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Journal articles on the topic 'Coagulation electrocoagulation-'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Han, M., J. Song, and A. Kwon. "Preliminary investigation of electrocoagulation as a substitute for chemical coagulation." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0152.

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Recently electrocoagulation has been considered as one of the promising coagulation processes and was increasingly used as a substitute for chemical coagulation in many water treatment fields. However, there have not been many fundamental studies performed on it. In this research, a preliminary investigation was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation compared with conventional chemical coagulation through a set of batch experiments. Turbidity removal efficiencies, using various aluminium dosages and at different water pH values, were investigated. In addition, the zeta potential was studied to develop understanding of particle characteristic after applying both electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation. It can be concluded from the results that electrocoagulation is more efficient than chemical coagulation in turbidity removal.

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2

Jiang, J. Q., Y. Xu, J. Simon, K. Quill, and K. Shettle. "Removal of boron (B) from waste liquors." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 11 (May 1, 2006): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.339.

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This paper explores the use of electrocoagulation to remove boron from waste effluent in comparison with alum coagulation. In treating model test wastes, greater boron removals were achieved with electrocoagulation at low doses than conventional alum coagulation when reaction was undertaken for the same conditions (pH 8.5, and initial boron concentration was 500 mg/L). Al electrocoagulation can achieve good boron removal performance (68.3%) at a dose of 2.1 (as molar ratio of Al:B, and for current density of 62.1 A/m2), while alum coagulation can only achieve the maximum boron removal of 56% at a dose of 2.4. Also, Al electrocoagulation can remove 15–20% more boron than alum coagulation for the same dose compared in the treatment of both model test wastes and industry effluent. The estimation of running costs shows that to achieve 75% boron removal from industry waste effluent, i.e. removing 150 g of boron from 1 m3 of effluent, electrocoagulation was 6.2 times cheaper than alum coagulation. The economic advantage of electrocoagulation in the treatment of boron-containing waste effluent is thus significant.

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3

Kabdaşlı, I., I. Arslan-Alaton, B. Vardar, and O. Tünay. "Comparison of electrocoagulation, coagulation and the Fenton process for the treatment of reactive dyebath effluent." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 10 (May 1, 2007): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.315.

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In this paper, experimental studies were performed on a simulated reactive dyebath effluent to compare coagulation-flocculation and Fenton's oxidation with electrocoagulation using stainless steel (SS 304) and aluminium electrodes in terms of colour and COD removals as well as AOX formation potential and improvement of biological treatability. Results have indicated that FeCl3 and alum coagulation had little effect on colour removal whereas comparable colour removal efficiencies with those of electrocoagulation with steel electrodes and Fenton's oxidation were attained by FeSO4 coagulation. Almost complete colour removals accompanied with 77% COD abatement were obtained by both electrocoagulation with steel electrodes and Fenton's oxidation under optimised reaction conditions. Although electrocoagulation with aluminium electrodes yielded very limited colour removal and produced a high amount of sludge upon extended reaction time, this application brought about a marked improvement in biodegradability.

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4

Harif, Tali, Moti Khai, and Avner Adin. "Electrocoagulation versus chemical coagulation: Coagulation/flocculation mechanisms and resulting floc characteristics." Water Research 46, no. 10 (June 2012): 3177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.034.

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5

Rangel, Rodolfo Maia, Roberto José de Carvalho, and Maurício Leonardo Torem. "Organic matter removal from oil-water emulsions by electrocoagulation: 2 - mathematical model." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 1 (March 2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672014000100010.

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A mathematical model of the organic matter (chemical oxygen demand - COD) removal from synthetic oil-water emulsions by the electrocoagulation process was developed to evaluate the COD abatement. The model comprises the three fundaments of electrocoagulation: electrochemistry, coagulation and flotation. By comparing the experimental and calculated values of COD, it was found that the model was able to adequately predict the concentrations of organic matter (COD) present in the emulsions and satisfactorily describe the electrocoagulation process.

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6

Korchagin, V. I., J. N. Dochkina, E. A. Denisova, and A. A. Plyakina. "Comparative evaluation of the coagulation methods effectiveness in the extraction of biologically active components from highly concentrated effluents." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-213-218.

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A characteristic feature of highly concentrated effluents is the presence of valuable components - biologically active substances, which are secondary raw materials. The effectiveness of physico-chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation methods in relation to highly concentrated wastewater from a poultry processing enterprise, as well as the prevention of the secondary pollution of the effluent supplied to biological treatment, were analyzed in the work. The objects of the study included poultry stock (suspended solids 1770.0 mg / dm3, dry residue 1920.0 mg / dm3, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 1769.0 mg O2 / dm3), iron (III) FeCl3 chloride, iron soluble electrodes as the coagulant. The objectives of study involved determination of wastewater treatment effectiveness by the studied methods (physico-chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation) with the priority indicators changing: suspended solids, dry residue, chemical consumption of oxygen, iron, chlorides, and the precipitated residue mass. As a result of testing of highly concentrated effluents with a COD index of at least 1700.0 mg O2 / dm3, it was found out that during physico-chemical coagulation with FeCl3 at a concentration of 0.75 g / dm3, the content of priority indicators decreased by no less than 60%, while the effectiveness of electrocoagulation in relation to reducing the concentration of priority indicators was at least 70%. The content of iron compounds in wastewater with the application of electrochemical coagulation was 2.08 mg / dm3, which is 34% lower than after treatment of the effluent with iron (III) chloride FeCl3 at a concentration of 0.75 g / dm3. The chloride concentration did not change. As a result of the treatment of the effluent during the coagulation of (III) FeCl3, the secondary contamination of the treated effluent and the isolated products with iron and chlorides took place. This aspect may adversely affect the subsequent biological wastewater treatment, as well as lead to a decrease in the quality of the isolated product and its use limitation. Electrocoagulation is a more preferred way of isolating valuable components in relation to physico-chemical coagulation.

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7

Silva, Douglas Mark Lopes da, Maria Tereza W. D. Carneiro, and Josimar Ribeiro. "Boron Removal from Mining and Synthetic Effluents by Electrocoagulation Using Aluminum Electrodes." Scientific World Journal 2019 (May 9, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3746964.

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The efficiency of the electrocoagulation method to remove boron from synthetic and mining effluents was investigated in this study. Different parameters were tested using boric acid solution and effluent collected from a mining company located in the city of Vitória-ES. The results showed a percentage of boron removal of over 60% for the synthetic and mining effluents, using aluminum electrodes, pH 7.5, current density of 14.82 mA cm−2, and supporting electrolyte of 0.200 mol L−1. The electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation methods were also compared, in which the percentage obtained by electrocoagulation was 56.30% higher for the mining effluent. Thus, electrocoagulation was more efficient in boron removal, especially when appropriate parameters are applied.

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8

L.N, Ukiwe, Ibeneme S.I, Duru C.E, Okolue B.N, Onyedika G.O, and Nweze C.A. "Chemical and Electro-coagulation Techniques in Coagulation-Floccculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment- A Review." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 1988–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v9i3.1006.

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Chemical and electrocoagulation are widely used coagulation methods employed in water and wastewater treatment. Both coagulation processes are effective in removing a wide range of impurities which include dissolved organic matter in form of chemical and biological oxygen demand, pathogens, oils, and colloidal particles as well as heavy metals. The present review has revealed that the mode of action of both coagulation methods is based on charge neutralization and floc formation. The effectiveness of both coagulation techniques depend on factors such as pH, coagulation dose, coagulant type, current density, applied voltage, water and wastewater type, type of electrode, as well as size and number of electrodes. The commonly used chemical coagulants are inorganic coagulants based on aluminum and iron salts. However, there have been considerable successes in the development of pre-hydrolyzed inorganic coagulants which have the added advantage over traditional inorganic coagulants in that they function well over a wide range of pH and water temperatures. Electrocoagulation has been proposed as an alternative method to chemical coagulation because it is environmental friendly and cheap to operate. Nonetheless, most researchers are of the opinion that there are still some uncertainties regarding the understanding of its optimal performance and design mechanism.

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9

Cañizares, Pablo, Fabiola Martínez, Carlos Jiménez, Justo Lobato, and Manuel A. Rodrigo. "Coagulation and Electrocoagulation of Wastes Polluted with Dyes." Environmental Science & Technology 40, no. 20 (October 2006): 6418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0608390.

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10

Cañizares, Pablo, Fabiola Martínez, Carlos Jiménez, Justo Lobato, and Manuel A. Rodrigo. "Coagulation and Electrocoagulation of Wastes Polluted with Colloids." Separation Science and Technology 42, no. 10 (July 2007): 2157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390701446530.

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11

Cañizares, Pablo, Fabiola Martínez, Carlos Jiménez, Cristina Sáez, and Manuel A. Rodrigo. "Coagulation and electrocoagulation of oil-in-water emulsions." Journal of Hazardous Materials 151, no. 1 (February 2008): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.043.

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12

Smoczyński, Lech, Kamilla Teresa Muńska, Bogusław Pierożyński, and Marta Kosobucka. "Electrocoagulation of model wastewater using aluminum electrodes." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 14, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-012-0086-1.

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Electrocoagulation makes an alternative method to chemical coagulation. This paper presents the results obtained during the electrocoagulation of the model wastewater using aluminum electrodes. The wastewater was treated by means of chronopotentiometric electrocoagulation process in a static system, at the constant current I = 0.3 A; therefore higher doses of electrocoagulant required longer electrocoagulation time. Changes in zeta potential, pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids and total phosphorus concentrations in the treated wastewater were determined. A new method for determining the optimal dosage of the aluminum electrocoagulant was proposed through application of the third degree polynomial function rather than the parabolic equation. An increase in the electrocoagulant dose raised the share of sweep fl occulation in the studied treatment process, resulting in the effective removal over 90% of phosphorus compounds from the system.

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13

Isaxodjayev, Xayrulla, Nizonjon Usmonov, Yusufbek Abdullabekov, and Zoxid Xasanov. "Experimental electro coagulation unit for pretreament of mains water for dteam generation at thermal power plants." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601126.

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The article covers the state of pre-chemical treatment of natural water at Tashtpp with the use of aluminum sulphate and the creation of an experimental unit for producing coagulant, aluminum sulphate, as well as a block diagram of the proposed electrocoagulation unit for pre-treatment and clarification of water. An electrocoagulation technology for pre-treatment and clarification of water for Tashtpp steam boilers has been developed.

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14

Espinoza-Quiñones, Fernando R., Marilda M. T. Fornari, Aparecido N. Módenes, Soraya M. Palácio, Daniela E. G. Trigueros, Fernando H. Borba, and Alexander D. Kroumov. "Electrocoagulation efficiency of the tannery effluent treatment using aluminium electrodes." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 8 (October 1, 2009): 2173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.518.

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An electro-coagulation laboratory scale system using aluminium plates electrodes was studied for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants as a by-product from leather finishing industrial process. A fractional factorial 23 experimental design was applied in order to obtain optimal values of the system state variables. The electro-coagulation (EC) process efficiency was based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solid, total fixed solid, total volatile solid, and chemical element concentration values. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for final pH, total fixed solid (TFS), turbidity and Ca concentration have confirmed the predicted models by the experimental design within a 95% confidence level. The reactor working conditions close to real effluent pH (7.6) and electrolysis time in the range 30–45 min were enough to achieve the cost effective reduction factors of organic and inorganic pollutants' concentrations. An appreciable improvement in COD removal efficiency was obtained for electro-coagulation treatment. Finally, the technical-economical analysis results have clearly shown that the electro-coagulation method is very promising for industrial application.

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15

Swain, Kimberly, Bassim Abbassi, and Chris Kinsley. "Combined Electrocoagulation and Chemical Coagulation in Treating Brewery Wastewater." Water 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030726.

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Significant over-strength discharge fees are often imposed on breweries for the disposal of high-strength effluent to sanitary sewers. In this research work, the removal performances of electrocoagulation (EC) compared with operating electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation in sequence (EC-CC) or vice-versa (CC-EC) was examined to determine the capability of treatment in reducing the strength of the wastewater. Optimal operating parameters regarding electrolysis time, initial pH, and applied power were determined in conjunction with nutrient removal performance, electrode consumption and energy usage. Combined EC-CC treatment has been demonstrated to be economically feasible for brewery wastewater applications from an energy consumption perspective due to the efficiency of nutrient removal and the reduction of sewer discharge costs. Treatment by EC-CC at 5 W for 20 min using aluminum electrodes resulted in enhanced and consistent removal efficiencies of 26%, 74%, 76%, and 85% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), reactive phosphorous (RP), total phosphorous (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively. Energy consumption was the main contributor to operating cost. By considering potential recovered over-strength discharge fees (ODF), EC-CC treatment is economically feasible and beneficial in a brewery wastewater application. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the CC-EC process to remove phosphorous, organics and solids from brewery wastewater at lower power supply, so that the recovered ODF cost for CC-EC at 5 W-EC is 23% higher than at 10 W-EC.

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16

Ghernaout, Djamel, Badiaa Ghernaout, and Amara Kellil. "Natural organic matter removal and enhanced coagulation as a link between coagulation and electrocoagulation." Desalination and Water Treatment 2, no. 1-3 (February 2009): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.116.

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17

Chen, Yi-mei, Wen-ming Jiang, Yang Liu, and Ya Kang. "Quantitative contribution study and comparison between electrocoagulation, anode-electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation using polymer-flooding sewage." Chemosphere 250 (July 2020): 126128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126128.

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18

Smoczyński, L., H. Ratnaweera, M. Kosobucka, K. Kvaal, and M. Smoczyński. "Image analysis of sludge aggregates obtained at preliminary treatment of sewage." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 6 (July 28, 2014): 1048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.332.

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The results of wastewater treatment by Al and Fe salts and by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes are discussed and interpreted. Those processes used alone or combined with biological treatment, were analyzed for 50 and 90% removal of phosphates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the resulting sludge from three coagulation processes defined the perimeter P and area A of 129–142 differently sized objects in each contrast-enhanced image. Plots of lg A against lg P revealed that the analyzed sludge samples were made of self-similar aggregates–flocs with fractal characteristics. The slope of ‘log plots’ was used to determine surface fractal dimension Da, which was extrapolated to volumetric fractal dimension Dv. Dv was applied in a quantitative description of sludge aggregates–flocs. Aggregates–flocs of sludge obtained by Al ions (pre-polymerized Al and electrocoagulation) were characterized by higher values of Dv in comparison with sludge obtained by iron salts. The structure of {Al(OH)3} and {Fe(OH)3} aggregate–flocs was graphically simulated to determine the effect of size distribution and Dv on sweep flocculation and sludge separation and dehydration. Phosphate removal efficiency of 50% occurred at low ratios of Al:P and Fe:P. Adsorption-charge neutralization was suggested during coagulation with pre-polymerized coagulants, and sweep flow mechanism during electrocoagulation.

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19

Verma, Mohini, and R. Naresh Kumar. "Coagulation and electrocoagulation for co-treatment of stabilized landfill leachate and municipal wastewater." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 8, no. 2 (February 7, 2017): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2017.102.

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Abstract Landfill leachate and municipal wastewater at various ratios (1:20, 1:10, 1:7 and 1:5) were subjected to coagulation and electrocoagulation (EC). Alum was used in conventional coagulation at pH 6 and aluminum plate as electrode was used in EC at a current density of 386 A/m2 with 5 cm inter electrode spacing. Treatment efficiency was assessed from removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. At 1:5 ratio of landfill leachate to municipal wastewater, highest COD removal was with 3.8 g/L alum whereas highest turbidity removal was with 3.3 g/L alum during coagulation. EC exhibited almost similar removal efficiency for all the parameters at different ratios tested except for COD which was considerably higher at 1:20 ratio. Aluminum consumption from electrode was 0.7 g/L following EC as compared to 3.8 g/L alum used in coagulation. The amount of sludge produced was found to be higher with EC as compared to coagulation which could be due to the fact that the electrochemical method was performed for a longer duration than conventional coagulation. For minimal sludge generation, EC reaction time should be ∼30 min. Further studies with EC process on costing and sludge generation will help to advance the technology for wastewater treatment.

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20

Chauca, Janina, María Rosales, Diego Muñoz, and Carlos Banchón. "Finding Chemical Pathways Toward the Valorization of Automobile-Service-Station Wastes." KnE Engineering 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i1.1467.

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Automobile-service-station wastes make for an acute environmental concern because they contain polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, surfactants, and other harmful elements. An eco-friendly way to treat and take advantage of these wastes is embodied in the concept called "valorization". In the present work, valorization is described as a chemical process to remove solids from contaminated water and to stabilize oily sludge into a saponified product. Electrocoagulation and coagulation with aluminum were applied to separate oil-water emulsions and removed 99.7% of turbidity. Both coagulation processes obtained approximately 0.85 kg of treated water and 0.027 kg of dried oily sludge per kg of wastewater. A saponification process with dosages of 10% NaOH stabilized the dried oily sludge. In hopes of finding pathways to valorize wastes, chemical treatments with aluminum and NaOH obtained a product that can be used as a surfactant or as an energy source.Keywords: sludge, electrocoagulation, saponification, oil, wastewater

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21

Mohd Amdan, Nur Syahirah, Nur Shaylinda Mohd Zin, Siti Nor Aishah Mohd Salleh, and Laila Wahidah Mohamad Zailani. "Addition of composite coagulant (polyaluminium chloride and tapioca flour) into electrocoagulation (aluminium and ferum electrodes) for treatment of stabilized leachate." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825006005.

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Physical-chemical method such as electrocoagulation (EC) and coagulation-flocculation processes work well for the treatment of stabilized leachate. This study investigated the efficiency of combined treatment (electrocoagulation and conventional coagulation) in removing colour and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) from stabilized leachate. For this combined treatment, the Fe and Al electrodes with the addition of composite coagulant (PAC and TF) were used. The considered factors were pH, current density, and duration of current flow. It was observed that, the highest removal of colour and NH3N were 96% and 13% at applied current density of 100 A/m2 that equal to 0.5 A and 20 minutes respectively. For single EC treatment, the highest removal was 88% for colour and 25% for NH3N at 60 minutes by 150 A/m2 that equal to 1.3A. Thus, it showed that the combined treatment performed better than single treatment in removing colour while reducing the current, and shorten the duration of current flow.

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22

Chantes, Phutthamon, Chalor Jarusutthirak, Premrudee Kanchanapiya, and Supamas Danwittayakul. "Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater by Electrocoagulation." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.284.

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Industrial wastewater discharged into environments has been a serious and crucial problem, especially the wastewater from textile industry. It is one of the most harmful wastewaters due to their dark color, high COD and biotoxicity. Electrocoagulation is a technically easy, convenient and quick process that uses an electric field to neutralize the surface charges of contaminants in wastewater leading to coagulation and sedimentation. In this work, electrocoagulation (EC) process employed in the removal of dyes from real Batik wastewater was optimized. The optimum process conditions (∼60% color removal) for laboratory-scale were found to be: anode/cathode = Fe/Al, treatment time = 10 minutes, and electrode gap = 2cm with 30 kWh.m-3 of energy consumption.

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23

Sharma, G., H. K. Shon, R. Aryal, and S. Phuntsho. "Performance evaluation of microfiltration with electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation pretreatment." Desalination and Water Treatment 34, no. 1-3 (October 2011): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2882.

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24

Bazrafshan, Edris, Ferdos Kord Mostafapour, Mehdi Farzadkia, Kamal Aldin Ownagh, and Amir Hossein Mahvi. "Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment by Combined Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation Process." PLoS ONE 7, no. 6 (June 29, 2012): e40108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040108.

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25

Akbal, F., and S. Camcı. "Comparison of Electrocoagulation and Chemical Coagulation for Heavy Metal Removal." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 10 (September 28, 2010): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201000091.

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26

Ardhianto, Rachmad, and Arseto Yekti Bagastyo. "Personal Care Wastewater Treatment With Electro-coagulation and Electro-oxidation." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912503008.

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Personal care wastewater contains pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The compounds were in organic pollutants which have to be treated before water can be discharged. Electrochemical processes such as electro-coagulation and electro-oxidation were used to remove non-biodegradable in wastewater. Electro-coagulation as pretreatment using aluminum electrodes as anode and cathode. Electro-oxidation using Ti/Pt, and Ti/IrO2 as anode electrodes and variation of current 0,6 A, 0,7 A, 0,8 A and 1,0 A. Aluminum electrodes has effectiveness in removing COD, and TSS in electrocoagulation. Using aluminum electrodes remove COD, and TSS 76.1% (5.41 g) and 90.3% (6.10 g). Under initial pH, aluminum electrode does not cause a change in pH from initial pH (4.8-4.9). The removal efficiency of electrooxidation process using aluminum electrocoagulation effluent COD using Ti/Pt and Ti/IrO2 were 34,30% (1,55 g) and 39,71% (1,80 g). Increasing current when using Ti/IrO2 causes the COD removal rate to be more effective than using Ti/Pt. removal COD with 1.0 A gave the optimum COD removal were 34,30% (2,3 Ah/L; 1,55 g) with Ti/Pt, and 39,71% (2,3 Ah/L; 1,80 g) with Ti/IrO2 compared to 0,6 A (1,4 Ah/L), 0,7 A (1,6 Ah/L), and 0.8 A (1,9 Ah/L).

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27

Sadoon, Zahraa A., and Mohanad J. M-Ridha. "Removal of Reactive Dyes by Electro Coagulation Process from Aqueous Solution." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.02.02.

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The presence of dyes in wastewater has become a major issue all over the world. The discharge of dyes in the environment is concerned for both toxicological and esthetical reasons. In this study, the removal of dyes from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes as cathode and anode were investigated with the electrocoagulation cell of 1litter. The study included: the impact of various operating parameters on the dyes removal efficiency like pH, NaCl concentration, distance between electrodes, voltage, initial dyes concentration and type of electrodes. The dye (congo red) concentrations were (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm), stirring speed was 120 rpm at room temperature. pH used was maintained constant. The impact of voltage values was chosen as 6, 10, and 14 Volts. On increasing voltage dyes, removals increased significantly. The higher removal efficiency of dyes (99.9%) was achieved at (30) minutes for (Al/Al) electrodes at pH 6.5-7 and voltage 14 Volts. The results showed that the best amount of sodium chloride was found to be 600 ppm in dyes, voltage of 14 Volts, and best gap between the electrodes as 0.5 cm.

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28

Jamaludin, N. F., Nur Shaylinda Mohd Zin, N. A. A. Omar, and S. N. A. Mohd Salleh. "Colour and Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Stabilised Leachate Using Two Stages Coagulation: Tapioca coagulant and Electrocoagulation." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/10.15282/ijets.6.2.2019.1008.

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Abstract- Leachate produced in municipal solid waste landfills is known to have very high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollution substances that could contaminate the surrounding. Degradation of leachate pollutants by coagulation was done conventionally by using single chemical coagulation. The application of natural coagulants, together with electrocoagulation (EC) is still at an uncertain stage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of two stages of coagulation (TSC) consisting of coagulation (tapioca starch coagulant) and EC in removing colour and ammonia nitrogen from stabilising leachate under the influence of dose, leachate pH, duration, and electric current. Coagulation of tapioca starch without EC, removed 24% and 18% of colour and ammonia nitrogen, respectively. However, combining EC with coagulation at the optimum duration (20 minutes), a dose of TF (2.5 g/L), leachate pH (7), and electric current (0.15 A) achieved 37% and 61% removal of colour and ammonia nitrogen, respectively. The enhancement of colour and ammonia nitrogen were recorded by TSC. Therefore, TSC is proven able to improve colour and ammonia nitrogen removal from stabilised leachate.

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29

Karchiyappan, Thirugnanasambandham, Roberta D. Delcolle, Gustavo L. Goncalves, Daniel T. Vareschini, and Marcelino L. Gimenes. "Treatment of vinasse liquid from sugarcane industry using electro-coagulation/flocculation followed by ultra filtration." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2019-0037.

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Abstract In this present work, vinasse, a by-product of sugarcane industry, was examined using combined treatment methods to purify it. Electrocoagulation/flocculation, ultrafiltration were applied as pre-treatment and post-treatment, respectively. The effectiveness of combined process was evaluated based on colour, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The efficiency of electrochemical reactor was investigated according to process variables such as retention time, electrode distance and electrolyte dose. From the results, the price to treat unit vinasse is found to be 2.5 US$/m3 under optimum conditions. FT-IR analysis of sludge obtained shows the results of electro-coagulation process. Ultrafiltration as post treatment experiments showed the enhanced removal efficiency of colour (91%), turbidity (88%) and COD (85%). The results showed that electrocoagulation followed by ultrafiltration is a suitable combined technique to reduce the colour, turbidity and COD from vinasse liquid.

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Singh, Sweta, and Ayush Ransingh. "Coagulation and Electrocoagulation Process for Dye Removal fromTextile Wastewater: A Review." CSVTU Research Journal on Engineering and Technology 09, no. 01 (July 17, 2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30732/rjet.20200901005.

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Larue, O., E. Vorobiev, C. Vu, and B. Durand. "Electrocoagulation and coagulation by iron of latex particles in aqueous suspensions." Separation and Purification Technology 31, no. 2 (May 2003): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(02)00182-x.

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Lacasa, Engracia, Cristina Sáez, Pablo Cañizares, Francisco J. Fernández, and Manuel A. Rodrigo. "Arsenic Removal from High-Arsenic Water Sources by Coagulation and Electrocoagulation." Separation Science and Technology 48, no. 3 (January 2013): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2012.690806.

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Golder, Animes K., Ajoy K. Chanda, Amar N. Samanta, and Subhabrata Ray. "Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution: Electrocoagulation vs Chemical Coagulation." Separation Science and Technology 42, no. 10 (July 2007): 2177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390701446464.

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Kumar, Abhijeet, P. V. Nidheesh, and M. Suresh Kumar. "Composite wastewater treatment by aerated electrocoagulation and modified peroxi-coagulation processes." Chemosphere 205 (August 2018): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.141.

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M. K, Krishna, Manjunath H.N, and Ayesha Siddiqa. "TREATMENT OF SERVICE STATION WASTEWATER USING ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i7.2017.2140.

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The various electrodes such as iron, aluminium, stainless steel and graphite are used in this study. Main objectives of the present paper is to evaluate the removal of COD, pH, TDS and oil and grease from the automobile wastewater by Electro coagulation using iron as Monopolar configuration at different voltages and electrolysis time. To study the effect of inter electrode spacing and effect of different initial pH for the removal of selected parameter at constant voltage for the iron electrode. The removal efficiency decreases with increase in electrode spacing as 71.2% of COD, 96.5% of TDS and 88.76% of oil and grease removal was achieved with iron electrode.

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Zohar, Yuval, Michael Strauss, Rima Sadov, and Meir Djialdetti. "Ultrastructural Study of Peripheral Nerve Injury Induced by Monopolar and Bipolar Diathermy." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, no. 9 (September 1996): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610500901.

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The effect of unipolar and bipolar electrocoagulation on human and albino rat peripheral nerves was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The greater auricular nerve obtained from operated patients and the femoral nerve of an albino rat were chosen for this study. The nerves were divided into three groups: controls, segments of nerves spot-coagulated with unipolar instruments, and segments of nerves spot-coagulated with bipolar instruments. Significant cell injury, expressed by marked damage of the Schwann cells, was induced by unipolar coagulation in both myelinated and unmyelinated nerves, in humans as well as in the albino rat. However, in bipolar-treated nerves, the Schwann cell architecture remained well preserved in both types of nerves. The results are in favor of bipolar electrocoagulation when applied in areas rich in neurovascular supplies.

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Bagga, Ashima, Shankararaman Chellam, and Dennis A. Clifford. "Evaluation of iron chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation pretreatment for surface water microfiltration." Journal of Membrane Science 309, no. 1-2 (February 2008): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.009.

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Lee, Sin Yin, and Graham A. Gagnon. "Comparing the growth and structure of flocs from electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation." Journal of Water Process Engineering 10 (April 2016): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.01.012.

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Lakshmanan, Divagar, Dennis A. Clifford, and Gautam Samanta. "Comparative study of arsenic removal by iron using electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation." Water Research 44, no. 19 (November 2010): 5641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.018.

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Larue, O., and E. Vorobiev. "Floc size estimation in iron induced electrocoagulation and coagulation using sedimentation data." International Journal of Mineral Processing 71, no. 1-4 (September 2003): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-7516(03)00026-7.

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Martín-Domínguez, A., M. L. Rivera-Huerta, S. Pérez-Castrejón, S. E. Garrido-Hoyos, I. E. Villegas-Mendoza, S. L. Gelover-Santiago, P. Drogui, and G. Buelna. "Chromium removal from drinking water by redox-assisted coagulation: Chemical versus electrocoagulation." Separation and Purification Technology 200 (July 2018): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.014.

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Kılıç, Mehtap Gülsün, Çetin Hoşten, and Şahinde Demirci. "A parametric comparative study of electrocoagulation and coagulation using ultrafine quartz suspensions." Journal of Hazardous Materials 171, no. 1-3 (November 2009): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.133.

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Cho, Young Man, Gi Weon Ji, Pyeong Jong Yoo, Chang Weon Kim, and Ki Baek Han. "Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation with fiber filters for water treatment." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 25, no. 6 (November 2008): 1326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-008-0217-9.

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Urbanová, Lucie, Michal Crha, Petr Raušer, Jana Lorenzová, and Alois Nečas. "Laparoscopically Assisted Cryptorchidectomy Using LigaSure® Electrocoagulation." Acta Veterinaria Brno 79, no. 2 (2010): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079020313.

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This study presents first two cases of laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy using the LigaSure® device performed on clinical patients at our department; namely, a four-year-old German shepherd and a thirteen-year-old Maltese dog. The cryptorchid testis was laparoscopically localized and grasped and by sequential grasping of the spermatic funicle using the LigaSure® device, a. et v. testicularis, ductus deferens as well as a. et v. ductus deferentis were successively coagulated and transected. The testis was removed from the abdominal cavity through a slightly enlarged incision for the instrument port. The testis positioned in the scrotum was in both cases removed using prescrotal castration with ligature of the spermatic funicle and a. et v. testicularis, ductus deferens as well as a. et v. ductus deferentis. Both patients were released into home care on the second day after the procedure without the need to administer further analgesics. No complications with anaesthesia, surgical procedure or complications in the postoperative period were recorded. Laparoscopically assisted method of coagulation and transection of the blood vessels and ductus deferens using the LigaSure® device appears as clinically applicable, fast and safe miniinvasive method of cryptorchidectomy in dogs.

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Bukharina, I. Yu, O. A. Tikhonovskaya, M. B. Plotnikov, M. S. Petrova, M. Yu Maslov, Ye S. Koschevets, and S. V. Logvinov. "Experimental and clinical ground of using of diquertin and ascorbic acid complex at monopolar ovary coagulation." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2003): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2003-2-26-36.

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There has been conducted a study of morphofunctional ovary changes at monopolar coagulation using histological, histochemical and ultra-microscopic techniques, and there have been evaluated hemorheologic factors and state of lipid peroxidation system (LPS) in postsurgical period. It has been proved that electrocoagulation stimulates the follicle growth for a short time but damages the generative and endocrine ovary apparatus and causes evident hemodynamic changes in perifocal zone. At the same time the raise of blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation and LPS activation are occurring. Possessing hemorheologic and antioxidant properties ascovertin produces a protective effect on generative ovary apparatus and microcirculation in it. 48 women after laparoscopic operations on ovaries with the use of electrocoagulation have been examined prospectively. The women of the basic group took the diquertin and ascorbic acid complex prior to and after the surgery in addition to the basic therapy. There has been made an evaluation of LPS factors prior to and after the surgery, computed kymopertubation results and hormonic state in a 1 month after the surgery, frequency of pregnancy beginning. Prescription of diquertin and ascorbic acid complex under the developed procedure is pathogenetically reasonable, it allows to increase the quality of treatment after laparoscopic operations on ovaries and encourages the preservation of reproductive function of a female organism.

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Rosahl, Steffen, Geralf Kellner, and Rüdiger Gerlach. "Calvian Endo-pen: New Coagulation Forceps for Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 79, no. 06 (July 6, 2018): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655731.

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Objective Over the past few years bipolar electrocoagulation techniques in neurosurgery have been continually improving. However, limited access during endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for central skull base pathologies and the requirement of very precise coagulation in that dedicated anatomical area requires further refinement of bipolar coagulation instruments. We describe our experience (effectiveness of coagulation, intraoperative handling, and the use as a dissecting tool) with a new type of coagulation forceps, the Calvian endo-pen (Sutter Medizintechnik, Freiburg, Germany) during EETS. Method From June to August 2015, 12 patients with central skull base lesions (9 with a pituitary adenoma and 1 each with epidermoid, hemangioma, and juvenile angiofibroma) were operated on with the Calvian endo-pen. Results The application of the Calvian endo-pen was feasible in all cases. The angled thin tips proved to be very effective and precise for soft tissue coagulation to achieve hemostasis. Even very small vessels could be occluded selectively. It was also helpful for outward dissection in separating normal from tumor tissue. Conclusion The use of the Calvian endo-pen is safe and effective during EETS for central skull base pathologies. Its ease in intraoperative handling (maneuverability, cleaning) and precise coagulation makes it a promising instrument for EETS.

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Shamaei, Laleh, Behnam Khorshidi, Basil Perdicakis, and Mohtada Sadrzadeh. "Treatment of oil sands produced water using combined electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation techniques." Science of The Total Environment 645 (December 2018): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.387.

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Eskibalci, Mehmet Faruk, and Mehmet Furkan Ozkan. "Comparison of conventional coagulation and electrocoagulation methods for dewatering of coal preparation plant." Minerals Engineering 122 (June 2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.035.

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Bazrafshan, Edris, Mohammad Reza Alipour, and Amir Hossein Mahvi. "Textile wastewater treatment by application of combined chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and adsorption processes." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 20 (March 27, 2015): 9203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1027960.

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Cretescu, Igor, Laura Zaleschi, Carmen Teodosiu, and Manuel Andres Rodrigo. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTROCOAGULATION AND CHEMICAL COAGULATION PROCESSES APPLIED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 8 (2012): 1517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2012.190.

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