capture rate of Portland cement is zero, the density is 2.3 g/cm3, while the CO2 capture rate is 100%, the density is reached to 2.705 g/cm3. The radiation shielding properties were explored using FLUKA code. To define the radiation shielding properties of the CO2-reacted Portland, four types of beams (photons, electrons, protons and neutrons) were used. These beams have be

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Xia, Wei, Yu-Bo Wang, Jiang-Tao Wu, Tao Zhang, Liang Gong, and Chuan-Yong Zhu. "Microscopic Mechanism Study on Gas–Crude-Oil Interactions During the CO2 Flooding Process in Water-Bearing Reservoirs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 13 (2025): 6402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136402.

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The impact of water on CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery processes is significant. In this study, a CO2–water-film–crude-oil–rock molecular system was established. Then, the influence of water-film thickness on the dissolution and dispersion of CO2 and crude oil under different temperature and pressure scenarios was examined through molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that water films hinder CO2 diffusion into the oil, reducing its ability to lower oil density. When the thickness of the water film increases from 0 nm to 3 nm, the oil density increases by 86.9%, and t

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Hovenden, Mark J., and Lisa J. Schimanski. "Genotypic differences in growth and stomatal morphology of Southern Beech, Nothofagus cunninghamii, exposed to depleted CO2 concentrations." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 4 (2000): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99195.

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Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. clones of four different genotypes from Mt Field National Park, Tasmania were grown at both current (~370 mol mol–1 ) and depleted (~170 mol mol –1 ) CO2. Growth was significantly less in the lower [CO2] treatment in all genotypes. The amount of growth reduction caused by low [CO2] depended strongly upon genotype and varied from less than 30% to greater than 75% reduction of whole plant biomass when compared to growth at current [CO2]. Specific leaf area was significantly greater in all plants grown in reduced [CO2], whereas individual leaf area was not s

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Teng, Ying, Pengfei Wang, Lanlan Jiang, Yu Liu, and Yang Wei. "New Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Characterization of Density-Driven Convective Instability." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040661.

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CO2 convective dissolution has been regarded as one of the fundamental mechanisms to accelerate the mass transfer of CO2 into brine. We present a new spectrophotometric method to characterize the convective instability and measure the dissolved CO2 mass, which enables the real-time quantitative visualization of CO2/brine transport mechanisms. Successive images were captured to identify the finger development regimes, and the convection morphologies were analyzed by the fingers length and affected area. CO2 solubility was experimentally studied, and the results are in agreement with the theoret

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Wang, Wanhua, Haixia Li, Ka-Young Park, Taehee Lee та Fanglin (Frank) Chen. "Improving the Performance for Direct Electrolysis of CO₂ in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Sr_1.9Fe_1.5Mo_0.5 O₆ _- _δ Electrode Via Infiltration of Pr₆O₁₁ Nanoparticles". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, № 47 (2022): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471778mtgabs.

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High temperature direct CO2 electrolysis based on solid oxide electrolysis cell (CO2-SOEC) is a promising technology to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with a high current density and Faradaic efficiency. The exploration for suitable cathodes with desirable catalytic activity is a grand challenge for the development of CO2-SOEC. Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6 - δ is often used as the cathode material for SOEC, but suffers from insufficient activity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this work, nanoscale Pr6O11 was infiltrated into the Sr1.9Fe1.5Mo0.5O6 - δ (SFM) electrode to promote the CO2RR p

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Mantovani, Mario, Paolo Chiesa, Gianluca Valenti, Manuele Gatti, and Stefano Consonni. "Supercritical pressure–density–temperature measurements on CO2–N2, CO2–O2 and CO2–Ar binary mixtures." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 61 (January 2012): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2011.09.001.

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Sembiring, S. S. B., R. Hermawan, and S. B. Rushayati. "The concentration of CO₂ on two canopy densities in Taman Kota 1 Bumi Serpong Damai, South Tangerang." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918, no. 1 (2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012008.

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Abstract Global warming occurs because many greenhouse gases (GHG) retain heat from the earth, which causes the earth’s surface temperature to increase. The GHG contributing most to global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its highest atmosphere concentration and long life span. The increasing CO2 concentrations in urban areas are caused by transportation and industrial activities. City parks with high tree densities are the potential to reduce CO2 concentration. However, studies related to tree canopy density in reducing CO2 concentrations have not been widely carried out. This study aim

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Lin, Jing, Shenglin Yan, Chunxiao Zhang, Qing Hu, and Zhenmin Cheng. "Electroreduction of CO2 toward High Current Density." Processes 10, no. 5 (2022): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050826.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) electroreduction offers an attractive pathway for converting CO2 to valuable fuels and chemicals. Despite the existence of some excellent electrocatalysts with superior selectivity for specific products, these reactions are conducted at low current densities ranging from several mA cm−2 to tens of mA cm−2, which are far from commercially desirable values. To extend the applications of CO2 electroreduction technology to an industrial scale, long-term operations under high current densities (over 200 mA cm−2) are desirable. In this paper, we review recent major advances towa

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Shokrollahi, Amin, Afshin Tatar, Sepideh Atrbarmohammadi, and Abbas Zeinijahromi. "Explainable Advanced Modelling of CO2-Dissolved Brine Density: Applications for Geological CO2 Storage in Aquifers." Inventions 10, no. 1 (2025): 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions10010015.

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The growing impacts of global warming demand urgent climate-change mitigation strategies, with carbon storage in saline aquifers emerging as a promising solution. These aquifers, for their high porosity and permeability, offer significant potential for CO2 sequestration. Among the trapping mechanisms, solubility trapping—where CO2 dissolves into brine—stands out for its long-term effectiveness. However, CO2 dissolution alters brine density, initiating density-driven convection that enhances CO2 migration. Accurate modelling of these density changes is essential for optimising CO2 storage strat

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Malvin, G. "Microcirculatory effects of hypoxic and hypercapnic vasoconstriction in frog skin." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 2 (1993): R435—R439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.2.r435.

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The effects in frog (albino Xenopus laevis) skin of hypoxic and hypercapnic vasoconstriction on the following microcirculatory parameters were determined: capillary red blood cell flux, capillary red blood cell velocity, perfused capillary density, lineal red blood cell density, and the temporal heterogeneity of capillary red blood cell velocities. All of these parameters affect the gas exchange characteristics of respiratory organs. Measurements were made by fluorescent video microscopy of a 1.5-cm2 region of skin exposed to different gas mixtures (air, O2, N2, 5% CO2-95% air, 5% CO2-95% N2).

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Marra, R. Kendall, Fred H. Poettmann, and Robert S. Thompson. "Density of Crude Oil Saturated With CO2." SPE Reservoir Engineering 3, no. 03 (1988): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/16350-pa.

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Cui, Leyu, Kun Ma, Maura Puerto, et al. "Mobility of Ethomeen C12 and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Foam at High Temperature/High Salinity and in Carbonate Cores." SPE Journal 21, no. 04 (2016): 1151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179726-pa.

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Summary The low viscosity and density of carbon dioxide (CO2) usually result in the poor sweep efficiency in CO2-flooding processes, especially in heterogeneous formations. Foam is a promising method to control the mobility and thus reduce the CO2 bypass because of the gravity override and heterogeneity of formations. A switchable surfactant, Ethomeen C12, has been reported as an effective CO2-foaming agent in a sandpack with low adsorption on pure-carbonate minerals. Here, the low mobility of Ethomeen C12/CO2 foam at high temperature (120 °C), high pressure (3,400 psi), and high salinity [22

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Li, Ming, and Frank V. Bright. "Steady-State Fluorescence of Polystyrene Plasticized by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 6 (1996): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963905736.

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A steady-state fluorescence study of low-molecular-weight polystyrene (MW = 1060 g/mol and 13,000 g/mol) plasticized in supercritical CO2 is reported. In addition to excitation wavelength, molecular weight, and polystyrene concentration dependencies, CO2 density also strongly affects the emission spectral contours. A major increase in the steady-state fluorescence intensity and a significant decrease in the polystyrene 320- to 365-nm fluorescence intensity ratio are observed when CO2 density is increased. Concentration and conformational changes in the polystyrene molecules are used to explain

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Kee, Wong Mee, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Mohammad Azmi Bustam, Lau Kok Keong, Turgkaraaj Karikalan, and Ghulam Murshid. "Density, Viscosity and CO₂ Solubility of Novel Solvent." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.301.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major cause of accelerating global warming. It is important to employ efficient method to capture CO2. Absorption is the most established technique to separate CO2 and amines are most commonly used as solvent. In this study, density and viscosity of an amine based novel solvent named Stonvent were investigated at temperature ranging from 298.15 K to 338.15 K. CO2 solubility in Stonvent was measured at varying pressures, temperatures and concentrations. The experiments were conducted at temperatures (303.15, 318.15 and 333.15) K, and at pressures (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 3)

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Guo, Hui, Li Hui, and Shufeng Shen. "Monoethanolamine+2-methoxyethanol mixtures for CO2 capture: Density, viscosity and CO2 solubility." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 132 (May 2019): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2018.12.028.

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Shim, Hanseul, Sanghoon Lee, Jae Gang Kim, and Gisu Park. "CO₂ number density measurement in a shock tube with preheated carbon surface." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 6 (2022): 067105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095517.

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The interaction between a heated carbon-based material and high-temperature air may produce ablation gas species such as CO2, affecting heat transfer onto the surface of a thermal protection system. The prediction of ablation gas production is critical for heat flux prediction and the design of a thermal protection system. In this study, we present a system that measures the number density of CO2 formed by the gas–surface interaction between a hot carbon surface and high-temperature gas. The heated carbon wall is exposed to high-temperature air by using a shock tube and surface heating model.

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Rajab, Dr Muthenna Sh. "Root Caries Prevention Potential of Chopped CO2 Laser: an In Vitro Study." Mustansiria Dental Journal 5, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v5i1.478.

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The objective of this study aimed to assess the caries-preventive potential of various chopped CO2 laser parameters, and to explore the effect of the laser energy density on the caries inhibition activity.Roots of extracted human premolar teeth were irradiated with three various energy densities (25.47, 50.93, and 101.86) J/cm2, by changing the number of pulses, the pulse duration, and the spot diameter. The CO2 laser system emitted laser with 10.6m in wavelength. All roots were subjected to carieslike lesion formation by 3.5 pH lactic acid for 21 days. The roots after that were sectioned int

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Lyu, Xiaocong, Fang Cen, Rui Wang, et al. "Density-Driven CO2 Dissolution in Depleted Gas Reservoirs with Bottom Aquifers." Energies 17, no. 14 (2024): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17143491.

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Depleted gas reservoirs with bottom water show significant potential for long-term CO2 storage. The residual gas influences mass-transfer dynamics, further affecting CO2 dissolution and convection in porous media. In this study, we conducted a series of numerical simulations to explore how residual-gas mixtures impact CO2 dissolution trapping. Moreover, we analyzed the CO2 dissolution rate at various stages and delineated the initiation and decline of convection in relation to gas composition, thereby quantifying the influence of residual-gas mixtures. The findings elucidate that the temporal

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Jing, Guosong, Qian Zhao, and Ziqiang Jin. "Experiment and analysis on the heterogeneity of CO2 adsorption-transport by microrocks in coal matrix." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0314162. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314162.

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In order to study gas adsorption performance effected by micro-rock in coal matrix, dual energy X-ray CT was used to calculate the density change of coal core before and after gas injection, which can obtain the CO2 concentration (adsorption amount) in coal core, and reveal the uneven characteristics of CO2 adsorption by minerals. The research results show that coal core in the region where minerals exist has a higher density, while the density of the coal matrix is smaller. Regions with higher coal density (more minerals) have weaker adsorption capacity for CO2. The CO2 concentration in coal

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O'Neill, E. G., R. J. Luxmoore, and R. J. Norby. "Increases in mycorrhizal colonization and seedling growth in Pinusechinata and Quercusalba in an enriched CO2 atmosphere." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (1987): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-139.

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Forest tree biomass is hypothesized to increase in a CO2-enriched atmosphere if mechanisms exist to ensure acquisition of limiting nutrients in forest soils. Investment of additional photosynthate produced at elevated CO2 into mycorrhizal proliferation and root growth may provide one such mechanism. To test this hypothesis, mycorrhizal density and seedling biomass were measured in shortleaf pine (Pinusechinata Mill.) and white oak (Quercusalba L.) grown in unfertilized forest soil in controlled-environment chambers at 360 μL L−1 and 700 μL L−1 CO2. Mycorrhizal density was greater at elevated C

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Fominykh, Sergey, Stevan Stankovski, Vladimir M. Markovic, Dusko Petrovic, and Sead Osmanović. "Analysis of CO2 Migration in Horizontal Saline Aquifers during Carbon Capture and Storage Process." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (2023): 8912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118912.

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The storage of CO2 has become an important worldwide problem, considering that an excess of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere causes dramatic changes in its climate. One possible solution is to remove the excess of CO2 from the atmosphere, capture it in the process of creation, and store it safely, negating the possibility of its return into the atmosphere. This is the process of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). In the following paper, the authors investigate horizontal saline aquifers and their ability to store CO2. The authors’ application of sensitivity analysis on horizontal migrations uncove

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Hunt, Lena, Michal Fuksa, Karel Klem, et al. "Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO2 Conditions." Plants 10, no. 11 (2021): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112533.

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Changes in stomatal conductance and density allow plants to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. In the present paper, the influence of atmospheric CO2 concentration and light intensity on stomata were investigated for two barley genotypes—Barke and Bojos, differing in their sensitivity to oxidative stress and phenolic acid profiles. A novel approach for stomatal density analysis was used—a pair of convolution neural networks were developed to automatically identify and count stomata on epidermal micrographs. Stomatal density in barley was influenced by genotype, as well as by light

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Arabyarmohammadi, Fatemeh, Rui Kai Miao, Ali Shayesteh, et al. "Advancing CO2 Electrolysis via Voltage Diagnostics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 1 (2025): 26. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01126mtgabs.

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Global sustainability is a pressing issue and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contribute significantly to climate change. CO2 sequestration and utilization technologies have emerged as promising methods to mitigate anthropogenic CO2, including electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels. This sustainable technology enables the storage of intermittent renewable energy in stable chemical bonds. CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) can produce valuable chemicals with lower CO2 emissions than traditional chemical production, making it crucial for energy security, environmental

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Pagliari, Michele, Dario Montinaro, Emanuele Martelli, Stefano Campanari, and Alessandro Donazzi. "Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Cathodic CO₂ Supply to Industrial Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154105mtgabs.

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The integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) in hybrid power generation systems offers the opportunity to achieve higher electric efficiencies. In the SOS-CO2 cycle [1], a newly developed cycle for blue power production (i.e., power generated starting from natural gas while capturing CO2), the SOFC cathode is supplied with mixtures of CO2 and O2, up to 79% CO2 molar fraction, while the anode is supplied with a reformate feed, containing H2, CH4, CO, CO2, and water vapour. Aim of this work is to experimentally evaluate the performance and the durability of industrial 5x5 cm2 Ni-YSZ anode-s

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Jia, Tao, Jinpeng Yang, and Jia Yu. "Determination of Compressed Liquid Densities for CO2 + n-Decane Using a Vibrating Tube Densimeter." Applied Sciences 14, no. 20 (2024): 9232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14209232.

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Understanding the density of CO2 + n-decane is crucial for designing and operating CO2 capture, transport, and storage. The safety and effectiveness of CO2 burial is directly affected by the density of CO2 + n-decane mixtures. The liquid densities of CO2(1) + n-decane(2) mixtures with mole fractions of CO2 x1 = 0, 0.2032, 0.4434, 0.7589, and 0.8947 were measured using a vibrating tube densimeter. The combined expanded uncertainties of density with a level of confidence of 0.95 are estimated to be 0.6 kg·m−3. A total of 221 compressed liquid densities of CO2(1) + n-decane(2) mixtures along the

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Mehana, Mohamed, Mashhad Fahes, and Liangliang Huang. "The Density of Oil/Gas Mixtures: Insights From Molecular Simulations." SPE Journal 23, no. 05 (2018): 1798–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187297-pa.

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Summary Gravity segregation of reservoir fluids is mainly controlled by density. Although most gases used in the field for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) result in a reduction in density upon mixing with the oil, carbon dioxide (CO2) can result in an increase of the density upon mixing. Experimental observations confirmed this behavior. In addition, field operations report an early breakthrough for CO2 flooding, which is related to the associated gravity segregation caused by the abnormal density behavior. However, the molecular interactions at play that have an impact on the observed macroscopic

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Class, Holger, Leon Keim, Larissa Schirmer, Bettina Strauch, Kai Wendel, and Martin Zimmer. "Seasonal Dynamics of Gaseous CO2 Concentrations in a Karst Cave Correspond with Aqueous Concentrations in a Stagnant Water Column." Geosciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020051.

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Dissolved CO2 in karst water is the key driving force of karstification. Replenishment of CO2 concentrations in karst water occurs by meteoric water that percolates through the vadose zone, where CO2 produced from microbial activity is dissolved. CO2 can thus be transported with the percolating water or in the gas phase due to ventilation in karst systems. We measured seasonally fluctuating CO2 concentrations in the air of a karst cave and their influence on aqueous CO2 concentrations in different depths of a stagnant water column. The observed data were compared to numerical simulations. The

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Park, Chul B., Lewis K. Cheung, and Seung-Won Song. "The Effect of Talc on Cell Nucleation in Extrusion Foam Processing of Polypropylene with CO2 and Isopentane." Cellular Polymers 17, no. 4 (1998): 221–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262489319981704001.

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The effect of talc on cell nucleation of polypropylene (PP) foam was investigated. Branched high-melt-strength PP was used to reduce bubble coalescence during extrusion foam processing. When isopentane was used as a blowing agent, bubble nucleation was dominated by the talc concentration, and the isopentane content did not affect the cell density very much. By contrast, when CO2 was used as a blowing agent, both talc and CO2 concentrations determined the cell-population density. However, the effect of talc on nucleation was significant only when the CO2 content was low. In addition, the maximu

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