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1
KOLAPO, Funso Tajudeen (Ph.D). "A Time-Series Analysis Of Insurance Sector Density And Environmental Quality In Nigeria." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 07, no. 08 (2024): 5217–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13365181.
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Nigeria is a high-polluting country, hence, carbon emissions from diverse sources tend to affect the quality of the environment. However, a high density of insurance companies in an area can lead to better risk management practices, including incentivizing policyholders to adopt environmentally-friendly measures that reduce carbon emissions. As a result, the study uses the ARDL Bounds testing framework to look at how the density of the insurance business has affected environmental quality in Nigeria from 1990 to 2021. The ARDL technique is used to look at the relationship between the research variables across the short and long run. The study showed that insurance sector density energy and renewable energy consumption increase environmental quality in Nigeria by reducing CO2 emission. The study also demonstrated that Nigeria's expanding economy (in terms of trade and economic growth) increases CO2 emission, thus affecting the quality of the environment. As a result, Nigerian government authorities should keep supporting insurance sector reforms to improve environmental quality, and insurers should reward people and businesses that use renewable energy sources and discloses their carbon emission activities. Policymakers must develop plans to increase the usage of renewable energy sources. The impact of trade openness on CO2 emission in Nigeria must be kept to a minimum, thus policymakers must establish and continuously monitor a stringent environmental regulatory framework. Furthermore, economic growth reduces environmental quality in Nigeria, thus policies such as pollution control, waste management, resource conservation, and sustainable production practices which are geared towards strengthening and enforcing environmental regulations to mitigate the negative impacts of economic activities on the environment.
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Dansofo, Adama T., Zakaree S. Saheed, Anfofum A. Alexander, et al. "Impact of Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Carbon Emission in Nigeria." ABUAD Journal of Social and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (2024): 94–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/ajsms.2024.0501.05-j.
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The study examines the impact of non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon emission using an annual data spanning from 1980 to 2022. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model was employed. From the analysis, the co-integration results reveal that there is a long-run relationship between the variables under study. Furthermore, both the long-run and short-run Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimates unequivocally demonstrate that both economic growth and the non-renewable energy consumption exert statistically significant, and positive impacts on CO2 emissions. In essence, they jointly contribute to the observed increase in CO2 emissions over the study period. Based on the findings, it is recommended that adequate regulations, restrictions and innovative ways in fostering economic growth through energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources are implemented alongside policies from energy regulatory Commission and environmental protection agencies, to explore avenues to invest in, and promote, carbon-reducing technology in production processes to mitigate against the effects and degradation of the environment.
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Odugbesan, Jamiu Adetola, and Husam Rjoub. "Relationship Among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission, and Urbanization: Evidence From MINT Countries." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (2020): 215824402091464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914648.
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This study aimed at examining the synergy among economic growth, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, urbanization, and energy consumption in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) countries. Yearly data from 1993 to 2017, which were sourced from World Bank Development Indicators, were employed, and the analysis was performed by employing the ARDL Bounds test approach. The findings from the study reveal that the energy–growth hypothesis that assumed unidirectional causality from energy consumption was true for Nigeria and Indonesia, whereas Mexico and Turkey followed the feedback hypothesis, which indicates a bidirectional relationship. Meanwhile, all the MINT countries show a long-run relationship from economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions to urbanization. The study suggests that the policymakers in MINT countries should develop an energy conservation policy that will enhance the potential growth of their economy. More so, there is a need to promote green industries. Finally, to ensure sustainable urbanization in MINT countries, concerted efforts need to be made to ensure the reduction in the urbanization level, so as to ensure the sustainability of the urbanization, but without compromising the economic growth, through the formulation of policies that will ensure the decrease in CO2 emissions to achieve quality environment.
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Siregar, Suci Wulandari, and Hasbi. "Analisis Pengaruh Keterbukaan Perdagangan, Konsumsi Energi, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Emisi Karbon di Negara D-8." Jurnal Magister Ekonomi Syariah 2, no. 1 Juni (2023): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jmes.2023.021-05.
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Carbon emissions are one of the main causes of global climate change. High carbon emissions can hinder long-term economic growth. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Trade Openness, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth variables on CO2 Emissions in D-8 countries (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey) during the period of 1992 to 2021 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) panel model. The results of the study indicate that Economic Growth in D-8 countries has a positive long-term effect on CO2 Emissions but has no short-term effect. The Energy Consumption variable has a short-term effect on CO2 Emissions. However, Trade Openness does not have a short-term or long-term effect on CO2 Emissions. Therefore, it is expected that D-8 countries pay attention to policies that encourage investment in renewable energy, incentives for energy efficiency, and regulations that reduce emissions from specific sectors, which can help achieve sustainable and low-carbon economic growth.
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Oni, Oluwasola, and Oluwaseun Babatunde. "Energy consumption of manufacturing sector: a search for sustainable energy source in Nigeria." Caleb International Journal of Development Studies 06, no. 01 (2023): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cijds-2023-06-01-08.
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Manufacturing companies in a bid to realize high-quality development, figure out how to make the most use of their materials and improve their operating processes in a sustainable way. With an emphasis on sustainable energy practices that lessen reliance on fossil fuels and cut CO2 emissions, this study examines the relationship between energy consumption, manufacturing output, and economic growth in Nigeria. The study examines the effects of natural gas, renewable biofuels, fuel oil, gas/diesel, gasoline, and electricity on manufacturing production using time series data covering 1990 to 2019. It employed an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model estimate technique. The short-run dynamics and long-run relationships are examined in the ARDL model. In the short-run motor gasoline, natural gas renewable biofuel, gas/diesel and fuel oil are economically and statistically significant both in the current year and up to the second lagged period. While the ARDL bound test reveals that there is cointegration among the variable in the long run. Renewable biofuels and fuel oil are the only variables that have a direct and statistically significant positive relationship with GDP manufacturing output. Therefore, increasing the use of these energy sources is likely to increase the output of GDP manufacturing in the long run. According to the Granger Causality Test, there is a bidirectional relationship between manufacturing output and both gasoline and renewable biofuel. In contrast, there is a Granger causality relationship between manufacturing output and gas/diesel and electricity. Furthermore, the test indicates that manufacturing GDP only has a Granger cause renewable biofuel. The findings show the individual effects of the renewable biofuel energy source and thus its importance viz-a-viz reduction of CO2 emissions, sustainability, sufficiency in capacity (in Nigeria context) can increased Gross Domestic Product (GDP) manufacturing output. It is therefore recommended that policymakers ensure a switch and make available renewable biofuel sources.
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Aiyedogbon, John O., David Dauda Ogwuche, and Nanbal Joel Zuhumben. "Impact of Environmental Degradation on Economic Growth: Testing the Environmental." American Journal of Environmental Economics 3, no. 1 (2024): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v3i1.3243.
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Looking at the contribution of economic activity in the country, it is seen to add robustness to growth and development, but in contrast give birth to greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as CO2 CO2 which is also called carbon dioxid, CH4 which is also called methane, and N2O represent nitrous oxide. The factors influencing Greenhouse gas emissions include rising of population, upward movement of per capita output and consumption, infrastructural development made about infrastructures, human character, and innovation. However, if mitigation efforts are not enough, climate change would most likely lead to a slowdown the upward movement. Thus, the study examined the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and examined the impact of environmental degradation on economic growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2022 using that lens. Based on the estimated ARDL regression result, environmental degradation as determined by carbon dioxide emissions (kt) and economic growth are negatively correlated. The negative indication indicated that economic growth will decline by roughly -0.455% and -0.893% over the medium and long terms, respectively, as carbon emissions rise. The findings indicated that there is validity to Nigeria’s Environmental Kuznets Curve, which demonstrates how environmental deterioration impedes economic progress. Similarly, a positive indication indicating a one-period lag in carbon emissions showed that, in the short term, economic growth increases by around 0.948% in tandem with rising carbon emissions. Thus, the paper illustrated an inverse U-shaped interaction between environmental degradation and economic growth, with healthy economy initially related with increased emissions. However, the majority of the control variable estimates deviate from theoretical expectations. On the other hand, a positive and statistically significant one-period lagged coefficient of trade openness suggests that trade openness looks to support and encourage economic growth in the short run. Similarly, during the period under consideration in Nigeria, the short-run economic growth is positively and strongly correlated with the one-period lagged coefficient of gross fixed capital formation. The report suggested boosting energy efficiency in the world’s energy mix in order to lower greenhouse gas emissions, which are the main contributors to climate change. Therefore, in order to prevent the development of closed-form relationships that could result in a slowdown in economic growth, Nigerian government agencies that are responsible for implementing national and international environmental rules should proceed with caution.
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Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday, Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi, Husam Rjoub, Mirela Panait, and Catalin Popescu. "Asymmetric Impact of International Trade on Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions in MINT Nations." Energies 14, no. 20 (2021): 6581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206581.
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The association between carbon emissions and international trade has been examined thoroughly; however, consumption-based carbon emissions, which is adjusted for international trade, have not been studied extensively. Therefore, the present study assesses the asymmetric impact of trade (import and export) and economic growth in consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) using the MINT nations (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) as a case study. We applied the Nonlinear ARDL to assess this connection using dataset between 1990 and 2018. The outcomes from the BDS test affirmed the use of nonlinear techniques. Furthermore, the NARDL bounds test confirmed long-run association between CCO2 and exports, imports and economic growth. The outcomes from the NARDL long and short-run estimates disclosed that positive (negative) shocks in imports increase (decrease) CCO2 emissions in all the MINT nations. Moreover, positive (negative) shocks in exports decrease (increase) CCO2 emissions in all the MINT nations. As expected, a positive shock in economic growth triggers CCO2 emissions while a negative shift does not have significant impact on CCO2 emissions in the MINT nations. Furthermore, we applied the Gradual shift causality test and the outcomes disclose that imports and economic growth can predict CCO2 emissions in the MINT nations. The study outcomes have significant policy recommendations for policymakers in the MINT nations.
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Baseerat Sultana and Abdul Mansoor. "DETERMINING THE ROLE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND AIR POLLUTION ON PAKISTAN’S ECONOMIC GROWTH: APPLICATION OF AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTIVE LAG MODEL (ARDL)." Journal of Economic Info 7, no. 3 (2020): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jei.v7i3.1513.
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 The goals of the study are to observe the impact of energy consumption, CO2 emission on Pakistan’s economic growth by using and annual time series data from 1980 to 2016. The Auto regressive lag distributive (ARDL) model is applied to find out the correlation between the variables. The short run elasticity shows that CO2 emission, fossil fuel and hydro energy consumption decreases Pakistan’s economic growth, while nuclear energy consumption and electric power consumption substantially increases GDP per capita of the country. In the long run, nuclear energy consumption and electric power generation support country’s economic growth, which need more friendly environmental policies to reduce high mass carbon emissions in a country.
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Ayadi, Folorunso Sunday. "FUEL SUBSIDY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES IN NIGERIA." Caleb Journal of Social and Management Science 5, no. 1 (2020): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cjsms2020050102.
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This study investigates the impact of energy subsidy, energy consumption, urbanization, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade openness on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gases in Nigeria. Based on the method of cointegration and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), the study utilized data from 1970 to 2018 for the analysis. The study found fossil fuel consumption, economic growth, trade openness and PMS Price (a proxy for subsidy) as significantly increasing emission (Carbon dioxide) in Nigeria. The implication is that as that as the prices of PMS goes up (due to subsidy reduction), more of fuel is consumed. Our analysis demonstrated that PMS is price inelastic in Nigeria. In addition, subsidy or its removal will have no impact on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gas emission in Nigeria. The study recommends the development of cleaner, renewable fuels and the development of abatement technology so as to mitigate the environmental impacts of growth. In addition, since the reduction in subsidy has no deterrent impact on fossil fuel consumption in Nigeria, then the recent removal of fossil fuel subsidy in Nigeria is a welcome development at least for the environment.
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Nghiem, Le Hoang, Dang Bac Hai, Tran Thi Diem Nga, and Su Thi Oanh Hoa. "The effectiveness of Vietnamese policies response to climate change through ARDL analysis." HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 11, no. 2 (2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.en.11.2.1435.2021.
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Being a highly vulnerable country due to climate change, Vietnam has issued various climate policies while trying to keep the pace of economic growth. The study evaluates the effectiveness of these policies by examining the effect of economic and energy factors in the efforts of controlling CO2 emissions. Approach by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis, the model of a linear regression between CO2 emissions and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) & sources of energy consumption has been developed from 1985 to 2018. The study indicates that the economic factor as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a possible significant element to mitigate the emission. In addition, sources of energy consumption have the important role of controlling CO2 emissions. In the long run, the consumption of non - renewable energy is a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions while renewable energy is vice versa. These outcomes show the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and renewable energy consumption factors lead to the decrease of CO2 emissions in the long run for Vietnam, which implies the co-exist of economic growth and decarbonization.
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Gessesse, Abrham Tezera, and Ge He. "Analysis of carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in China." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 4 (2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/258/2019-agricecon.
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This study examines the nexus of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption (EC) and gross domestic products (GDP), using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach of co-integration and error-correction model (ECM) for the period 1971–2015. The aim of the research is to i) examine the relationship between CO2 and GDP as “cross-coupling, relative decoupling, or absolute decoupling,” and validate the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis; ii) detect causality between CO2 emissions, EC, and GDP, and scrutinize their impacts. The ARDL results confirm a long-run and short-run co-integration relationship between the variables. The relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP is “relatively decoupling,” and the EKC exists in China. Its CO2 emissions are more explained by EC and contribute twofold of GDP. In the long run, there was significant negative causality from CO2 emission and GDP to EC. This indicates Chinese economic development structure should be re-designed towards energy-saving and decarbonized economic structure. Moreover, the central and provincial governments of China should synchronize optimal energy utilization and green economic structure to mitigate environmental deterioration and climate change.
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Ahmad, Tusawar Iftikhar, Mabrooka Altaf, and Kokab Kiran. "Analyzing the long run linkage between Population, Economic Development and Energy Consumption on Carbon emissions of ASEAN Nations." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 1, no. 1 (2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0003.
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This study examined the effect of population, energy consumption, economic development on environment degradation in the context of ASEAN countries. For this purpose, the study used the panel data of nine ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam) from 1995 to 2018 with the help of the World Development Indicators (WDI) dataset. Panel FMOLS and Panel ARDL methodology are used to examine the econometric model. ARDL results show that economic growth increases the emission of carbon dioxide which means economic development makes the environment unhealthy, moreover it confirmed the validity of the EKC hypothesis for ASEAN countries. There is a long-term positive impact of GDP and the consumption of energy on CO2 emission. In contrast, the impact of population growth is significant on the per capita emission of carbon dioxide. However, the emission of carbon dioxide hurts economic growth in the long run. Consequently, emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced, and economic growth can be sustainable by using low carbon emission technologies such as renewable energy.
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Bhat, Aaqib Ahmad, and Prajna Paramita Mishra. "The Kyoto Protocol and CO2 emission: is India still hibernating?" Indian Growth and Development Review 11, no. 2 (2018): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-10-2017-0080.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between CO2 emission and its core determinants, namely, economic growth, energy consumption and trade openness in the pre- and post-Kyoto Protocol era in the Indian economy. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the ARDL bounds test to analyze the long-run and short-run empirical relationship between the interested variables for the time period 1971-2013. A dummy variable representing the Kyoto Protocol regime has been included to examine the likely impact of international climate policies (Kyoto Protocol) in controlling and reducing CO2 emission in India. Findings The empirical results indicate the possibility of increase in CO2 emission from India even after the Kyoto Protocol regime. Evidence of inverted U-shaped relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth (EKC hypothesis) has been confirmed. However, compared to increase in CO2 emission, the magnitude of decrease due to improvement in economic growth is relatively lesser. Energy consumption and trade openness are also found to increase CO2 emission. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that there is a lack of commitment on the part of India to curtail CO2 emission, which can be disastrous for future prosperity. Financing the renewable electricity generation, R&D subsidy and tax-free renewable energy seems to be imperative to address this catastrophic problem. Originality/value This study is the first attempt to analyze the impact of international climate policy (Kyoto Protocol) on CO2 emission by incorporating a fixed dummy in the ARDL specifications.
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Rahman, Mohammad Rifat, Md Mufidur Rahman, and Roksana Akter. "Exploring the link between green energy, CO2 emissions, exchange rate and economic growth: Perspective from emerging South Asian countries." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 12, no. 5 (2023): 930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.53168.
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This paper investigates the nexus between renewable energy use, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development within emerging South Asian nations, namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. It examines annual data spanning from 1990 to 2019, examining key indicators of renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development. The ARDL bounds test results demonstrate the existence of co-integration among the variables in the long run. The empirical result finds that the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate have a significant impact on economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the long run. In India no significant relationship found in the long run. In short run assessment, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka also found same relationship with economic growth and renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate. Interestingly, In Pakistan no significant relationship has found in short run estimation analysis. Furthermore, study tried to determine the causality direction by using the Toda Yamamoto granger causality approach, which reveals bidirectional causation between exchange rate and CO2 emission in India. In Pakistan, study also found bi-directional causality among the variables renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth. Finally, this paper emphasizes developing the policy as well as making a concrete decision regarding the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development for ensuring sustainable economic growth in South Asian region. Future research could extend this work by including different dimensional data, additional countries, or using alternative or supplementary modeling techniques.
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Banday, Umer Jeelanie, and Ranjan Aneja. "Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions: evidence from G7 countries." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 16, no. 1 (2019): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-01-2018-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find out the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions for the G7 countries over the period 1971–2014. The second intent of the paper is to make a comparison whether it is renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, or both that determine sustainable economic growth in G7 countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors testify the relationship among energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions using numerous econometric techniques. The authors have applied pooled mean group autoregressive distribution model (ARDL) for long-run and short-run relationships for individual countries. Finally, the authors have applied Granger causality testing based on Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) and Emirmahmutoglu and Kose’s (2011) approach in order to check the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, CO2 emission and economic growth and vice versa. Findings However, energy usage is a greater concern due to the increase in imported energy prices. With this preposition, new thinking needs to be carried out for energy usage and sustainable economic growth. The authors consider cross-sectional reliance and cross-country heterogeneity for seven developed countries. The tests utilized in this investigation include the bootstrap causality approach of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) and LA–VAR approach of Toda and Yamamoto (1995) that permits testing the causality for every individual panel individuals independently. However, not very many empirical works bring these two separate streams of writing together to analyze the causal connections between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emission for G7 countries. Originality/value However, energy usage is a greater concern due to the increase in imported energy prices. Meanwhile, the exhaustive use of fossil fuels increases emission level which leads to climate change, global warming, reduction in agriculture productivity and danger to human life. With this preposition, new thinking needs to be carried out for energy usage and sustainable economic growth. There are limited number of studies addressing energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emission relationship. This study employs different methodology to find out the relationship among the variables.
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Myszczyszyn, Janusz, and Błażej Suproń. "Relationship among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission, and Urbanization: An Econometric Perspective Analysis." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249647.
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The key goal of this research was to figure out the short and long run relationship between environmental degradation caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption, the level of GDP economic growth, and urbanization in the Visegrad Region countries (V4). The study used data from the years 1996–2020. In the methodological area, ARDL bound test, and ARDL and ECM models were used to determine the directions and strength of interdependence. The results show that in the case of some V4 countries (Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary), changes in the urbanization rate affect CO2 emissions. Moreover, it was confirmed that the phenomenon of urbanization influences the enhanced energy consumption in the studied countries. In the case of individual countries, these relationships were varied, both unidirectional and bidirectional. Their nature was also varied—there were both long and short-term relationships. These findings suggest that the V4 countries should increase renewable and ecological energy sources. It is also recommended to enhancement energy savings in the areas of both individual and industrial consumption by promoting low-emission solutions. This should be done while considering changes in urbanization.
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Chishti, Seemab Zahra, Muhammad Hasnain Ali, Madiha Khan, and Muhammad Sabih ul Hassan. "The Influence of Economic Growth and Energy Consumption on Environmental Degradation in Pakistan." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 3, no. 1 (2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2022.0301.0023.
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Globalization has substantial influence on the environmental issues and consequently on the economic activities of a country. Environmental problems are more prominent in developing countries. With the growing development, the issue of environmental degradation is also enhanced. The non-renewable energy consumption is the main cause of environmental degradation and this problem can’t be ignored. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyze the connection among energy consumption, growth of an economy, and emission of carbon dioxide gas in Pakistan. The data is collected from World development Indicators. Autoregressive Distributed-Lag Model (ARDL) is used for the analysis. The outcomes of ARDL technique stipulate that energy consumption and growth of an economy rise the emission of CO2 in Pakistan. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that policy makers in Pakistan must implement and encourage different sources of energy, which are renewable and will support to fulfill the huge demand of energy to boost the economy and to contribute in a sustainable environment of Pakistan.
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Bahadır, Seda. "Analyzing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in terms of Airplane Transport: Empirical Examination for Baltic States." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (2022): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13503.
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The main goal of this paper is to investigate the long-term nexus among energy consumption, economic growth, civil aviation, and CO2 emissions by performing the ARDL, DOLS and Panel data analysis for Baltic countries including Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania from 1992 to 2021 within the context of EKC hypothesis. The long-term ARDL and DOLS models result indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the air transport, CO2, GDP, and energy consumption for Estonia from 1992 to 2021. On the other hand, the impact of independent variables containing air transport, GDP, and energy consumption on CO2 emission is demonstrated empirically from 1992 to 2021 which is affirmed the EKC hypothesis for Baltic countries through panel data analysis. According to empirical findings, legal arrangements should be made for the production and use of alternative fuels by policy makers in order to provide economic and social benefits in terms of reduction environmental pollution. Low-emission fuels and hybrid or electric vehicles must be used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as a solution for environmental degredation in Baltic countries.
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Nur Sahara, Sharly Jihannisa, and Hadi Rahadian. "The Effects of Economic Growth, Financial Development, Trade Openness, and Energy Consumption on CO2 Emission in Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 21, no. 2 (2024): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v21i2.22163.
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This study investigates the effects of economic growth, financial development, trade openness, and energy consumption in Indonesia from 1980 to 2020. The analytical method used is autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) modeling. The data for the study is sourced from official websites such as the World Bank, Our World in Data, and British Petroleum. The study findings show that economic growth and energy consumption increase CO2 emissions in Indonesia in both the short and long run. On the other hand, financial development and trade openness significantly reduce CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the long run. In the short run, trade openness also helps decrease CO2 emissions in Indonesia. However, the financial development variable does not significantly impact CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the short run.
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Gillani, Seemab, and Baserat Sultana. "Empirical Relationship between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from ASEAN Countries." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 1, no. 2 (2020): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0102.0008.
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This study tested the EKC (environment Kuznets curve) framework for selected 9 ASEAN countries of the time period of 1970-2019. The EKC framework hypothesis checked under 2 linkages, first one is to examine the relationship between energy consumption, GDP and CO2 and the other one is energy consumption, GDP square and CO2. The study examines both long and short run effect of energy consumption, GDP, square of GDP on carbon emission. Firstly, used Levin Lin Chu and Lm Pasaran panel unit root test to check the order of integration of indicators further for short and long run estimates are examined by panel Auto Regressive Distributive lag (ARDL / PMG). Results of LLC, Lm Pesaran, reveals that the variables have mixed integration order. Due to the mixed order of integration, PMG results showed a rise in energy consumption by 1%, caused a rise in emissions by 0.8377%. Carbon emission (CO2) decreased by 0.1622%, by increase the square of economic growth while increasing economic growth by 1%, leading to boosts carbon emissions by 2.05%. The negative and positive effect of GDP and square of economic growth approve the EKC theory. Furthermore, this study suggests that to maintain sustainable economic expansion goals policy makers ensure the use of sustainable energy sources (renewable energy) to maximize growth of country and minimize carbon emission. It results carbon sequestration, protect green environment and safe lives.
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Perwithosuci, Winny, Mahrus Lutfi Adi Kurniawan, and Trian Gigih Kuncoro. "CARBON EMISSIONS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDONESIA: AN AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG MODEL." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (EK&BI) 7, no. 2 (2024): 454. https://doi.org/10.37600/ekbi.v7i2.1743.
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This research aims to analyze the effect of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), oil consumption, and hydroelectricity generation on emission in Indonesia from 1986-2022. The data are generated from World Bank and British Petroleum. This study employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to estimate the secondary data. Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) is treated as dependent variable, while economic growth, FDI inflows, oil consumption, and hydroelectricity generation are treated as independent variables. The results revealed that economic growth positively affect CO2 in the short run. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) affect CO2 negatively but not significant on CO2. The result implies that the Pollution Halo is exist. Oil consumption affect CO2 positively significant both in short and long run. Furthermore, hydroelectricity generation as renewable energy affects CO2 negatively in the short run and positively in the long run but not significant. The result suggests to the stakeholders to enhance the innovation of the renewable energy to decline the CO2 emssions. Further, this study surely provides a new model in estimating the determinant of CO2 emissions as a proxy of environmental degradation especially in Indonesia.
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Odhiambo, Nicholas M. "Economic Growth And Carbon Emissions In South Africa: An Empirical Investigation." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 7 (2011): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i7.4668.
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In this paper we examine the causal relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in South Africa - using the newly developed ARDL-Bounds testing approach. We incorporate energy consumption in a bivariate causality setting between CO2 emissions and economic growth, thereby creating a simple trivariate model. Our empirical results show that there is a distinct unidirectional causal flow from economic growth to carbon emissions in South Africa. We also find that energy consumption Granger-causes both carbon emissions and economic growth. We recommend that energy conservation policies, as well as appropriate forms of renewable energy, should be explored in South Africa in order to enable the country to reduce its carbon emission footprint without necessarily sacrificing its output growth. The results apply irrespective of whether the causality is estimated in the short or in the long run.
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Farabi, Ahmad, Zamroni Zamroni, Dini Oktarina Dwi Handayani, and Rahmat Heru Setianto. "Sustainable Development in Indonesia: A Study of Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, FDI, and Gross Capital Formation." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 14, no. 2 (2024): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.15424.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how the consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy, CO2 emissions, FDI, and gross capital formation affect the GDP per capita in the case of Indonesia. This study employs cointegration and ARDL to estimate the short and long-run coefficient which is preceded by ADF and PP unit root test using the annual time series data from 1960 to 2021. The result of the estimation shows that in the long run non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 emission, and FDI impact the economic growth of Indonesia directly. Meanwhile, in the short run, the estimation result reveals that non-renewable energy and FDI are positive and statistically significantly affected the economic growth of Indonesia. Renewable energy hasn't yet been found to have a substantial impact on Indonesia's economic growth. This research offers novel perspectives on how nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and FDI impact the economic growth. The findings provide valuable implications for Indonesia to develop long-term policies that can enhance the positive effects of energy consumption and CO2 emissions on economic growth in the future. The involvement of FDI in the model also become the novelty of this study to examine the impact of FDI to economic growth.
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Iqbal, Shahid, and Hafiza Iram Naseem. "Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-Term Relations and Short-Term Dynamics." Summer 2023 4, no. 3 (2023): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.767528555.
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In the current study, researchers have examined the association among consumption of energy, emission of carbon, and economic growth and investigated along with indicators such as urban population growth and rural population growth, whose data exist from the period 1981-2022. used (ADF) unite root test, ARDL, and bound test. The results based on ARDL models show that a unidirectional long-term relation exists between the variables being examined. In the short term, there is a strong and significant relationship between energy consumption (EC) and carbon emissions with economic gcorowth (GDP). The findings suggest that in Pakistan, energy is a factor for both short and long-term economic growth. Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and rural population growth, while the urban population also influences economic growth. The outcome of these empirical findings suggests that the country should aim at increasing energy consumption with minimum impacts of pollution and achieve energy security. Priority should be given to energy management that combines demand and supply factors. Efforts should be made to promote an adequate energy mix that includes clean, renewable energy and improve energy efficiency in a holistic framework. Environmental degradation, energy consumption, and urbanization policies must be adapted to achieve energy self-sufficiency together with minimum CO2 emissions.
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Ahmat, Nizam, Shanthini Christopher, Jumadil Saputra, Muhammad Najit Sukemi, and Mohd Nasir Nawawi. "The Impact of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Non-Renewable Energy on Carbon Dioxide Emission in Malaysia." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 15, no. 1 (2024): 143–52. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.17350.
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Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and economic growth are increasingly affecting the climate and temperature of the earth. Large amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased the greenhouse effect and global warming. By 2020, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased to 48% above its pre-industrial level. The main objectives of this study are to determine the level and the pattern of the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Also, this study examines the long-term and short-term impacts of energy consumption, economic growth, and non-renewable energy on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia. Due to increased industrialization, Malaysia faces significant problems, such as environmental pollution. This study uses annual time series data from 1986 to 2021 and is analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach. The study suggests that energy consumption, economic growth, and non-renewable energy positively impact carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results through dynamic ARDL indicate that energy consumption, economic growth, and non-renewable energy positively impact Malaysia’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the short-run and long run. The error correction model (ECM) provides short- run shocks in these variables and establishes equilibrium relations in the long run. Therefore, policymakers should consider implementing a carbon tax to be enforced on polluters to prevent ecological pollution at a minimum for the short-term regulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
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Tao, Hai, Hailin Mu, Nan Li, and Peng Wang. "Alternative Energy and CO2 Emission in China: Evidence from Bounds Testing and Vector Error Correction Model Approach." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083436.
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This empirical study investigates the dynamic interconnection between fossil fuel consumption, alternative energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emissions in China over the 1981 to 2020 time period within a multivariate framework. The long-term relationships between the sequences are determined through the application of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test and augmented by the Johansen maximum likelihood procedure. The causal relationships between the variables are tested with the Granger causality technique based on the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Empirical results reveal the existence of a statistically significant negative relationship between alternative energy consumption and carbon emissions in the long-term equilibrium. Furthermore, the VECM results demonstrate that both carbon emissions and fossil fuel consumption have unidirectional effects on economic growth. Additionally, the study highlights a short-term unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth to alternative energy consumption. These findings suggest that a reduction in fossil fuel consumption in the short run may indirectly impede the development of alternative energy. The study proposes that China should expedite the development of alternative energy and control the expansion of fossil fuel consumption to attain its carbon reduction target without hindering economic growth.
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Hussein, Hassan Abdikadir, Abdimalik Ali Warsame, Galad Mohamed Barre, and Mohamed Ahmed Salad. "The Nexus between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Degradation in Kenya." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 6 (2023): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14293.
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Energy is a crucial component of productivity and is regarded as an engine for economic growth. In countries where more energy is consumed, the standard of living is frequently higher. Yet utilizing energy also leads to the emission of harmful greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and sulphur dioxide emissions (SO2). In this regard, this study examines the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental degradation in Kenya using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) from 1990 to 2019. The empirical results find that energy consumption and economic growth increase CO2 emissions both in the short- and long-run in Kenya except for economic growth which is inconsequential in the short run. However, the study suggests the implementation of environmental regulations that would contribute in lowering pollution emissions. In addition, implementing policies that encourage investing in cleaner energy sources will reduce environmental pollution. The Kenyan policymakers should undertake various technological, behavioural, and other changes to increase its economy's overall energy efficiency.
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Ojaghlou, Mortaza, Erginbay Ugurlu, Marta Kadłubek, and Eleftherios Thalassinos. "Economic Activities and Management Issues for the Environment: An Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and STIRPAT Analysis in Turkey." Resources 12, no. 5 (2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12050057.
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The emission of air pollutants from energy production and consumption is a major cause of environmental problems. In addition, urbanisation and CO2 emissions have become major environmental concerns that are closely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic activities, and management issues for Turkey for the period between 1980 and 2021. The STIRPAT hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis were employed by using dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and ARDL bound methodologies for these goals. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between variables of the STIRPAT model. The coefficient of economic expansion and energy consumption affected CO2 emissions positively, which means that energy consumption and the expansion of economic activity have significant effects on environmental degradation. Those results are also confirmed by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model. In addition, the N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is developed for Turkey. The DCC model also shows that economic growth increases CO2 emissions significantly, and energy productivity can be considered for decreasing CO2 emissions.
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Khaliqi, M., H. R. H. Gurning, K. H. Ginting, and F. M. Siregar. "Dynamic interactions between agriculture, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: an environmental Kuznets Curve study in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1413, no. 1 (2024): 012106. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1413/1/012106.
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Abstract Indonesia’s rapid economic growth has significantly increased CO2 emissions, particularly from the energy and agricultural sectors. This study examines the interactions between agriculture, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in Indonesia using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, incorporating factors affecting environmental quality from 1990-2020. In this research using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The findings reveal inertia in CO2 emissions, with the previous year’s emissions significantly impacting current levels. GDP shows no significant effect on CO2 emissions, while renewable energy use reduces emissions, although past renewable energy use suggests a delayed impact due to the transition to clean technologies. The government should promote renewable energy through subsidies, tax incentives, and stricter emission regulations, while accelerating the shift from fossil fuels and implementing mitigation technologies for sustainable and low-carbon growth.
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Liu, Yaping, Tafazal Kumail, Wajahat Ali, and Farah Sadiq. "The dynamic relationship between CO2 emission, international tourism and energy consumption in Pakistan: a cointegration approach." Tourism Review 74, no. 4 (2019): 761–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-01-2019-0006.
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Purpose The present study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between international tourist receipts, economic growth, energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Pakistan over the period 1980-2016. Many researchers have investigated the link between tourism and CO2 emissions, but there is no clear picture as the results are contradictory. This study is an attempt to compliment the literature related to tourism and environmental quality. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model to investigate the short- and long-run estimates simultaneously. The study further applied Granger causality to find out the direction of causalities. To arrive at long-run robust estimates, the study used dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) model. Findings The results found that tourist receipts have no significant impact on environmental quality, while growth and energy consumption are the main determinants of CO2 emissions in Pakistan. The Granger causality test confirmed unidirectional causalities from GDP and energy consumption toward CO2 emissions, while tourist receipts do not affect environmental quality. DOLS technique confirmed the long-run estimates of ARDL model. Research limitations/implications The result of the study complements the literature by adding new evidence regarding the nexus of tourism and environment. Findings of the study are important for policymakers and regulatory bodies to place their focus on the development of tourism sector (services sector) rather than energy-intensive manufacturing activities to sustain the growth of the country in higher quartiles, as tourism receipts have no significant negative externalities toward environment, while energy use is one of the key determinants of environmental degradation. Originality/value This study used time series data over the period 1980-2016 for Pakistan to inspect the dynamic relationship between tourist receipts, economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions.
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ADEKUNLE, Wasiu, Beatrice O. OMO-IKIRODAH, Olutosin COLLINS, et al. "Analysis of Environmental Degradation and Its Determinants in Nigeria: New Evidence from ARDL and Causality Approaches." Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields 13, no. 1 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v13.1(25).05.
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This paper extends the previous studies to re-examine the functional relations and causal links between environmental degradation and its possible determinants in Nigeria, covering 1977 to 2015. With the aid of ARDL model estimation, the study found a positive relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation (measured by carbon emission). A positive relation was also established between energy consumption and carbon emission. Similarly, this study reported a positive relationship between transport services in the import and export sectors and carbon emission. Through the Granger causality test, the study established a unidirectional causality running from carbon emission to economic growth. Similarly, there was a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to transport services in the export sector. Based on these findings, there is an increasing need for the authorities to regulate economic activities that directly and indirectly contribute to systematic environmental degradation in Nigeria.
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Abubakar, Hammayo, and Kamal Tasiu Abdullahi. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria: The Role of Financial Development." American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 2 (2022): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.55284/ajssh.v7i2.736.
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This study examines the effect of carbon dioxide emissions on economic growth, including investigating whether the CO2-economic growth relationship is dependent on financial development in Nigeria between 1980 and 2020. Due to dwindling economic growth, Nigeria experienced two recessions in one decade. Besides poor growth rates, Nigeria remains a leading emitter of CO2 in the Sub-Saharan region. The motivation for this study derived from the rising level of carbon dioxide emissions in Nigeria which might affect economic growth by dwindling agricultural activities (low output) in some regions, pose health challenges and create a shortage of inputs to agro-allied industries. Hence, this paper attempted to see if there was a causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, financial development, and economic growth in Nigeria. The relationship between the variables was examined using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag estimation technique (ARDL) estimation method. The framework for this study has its basis in the endogenous growth theory and utilizes the growth and pollution stock model which showed that sustainable economic growth is influenced by a large stock of pollution (CO2 emission). The results of the boundaries test for cointegration showed a long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, economic expansion, financial development, and energy use. According to empirical data, CO2 emissions have little long-term impact on economic growth. However, there is evidence that the interaction of CO2 emissions and financial development promotes economic growth over the long term, suggesting that CO2 emissions only have an economic influence when there is financial development.
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Allifah, Siti, Yusman Syaukat, and Pini Wijayanti. "Mampukah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Mendorong Green Economy untuk Indonesia?" Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 21, no. 3 (2023): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.3.647-658.
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Attention to the negative impact of economic growth on the environment has emerged in the green economy paradigm. The utilization of hydropower can achieve green energy as part of green econony. To analyze the role of hydropower in driving Indonesia's green energy, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was employed. The results show that increased electricity production from hydropower will reduce environmental damage. Meanwhile, the use of fossil fuels will harm the environment for short and long periods. Indonesia is still in a scale of effect because environmental damage indicated by CO2 emission continuously increases due to economic activities. In addition, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. This means that Indonesia needs a sustainable economic growth. In addition, there is a bidirectional relationship between electricity production from hydropower and CO2 emissions. At the same time, a unidirectional causality presents from GDP to electricity production from hydropower, coal consumption to GDP, and consumption of oil and natural gas to CO2 emissions. The Indonesian government needs to establish policies which reduces consumption of fossil fuels, increases the investors’s interest in renewable energy, and expands the economic capacity to reach the expected turning point of the economic growth.
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Rahman, Habib-ur, Ahmad Ghazali, Ghulam Ali Bhatti, and Safdar Ullah Khan. "Role of Economic Growth, Financial Development, Trade, Energy and FDI in Environmental Kuznets Curve for Lithuania: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach." Engineering Economics 31, no. 1 (2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.1.22087.
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This paper examines the long-run relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and economic growth, financial development, trade, energy consumption, and foreign direct investment in the case of Lithuania by employing time series data of 1989-2018. In particular, this paper aims to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship for economic growth and financial development holds or not. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure is employed for the empirical analysis. The results validate the existence of EKC in the long-run as well as in the short-run since there is an inverted U-shaped relation between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Conversely, we could not validate the EKC relationship between CO2 emissions and financial development. Trade and energy consumption are other significant determinants of CO2 emissions. The causality analysis results show that unidirectional causality runs from economic growth to CO2 emissions and trade to CO2 emissions. The validity of the EKC hypothesis indicates that Lithuania can achieve short-term, medium-term, and long-term climate change mitigation and adoption goals and objectives approved by the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania without deteriorating its economic growth.
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Tan, Wenting. "Estimating the multiple impacts on CO2 emissions for BRICS and ASEAN countries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1152, no. 1 (2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1152/1/012004.
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Abstract This paper employ the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) and tool of co-integration for exploring the causality between CO2 emissions, GDP, the renewable energy consumption, the resource rent and environmentally related technological innovation in BRICS and ASEAN countries over the period 1990–2019. Empirical results show that: (1) Economic growth and CO2 emissions are positively correlated, which show statistical significance both at short and long time, whether the five BRICS countries, the six ASEAN countries or the whole sample, and show positive causal relation between economic development and CO2 emissions. (2) Between the resource rent, the renewable energy consumption, and environmentally related technological innovation,which exist both positive and negative relationships with CO2 emission for the five BRICS countries and the six ASEAN countries, and show different effects both the short and long time. (3) This paper explores the feasibility of reducing CO2 emissions and improving sustainable economic growth in the five BRICS and six ASEAN countries.
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Thanh, Le Trung, and Nguyen Duc Khuong. "Factors Affecting C02 Emission in Vietnam: a Panel Data Analysis." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 8, no. 2 (2017): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2019.8.2.01.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the major factors in the process of economic growth that influence the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Vietnam. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to evaluate the impact based on Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and Pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in 1990–2011. The results indicate that the economic growth, energy consumption, financial development and trade openness positively influence the CO2 emissions, whereas foreign direct investment has a negative impact in the short term. Coefficient of joining ASEAN is not statistically significant. The findings of this study also support the validity of EKC and PHH in the Vietnamese economy. Therefore, it is important to use green energy, examine requirements for foreign investment and adopt trade-related measures and policies to increase environmental protection.
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Thanh, Le Trung, and Nguyen Duc Khuong. "Factors Affecting C02 Emission in Vietnam: a Panel Data Analysis." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 8, no. 2 (2017): 244–57. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2017.8.2.01.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the major factors in the process of economic growth that influence the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Vietnam. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to evaluate the impact based on Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and Pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in 1990–2011. The results indicate that the economic growth, energy consumption, financial development and trade openness positively influence the CO2 emissions, whereas foreign direct investment has a negative impact in the short term. Coefficient of joining ASEAN is not statistically significant. The findings of this study also support the validity of EKC and PHH in the Vietnamese economy. Therefore, it is important to use green energy, examine requirements for foreign investment and adopt trade-related measures and policies to increase environmental protection.
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Minhajuddin, Sumaira, and Brekhana Gul. "Economic Sustainability and CO2 Emission in Pakistan: Revisiting the EKC Hypothesis." Global Economics Review VI, no. I (2021): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-i).18.
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he public concern over the environmental degradation has received an increasing interest of the researchers in the last few decades. This paper intends to scrutinize the EKC hypothesis within the framework of the ARDL model over the period of 1976-2020. Along with ECM, different types of appropriate tests are also carried for the purpose of diagnosing the data and recognizing the pattern of causality. Findings reveal that growth in GDP per capita deteriorates the carbon emission at the initial stages of development but as economy grows it then helps in improving the quality of the environment. For environmental sustainability, the required level of growth threshold is calculated to be 4.61 Percent. This study also finds one-way causality running from GDP and energy consumption to CO2. Findings suggest that policymakers should concentrate on enhancing the consumption of renewable energies, implementing carbon-cutting policies in industries, and boosting the level of per capita income.
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Fayaz, Muhammad, Wajid Kabir, Abdullah Tariq, Muhammad Ijaz Rasheed, Sajjad Ahmad, and Zia Ur Rehman. "The moderating role of energy consumption in the relationship between trade openness and environmental degradation: evidence from Pakistan and China." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 8, no. 2 (2024): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/8.2.6.
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Every country wants to accomplish the sustainable development goal. For this reason, each country protects the environment, expressing widespread concern over environmental degradation. Furthermore, trade is the most essential component of economic growth, and energy is the primary source of production and environmental degradation. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the moderating effect of energy consumption on the link between trade openness and environmental degradation in the case of China and Pakistan. It will utilise data from 1990 to 2020 and employ ARDL and Granger causality estimation techniques. This study revealed that energy consumption and GDP growth are constructive. At the same time, inflow, FDI, and trade openness have negative consequences on CO2 emission in China, while all the variables have positive effects on CO2 emission in the case of Pakistan. This study confirms the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and the moderation effect of energy consumption in both countries. This study also found that there exists a one-way causality running from CO2 to energy consumption and trade openness to CO2 in the case of China. This study suggested focusing on screening and identifying environmentally friendly enterprises.
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Saeed, Muhammad, and Zulqarnain Haider. "Does Financial Development Advanced Environmental Quality in Thailand: Evidenced from ARDL." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 2, no. 2 (2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2021.0202.0020.
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This study investigates the long-term effects of financial-sector development, energy consumption, and economic growth on Thailand's carbon emission from 1970 to 2018. Firstly, use the conventional unit-root test, augmented Dickey-Fuller root (ADF), and (PP) Phillips-Perron unit root tests to confirm stationarity of variables. Later, Autoregressive Distributive lag (ARDL) test used to examine the cointegration level with long and short-run estimates. ARDL bound test verifies that there exists a long-run association among the model. Empirical results indicate that the financial sector improves the quality of the environment, while energy consumption inversely affects the environment. Furthermore, they indicate the presence of EKC hypothesis validation in Thailand by confirming the negative and positive effects of economic and square economic expansion towards carbon emission levels. Financial development is proxied by domestic credit to private divisions with a detrimental impact on a carbon production level. This study could pave the way for policymakers to capture the essential environmental pollutants better and develop efficient and effective energy in the presence of well-organized economic policies. That can significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the presence of economic development. It is the only research to examine the long-term influence of the financial sector on (CO2) carbon dioxide emission, using a cointegration-approach. Therefore, this research is a moderate demand to reduce the possibility of biased estimation of econometric variables and to close gaps in the existing literature.
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Huseynov, Adil, and Seyhat Bayrak Gezdim. "The Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on CO Emissions in Türkiye: Evidence from Augmented ARDL Approach." Journal of Sustainable Development Issues 2, no. 2 (2024): 89–103. https://doi.org/10.62433/josdi.v2i2.28.
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The increase in CO2 emissions, recognized as a global problem, is significantly influenced by energy consumption. Türkiye, which is among the developing countries, is a country dependent on foreign sources to meet its energy needs. Nevertheless, it satisfies its energy requirements through both renewable and non-renewable sources. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the impact of consumption from renewable and non-renewable energy sources in Türkiye between 1990 and 2020 on CO2 emissions and investigate the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. We apply the traditional and structural break unit root tests to check whether the variables are stationary. We employed the newly accepted Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to estimate the long-run relationship between variables. According to the findings, there is a U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. It means that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is not applicable in Türkiye. Moreover, it concluded that non-renewable energy consumption plays a role in emission increase, while renewable energy consumption is effective in emission reduction.
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Jama, Mohamed Abdikarim, and Hawa Abdidahir Abdi. "Towards Environmental Sustainability: Evaluating the Role of Energy Consumption, FDI, and Urbanization on Carbon Emission in Somalia: An Empirical Analysis using ARDL Bound Test." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 15, no. 1 (2024): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.17379.
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CO2 emissions stand for a global challenge due to their cross-border nature, contributing substantially to environmental degradation. Since the Industrial Revolution, affluent nations have accelerated economic growth, worsening this issue. However, this study examines the causal links between energy consumption, FDI, urbanization, and carbon emissions in Somalia from 1991 to 2020. The ARDL bounds test is used as a suitable method to estimate the long-run co-integration among the study's variables. The findings show that in the long run, energy consumption, FDI, and urbanization have a positive effect on CO2 emissions in Somalia. Additionally, economic growth contributes to carbon emissions, while trade openness helps reduce environmental pollution in the long run. Moreover, the study applied Granger causality to find out the directions of these relationships, revealing bidirectional causal links between economic growth and carbon emissions, and between urbanization and FDI. It also found unidirectional causality from carbon emissions to energy consumption, from FDI to carbon emissions, and from urbanization to CO2 emissions. The study recommended that Somali government must reconsider its energy policy to promote greener energy. Additionally, Somalia should increase investment in R&D for energy efficiency and renewable energy to minimize the carbon emissions resulting from FDI.
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Aruga, Kentaka, Md Monirul Islam, and Arifa Jannat. "Assessing the CO2 Emissions and Energy Source Consumption Nexus in Japan." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (2024): 5742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135742.
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This research investigates the variation in the impact of different energy sources on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Japan during the period from January 2019 to March 2023. The results of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model suggest that a 1% increase in energy consumption produced through the photovoltaic (PV) decreases carbon emission by 0.053% in the short-run. Conversely, a 1% increase in coal, oil, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) leads to an increase in CO2 emissions by 0.317%, 0.038%, and 0.214%, respectively. The study also reveals an inverted-U-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, represented by the Nikkei stock index. The research emphasizes the critical need for Japan to prioritize investments and incentives in renewable energy technologies such as the PV systems, which have been demonstrated to effectively reduce CO2 emissions in Japan. This is essential to uphold long-term ecological balance and to proactively support the ongoing reduction in CO2 intensity, a key objective outlined in the Paris Agreement.
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Rehman, Abdul, Mohammad Mahtab Alam, Magdalena Radulescu, Rafael Alvarado, Daniela Mihai, and Madalina Brutu. "A Novel Investigation to Explore the Impact of Renewable Energy, Urbanization, and Trade on Carbon Emission in Bhutan." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15092984.
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The present study explores the impact of renewable energy usage, economic progress, urbanization, and trade on carbon emissions in Bhutan. The stationarity among the variables was tested by employing the two unit root tests by taking the annual data series variables from 1982–2020. A symmetric (ARDL) technique was utilized to analyze the associations among variables with short- and long-run estimations. In addition, the cointegration regression method using FMOLS and DOLS was used in this investigation to discover the robustness of the study variables. Findings showed that via long-run assessment the variables renewable energy consumption, urbanization, and trade have adverse connections with CO2 emission, while the variable economic progress shows a constructive linkage with carbon emission. However, the short-run assessment showed that the variable economic growth has a positive impact on carbon emissions. Further, the variables renewable energy consumption, urbanization, and trade have an adverse relation to carbon emissions in Bhutan. The consequences of both FMOLS and DOLS also mean that the variable renewable energy usage, urbanization, and trade have an adverse influence on carbon emission, while economic growth has a constructive linkage with CO2 emission. Greenhouse gas emissions are undeniably an increasing global issue. This problem can only be handled by prudent legislation and funding. Despite having fewer greenhouse gas emissions than industrialized economies, Bhutan’s government needs to develop new rules to address this issue in order to ensure environmental sustainability and economic growth.
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Acuña-Ascencio, Rosa, Enzo Carhuamaca-Coronel, and Benoit Mougenot. "Incidence of Energy Consumption, Mining Sector and Economic Growth on CO2 Emission Levels: Evidence from Peru." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 14, no. 1 (2024): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14786.
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Environmental pollution and its harmful effects have become a growing topic of study in recent years because the exploitation of resources, rationalized by the prevailing desire for economic growth, is going to directly affect the sustainability of our existing ecosystem in the coming decades. This is considering that there are productive sectors that have a larger environmental footprint, such as the mining industry. This study focuses on establishing the relationship between the variables of energy consumption, GDP per capita, and mineral rents and their impact on the level of pollution by CO2 emissions in the period 1971–2019, using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory. To this end, we used statistical and econometric tools based on the ARDL dynamic model through a time series analysis starting from historical data. We concluded that the variables CEpc, PBIpc, and RM have deleterious effects as a 1% increase in these variables increases the level of environmental pollution by CO2 emissions by 0.724%, 0.136%, and 0.061%, respectively.
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Saleem, Mohammad, Romal Sadat, and Niamatullah Niamatullah. "The Link between Economic Growth and Co2 Emissions in Afghanistan. A Long-Run Cointegration Approach." Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences 03, ICCC(special) (2024): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.241.
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The study aims to investigate the link between CO2 emissions and economic growth in Afghanistan. Carbon dioxide emission, energy use, foreign direct investment, trade liberalization, and human capital were selected as independent variables while economic growth was selected as a dependent variable. The study collected data from 2018 to 2022 a total of 5 years. Data was collected from the world’s bank development indicators. Furthermore, the study used ARDL regression for long-term Cointegration. The results reflect that carbon dioxide emissions, foreign direct investment, and labor have a positive significant impact on the economic growth of Afghanistan. However, energy consumption and trade openness were found insignificant towards economic growth. These results suggest that, in the context of Afghanistan, a symbiotic relationship exists between economic expansion and the variables of carbon emissions, foreign direct investment, and labor.
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He, Yugang. "Promoting Environmental Sustainability: The Role of Renewable Energy Systems and Environmental Taxes." Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (2024): 7404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14167404.
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This study examines the effects of renewable energy consumption and environmental taxes on CO2 emissions in OECD countries from 1990 to 2022, employing the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach. The findings reveal that both renewable energy consumption and environmental taxes significantly reduce CO2 emissions in both the short and the long term, emphasizing their crucial roles in climate change mitigation and sustainability promotion. Furthermore, this study identifies that industrialization and urbanization contribute to increased emissions, whereas foreign direct investment aids in emission reduction through the facilitation of green technology transfer. Economic growth is initially associated with higher emissions, but this trend reverses as economies mature and adopt sustainable practices. These results highlight the importance of continuous investment in renewable energy infrastructure and the implementation of robust environmental tax policies to achieve long-term sustainability goals. The integration of environmental considerations into economic and urban planning, along with leveraging foreign direct investment for technological advancements, is imperative for balancing economic growth with the necessity to reduce carbon emissions and effectively address climate change. This research provides a better understanding of the diverse factors influencing CO2 emissions and offers critical insights for policymakers.
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Fatima, Zainab, Faisal Nadeem Shah, Bilal Bashir, and Muhammad Shazeb. "Impact of Energy Consumption and Trade on CO2 Emission in Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 4, no. 1 (2022): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei4012211.
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Trade openness is the foundation of economic growth for developed as well as underdeveloped countries. Many countries are now trying to promote their energy sector because energy is an important factor in the production process. A country can trade with other countries only if the country has a surplus of production of Goods and Services. This is the key factor for the development of a country. This study provides empirical evidence of energy use and trade openness on carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan’s economy by using annual time series data from 1976-to 2019. Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Philips Perron tests are employed to check the stationary of the variables, and the ARDL method is employed to check the long-run relationship of variables. The result explores the effect of energy on the trade openness of Pakistan. Trade is the most significant variable in both the long run and short run. The CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) becomes the cause of environmental degradation. This study recommends that government must take serious steps regarding trade policies in Pakistan. Government must also take care of the poor farmers and traders through subsidies. With good policy implications, the trade level of a country will increase.
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Kapçak, Servet, and Sakir Işleyen. "The Relationship Between Renewable Energy, Agriculture And Carbon Emissions: The Case of Turkey." Border Crossing 14, no. 1 (2024): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v14i1.2855.
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In this study, the relationship between renewable energy consumption, agriculture, and carbon emissions (CO2) is investigated. Time series boundaries cover the period 1990-2019 for Turkey. Economic growth and urbanization were added to the model as explanatory variables. The prediction model has been tested by the ARDL boundary value test and the direction of the variables is determined by the Granger(1969) causality test. The findings show that the variables are cointegrated in the long term and that while renewable energy consumption reduces carbon emissions, the agricultural sector increases carbon emissions. According to another finding, economic growth and urbanization variables have a positive effect on carbon emissions. Finally, a one-way relationship between the agricultural sector and economic growth to carbon emission has been identified. On the other hand, a one-way causality has been found between renewable energy consumption in the agricultural sector and urbanization. In addition, it has been found that there is a bidirectional causality between urbanization and urbanization and between economic growth and urbanization. These results show that renewable energy consumption, the agriculture sector, and carbon emissions interact in Turkey.
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Sultana, Baserat, Syeda Nida Raza, Kinza Rana, and Aaqib Qayyum. "The Effect of Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, and Energy Use on Environment Degradation: Evidenced from ASEAN Nations." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (2021): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2021.0902.0118.
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Literature evidenced that environmental degradation creates hurdles in economic development. So, this study highlights the leading macroeconomic indicators which affect the environment and investigates the nexus among FDI, energy utilization, economic development, and environmental pollution for ASEAN nations from 1990 to 2018. Panel Autor Regressive Distributive lag (ARDL) methodology is used to examine the impact of economic growth, foreign direct investment and energy use on environment degradation. Different panel unit roots (Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat, Levin, Lin & Chu, ADF - Fisher Chi-square, PP - Fisher Chi-square) tests are applied to confirm the intergradation order, and results confirm that there exits I (0) and I(1) order of intergradation. There exists a unidirectional relationship between energy consumption and carbon emission of CO2 and CO2 to foreign direct investment in the long run. While in the short run, there does not exist any relationship. The results confirm the existence EKC hypothesis, which confirms there exits negative and positive effects of GDP and square of GDP on carbon emission. Hence this study concludes that its essential to develop some strategies and policies to guarantee economic stability. Additionally, reliable and sustainable power resources should be used for positive environmental changes. The carbon dioxide emission should be reduced for the GDP growth by utilizing different eco-technologies and renewable energy resources, which can nullify the effect of emission of CO2 to maintain the greenhouse environment.