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Journal articles on the topic 'Coal crushing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Xu, Dengke, Chaomin Mu, Wenqing Zhang, and Zhongqing Li. "Research on Energy Dissipation Laws of Coal Crushing under the Impact Loads." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563196.

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Dynamic crushing characteristics of coals are closely related with energy absorption and release of coals under certain strain rate. Hence, it is necessary to investigate energy dissipation laws of coal crushing under the impact loads with different strain rates. Based on the dynamic and static mechanical tests, crushing energy, total absorption energy, total releasable elastic latent energy, and relations between fractal feature of fragments, mean particle diameter and energy during crushing behaviors of outburst coal and nonoutburst coal were investigated. According to research results, crushing energy, total absorption energy, and releasable elastic latent energy of outburst coal and nonoutburst coal are related with strain rate, and they present exponential growths with the increase of the strain rate. However, the energy dissipation rate (ratio of crushing energy and incident energy) was basically constant at about 10%∼20%, that is, energy dissipation rate is a variable unrelated with strain rate. There is a good logarithmic relationship between the dynamic compressive strength of coals and the absorption energy density and elastic latent energy density, and dynamic comprehensive strength of coals has important impacts on energy absorption. The fractal features of coal fragments were obvious under dynamic impacts. The higher fractal dimension of fragment and the smaller mean particle diameter of experimental fragments bring the greater energy needed.

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2

Dubrovsky, V. A., Y. V. Isakov, and I. I. Potapov. "Water-Coal Suspension Preparation Using Electrohydraulic Coal Breakage Method." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.657.

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This paper presents the results of an investigation into obtaining water-coal suspension from brown coals of Kansk-Achinsk basin using the electrohydraulic method. The obtained results are the basis for developing the technology of obtaining water-coal suspension using electrohydraulic crushing.

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3

Miroshnichenko, D. V. "Crushing properties of coal." Coke and Chemistry 56, no. 12 (December 2013): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x13120090.

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4

Yang, Daolong, Yanxiang Wang, Bangsheng Xing, Yanting Yu, Yuntao Wang, and Youtao Xia. "Recent Patents on Roll Crushing Mills for Selective Crushing of Coal and Gangue." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797613666200109112255.

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Background: Gangue is the concomitant product of coal mining. The traditional approach for gangue treatment is to transport it from underground to ground level to accumulate and form gangue hills. Objective: On the basis of summarizing previous research results, this paper introduces the hydraulic roller crusher and the electric machine built-in coal gangue roller crusher, which avoids the complex transmission problems caused by the movement of the central axis when the roller crusher is allowed to roll. Methods: The hydraulic counter-roll crusher directly separates large pieces of coal and underground gangue such that large pieces of coal gangue do not escape from the well. The electric machine built-in roller crusher is an explosion-proof electric machine used in the crushing roller. Results: Both of these crushers can be used in the selective crushing technology of coal gangue in a coal mine and can meet the requirements of crushing different material sizes and generally avoid the centre of the roller crusher. Conclusion: Both of these crushers reduce transportation costs, minimise land occupation, prevent surface subsidence, decrease environmental treatment costs, reduce environmental pollution, and decrease the transport volume of gangue underground. Various patents have been discussed in this article.

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5

Zhang, Li Song, Xiang Zhen Yan, and Xiu Juan Yang. "Classification Prediction Method Used in Coal Crushing." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.268.

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Coal principal stresses with reservoir plane is analyzed, consequently coal seam crushed classification method is presented based on Hoek-Brown criterion. According to the coefficient of coal crushing, coal seam crushed coefficient size, four grades of A,B,C,D are divided for coal crushed degree along wellbore direction, and coal crushed classification standard is determined. Using the classification method and standard, the distribution regularity of coal crushing is studied for ZP-05 Well in QinShui basin. The research results show that coal crushing of ZP-05 is considered as grade B. The prediction results agree well with the measured values.

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6

Miroshnichenko, D. V., V. V. Koval, S. V. Fatenko, and Y. V. Nikolaichuk. "Crushing Properties of Coal 2. Binary Coal Blends." Coke and Chemistry 63, no. 11 (November 2020): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x20110046.

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7

Wang, Yang, Hong Wei Yan, Hui Shan Lu, and Qiang Gao. "Research of Crushing Mechanism Based on Pulverized Coal Sample Preparation System." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1618.

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Coal is the main material for human’s production and livelihood, and human pay more attention to it. Nowadays, Chinese crushing equipment’s volume is bigger, in view of this phenomenon, the author put forward to design a pulverized coal intelligent sample preparation device. This design not only has small size, but also has coarse crushing, drying, screening, grinding, grading and pulverized coal’s intelligent detection. It can well detect pulverized coal’s composition and year. In this paper, the author research on this mechanism’s coarse crushing device. Firstly, the author analyze the composition of coal to make a better foundation for crushing, then introduce the overall process of coarse crushing, and research the various parts of working principle and related parameters.

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8

Zheng, Wen Xiang, Ming Sun, and Wan Dong Han. "Experimental Research on Critical Force of Crushing and Sorting Coal Mine Gangue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.26.

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First, The pressure test on two actual coal mine irregular and different particle sizes of coal and gangue, through the experimental data, using MATLAB software to give a graphic simulation and assumptions test of normal distribution, by the graphics and hypothetical test confirmed that coal and gangue had obvious demarcation, namely the critical force of crushing and storing coal gangue. In a coal mine as an example,and acquisiting more irregular and different particle sizes of coal and gangue were broken by static experiments and dynamic crushing experiment, using the experimental data obtained pressure distribution and pressure distribution curve equation,by equation to solve the crushing critical force FL of the size of 50-90mm coal and gangue,through mathematical and graphical analysis proved the rationality of FL,and providing a basic data for the future work.

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9

KINOSHITA, Masaaki, Yoshiki YAMAGUCHI, and Hirohisa YOSHIDA. "Crushing of coal by bowl mill." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 69, no. 9 (1990): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.69.9_787.

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10

ORGANISCAK, JOHN A., and STEVEN J. PAGE. "Airborne Dust Liberation During Coal Crushing." Coal Preparation 21, no. 5-6 (December 2000): 423–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349340108945630.

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11

Bao, Haiming, and Ruixin Zhang. "Study on Optimization of Coal Truck Flow in Open-Pit Mine." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848140.

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A semicontinuous process system consisting of a single-bucket excavator, truck, crushing station, and belt conveyor is the main coal mining process system of a large-scale hard coal open-pit mine. Through analyzing the coal mining production process, the key issues of coal mining truck flow optimization are obtained. Statistical method of using triangular fuzzy numbers analyzes the key time parameters of coal mining truck flow. Taking one shift, the minimum expected value of number of trucks, as the objective function, the fuzzy expectation of the coal mining semicontinuous process system is established with the constraints of the truck flow continuity at the loading and unloading point, the production capacity of the electric shovel, the production capacity of the crushing station, coal quality, and coal mining production tasks. The truck flow planning model is solved using particle swarm intelligence algorithm. The simulation results show that the result of truck flow planning can effectively reduce truck number, truck dispatching number, transportation costs, and truck queuing. The fuzzy expected truck flow planning model established by the study is suitable for solving the problem of optimizing and matching the production capacity in the process which links electric shovel, truck, and crushing station. It can effectively improve the production efficiency of electric shovel mining, truck transportation, and crushing station.

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12

Samadhi, Tjokorde Walmiki, Tishi T. Daulay, M. Firmansyah, and Tjandra Setiadi. "Pembakaran ulang abu bawah batubara." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 7, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.3.1.

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The high carbon content of coal bottom ashes collected from several textile manufacturing plants in the Bandung area is indicative of an opportunity for energy utilization efficiency improvement by re-combustion of the bottom ashes. This research examines the technical feasibility of bottom ash utilization as a raw material for solid fuel briquette manufacturing. This paper discusses the measurement of the impact of bottom ash content on ignition time and crushing strength of the briquette. Bottom ash content is varied in the 0-50 %-weight range (binder and moisture-free basis). The ignition time of the briquette varies in the 4.4 – 9.9 minutes range. The ignition time of the briquette is proportional to its bottom ash content, due to the decrease in its volatile matter content. The crushing strength of the briquette varies in the 13.4 – 27.1 kgf/cm2 range, which is comparable to that of typical bulk sub-bituminous coals. A 10 %-weight addition of fresh coal powder to the briquette significantly increases its crushing strength, while further adition of coal powder does not significantly increase the crushing strength.Keywords : bottom ash, briquette, coal, energy efficiencyAbstrakTingginya kadar karbon dalam abu bawah batubara yang dihasilkan oleh boiler unggun tetap di sejumlah pabrik tekstil di wilayah Bandung mengisyaratkan peluang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pembangkitan energi melalui pembakaran ulang abu bawah tersebut. Penelitian ini mengkaji kelayakan teknis pemanfaatan abu bawah sebagai bahan baku briket bahan bakar padat. Percobaan yang dilaksanakan bertujuan mengukur pengaruh kadar abu bawah dalam briket terhadap waktu penyalaan dan kekuatan mekanik produk briket. Kadar abu bawah divariasikan pada rentang 0-50 %-berat (basis bebas aditif perekat dan air). Waktu penyalaan briket berkisar pada 4,4 – 9,9 menit. Waktu penyalaan berbanding lurus dengan kadar abu bawah karena berkurangnya kadar zat terbang briket. Kuat remuk (crushing strength) briket berkisar pada 13,4-27,1 kgf/cm2, yang sepadan dengan kuat remuk batubara sub-bituminus bongkahan. Penambahan serbuk batubara segar sebesar 10 %-berat memberikan peningkatan kuat remuk yang signifikan, sementara penambahan lebih lanjut serbuk batubara segar tidak meningkatkan kuat remuk briket.Kata kunci : abu bawah, briket, batubara, efisiensi energi

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13

Xiao, Jing Hao. "Study on Crushing and Separation of Coal and Gangue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.31.

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In this paper, the pressurization of irregular ores was first discussed so as to make an analysis on the causes for the great difference between measured result and actual ores, and then a preliminary pressure experiment was made on a certain quantity of coal and gangue samples extracted from Du'erping Coal Mine through electronic universal testing machine. Therefore, the selective crushing and separation of coal and gangue was preliminarily tested through the testing machine so as to obtain the selective crushing pressure distribution curves of coal and gangue, and then the curves were drawn based on its numerical distribution. The two curves drawn in this way were placed in the same coordinate, and the optimized control of the separation and selection of coal and gangue was made according to the probability values in the coordinate, so as to find a reasonable pressure boundary value and also prove that the separation and selection of coal and gangue are with certain feasibility.

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14

Wei, Like, Qingxin Qi, Hongyan Li, Bin Zhang, Yongren Wang, and Linghai Kong. "A Case Study of Damage Energy Analysis and an Early Warning by Microseismic Monitoring for Large Area Roof Caving in Shallow Depth Seams." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709459.

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Shallow depth coal seams are widely spread in Shendong mining area, which is located in the Northwestern region of China. When working face is advanced out of concentrated coal pillar in upper room and pillar goaf, strong strata behaviors often cause support crushing accidents, and potentially induce large area residual pillars instability and even wind blast disaster. In order to predict the precise time when the accident happens, guaranteeing life-safety of miner, microseismic monitoring system was for the first time applied in shallow coal seam. Based on damage mechanics correlation theory, the damage energy model is established to describe relationship between damage level and cumulative energy of microseismic events. According to microseismic monitoring data of two support crushing accidents, the damage energy model is verified and an effective early warning method of these accidents is proposed. The field application showed that the early warning method had avoided miners suffering from all support crushing accidents in Shigetai coal mine.

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15

Yan, Hong Wei, Yang Wang, Hui Shan Lu, and Qiang Gao. "Research on PLC Based Pulverized Coal Sample Preparation Transfer Mechanize." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1622.

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In view of China’s current coal crushing equipment size is too large, this paper aim to design a small coal sample preparation system. This system utilizes the principle of the cone crusher for coarse crushing, and after the pulverized coal is dried in drying apparatus, it will let the pulverized coal enters into the fine grinding device from fixed screening device. The pulverized coal pulverized by fine grinding apparatus, classification by the classification device, and enters into the infrared light detecting device from transmission apparatus to detect its composition. This device’s transmission is based on control of PLC to achieve. At first, this paper describe the operating principle of PLC, then select the hardware and software components of transfer part, and simulate the control part at last.

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16

Liu, Song Yong, Hong Xiang Jiang, and Kui Dong Gao. "Simulation of Coal Mechanical Characteristics with Discrete Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.117.

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Base on the parallel-bond model in PFC2D(Particle Flow Code in two Dimension) used to describe the contact between coal micro-particles, DEM(Discrete Element Method) model of coal has been established, so that the coal uniaxial compression test could be investigated. By comparing the simulation result and experimental result, it is clear that DEM is suitable to simulate the mechanical characteristics and failure mode of coal. The effects of micro-parameters on the constitutive behaviors of coal simulation sample are discussed, they can provide basis for designing DEM model of other analogous coals with differenet mechanical characteristics. The microparameters of coal DEM model obtained in simulation test could be a guilding role for further developing the applicability of the DEM in coal mining, crushing and some other aspects.

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17

Sorabh Gupta, A., and C. P. C. Tewari. "Simulation Model for Coal Crushing System of a Typical Thermal Power Plant." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (2009): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2009.v1.29.

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18

Atrushkevich, Victor, Nam Bui Juan, Artem Atrushkevich, and Alberto Rodriguez. "Resource-Saving Quality Management Systems of Coal Products Using the DSKA-4m Сomplexes." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184101022.

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The article presents developed and widely implemented processing technologies of mining enterprises (crushing, classification, averaging adjustment screen composition, dehydration, loading, storage, reducing the ash content and moisture source)-based complexes DSKA. Offers innovative technical software allows mining companies and companies to create and consumers, in accordance with fluctuations in the market, to adjust flows of products providing a wide range of quality. Coal crushing and classification equipment is widely used in coal mines, sea and river ports, railway terminals and large coalstorage yards. However, drawbacks of the conventional technologies used in crushing (jaw, cone, rotary and rolling crushers), sizing (on low-frequency high-amplitude screens) and conveying (belt conveyors) worsen efficiency of production and decrease its attractiveness as investment. Besides, the preparation plants in service cannot, as a rule, ensure the integrated and adjustment-flexible approach to providing the desired quality of coal end product.

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19

Matusiak, Piotr, Daniel Kowol, Tomasz Suponik, Dawid M. Franke, Paweł M. Nuckowski, Barbara Tora, and Radosław Pomykała. "Selective Crushing of Run-of-Mine as an Important Part of the Hard Coal Beneficiation Process." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113167.

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To obtain commercial product of required quantitative and qualitative parameters, hard coal must be subjected to a number of processing operations. Preliminary stone removal from run-of-mine is one of them. Methods of such removal, including the method of selective crushing are described. Design solutions for a KOMAG-type device for dry stone removal of run-of-mine are presented. The results of laboratory tests for selective crushing susceptibility of steam coal and coke are presented, and a comparative analysis of the tested types of coal is made. Possibilities of increasing the production of commercial products by using a Bradford drum crusher is analyzed from the economical point of view.

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20

Xu, Runsheng, Shuliang Deng, Wei Wang, Heng Zheng, Shaopeng Chen, Xiaoming Huang, and Fangfang Wang. "Effect of Binders on the Crushing Strength of Ferro-Coke." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040850.

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Ferro-coke, as a new burden of blast furnace (BF), can not only greatly reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission, but also promote the resource utilization by using the low-quality iron ore and low-grade coal. However, the strength of ferro-coke decreased with the increasing amount of iron ore powder. In order to maintain the strength of ferro-coke while increasing the amount of iron ore powder, it is necessary to add binder during the coking process to enhance the strength of ferro-coke. In this paper, phenolic resin, silicon metal powder, corn starch, and coal tar pitch were used as binder for the fabrication of ferro-coke. I-type drum machine (I 600), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to test the crushing strength, morphology, and microcrystalline structure of the ferro-coke. The results showed that the increasing amount of iron ore powder resulted in lower crushing strength, higher porosity, and the worse macroscopic morphology of ferro-coke. When the amount of iron ore powder reached 40%, obvious cracks appeared on the surface of ferro-coke. When the amount of iron ore was 30%, the crushing strength of ferro-coke dropped to 18.15%. Among the four binders, coal tar pitch could significantly enhance the cold crushing strength of ferro-coke through decreasing the porosity of ferro-coke and improving the bonding effect between carbon matrix particles. In the case of the 10% coal tar pitch addition, the cold crushing strength of ferro-coke was increased from 18.15% to 76.41%; meanwhile, its hot compression strength during gasification improved by 100N.

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21

Pankaj, P. K., S. K. Kushwaha, K. K. Manjhi, T. K. Das, and A. Gupta. "Effect of Coal-Blend Crushing on Coke Quality." International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 37, no. 3 (February 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2016.1140651.

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22

Luo, Jiayuan, Gun Huang, Long Zhang, Fei Huang, and Jie Zheng. "Micro shape of coal particle and crushing energy." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 28, no. 6 (November 2018): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.03.001.

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23

Hu, Xiu Ming, Rui Chen Ren, and Cai Xia Li. "Study of Feasibility and Technology of Recleaning Middlings of Coking Coal." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.301.

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The status of coking coal resources and the utilization of the middlings of coking coal are analyzed in this paper, and the necessity and practicability of middlings’ rewashing is held up. Middlings of BaBao Industrial Park Coal Preparation Plant is used as sample of experiment test, through size analysis and float-and-sink test, the feasibility of middlings’ rewash is demonstrated. Two kindes of separation processes are presented : ⑴crushing-coarse and thin slime are separated separately; ⑵crushing-grinding-froth flotation. Scheme 2 is appropriate for the separation of Babao middings.Experiments confirm that the scheme 2 would be more suitable for the middlings’ separation, and the cleaned coal’s production rate of is 31.88% , the ash content is 14.4%. So there are high social benefits and economic benefits. Reclean middlings of coking coal is a new direction for the protection of coking coal resources, in the meantime, it comply with the environmental requirements and is an important measure to realize the sustainable development.

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24

Cui, Guang Wen, Ming Yang Sun, Guo Yang Song, and Hui Zhao. "Study of Desulphurization and Deashing for High Sulfur Coal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3818.

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A new method to determine the crushing size for Desulfurization and deashing is introduced. By this method, the proper crushing size of 3mm for the high sulfur coal in this research is obtained. Three cone hydrocyclone is used as the separation equipment for -3mm size fraction. Ep (Probable error) values from three cone hydrocyclone’s performance on different size fractions are discussed and an Ep value of 0.073 was achieved from three cone hydrocyclone’s treatment of 3mm-0.2mm size fraction. A desulfurization and deashing process is designed which leads to a satisfactory desulfurization and deashing result.

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25

Misra, D. D. "Computer simulation of the liberation process in coal crushing." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 28, no. 6 (November 1991): A371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)91454-y.

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26

Wu, Xin, Yawen Peng, Jiang Xu, Qiao Yan, Wen Nie, and Tingting Zhang. "Experimental study on evolution law for particle breakage during coal and gas outburst." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-019-00284-1.

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AbstractCoal and gas outburst is a dynamic phenomenon in underground mining engineering that is often accompanied by the throwing and breakage of large amounts of coal. To study the crushing effect and its evolution during outbursts, coal samples with different initial particle sizes were evaluated using a coal and gas outburst testing device. Three basic particle sizes, 5–10 mesh, 10–40 mesh, and 40–80 mesh, as well as some mixed particle size coal samples were used in tests. The coal particles were pre-compacted at a pressure of 4 MPa before the tests. The vertical ground stress (4 MPa) and the horizontal ground stress (2.4 MPa) were initially simulated by the hydraulic system and maintained throughout. During the tests, the samples were first placed in a vacuum for 3 h, and the coal was filled with gas (CH4) for an adsorption time of approximately 5 h. Finally, the gas valve was shut off and the coal and gas outburst was induced by quickly opening the outburst hole. The coal particles that were thrown out by the outburst test device were collected and screened based on the particle size. The results show the following. (1) Smaller particle sizes have a worse crushing effect than larger sizes. Furthermore, the well-graded coal particles are weakly broken during the outburst process. (2) As the number of repeated tests increases, the relative breakage index grows; however, the increment of growth decreases after each test, showing that further fragmentation becomes increasingly difficult.

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27

Yang, Zeng-Qiang, Chang Liu, Guo-An Wang, Gang-Wei Li, and Feng-Shuo Li. "Structural Characteristics Analysis of Overlying Rocks and Prevention Measures with a Long-Wall Face Passing Across Abandoned Roadways: A Case Study." Shock and Vibration 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665341.

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In order to study the occurrence mechanism of advanced coal pillar instability failure and support crushing accidents during a long-wall face passing across abandoned roadways period, the Panel LW3101 in Shenghua Colliery was taken as a typical engineering background. By means of in situ investigation, physical simulation experiment, theoretical analysis, in situ tests, and relevant monitoring methods, the occurrence mechanism and prevention measures are studied. The results show that the bearing stress in advanced coal pillar is accumulated larger and larger with the width of advanced coal pillar gradually decreasing, and meanwhile, the key stratum in overlying strata would also be sliding instability under some minimum critical width condition; the sudden failure of advanced coal pillar which leads to a sharp increase of bending moment is the key factor that induces fracture of the main roof in front of long-wall face, and the advanced fracture of the main roof can be prevented by changing the stress state of the advanced coal pillar from a two-dimensional state to a three-dimensional state; the method of backfilling abandoned roadway is used to improve the stability of advanced coal pillar and the corresponding monitoring results verify that this method is effective. The research conclusions provide a theoretical foundation and new guidance for preventing advanced coal pillar instability failure and support crushing accidents under a long-wall face passing across abandoned roadways condition.

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28

Mir, Fahad. "Washability Characteristics of Low Volatile Pakistani Coking Coal by Crushing." Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 02, no. 05 (2014): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2014.25050.

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29

Lyalyuk, V. P., E. O. Shmeltser, I. A. Lyakhova, and D. A. Kassim. "Changes in the petrographic composition of coal batch on crushing." Coke and Chemistry 60, no. 2 (February 2017): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x1702003x.

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30

Gerasimov, A. M., V. V. Lazareva, A. D. Samukov, and V. M. Strahov. "Assessment of the Distribution of Mineral Inclusions and Coal Crushing." Coke and Chemistry 62, no. 9 (September 2019): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x19090023.

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31

Gong, Xue Min, Jia Yong Zhang, and Li Wen Guo. "Numerical Simulation of Roadway Deformation of Different Cutting Aperture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.892.

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Using ANSYS finite element analysis software, the crushing effect and wall rock deformation of a small high-pressure jet impacting coal were given numerical simulation analysis. It verified that impacting increased exposed area of coal in punch, providing conditions for pressure relief of internal coal seam and gas seepage. through comprehensive analysis of the rock stress and coal displacement of different roadway models after undercutting, it was determined that aperture size was 4/15 or so of roadway floor length, thus roadway fissures developed full, and maintained rock integrity, in favor of speeding up the face driving.

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32

Lu, Xiang, and Li Jun Ren. "Design and Application of High-Efficiency and Energy-Saving Liner in Coal Pulverizer." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.237.

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The process of liner wear and the changing characteristics of the ability of crushing and grinding in the coal pulverizer are analyzed, a new type of cylinder liner is developed, which has a multi-step wave crest. The small balls on the liner are stuck by the steps, in this way, the wear of the liner wave crest is lightened, so it can keep a long-term stability, it also can take the balls to a reasonable height, increase the number of the balls which are taken by the wave crest and make the dropping points scattered, as result of that, it substantially increased the coal pulverizer's crushing and grinding efficiency; Also the wave crest of the liner can be dismantled from the base plate and individually replaced, so it made a great reduce in the material consumption of liner. The test shows that, with appropriate use of the balls, the liner can reduce the ball charge by 35-50%, reduce power consumption by 30-40%，it also can keep the coal pulverizer's output and improve milling fineness.

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Patrakov, Yu F., and S. A. Semenova. "Determination of the wetting angle using gas bubble method." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-4-38-42.

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Most of the technological processes of coal mining and primary processing (transportation, crushing, and enrichment) depend on the physical and chemical properties of the external surface of coal particles. When determining the wetting angle — the wettability characteristics of the coal surface — the method of preparing the working surface of the sample and the choice of the measurement procedure (a drop of liquid on a solid surface or fixing a gas bubble on the surface of coal placed in water) are of great importance. We present the results of determining the contact angle of wetting using an air bubble. The working surface was prepared by briquetting a powdered sample. Scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction analysis of the particle size distribution were used for surface characterization and fractional analysis of carbon particles. It is shown that the contact angle of wetting depends on the particle size, mineral composition of coal, and pressing pressure. At the same time, when determining the wetting angle, the optimal particle size and pressing pressure of the briquette are <100 μm and ~500 MPa, respectively. The obtained results can be used to improve technologies for mining, conversion and dressing of coals.

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34

Ma, Qing Qing, and Hua Liu. "Analysis of Obstacle of Development and Application that Coal Gangue Used in China Road Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.510.

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Coal gangue as road engineering material can sovle the problems of energy saving and environmental protection.Experimental datas of grain size distribution,crushing value,slake durability index,expansivity,liquid limit index,plastic limit index and water absorption showed that its own characteristics are in line with the requirements of road engineering materials. There are successful cases of application of coal gangue in road constructions both here and abroad. Principal component analysis is used to identify four major factors of coal gangue applications in road construction.Put forward 5 urgent problems to be solved and give a few corresponding suggestions.

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Nomura, Seiji, Takashi Arima, Atsushi Dobashi, and Kazuhide Doi. "Coking Pressure Control by Selective Crushing of High Coking Pressure Coal." Tetsu-to-Hagane 96, no. 5 (2010): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.96.265.

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Berkutov, N. A., Yu V. Stepanov, P. V. Shtark, L. A. Makhortova, N. K. Popova, D. A. Koshkarov, and N. V. Tsarev. "Selective batch crushing in the coal-preparation shop at OAO NTMK." Coke and Chemistry 50, no. 5 (May 2007): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x07050018.

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Nomura, Seiji, Takashi Arima, Atsushi Dobashi, and Kazuhide Doi. "Coking Pressure Control by Selective Crushing of High Coking Pressure Coal." ISIJ International 51, no. 9 (2011): 1425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.51.1425.

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38

Tang, Yibo. "Sources of underground CO: Crushing and ambient temperature oxidation of coal." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 38 (November 2015): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2015.08.007.

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39

Gong, Peilin, Tong Zhao, Kaan Yetilmezsoy, and Kang Yi. "Mechanical Modeling of Roof Fracture Instability Mechanism and Its Control in Top-Coal Caving Mining under Thin Topsoil of Shallow Coal Seam." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1986050.

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This study aimed to explore the safe and efficient top-coal caving mining under thin topsoil of shallow coal seam (SCS) and realize the optimization of hydraulic support. Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were used to reveal the stress distribution of the topsoil, the structure characteristics of the main roof blocks, and the development of the roof subsidence convergence. Step subsidence of the initial fractured main roof after sliding destabilization frequently existed, which seriously threatened the safety of the hydraulic supports. Hence, a mechanical model of the main roof blocks, where the topsoil thickness was less than the minimum height of the unloading arch, was established, and the mechanical criterion of the stability was achieved. The working resistance of the hydraulic support was calculated, and the reasonable type was optimized so as to avoid crushing accident. Findings of the present analysis indicated that the hydraulic support optimization was mainly affected by fractured main roof blocks during the first weighting. According to the block stability mechanical model based on Mohr–Coulomb criterion, the required working resistance and the supporting intensity were determined as 4899 kN and 0.58 MPa, respectively. The ZZF5200/19/32S low-position top-coal caving hydraulic support was selected for the studied mine and support-surrounding rock stability control of thin-topsoil SCS could be achieved without crushing accident.

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40

Kamarova, Saule, Saule Abildinova, and Angel Terziev. "Study of the thermodynamic efficiency of solid fuel preparation systems of a thermal power plant based on an exergy analysis of the operation of subsystems." E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020702005.

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Own energy consumption needs at combined heat and power plant depends on the type and installed capacity of the main and auxiliary equipment installed on-site, as well as the type of the fuel and combustion method used. The coal dust preparation system, in turn, is the most energy- intensive part of coal mining. Therefore, methods for improving the operation of the fuel path of a combined heat and power plant and the technology for producing coal dust are very relevant. The present study proposes a comprehensive methodology for determining the thermodynamic efficiency of solid fuel preparation systems at combined heat and power plant 2 (CHP-2) in the city of Temirtau of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Outdated equipment is operated at the CHP and there is virtually no automation of technological processes related with the solid fuel preparation system. The scientific novelty of the work is the theoretical study and analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of an individual dust preparation system with an intermediate hopper when grinding coal. The thermal and thermodynamic calculations based on the determination of exergy efficiency for individual units of the dust system and the system as a whole allow to propose means to increase the efficiency of the coal industry and give recommendations to reduce energy costs for the plant’s own needs. As a recommendation to reduce energy costs for the preparation of coal dust, the installation of a crushing press with a studded surface is proposed, which allows grinding large pieces of coal to optimal sizes (25 mm) in the absence of preliminary crushing of the material on-site. An automation scheme for the entire dust preparation system is proposed, including automation of the operation of the intermediate coal dust bin. Automatic control of the supply of coal dust from the intermediate hopper allows to determine the exact fuel consumption of the steam boiler, which were not permissible under the previous conditions of the dust system due to the use of a semi-mechanical method of regulating the supply of coal dust to the boiler.

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Dai, Linchao, Yanbao Liu, Jie Cao, Xuelin Yang, Haitao Sun, Guangcai Wen, and Bo Wang. "A Study on the Energy Condition and Quantitative Analysis of the Occurrence of a Coal and Gas Outburst." Shock and Vibration 2019 (July 28, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8651353.

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With mining depths increasing, coal and gas outburst disasters are becoming more and more serious and complicated, which directly restricts the production efficiency of coal mines. In order to study the rules of energy dissipation during the occurrence of a coal and gas outburst based on the occurrence mechanisms, a simulation experiment of a coal and gas outburst with a ground stress of 16 MPa and a gas pressure of 0.5 MPa was carried out using a self-developed large-scale coal and gas outburst simulation experimental system. A quantitative analysis was given based on the energy model. The results showed the following: (1) In the process of the coal and gas outburst, the main energy source originated from the elastic potential energy of the coal body and the gas internal energy. The main energy loss was used for coal crushing and throwing. (2) The outburst coal sample in this experiment had a mass of 18.094 kg, and the relative outburst intensity was 1.21%. Additionally, the farthest throwing distance of the outburst coal samples was 3.3 m away from the outburst hole wall. The distribution of the outburst coal sample decreased along the roadway, and the proportion of the coal sample grain size in each area first decreased and then increased with the decrease of the grain size. The coal samples with a grain size less than 0.2 mm after the outburst accounted for 6.34% of the mass of the total coal samples. (3) The elastic potential energy of the coal body accounted for 0.34% of the total outburst energy, while the gas internal energy accounted for 99.66%. It was verified that gas internal energy was the key energy source for the coal and gas outburst, and this internal energy was two orders of magnitude more than the elastic potential energy, playing a leading role in the outburst process. After the outburst initiation, most of the energy was consumed in coal crushing, which was in the same order of magnitude as the gas internal energy. Moreover, the energy losses due to friction, vibration, and sound during the outburst process comprised no more than 10% of the total energy. The research results can provide certain guidance for clarifying the mechanism of a coal and gas outburst and the quantitative analysis of outburst energy.

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42

Lwin, Mark J. "The effect of different gases on the ultrasonic response of coal." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 5 (September 2011): E155—E163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2010-0206.1.

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To gauge the potential of seismic methods for the estimation of gas content in coal, the ultrasonic response of a sample saturated in turn with He, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] has been investigated. Specifically, traveltimes were used to determine P-wave velocity as a function of the difference between confining pressure and pore pressure. After crushing the sample to powder, adsorption isotherms for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were measured and then used to estimate the bulk densities, P-wave moduli, and impedances during the traveltime measurements. The data suggest a significant difference in density, P-wave modulus, and impedance under [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text] saturation. Though these findings are based on the assumption that adsorption capacity of the sample when confined was similar to that measured after crushing, they are also roughly supported by isostatic strain measurements taken during swelling. Two possible causes of this behavior are, first, the mechanical properties of the adsorbed phase may be more liquid than gaslike. Second, the swelling of coal under confining pressure should lead to the closure of soft pores, thus stiffening the frame.

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Liu, Chang, Zengqiang Yang, Peilin Gong, Kai Wang, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Junwen Zhang, and Yulin Li. "Accident Analysis in Relation to Main Roof Structure When Longwall Face Advances toward a Roadway: A Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3810315.

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Practices show that hydraulic supports crushing accidents or roadway supports failure often take place when a longwall face advances toward an abandoned roadway or a predriven equipment recovery room. Therefore, a 2D similar simulation experiment is conducted to reveal the loading mechanism. The result shows that when the workface advances close to roadways, the main roof breaks ahead of the workface and leads to instability of higher strata. These two changes induce a sharp increase of the load on supports and lead to an accident. Thus, more attention should be paid to the advanced fracture. Therefore, mechanical analysis is used to explain the advanced fracture. Results show that the failure of coal pillar being excavated induces a sharp increase in the main roof’s hanging length. Once the hanging length reaches the limit, the advanced fracture takes place. Therefore, the stability of the coal pillar and the hanging length of roof strata are two key factors that may induce an accident. To prevent the a similar supports crushing accident, the partial backfilled technology which partly backfills the abandoned roadway in height and length to maintain the stability of the coal pillar is put forward and put into practice. The field test shows a good effect.

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44

Ramadhani, M. Faisal, Nurhakim Nurhakim, and Romla Noor Hakim. "OPTIMASI DAN ESTIMASI BIAYA PENAMBANGAN DAN PENGOLAHAN BATUBARA DI PT BHUMI RANTAU ENERGI." Jurnal Himasapta 6, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jhs.v6i1.3434.

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PT Bhumi Rantau Energi (PT BRE) pada Bulan Agustus menargetkan peningkatan produktivitas dari 500 ton per jam menjadi 560 ton per jam. Untuk itu diperlukan evaluasi terhadap ketersediaan umpan, kemampuan pengolahan batubara dan pemuatan batubara produk. Belum adanya referensi biaya pada target baru untuk Pit Cendana Selatan Seam O membuat perlunya estimasi biaya, agar diketahui biaya per-ton pada penambangan batubara (coal getting) dan peremukan batubara (coal crushing). Estimasi biaya yang digunakan ada dua macam, yakni biaya kepemilikan (owning cost) dan biaya operasi (operating cost).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menghitung produktivitas aktual alat mekanis kemudian menganalisanya. Supaya mendapat hasil maksimal, maka diperlukan optimasi untuk menghasilkan target yang diinginkan. Setelah dibuat simulasi untuk kegiatan optimasinya, selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan trial, dimana setelah trial hasilnya akan dianalisis apakah mencapai target atau tidak. Setelah kegiatan trial mencapai target, akan dilakukan perhitungan estimasi biaya pada kegiatan penambangan batubara dan peremukan batubara.Pada trial, didapatkan produktivitas alat gali muat pada fleet 1 sebesar 291,376 ton/jam dan fleet 2 sebesar 290,926 ton/jam, dengan produktivitas Pit 583,302 ton/jam. Produktivitas alat umpan pada StockROM unit WL-01 sebesar 577,949 ton/jam. Produktivitas alat gali muat pada Stockcrushed unit WL-02 sebesar 284,598 ton/jam dan pada WL-03 sebesar 284,234 ton/jam, dengan produktivitas Stockcrushed 569,832 ton/jam. Estimasi biaya pada kegiatan coal getting didapat sebesar $ 0,707/ton dan pada kegiatan peremukan batubara (coal crushing) didapat estimasi sebesar $ 0,287/ton. Kata Kunci : Optimasi, Produktivitas, Estimasi Biaya

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45

Di, Yong Jiang, Bi Jia, and Jun Wang. "Synthesis and Microstructure of Porous Ceramics Made from Industrial Solid Residues." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.179.

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Industrial solid residues and poor quality clay as main raw material were used to prepare porous ceramic balls by ceramics process with coal and wood powder as pore-forming additive to improve the porosity of the ceramics ball. Effect of pore-forming additive on the properties of ceramic ball was investigated. The phase composition and section morphology of the ceramics balls was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The apparent porosity and crushing force of the ceramic balls were tested by Archimedes hydrostatic weighing method and crushing strength tester respectively. The tested results showed that the apparent porosity of the porous ceramic balls mainly influenced by species and addition amount of the pore-forming additive. The apparent porosity increases with the adding of the pore-forming additive. The apparent porosity and crushing force of the optimized porous ceramic balls was 49.68% and 1.17 kN respectively, which is a potential candidate used for waste water filtration.

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46

Votolin, K. S., S. I. Zherebtsov, M. Y. Klimovich, O. V. Smotrina, Z. R. Ismagilov, and Z. R. Ismagilov. ""PARAMETERS’ INFLUENCE OF CRUSHING BROWN COAL TO THE EXTRACTION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES "." Vestnik of Kuzbass State Technical University 17, no. 6 (2017): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26730/1999-4125-2017-6-204-209.

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47

Zhou, Jiawei, Yu Liu, Changlong Du, and Furong Wang. "Experimental Study on Crushing Characteristic of Coal and Gangue under Impact Load." International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 36, no. 5 (November 18, 2015): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2015.1114478.

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48

Ryszka, Bartlomiej, and Daniel Saramak. "Hard coal preparation in a single stage crushing circuit for gasification purposes." E3S Web of Conferences 8 (2016): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160801040.

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49

Miroshnichenko, D. V., V. V. Koval, and S. V. Fatenko. "Crushing Properties of Coal 3. Method of Determining the Protod’yakonov Strength Coefficient." Coke and Chemistry 64, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x2101004x.

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50

Wang, Xiaozhen, Weibing Zhu, Jialin Xu, Hongkai Han, and Xiang Fu. "Mechanism of Overlying Strata Structure Instability during Mining below Unconsolidated Confined Aquifer and Disaster Prevention." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041778.

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There is a layer of the unconsolidated confined aquifer (UCA) made of non-cemented sand and grit on the bed of Quaternary thick topsoil in many coal mines in east and north China. Existing on the bedrock of coal measures, it poses a serious threat to coal mine safety. Worse, it caused many supports crushing and water inrush disasters (SCWIDs) and resulted in significant economic losses. Aiming at the above problems, this paper adopts a simulation experiment, field measurement, engineering detection, and theoretical analysis to conduct the research. The research reveals the overburden’s destructive rules during mining under UCA. The results indicate that UCA plays an important role in the process of load transfer due to its mobility and replenishment in time. When mining close to the aquifer, the load transfer of aquifer leads to overburden breaking entirely and sliding instability of the bond-beam structure, then, the water flowing fractured zone develops rapidly and connects the aquifer, which is the fundamental reason for SCWID under the UCA. Based on the mechanism of SCWID, a prediction method of support crushing and water inrush hazard zones was put forward. Artificial pre-split blasting based on the location of a key stratum was applied to prevent SCWID. The proposed methods have been used in 7131 working face and safe mining was achieved.

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