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Journal articles on the topic 'Coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Smoczynski, L., Z. Bukowski, R. Wardzynska, B. Zaleska-Chrost, and K. Dluzynska. "Simulation of Coagulation, Flocculation, and Sedimentation." Water Environment Research 81, no. 4 (2009): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143008x357174.

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2

Bello, Antonio Roberto Crystal, Dejanira de Franceschi Angelis, and Roberto Naves Domingos. "Ultrasound efficiency in relation to sodium hypochlorite and filtration adsorption in microbial elimination in a water treatment plant." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 5 (2005): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000600009.

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Processes like ultrasound, chlorination and filtration-adsorption were compared to eliminate microorganisms and to adjust established parameters of public drinking water. A mini water treatment plant (WTP-CB), in pilot scale, was projected and built to evaluate each process influence as: decontamination, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation and filtration. Total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria and physic/chemical parameters were quantified from water. Ultrasound, chlorination and filtration-adsorption were efficient to inactivate and/or eliminate bacteria. U

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3

Cardoso Valverde, Karina, Priscila Ferri Coldebella, Marcela Fernandes Silva, Letícia Nishi, Milene Carvalho Bongiovani, and Rosângela Bergamasco. "Moringa oleifera Lam. and Its Potential Association with Aluminium Sulphate in the Process of Coagulation/Flocculation and Sedimentation of Surface Water." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (May 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4342938.

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The present study aims to optimize the operational conditions in surface water coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation step, besides evaluating the association between seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) and the synthetic coagulant aluminium sulphate for surface water treatment. The assays were performed in Jar Test using surface water from Pirapó River basin, Maringá, PR. It was observed that the operational conditions affect the coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation process efficiency. Optimal operational conditions for coagulants association are as follows: rapid mixing vel

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4

Shin, Gwy-Am, and Mark D. Sobsey. "Removal of norovirus from water by coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes." Water Supply 15, no. 1 (2014): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.100.

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In this study, we determined the removal of a prototype human norovirus (Norwalk virus, NV) by bench-scale alum coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for norovirus assays. After determining optimum conditions for the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes in terms of turbidity reduction, jar tests were performed using the same waters seeded with test viruses. For comparison, two other important health-related viruses, poliovirus 1 (PV1) and coliphage MS2, were included in this study. The removal of NV

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5

Pieterse, A. J. H., and A. Cloot. "Algal cells and coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 4 (1997): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0099.

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Flocculation generally removes two classes of suspended particles during adsorption-coagulation, namely colloids (inorganic in nature) and bacterial and algal cells, colonies, and filaments (organic in nature). Different interaction mechanisms, i.e. hydrodynamic, electrical and electromagnetic, play important roles in the removal of algal and colloidal entities. Algal entities, however, show morphological characteristics (such as elongated shapes, arranged in cells, colonies and filaments, containing spines or able to change shape or to move with flagella) not shared by colloids, that will aff

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6

Sun, Dong Yang, Xing Long Zhou, Wen Bin Luo, Zheng Qiang Liu, Zhi Xin Shi, and Xiao Ming Zhang. "Study on the Settlement Experiment of Iron Tailings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.511.

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The settlement experiment of representative iron tailings was studied, the iron tailings were from a processing plant of Wuhan Iron and Steel Group. There were four experiments were conducted which includes nature sedimentation test, coagulation sedimentation test of inorganic salt coagulant, flocculation sedimentation test of polymer flocculant and the mix coagulation sedimentation test. The test results showed that the size of sample is relatively fine and unevenly distributed, what's more, the velocity of natural sediment is very slow, and the effect that concentration has on the settling v

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7

Nyström, F., K. Nordqvist, I. Herrmann, A. Hedström, and M. Viklander. "Treatment of road runoff by coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 3 (2019): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.079.

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Abstract A laboratory investigation of the treatment potential of a coagulation process in the context of stormwater treatment was undertaken. The initial 25 L road runoff generated from four rain events was collected and subjected to a jar-testing regime with two commercial coagulants. The treatment effect was assessed by analysing the runoff before and after treatment for turbidity, suspended solids and metal content. The coagulation process resulted in particle and total metal reduction of more than 90% compared to 40% for only sedimentation. Up to 40% reduction of dissolved Cr, Cu and Pb w

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8

Chen, Chiu-Yang. "Comparative Studies on the Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater for Ocean Disposal." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (1993): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0135.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of primary treatment on municipal wastewater before it is discharged into the ocean. A series of filter papers of specified pore size was applied to measure the removal of organics and solids in wastewater through various primary treatment processes. For plain sedimentation, the removal of suspended solids was always less than 50% while COD and BOD removals were 23-41% and 15-27%, respectively. For chemical coagulation with the addition of poly aluminium chloride (PAC), 70% SS removal was obtained with a PAC dose of 30 mg/l. If polye

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9

Vlaški, A., A. N. van Breemen, and G. J. Alaerts. "The role of particle size and density in dissolved air flotation and sedimentation." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 4 (1997): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0114.

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Conventional (sedimentation) and advanced (dissolved air flotation) treatment were studied in the context of removal of the single cells form of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. This cyanobacterium species is recognised as an ideal surrogate for process removal efficiency assessment of particles of the problematic size range (3-10 m). The agglomeration (coagulation/flocculation) phase has been indicated as essential and determining the down-stream process efficiency, hence it is a prerequisite for process improvement. Relevant process parameters have been addressed on a laboratory (mo

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10

Ahamad, Kamal Uddin, Debaraj Bailung Sonowal, Vivek Kumar, Neeraj Nikhil, and Nirab Medhi. "Study on the impact of pre-sedimentation and consequently optimization of alum dose in water treatment process." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 3 (2014): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.046.

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Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from water. However, coagulation–flocculation and sedimentation only are not sufficient in modern practices as nowadays every process is being viewed through an economic point of view. The present work aims to study the impact of pre-sedimentation on optimum coagulant dosage of raw water taken from a lake located at Tezpur University. Alum was used with the aim of determining its optimum doses at optimum pH and alkalinity. The influence of seasonal variation of pH and alkalinity on the coagulation dosages

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11

Peng, F. F., and Z. Lu. "Polymer flocculation and coagulation for sedimentation of copper flotation tailings." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 15, no. 1 (1998): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402781.

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12

Wang, Bin-yuan, Zhong-lin Chen, Jia Zhu, Ji-min Shen, and Ying Han. "Pilot-scale fluoride-containing wastewater treatment by the ballasted flocculation process." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (2013): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.204.

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A pilot-scale ballasted flocculation system was used to remove fluoride from one type of industrial wastewater. The system included the formation of calcium fluoride (CaF2) using calcium hydroxide followed by coagulation sedimentation. Calcium fluoride was recycled as nuclei for enhancing CaF2 precipitation and as a ballasting agent for improving fluoride removal and flocculation efficiency. Factors affecting fluoride and turbidity removal efficiencies, including pH in the CaF2-reacting tank and coagulation-mixing tank, sludge recycling ratio, and dosages of FeCl3 and polyacrylamide (PAM), wer

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13

Matsui, Yoshihiko, Norihito Tambo, Tokio Ohto, and Yasushi Zaitsu. "Dual Wavelength Photometric Dispersion Analysis of Coagulation and Flocculation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (1993): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0274.

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A technique to evaluate the coagulat ion/flocculation process on fluctuating light intensity transmitted through a flowing suspension has been developed recently for online monitoring in a flocculation system. In this paper, the authors tried to expand this technique to perform direct evaluation of floc size, settling velocity, and residual color after aluminum coagulation from the fluctuating light absorption using dual wavelengths. A theoretical study was carried out to establish the data handling algorithms for the evaluation of the above mentioned values from the fluctuating light absorban

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14

Qin, Jinyi, Hainan Wang, Chuan Qin, Hailong Meng, Wengang Qu, and Hui Qian. "The role of sodium carbonate in PAM coagulation-flocculation for oil acidized wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 11 (2018): 2677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.224.

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Abstract The pH value of oil acidized wastewater is relatively low (pH = 6.1), which seriously affects the flocculation of polyacrylamide (PAM). NaOH was used to adjust the pH value, but the maximum was only 7.5. The regulation was limited as the Ca2+ in aqueous phase up to 1,350 mg L−1 consumed OH−. A novel formulation of Na2CO3 + PAM was proposed to form CaCO3 floc core to facilitate PAM coagulation. When the concentration was above 400 mg L−1, the PAM precipitation tended to be maximum, followed by NaOH adjustment of pH to 8.0 that could enhance PAM flocculation successively. The sewage slu

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15

Buzzini, A. P., A. J. Motheo, and E. C. Pires. "Assessment of electrochemical and chemical coagulation as post-treatment for the effluents of a UASB reactor treating cellulose pulp mill wastewater." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (2005): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0515.

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This paper presents results from exploratory experiments to test the technical feasibility of electrolytic treatment and coagulation followed by flocculation and sedimentation as post-treatment for the effluent of an UASB reactor treating simulated wastewater from an unbleached Kraft pulp mill. The electrolytic treatment provided up to 67% removal of the remaining COD and 98% of color removal. To achieve these efficiencies the energy consumption ranged from 14 Wh.l−1 to 20 Wh.l−1. The coagulation-flocculation treatment followed by settling required 350–400 mg.l−1 of aluminium sulfate. The addi

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16

Wang, Chao, Chii Shang, Guanghao Chen, and Xiaoshan Zhu. "Mechanisms of nC60 removal by the alum coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation process." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 411 (December 2013): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.023.

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17

Valverde, Karina Cardoso, Edneia Aparecida de Souza Paccola, Armando Mateus Pomini, Natália Ueda Yamaguchi, and Rosangela Bergamasco. "Combined water treatment with extract of natural Moringa oleifera Lam and synthetic coagulant." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 3 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2135.

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This study evaluated the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation and filtration processes using the combination of natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) and synthetic coagulant aluminum polychloride (PAC) for water treatment. Raw water was obtained from the Pirapó River Basin, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. Coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation assays were carried out in a Jar Test. A two-layer rapid filter filled with sand and anthracite was used in the filtration stage. Water quality and therefore the efficiency of the process were determined by means of the ana

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18

Fonseca da Costa, Gabriela, Marcella Yuri de Almeida Sawaguchi, and Vilson Gomes da Assunção Júnior. "REMOÇÃO DE CORANTES TÊXTEIS POR COAGULAÇÃO-FLOCULAÇÃO-SEDIMENTAÇÃO E ADSORÇÃO." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 12, no. 2 (2020): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2020.v12.n2.e320.

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Textile effluents when discharged into water bodies without proper treatment cause damage to the water quality of the receiving bodies, mainly due to the large amount of dyes used for dyeing tissues, being necessary to conduct research aiming to improve the treatment efficiency of these effluents. Thus, the objective of this work wasto assessthe removal of pigments Copper phthalocyanine,naphthol monoazole, diaxazine and diazotic, by testbench. For this, the synthetic effluent with pigment dispersion of Copper phthalocyanine was prepared, and the treatments used were coagulation-flocculation an

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19

Zhan, Yong, Yu Wang, and Bin Dong. "Progress and Research of Organic Polymeric Flocculant in Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.707.

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coagulation and sedimentation method is an effective water treatment method, and the key factor is the choice of flocculant, according to its different chemical composition, it is generally divided into inorganic, organic, microbial flocculants. Because of the small dosage ,fast flocculation and less effect by external environment , organic polymeric flocculant has widely used in wastewater treatment. This paper describes some types of organic polymer flocculation and its research and application. finally,the development trend of organic polymeric flocculant was predicted.

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20

Kwak, Dong-Heui, and Mi-Sug Kim. "Flotation of algae for water reuse and biomass production: role of zeta potential and surfactant to separate algal particles." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 5 (2015): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.265.

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The effect of chemical coagulation and biological auto-flocculation relative to zeta potential was examined to compare flotation and sedimentation separation processes for algae harvesting. Experiments revealed that microalgae separation is related to auto-flocculation of Anabaena spp. and requires chemical coagulation for the whole period of microalgae cultivation. In addition, microalgae separation characteristics which are associated with surfactants demonstrated optimal microalgae cultivation time and separation efficiency of dissolved CO2 flotation (DCF) as an alternative to dissolved air

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21

Huang, Anita Kuo, Marcia Teresinha Veit, Patricia Trevisani Juchen, Gilberto da Cunha Gonçalves, Soraya Moreno Palácio, and Camila de Oliveira Cardoso. "Sequential process of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation- adsorption - microfiltration for laundry effluent treatment." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7, no. 4 (2019): 103226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103226.

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22

Zhang, J. J., and X. Y. Li. "Coagulation and sedimentation of particulate pollutants in marine waters after wastewater outfall discharge." Water Supply 6, no. 1 (2006): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.009.

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Outfall discharge to seawater is generally used as a practical means of wastewater disposal in many coastal cities. However, deposition of solid pollutants from the wastewater on the seabed would affect the benthic communities. In the present study, both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were carried out on the role of particle coagulation in the transport and sedimentation of sewage solid materials in marine waters after outfall discharge. Actual sewage samples were collected from two treatment plants in Hong Kong for the experimental study. A flocculator-imaging system was dev

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23

Sha'arani, Shazwana, Siti Noor Fitriah Azizan, Fazrena Nadia Md Akhir, et al. "Removal efficiency of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using a natural coagulant during coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (2019): 1787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.433.

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Abstract Staphylococcus sp. as Gram-positive and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative are bacterial pathogens and can cause primary bloodstream infections and food poisoning. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes could be a reliable treatment for bacterial removal because suspended, colloidal, and soluble particles can be removed. Chemical coagulants, such as alum, are commonly used. However, these chemical coagulants are not environmentally friendly. This present study evaluated the effectiveness of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes for removing Staphylococc

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24

Tong, Zhen Gong. "Analyzing the Implement of Whirling Clarification Technique in Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.871.

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The Micro-Whirling Coagulation process whose core is the Micro-whirling reactor is the key to the Whirling Clarification technique. The Micro-whirling reactor and its working mechanism which is whirling-coagulation and contact-flocculation are illustrated in this paper. Also it tells us the application on clarification tank in one wastewater reuse plant of BAOSTEEL. After being alteration to the standard clarification tank which is put the Micro-whirling reactor into the first and second flocculation area and put the inclined pipes into the sedimentation area, the treatment scale of the whirli

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25

Pavón Silva, T., S. G. Hoyos, and C. Chávez Guerra. "Evaluation of a package plant for small communities in Mexico." Water Supply 2, no. 4 (2002): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0132.

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The design and operation of floc blanket clarification plant, embodying coagulation, flocculation and floc blanket sedimentation is still very much an art, mainly because there has been no adequate scientific explanation of the mechanisms of the floc blanket sedimentation process. This study aims to provide an explanation based on the floc blanket formation with CPL (hydroxyl chlorine of aluminium) coagulant. The theoretical parameters results were: Gcoagulation: 1,500 s-1; Gflocculation: 397 s-1, and for sedimentation G×θ×c 2476.8. The solid removal in the floc blanket was 65.28% expressed by

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26

Juliastuti, Sri Rachmania, Nuniek Hendrianie, Yumna Dian Pawitra, and Irham Raditya Putra. "Reduction of P2O5 and F from Phosphogypsum by CaO addition." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603021.

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Waste of Phosphoric acid industry, which called phosphogypsum consists of 65% gypsum, 25% water and 10% impurities. Phosphogypsum can only be used up to 15% and the rest is thrown away. The objective purpose of this study is to reduce the content of P2O5 and F using best variable CaO and stirring during coagulation process, flocculation and sedimentation. The method of this experiment is conducted by using the ratio of phosphogypsum and variable distilled water 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, and then put it into a jar test using the variable stirring of 100 and 150 rpm. Then 11, 12 and 13 gram CaO and 50 m

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27

Yuri Almeida Sawaguchi, Marcella, Emily Giany Assunção, Isabela Bruna de Tavares Machado Bolonhesi, Gabriela Fonseca da Costa, and Vilson Gomes da Assunção Júnior. "PÓS-TRATAMENTO DE LIXIVIADO ESTABILIZADO POR CICLO COMPLETO, ADSORÇÃO E OXIDAÇÃO QUÍMICA." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 12, no. 3 (2021): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2020.v12.n3.e333.

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The leachatefrom landfillhas high concentrations of organic matter, humic and nitrogenous compounds, heavy metals and inorganic salts, which requiresproper treatment for its final destinationand does not cause damage to the environment. Studies show that the biologically treated effluent requires an association of physical-chemical techniques.Thisstudy aimed to evaluate the application of complementary techniques to thebiological treatmentsuch as coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation(CFS)andFenton's reaction oxidation(FR), followed by adsorption. The CFS with ferric chloride and FRpost-treatm

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28

Inam, Muhammad Ali, Rizwan Khan, Ick Tae Yeom, Abdul Salam Buller, Muhammad Akram, and Muhammad Waleed Inam. "Optimization of Antimony Removal by Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation Process Using Response Surface Methodology." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010117.

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Coprecipitation-adsorption plays a significant role during coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (C/F/S) of antimony (Sb) in water. This work uses a Box–Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effects of major operating variables such as initial Sb(III, V) concentration (100–1000 µg/L), ferric chloride (FC) dose (5–50 mg/L), and pH (4–10) on redox Sb species. Experimental data of Sb(III, V) removal were used to determine response function coefficients. The model response value (Sb removal) showed good agreement with the experimenta

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29

Wong, E. A., and G. A. Shin. "Removal ofMycobacterium aviumsubspecieshominissuis(MAH) from drinking water by coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes." Letters in Applied Microbiology 60, no. 3 (2014): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lam.12368.

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30

Campos, Valquíria, Ana R. A. C. Fernandes, Thales A. M. Medeiros, and Erik L. Andrade. "Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of PGA bioflocculant in coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation processes." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, no. 4 (2016): 3753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.08.011.

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31

Inam, Muhammad Ali, Rizwan Khan, Ick Tae Yeom, Abdul Salam Buller, Muhammad Akram, and Muhammad Waleed Inam. "Optimization of Antimony Removal by Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation Process Using Response Surface Methodology." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010117.

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Coprecipitation-adsorption plays a significant role during coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (C/F/S) of antimony (Sb) in water. This work uses a Box–Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effects of major operating variables such as initial Sb(III, V) concentration (100–1000 µg/L), ferric chloride (FC) dose (5–50 mg/L), and pH (4–10) on redox Sb species. Experimental data of Sb(III, V) removal were used to determine response function coefficients. The model response value (Sb removal) showed good agreement with the experimenta

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32

Long, Huang, and Xiao. "The Effect of Surface Charge on the Separation of Pyrite from Serpentine by Flotation." Minerals 9, no. 10 (2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100629.

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Serpentine, a magnesium silicate mineral with positive surface charge in many sulfide ores around the world, usually deteriorates the flotation behavior by covering the target mineral surface. In this paper, the effect of surface potential regulation on serpentine flotation was revealed by flocculation experiments, zeta potential measurements, infrared spectrum analysis, and DLVO theoretical calculations. The experimental results of flocculation and sedimentation show that heterogeneous coagulation easily occurs between serpentine and pyrite particles, which reduces the floatability of pyrite.

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33

Bigaj, Izabela M., Renata Brzozowska, Michał Łopata, et al. "Comparison of coagulation behaviour and floc characteristics of polyaluminium chloride (PAX 18, PAX XL19H, ALCAT) with surface water treatment." Limnological Review 13, no. 2 (2013): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2013-0008.

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Abstract Coagulation behaviour of polyaluminium chloride (PACl) was comparatively investigated in terms of the removal of turbidity and colour with surface water. The growth of flocs was also compared. The results show that the decrease in saturation and values of dissolved oxygen was ca. 20% for ALCAT and PAX 18 at both dosages and 15% for PAX XL 19H, respectively. The floc formation growth indicated that PACl coagulation occurred not only by charge neutralization but also by a form of sweep flocculation. Besides, flocs formed by ALCAT had better sizes than the flocs formed by PAX 18 and PAX

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Kirkpatrick, William R., and Takashi Asano. "Evaluation of Tertiary Treatment Systems for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 10 (1986): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0115.

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Both bacterial pathogens and viruses are removed in varying degrees by tertiary or advanced wastewater treatment. Principal treatment processes and operations for producing reclaimed water that has an extremely low probability of virus or bacterial contamination normally include chemical coagulation followed by flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Alternatively, direct filtration with lower chemical doses and without sedimentation is often used. However, optimization of the chemical coagulation and filtration of secondary effluent has been difficult to achieve in practice

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35

Yonekawa, H., Y. Tomita, and Y. Watanabe. "Behavior of micro-particles in monolith ceramic membrane filtration with pre-coagulation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 12 (2004): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0729.

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This paper is intended to clarify the characteristics unique to monolith ceramic membranes with pre-coagulation by referring to the behavior of micro-particles. Flow analysis and experiments have proved that monolith ceramic membranes show a unique flow pattern in the channels within the element, causing extremely rapid flocculation in the channel during dead-end filtration. It was assumed that charge-neutralized micro-particles concentrated near the membrane surface grow in size due to flocculation, and as a result, coarse micro-particles were taken up by the shearing force to flow out. As th

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Halfi, Eran, Asher Brenner, and David Katoshevski. "Effect of container geometry on colloids removal from water in oscillation-based flocculation." Water Supply 20, no. 1 (2019): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.165.

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Abstract Colloid removal in water treatment plants is commonly done by a sequence of processes that includes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. The current study presents an innovative technique, termed grouping, for the removal of these suspended particles based on physical flow manipulation, which causes the particles to aggregate. Previous results showed that gentle oscillation in a cylindrical container facilitates simultaneous flocculation and sedimentation in the same reactor over shorter periods of time than are possible using the conventional treatment approach.

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37

Pruss, Alina. "Selection of the surface water treatment technology – a full-scale technological investigation." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 4 (2014): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.513.

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A technological investigation was carried out over a period of 2 years to evaluate surface water treatment technology. The study was performed in Poland, in three stages. From November 2011 to July 2012, for the first stage, flow tests with a capacity of 0.1–1.5 m3/h were performed simultaneously in three types of technical installations differing by coagulation modules. The outcome of the first stage was the choice of the technology for further investigation. The second stage was performed between September 2012 and March 2013 on a full-scale water treatment plant. Three large technical insta

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Mehmood, Rehman, Wang, et al. "Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent Using Physicochemical Process for Recycling." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112393.

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Physicochemical treatment, consisting of a combination of primary settling, coagulation–flocculation-aided clarification (alum, lime and magnesium sulfate as coagulants) and activated carbon adsorption, was employed for the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater. Treatability studies were undertaken to assess the feasibility of recycling the effluents from a paper mill. The results of laboratory scale investigation showed that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of four hours for plain settling was effective to reduce 30% of the pollution load from pulp and board mill wastewater (PBMWW). T

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Zhao, Jianhai, Anmin Wang, Lei Wei, Wenqi Ge, Yongzhi Chi, and Yanping Lai. "Effect of kaolin on floc properties for reactive orange removal in continuous coagulation process." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 3 (2018): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.327.

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Abstract Magnesium hydroxide was used as a coagulant for treating reactive orange wastewater in a real continuous process. Effects of kaolin on coagulation performance and floc properties were investigated with controlled experiments through floc size distribution, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Kaolin had significant influence on magnesium hydroxide-reactive orange floc formation and growth. The results showed that average floc size reached 16.31, 12.88 and 20.50 μm, respectively, in the rapid mixer, flocculation basin and sedimentati

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Xu, Fang. "Review of analytical studies on TiO2 nanoparticles and particle aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization." Chemosphere 212 (December 2018): 662–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.108.

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Alshahri, Abdullah H., Luca Fortunato, Noreddine Ghaffour, and TorOve Leiknes. "Controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs) by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation using liquid ferrate and clay." Chemosphere 274 (July 2021): 129676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129676.

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Gumińska, Jolanta, and Adam Gumiński. "Application of recycled sludge to stabilize coagulation process." Water Supply 16, no. 6 (2016): 1571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.083.

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In conventional treatment of variable quality mountain water, an inability to immediately adjust the coagulant dose to variations in water quality causes overdose or underdose of coagulant in relation to its optimal value. The results of the research showed that the reuse of post-coagulation sludge was an effective method to maintain high and stable coagulation effectiveness under both polyaluminium chloride (PACl) overdose and underdose conditions. Recycled sludge contains a large portion of insoluble aluminium hydroxides that could be utilized in underdose PACl conditions. Post-coagulation s

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Mohammed, Dr Thamer J., and Jasim M. Jasim. "Treatment of Wastewater Associated With Crude Oil in Reservoirs." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 9, no. 2 (2021): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v9i2.292.

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The produced water or wastewater resulting from the oil reservoirs in Basrah Petroleum Company / Zubair 1 Warehouse causes very high pollution in the land. The aim of this study is to find possible ways to treat such produced water and to remove turbidity through coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and adsorption. Experimental tests of the properties for natural produced water such as turbidity, pH, TDS, TSS, and oil content found out that oil content = 137 mg/L and turbidity = 122 NTU. The produced water is treated with two types of coagulant poly aluminum chloride, alum and with two oth

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Wang, Yu Heng, Shu Juan Chen, Zhong Zhi Zhang, Zi He Ren, and Hui Lin Ma. "Enhanced Coagulation with Chitosan-Modified Clays in Treatment of Micro-Polluted Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.650.

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Using chitosan-modified diatomaceous earth (DE) to treat micro-polluted water by coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (C/F/S), the results indicated that the modified DE could apparently increase the removal rates of turbidity and UV254 in comparison with adding DE alone, and the optimal ratio between chitosan and DE was 1:40. With the compounding of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and modified DE, the treatment effect was obviously improved by coagulation aid of modified DE under adding the same PAC dosage. The best removal rates of turbidity and UV254 reached 96.2% and 47.9% respectively with

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Wu, Silin, Yuyang Zhu, Wei Zhu, Shi Shu, and Yan Cui. "A study on the differences in the flocculation of dredged slurries and the influencing mechanisms." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (2019): 1751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.428.

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Abstract In the water treatment process of natural water bodies, a large amount of dredged slurry with high water content is generated and required for treatment. The coagulation–flocculation method can improve the efficiency of separation, and a suitable scheme is of great significance. It is unclear whether there is a significant difference in flocculation and separation of dredged slurries from different sources and which constituents dominate this process. Facing these problems, the tests were conducted for dredged sediments from 10 different sources, including rivers, lake, and ocean. Und

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Turlej, Tymoteusz. "Multiflux sedimentation process of industrial suspensions without addition of a flocculant." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900119.

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The development of a closed-circular economy is an opportunity to increase its competitiveness and reduce operating costs. Repeated use of water taken from the environment in industrial plants has been used for many years. An important aspect is to maintain the required physicochemical parameters throughout the entire process. The required physicochemical parameters should be maintained by applying appropriate purification processes. The use of a closed cycle of water circulation in production processes allows reducing the load of sewage affecting the environment. Mechanical treatment of waste

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Bérubé, D., and C. C. Dorea. "Optimizing alum coagulation for turbidity, organics, and residual Al reductions." Water Supply 8, no. 5 (2008): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.090.

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Increases in residual dissolved Al from alum coagulation associated with low water temperatures should be minimised to avoid problems in the distribution mains and as a precautionary approach to possible health effects of Al. Temperature-controlled jar-tests (0.1 to 17.0°C) were used to evaluate optimisation of a plant using alum coagulation at pH 6.0 followed by activated silicate addition. pH adjustment was assessed during coagulation and flocculation (i.e. before and after activated silicate) in order to control residual Al by precipitation without affecting turbidity and natural organic ma

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Phung, Sy Chi. "Experimental study on application of a new charging flocculation agent for catfish farming water treatment in Vinh Long province." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (2014): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1308.

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The charging flocculation agent “Kiyomaru” is a natural inorganic substance produced from volcanic ash (“Shirasu”) by calcining it in the special firing furnace to generate high porosity, then applying a strong electric charge to some substances included in the ingredient of “Shirasu” by special processing. “Kiyomaru” consists of 24.7 % Na, 11.5 % Al, 19.6 % Si, 22.5 % S, 1.8 % K, 19.0% Ca, 09% Fe, which can consider as an ecological water depurative, having rapid rate of flocculation and sedimentation, cheaper facility cost, simplification of post-processing sludge, low cost and high performa

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Sciban, Marina, Mirjana Vasic, Jelena Prodanovic, Mirjana Antov, and Mile Klasnja. "The investigation of coagulation activity of natural coagulants extracted from different strains of common bean." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 41 (2010): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1041141s.

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Coagulation and flocculation by adding chemicals are the methods that are usually used for removal of water turbidity. This study is concerned with the coagulation activity of extracts of various strains of bean. The aim was to ascertain if bean varieties influence coagulation activity. Active components were extracted from 1 g of ground sample with 100 ml distilled water. Contents of dry matter and nitrogen were specified in the solid samples, and the content of soluble nitrogen was determined in the extracts. These data were used to calculate the efficiency of extraction of nitrogen-containi

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Nayeri, Danial, and Seyyed Alireza Mousavi. "Treatment of highly turbid water in disaster conditions using coagulation-flocculation process: modeling and optimization." Water Quality Research Journal 55, no. 4 (2020): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2020.120.

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Abstract In the present research, the coagulation-flocculation (CF) process was used to eliminate highly turbid water in disaster conditions. To better understand the efficiency of the system, the impact of various numerical factors namely; initial turbidity (10–350 NTU), pH (5–9), coagulant dosage (50–250 mg/L), rapid mixing (120–280 rpm), slow mixing (30–50 rpm), and sedimentation time (10–50 min) were optimized through the central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), the quadratic model was more suitable for the dataset with

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