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Academic literature on the topic 'Coal-fired furnaces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Coal-fired furnaces"

1

Wehrmeyer, Joseph A., David E. Boll, and Richard Smith. "Emission Spectroscopy for Coal-Fired Cyclone Furnace Diagnostics." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 8 (August 2003): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322258995.

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Using a spectrograph and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, ultraviolet and visible light emission spectra were obtained from a coal-burning electric utility's cyclone furnaces operating at either fuel-rich or fuel-lean conditions. The aim of this effort is to identify light emission signals that can be related to a cyclone furnace's operating condition in order to adjust its air/fuel ratio to minimize pollutant production. Emission spectra at the burner and outlet ends of cyclone furnaces were obtained. Spectra from all cyclone burners show emission lines for the trace elements Li, Na, K, and Rb, as well as the molecular species OH and CaOH. The Ca emission line is detected at the burner end of both the fuel-rich and fuel-lean cyclone furnaces but is not detected at the outlet ends of either furnace type. Along with the disappearance of Ca is a concomitant increase in the CaOH signal at the outlet end of both types of furnaces. The OH signal strength is in general stronger when viewing at the burner end rather than the exhaust end of both the fuel-rich and fuel-lean cyclone furnaces, probably due to high, non-equilibrium amounts of OH present inside the furnace. Only one molecular species was detected that could be used as a measure of air/fuel ratio: MgOH. It was detected at the burner end of fuel-rich cyclone furnaces but not detected in fuel-lean cyclone furnaces. More direct markers of air/fuel ratio, such as CO and O2 emission, were not detected, probably due to the generally weak nature of molecular emission relative to ambient blackbody emission present in the cyclone furnaces, even at ultraviolet wavelengths.

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2

von Bohnstein, Maximilian, Coskun Yildiz, Lorenz Frigge, Jochen Ströhle, and Bernd Epple. "Simulation Study of the Formation of Corrosive Gases in Coal Combustion in an Entrained Flow Reactor." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174523.

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Gaseous sulfur species play a major role in high temperature corrosion of pulverized coal fired furnaces. The prediction of sulfur species concentrations by 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation allows the identification of furnace wall regions that are exposed to corrosive gases, so that countermeasures against corrosion can be applied. In the present work, a model for the release of sulfur and chlorine species during coal combustion is presented. The model is based on the mineral matter transformation of sulfur and chlorine bearing minerals under coal combustion conditions. The model is appended to a detailed reaction mechanism for gaseous sulfur and chlorine species and hydrocarbon related reactions, as well as a global three-step mechanism for coal devolatilization, char combustion, and char gasification. Experiments in an entrained flow were carried out to validate the developed model. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of an entrained flow reactor were performed by CFD using the developed model. Calculated concentrations of SO2, H2S, COS, and HCl showed good agreement with the measurements. Hence, the developed model can be regarded as a reliable method for the prediction of corrosive sulfur and chlorine species in coal fired furnaces. Further improvement is needed in the prediction of some minor trace species.

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3

Walia, Garvit, and Cameron Stanley. "Feasibility Study On the Conversion of Coal-Fired Furnaces to Biomass-Fired Furnaces in Vietnam." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): p8614. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.02.2019.p8614.

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4

Wang, Xuebin, Zia Ur Rahman, Zhaomin Lv, Yiming Zhu, Renhui Ruan, Shuanghui Deng, Lan Zhang, and Houzhang Tan. "Experimental Study and Design of Biomass Co-Firing in a Full-Scale Coal-Fired Furnace with Storage Pulverizing System." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040810.

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Co-firing coal and biomass in existing power plants facilitates influential advancement in the use of renewable energy resources and carbon emissions reduction. Biomass is intended as a CO2-zero net emission because, during its rise, it uses the same fraction of CO2 from the air as that released during its combustion. In addition, the content of nitrogen and sulfur in biomass is lower than in coal. Therefore, the emissions of NOx and SOx can be minimized by co-firing it with coal. In general, the effect of biomass direct co-firing on safety, pulverizing system performance, furnace efficiency, and NOx emission in full-scale furnaces is rarely studied. In this study, biomass direct co-firing was carried out in a 55 MW tangentially fired pulverized coal furnace. The effects of biomass co-firing on safety, the performance of the pulverizing system, furnace efficiency, and pollutant emissions (unburned carbon and NOx) are studied. The results show that the blending of biomass fuel with less than 20% of coal has no issue with respect to auto-ignition and safety. The performance of the pulverizing system is affected up to a certain limit due to the difficulty of grinding the biomass particles into required fineness. The biomass co-firing up to 20% is feasible, but greater than this percentage will severely affect the furnace efficiency. The co-firing of biomass enhanced the NOx reduction significantly and further improved the performance of the SNCR process. This study could provide guidance for the application of biomass co-firing in industrial furnaces.

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5

Musa, Amir A. B., Xiong Wei Zeng, Qing Yan Fang, and Huai Chun Zhou. "Numerical Simulation on Improving NO_x Reduction Efficiency of SNCR by Regulating the 3-D Temperature Field in a Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1505.

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The optimum temperature within the reagent injection zone is between 900 and 1150°C for the NOX reduction by SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) in coal-fired utility boiler furnaces. As the load and the fuel property changes, the temperature within the reagent injection zone will bias from the optimum range, which will reduces significantly the de-NOX efficiency, and consequently the applicability of SNCR technology. An idea to improve the NOX reduction efficiency of SNCR by regulating the 3-D temperature field in a furnace is proposed in this paper. In order to study the new method, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a 200 MW multi-fuel tangentially fired boiler have been developed using Fluent 6.3.26 to investigate the three-fuel combustion system of coal, blast furnace gas (BFG), and coke oven gas (COG) with an eddy-dissipation model for simulating the gas-phase combustion, and to examine the NOX reduction by SNCR using urea-water solution. The current CFD models have been validated by the experimental data obtained from the boiler for case study. The results show that, with the improved coal and air feed method, average residence time of coal particles increases 0.3s, burnout degree of pulverized coal increases 2%, the average temperature at the furnace nose decreases 61K from 1496K to 1435K, the NO emission at the exit (without SNCR) decreases 58 ppm from 528 to 470 ppm, the SNCR NO removal efficiency increases 10% from 36.1 to 46.1%. The numerical simulation results show that this combustion adjustment method based on 3-D temperature field reconstruction measuring system in a 200 MW multi-fuel tangentially fired utility boiler co-firing pulverized coal with BFG and COG is timely and effective to maintain the temperature of reagent injection zone at optimum temperature range and high NOX removal efficiency of SNCR.

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6

Gurusingam, Pogganeswaran, Firas Basim Ismail, and Taneshwaren Sundaram. "Operating Parameter Optimization using DOE Method to Reduce Unburned Carbon of Fly Ash for Tangential Fired Subcritical Coal Fired Power Plant." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822505008.

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As electric demand increasing due to rapid economic growth, most developing country are sourcing for cheap fuel and low maintenance power plant which coal fired power plant become the more preferable plant. The cheap and abundant coal resources have played a major factor for coal power plant selection compare to other type of power plant. Although this plant type has low maintenance and operating cost but its emission of by product has a great effect on daily plant operation and environment. The one of the major emission was unburned carbon which by product of incomplete combustion where remaining of coal that unburned exits the furnaces with ash. Presence of higher percentage of unburned carbon indicates the low efficiency of furnace combustion and this directly affects financial status of the power plant operators. This condition causes severe damages on the boiler tube by formation of slagging and clinkering which reduces heat transfer and efficiency of the furnace. Current method proved to be more time consuming and plant operator facing difficulty to reduce unburned carbon in real time. As a solution for this problem, a best parameter was predicted to achieve low percentage of unburned carbon.

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Belosevic, Srdjan, Ivan Tomanovic, Nenad Crnomarkovic, and Aleksandar Milicevic. "Modeling of pulverized coal combustion for in-furnace NOx reduction and flame control." Thermal Science 21, suppl. 3 (2017): 597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160604186b.

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A cost-effective reduction of NOx emission from utility boilers firing pulverized coal can be achieved by means of combustion modifications in the furnace. It is also essential to provide the pulverized coal diffusion flame control. Mathematical modeling is regularly used for analysis and optimization of complex turbulent reactive flows and mutually dependent processes in coal combustion furnaces. In the numerical study, predictions were performed by an in-house developed comprehensive three-dimensional differential model of flow, combustion and heat/mass transfer with submodel of the fuel- and thermal-NO formation/ destruction reactions. Influence of various operating conditions in the case-study utility boiler tangentially fired furnace, such as distribution of both the fuel and the combustion air over the burners and tiers, fuel-bound nitrogen content and grinding fineness of coal were investigated individually and in combination. Mechanisms of NO formation and depletion were found to be strongly affected by flow, temperature and gas mixture components concentration fields. Proper modifications of combustion process can provide more than 30% of the NOx emission abatement, approaching the corresponding emission limits, with simultaneous control of the flame geometry and position within the furnace. This kind of complex numerical experiments provides conditions for improvements of the power plant furnaces exploitation, with respect to high efficiency, operation flexibility and low emission.

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Fan, J. R., X. D. Zha, and K. F. Cen. "Computerized Analysis of Low NOxW-Shaped Coal-Fired Furnaces." Energy & Fuels 15, no. 4 (July 2001): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0000173.

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Wang, Fan, Yu Liu, Gang Tian, Hong Chang Wang, Fan Zhang, Chang Zhu Lu, and Tao Yue. "Study on Low-NOx Combustion Technology for Coal-Fired Industrial Boilers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1239.

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Based on the analysis of combustion conditions of the experimental grate-fired furnaces with a capacity of 2t/h, a low-NOx combustion transformation program was proposed. The effects of influencing factors including fuel staged combustion, air staged combustion and circulating flue gas on NOx emissions were investigated. The results show that when air-staged combustion based on separate room air distribution and fuel staged combustion, NOx emissions decreased from 260-359 mg/Nm3to 137-182 mg/Nm3. And when circulating flue gas rate reached 10-15%, NOx emissions decreased 3-5%. These results indicate that the NOx concentration in the flue gas of the grate-fired furnaces with low-NOx combustion technology was below 200 mg/Nm3, which has great application prospects.

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Askarova A.S., Bolegenova S.A., Safarik P., Bolegenova S.A., Maximov V.Yu, Beketayeva M.T., and Nugymanova A.O. "MODERN COMPUTING EXPERIMENTS ON PULVERIZED COAL COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN BOILER FURNACES." PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SERIES, no. 6 (December 15, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2018.2518-1726.11.

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The aim of the work is to create new computer technologies for 3D modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in high-temperature physico-chemical-reactive environments that will allow to determine the aerodynamics of the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of technological processes occurring in the combustion chambers in the operating coal TPP RK. The novelty of the research lies in the use of the latest information technologies of 3D modeling, which will allow project participants to obtain new data on the complex processes of heat and mass transfer during the burning of pulverized coal in real combustion chambers operating in the CHP of RK. Numerical simulation, including thermodynamic, kinetic and three-dimensional computer simulation of heat and mass transfer processes when burning low-grade fuel, will allow finding optimal conditions for setting adequate physical, mathematical and chemical models of the technological process of combustion, as well as conduct a comprehensive study and thereby develop ways to optimize the process of ignition, gasification and burning high ash coals. The proposed methods of computer simulation are new and technically feasible when burning all types of coal used in pulverized coal-fired power plants around the world. The developed technologies will allow replacing or eliminating the conduct of expensive and labor-consuming natural experiments on coal-fired power plants.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coal-fired furnaces"

1

Boyd, Rodney Kenneth. "Computer modelling of a coal fired furnace." Phd thesis, Mechanical Engineering, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5337.

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Sumnicht, Daniel W. "A computer model of a kraft char bed." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5476.

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Levy, Jean-Francois. "Prediction of flow, combustion and heat transfer in coal fired cement kilns." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46886.

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Punjak, Wayne Andrew. "High temperature interactions of alkali vapors with solids during coal combustion and gasification." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184599.

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The high temperature interactions of alkali metal compounds with solids present in coal conversion processes are investigated. A temperature and concentration programmed reaction method is used to investigate the mechanism by which organically bound alkali is released from carbonaceous substrates. Vaporization of the alkali is preceded by reduction of oxygen-bearing groups during which CO is generated. A residual amount of alkali remains after complete reduction. This residual level is greater for potassium, indicating that potassium has stronger interactions with graphitic substrates than sodium. Other mineral substrates were exposed to high temperature alkali chloride vapors under both nitrogen and simulated flue gas atmospheres to investigate their potential application as sorbents for the removal of alkali from coal conversion flue gases. The compounds containing alumina and silica are found to readily adsorb alkali vapors and the minerals kaolinite, bauxite and emathlite are identified as promising alkali sorbents. The fundamentals of alkali adsorption on kaolinite, bauxite and emathlite are compared and analyzed both experimentally and through theoretical modeling. The experiments were performed in a microgravimetric reactor system; the sorbents were characterized before and after alkali adsorption using scanning Auger microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, mercury porosimetry and atomic emission spectrophotometry. The results show that the process is not a simple physical condensation, but a complex combination of several diffusion steps and reactions. There are some common features among these sorbents in their interactions with alkali vapors: In all cases the process is diffusion influenced, the rate of adsorption decreases with time and there is a final saturation limit. However, there are differences in reaction mechanisms leading to potentially different applications for each sorbent. Bauxite and kaolinite react with NaCl and water vapor to form nephelite and carnegieite and release HCl to the gas phase. However, emathlite reacts to form albite and HCl vapor. Albite has a melting point significantly lower than nephelite and carnegieite; therefore, emathlite is more suitable for lower temperature sorption systems downstream of the combustors/gasifiers, while kaolinite and bauxite are suitable as in-situ additives.

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Monnaemang, Whitney Ogalaletseng. "A zonal model for radiation heat transfer in coal-fired boiler furnaces." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20092.

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Problems associated with boilers are a major contributor to load losses in coal-fired power plants. The boiler furnace exit temperature is a key indicator of the combustion and heat transfer processes taking place and has a profound impact on the operation of the heat exchangers downstream of the furnace. Having a model that can predict the furnace exit temperature and heat flux distributions may enable furnace performance to be predicted without having to conduct extensive experimentation. Also, comparing the results with measurements taken on the plant may enable the identification of operating problems and potential sources of losses. Thermal radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer in the boiler furnace. The primary objective of this study is to develop and implement a radiation heat transfer network solution methodology based on the zonal method that may be applied to boiler furnace modelling. The zonal method allows for the prediction of heat flux and temperature distributions on the walls, inside, and at the exit of the furnace. Direct exchange areas are the basis of the zonal method and are a function of the furnace geometry and radiative properties of the walls and the participating medium that fills the furnace volume. The evaluation of direct exchange areas is done by discrete numerical integration, after which it needs to be smoothed to satisfy energy conservation. After evaluating two different smoothing techniques, the least squares technique using Lagrange multipliers was selected for this study. Following this, the solution of the radiation heat transfer network was implemented for an emitting-absorbing-scattering participating medium for two different scenarios, namely (i) solving surface and volume heat fluxes for known surface and medium temperatures, and (ii) solving surface heat fluxes and medium temperature distributions for known surface temperatures and volume heat source terms. Intermediate verification and validation steps throughout the development process show good agreement with other numerical techniques and correlations available in literature. In order to illustrate the applicability of the final model, a number of case studies are conducted. These include an illustration of the effect of slagging on the furnace walls, of a faulty burner and of changes in the radiative properties of the participating medium. The results of the case studies show that the trends of the heat flux and temperature distributions obtained with the new model are in agreement with those found in literature.

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Erfurth, Jens [Verfasser]. "Radiative Heat Transfer in Coal-Fired Furnaces and Oxycoal Retrofit Considerations / Jens Erfurth." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1069048372/34.

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Cvoro, Valentina. "Experimental and numerical analysis of isothermal turbulent flows in interacting low NOx burners in coal-fired furnaces." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2020.

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Coal firing power stations represent the second largest source of global NOx emissions. The current practice of predicting likely exit NOx levels from multi-burner furnaces on the basis of single burner test rig data has been proven inadequate. Therefore, to further improve current NOx reduction technologies and assist in the assessment of NOx levels in new and retrofit plant cases, an improved understanding of the impact of burner interactions is required. The aim of this research is two-fold: firstly, to experimentally investigate isothermal flow interactions in multi-burner arrays for different swirl directions and burner pitches in order to gain a better understanding of burner interaction effects within multi-burner furnaces. Secondly, to carry out numerical modelling in order to determine turbulence models which give the best agreement to experimental data. Experimental investigations were carried out using flow visualisation for qualitative and 3D laser Doppler anemometry for quantitative measurements. Numerical modelling was performed using the computational fluid dynamics software, Fluent, to compare performance between k-ε, k- ω and RSM turbulence models. Experimental investigation showed that the recirculation zone of the chequerboard configuration is more sensitive to the change in pitch than that of the columnar configuration. Further, it was found that the smaller pitch is more sensitive to change in configuration than the wider pitch. The analysis of fluctuating components, u’, v’ and w’ showed that the burner flow is highly anisotropic at burner exit. Numerical investigation showed that the k-ω turbulence model consistently performed below the other two models. The statistical comparison between k-ε and RSM turbulence models revealed that, for prediction of the swirl velocity profiles, the RSM model overall performed better than the k-ε turbulence model. The visual and statistical analyses of turbulent kinetic energy profiles also showed that the RSM turbulence model provides a closer match to the experimental data than the k-ε turbulence model.

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Ahmed, Shakil, and Jamal Naser. "Aerodynamics of rectangular slot-burners and combustion in tangentially-fired furnace." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070918.123957.

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The power generation industry in the state of Victoria, Australia stands to gain significantly from process improvements and optimization which can potentially lead to cleaner production of cost effective electricity. The efficient operation of lignite based tangentially-fired combustion systems depends on critical issues such as ignition and combustion of the fuel, which are largely controlled by burner aerodynamics. The geometry of the burner and the ratio of velocities between the primary and secondary jets play an important role in achieving stable combustion, high burnout of fuel, low production of pollutants and control of fouling. Slot-burners are a vertically aligned stack of rectangular nozzles delivering primary fuel and secondary air jets, and are commonly used in tangentially-fired boilers. To obtain a better understanding of the overall combustion process, it is important to understand the aerodynamics of jet development from these burners. The starting point of this research was a CFD investigation of aerodynamics in the near-burner region of isolated rectangular slot-burners, using isothermal conditions, for various secondary to primary jet velocity ratios (φ). Cross-flow was then added to replicate a near-burner flow field similar to that found in a tangentially-fired furnace and the effect of changing φ in the near-burner region of the developing jets was again investigated. Experiments were carried out on an isothermal physical-burner model to obtain mean velocity and turbulent statistics for different nozzle geometries and a range of φ. A computational fluid dynamics investigation of these same jets was also performed to gain further insights into the complexities of flow field with experimental results used to validate CFD predictions. The primary jet substantially deviated from the geometric axis of the burner towards the furnace wall and became very unstable for higher φ. The causes of unfavourable aerodynamics were discussed and suggestions were made on possible remedies for such behaviour. Conventional lignite combustion in a full-scale tangentially-fired furnace was modelled. The model was used to assess the possibility of utilizing a new type of mechanically thermally dewatered (MTE) coal in existing furnaces.

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Gandhi, Mikilkumar Bansilal. "A study of erosion phenomena in coal fired furnace using CFD modelling." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/735.

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In pulverised coal fired boilers, entrained fly ash particles in the flue gas often leads to erosive wear on metal surfaces along the flow field. This can have a significant effect on the operational life of various sections of boiler (in particular regenerative heat exchanger tubes). In this work, CFD based code FLUENT is used in conjunction with erosion model developed by other researchers for a large-scale furnace to identify the areas likely to be subjected to erosion under various operating conditions.Eulerian- Lagrangian approach is considered to analyse continuum phase and particle tracking for the coal particle. Flow field has been thoroughly examined in terms of velocity, particle and temperature profiles along the gas flow path. The data obtained on particle velocities and trajectories have been utilised to predict the extent of erosion in selected areas of boiler components. Predictions have been found to be in good agreement with the published data as well as plant observations for velocities ranging from 15 to 32 m/s showing a deviation of approximately 4.9 % with 20° impact angle.The results obtained from the present work for understanding erosion pattern in boilers are not only of practical significance but also provides platform for the development of an erosion tool which could assist power utilities in avoiding unnecessary shutdowns and penalties associated with the replacement of boiler components.

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van, Der Meer Willem Arie. "A thermofluid network-based methodology for integrated simulation of heat transfer and combustion in a pulverized coal-fired furnace." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33045.

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Coal-fired power plant boilers consist of several complex subsystems that all need to work together to ensure plant availability, efficiency and safety, while limiting emissions. Analysing this multi-objective problem requires a thermofluid process model that can simulate the water/steam cycle and the coal/air/flue gas cycle for steady-state and dynamic operational scenarios, in an integrated manner. The furnace flue gas side can be modelled using a suitable zero-dimensional model in a quasi-steady manner, but this will only provide an overall heat transfer rate and a single gas temperature. When more detail is required, CFD is the tool of choice. However, the solution times can be prohibitive. A need therefore exists for a computationally efficient model that captures the three-dimensional radiation effects, flue gas exit temperature profile, carbon burnout and O2 and CO2 concentrations, while integrated with the steam side process model for dynamic simulations. A thermofluid network-based methodology is proposed that combines the zonal method to model the radiation heat transfer in three dimensions with a one-dimensional burnout model for the heat generation, together with characteristic flow maps for the mass transfer. Direct exchange areas are calculated using a discrete numerical integration approximation together with a suitable smoothing technique. Models of Leckner and Yin are applied to determine the gas and particle radiation properties, respectively. For the heat sources the burnout model developed by the British Coal Utilisation Research Association is employed and the advection terms of the mass flow are accounted for by superimposing a mass flow map that is generated via an isothermal CFD solution. The model was first validated by comparing it with empirical data and other numerical models applied to the IFRF single-burner furnace. The full scale furnace model was then calibrated and validated via detailed CFD results for a wall-fired furnace operating at full load. The model was shown to scale well to other load conditions and real plant measurements. Consistent results were obtained for sensitivity studies involving coal quality, particle size distribution, furnace fouling and burner operating modes. The ability to do co-simulation with a steam-side process model in Flownex® was successfully demonstrated for steady-state and dynamic simulations.

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Books on the topic "Coal-fired furnaces"

1

DeRosier, R. Environmental assessment of a watertube boiler firing a coal/water slurry. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Magrath, C. A. La question du combustible au Canada et l'économie du charbon à la maison. Ottawa: J. de L. Taché, 1997.

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Newman, C. R. Assessment of NOx emission factors for direct-fired heaters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Survey, Illinois State Geological, ed. Effects of coal-bound chlorine on furnace-wall corrosion under low-NOx conditions. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, 2002.

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), National Coal Council (U S. A critical review of efficient and environmentally sound coal utilization technology. Arlington, Va: The Council, 1995.

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Timothy, Nechvatal, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fuels Handling, Transportation, and Storage Technical Committee., and Joint Power Generation Conference (1989 : Dallas, Tex.), eds. Ash handling, disposal, and utilization from coal fired fluidized bed boilers: Presented at the 1989 Joint Power Generation Conference, Dallas, Texas, October 22-26, 1989. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989.

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J, Boyd Thomas, Mahr Daniel, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fuels and Combustion Technologies Division., eds. FBC and AFBC projects and technology: Presented at the 1993 International Joint Power Generation Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, October 17-22, 1993. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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International Joint Power Generation Conference (1993 Kansas City, Mo.). FBC and AFBC projects and technology: Presented at the 1993 International Joint Power Generation Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, October 17-22, 1993. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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E, Barrett R., Electric Power Research Institute, and Battelle Memorial Institute, eds. Municipal waste-to-energy technology assessment. Palo Alto, Calif: Electric Power Research Institute, 1992.

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Skea, Adrian. Experimental measurements and mathematical modelling of the flow and combustion parameters in a small stoker coal fired furnace. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coal-fired furnaces"

1

Liu, F., and J. Swithenbank. "Modelling Radiative Heat Transfer in Pulverised Coal-Fired Furnaces." In Heat Transfer in Radiating and Combusting Systems, 358–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84637-3_23.

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Wall, T. F., S. P. Bhattacharya, D. K. Zhang, R. P. Gupta, and X. He. "The Properties and Thermal Effects of Ash Deposits in Coal-Fired Furnaces: A Review." In The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal Fired Plants, 463–77. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203736616-42.

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Gibb, W. H., A. R. Jones, and F. Wigley. "The UK Collaborative Research Programme on Slagging in Pulverised Coal Furnaces: Results of Full-Scale Plant Trials." In The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal Fired Plants, 3–18. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203736616-2.

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Ströhle, Jochen, Frank Rückert, Benedetto Risio, Uwe Schnell, and Klaus R. G. Hein. "A Vectorised Lagrangian Particle Model for the Numerical Simulation of Coal-Fired Furnaces." In High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’02, 451–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59354-3_36.

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Lou, Chun, and Huai-Chun Zhou. "Effects of Carbon Content in Coal on Flame Radiation in Large-scale Pulverized-Coal-Fired Boiler Furnaces." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 574–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_106.

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Harb, J. N., P. N. Slater, and G. H. Richards. "A Mathematical Model for the Build-Up of Furnace Wall Deposits." In The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal Fired Plants, 637–44. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203736616-56.

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Lee, Francis C. C., Ali Ghobadian, and Gerry S. Riley. "Prediction of Ash Deposition in a Pulverised Coal-Fired Axisymmetric Furnace." In The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal Fired Plants, 247–58. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203736616-22.

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Zhang, Zhiguo, Xuexin Sun, and Fujin Li. "The Safety and Economics of High Ash Anthracite Fired Mixing with Petroleum-Coke in Pulverized Coal-Fired Furnace." In Applications of Advanced Technology to Ash-Related Problems in Boilers, 399–407. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9223-2_26.

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Risio, Benedetto, Uwe Schnell, and Klaus R. G. Hein. "Towards a reliable and efficient furnace simulation tool for coal fired utility boilers." In High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’98, 353–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58600-2_34.

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Zhang, Aiyue, Yuan Chen, and Changdong Sheng. "Numerical Study on NO Formation in a Pulverized Coal-Fired Furnace Using Oxy-Fuel Combustion." In Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, 937–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_126.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coal-fired furnaces"

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Miles, Jonathan J., Robert G. Hammaker, Robert P. Madding, and J. E. Sunderland. "Analysis of thermal radiation in coal-fired furnaces." In AeroSense '97, edited by Richard N. Wurzbach and Douglas D. Burleigh. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.271639.

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Yamamoto, Kenji, Daisuke Kina, Teruyuki Okazaki, Masayuki Taniguchi, Hirofumi Okazaki, and Kenichi Ochi. "LES of Pulverized Coal Combustion Furnaces." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55367.

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LES (large eddy simulation) is applied to combustion simulations of two large scale pulverized coal-fired furnaces. One application is a boiler furnace with the coal feed rate of 3,000 kg/h. The results of LES show good agreement in not only distributions of temperature, NO concentration, and CO concentration on the vertical center line but also NO and CO emissions and UBC (unburned carbon in ash). The calculation error of NO emission is 10%. The other application is a horizontal furnace with a low NOx burner with the coal feed rate of 560 kg/h. LES predicts temperatures and oxygen concentrations accurately; but the standard k-ε model does not. The flame width calculated by the standard k-ε model is narrower than that by LES. These calculated results indicate that the drawback of the standard k-ε model is its low calculation accuracy for the coal jet flame decay and lift-off height.

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Bar-Ziv, Ezra, Efim Korytnyi, Miron Perelman, Roman Saveliev, and Boris Chudnovsky. "Prediction of Fouling and Slagging in Pulverized-Coal Fired Furnaces." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98045.

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The objective of this paper is to develop a method for predicting the fouling dynamics and thermal resistance of a certain coal and its fly ash in a coal-fired utility boiler as well as determine the emissivity of the fly ash in order to optimize soomblowing procedures for fouling clean-up. The methodology comprises combustion experiment in a 50kW test facility, characterization of the coal and its mineral matter and the consequent fly ash as well a series of computational fluid dynamic simulations. Ash deposition from Cerrejon D Colombian and Billiton-Prime South African coals were studied and their behavior predicted in 575MW tangentially-fired and 550MW opposite-wall boilers. Good comparison was obtained between predicted results and actual data from the boilers.

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Saravanan, V., Sreenivas Jayanti, and Subramanyam Seetharamu. "Optimization of a Coal-Fired Furnace for Oxy Fuel Combustion." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67181.

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Oxy-fuel combustion, in which a conventional hydrocarbon fuel is burned in presence of oxygen diluted with carbon dioxide (called henceforth as oxy-fuel), is an emerging technology that accommodates CO2 sequestration while offering the prospect of low emissions. Dilution by CO2 (from flue gas recirculation) prevents high peak temperatures thereby reducing material damage, high NOx formation etc. Studies [1] reveal that CO2-diluted flames are unstable as compared to N2-diluted flames and that a higher molar fraction of oxygen, 30% by volume, is necessary to ensure stable combustion. Nevertheless, as the heat transfer properties of CO2/O2–70:30 mixtures are different to that of normal air, the flow profiles and heat flux distributions might vary within the furnace. While considering the retrofit of existing normal air operated coal fired furnaces with oxy-fuel mode, it is imperative to investigate these flow variations in detail. In the present study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based simulations have been done for a typical 210 MW Indian pulverized coal fired furnace under normal air combustion and under oxy-fuel combustion (CO2/O2-70:30 volume %) mode and the results in terms of CO2 concentration, temperature distribution, velocity of flue gas, particle trajectories and devolatilisation characteristics have been compared.

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Jorgensen, Kris L., Scott A. Dudek, and Mitchell W. Hopkins. "Use of Combustion Modeling in the Design and Development of Coal Fired Furnaces and Boilers." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68349.

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The design and development of industrial combustion systems often involves the use of advanced modeling tools. In pulverized coal combustion these tools must include several different effects: fluid flow, energy transport, radiation heat transfer, chemical reactions, particle transport and combustion, and the interaction between all these models. Advances in modeling the combustion of coal particles have made these tools even more useful in the design and development of coal fired combustion systems. This paper presents a comprehensive combustion model that has been developed to model the combustion processes in coal fired furnaces. This model is described in detail in the current work along with details of the individual sub-models. Examples of modeling results are presented for two applications to demonstrate the usefulness and importance of modeling coal fired furnaces and boilers.

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Tamura, Masato, Masahiro Uchida, Emi Oono, Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, Takahiro Kozaki, and He Li. "Computationally Predicted Performance of Pulverised Coal Fired Boilers and Study of Ash Deposition Phenomenon." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55370.

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Understanding of pulverised coal combustion performance including ash behaviour is very important to design optimum boiler furnaces. In the last decades, remarkable advance of computers and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes have been realised and plenty of numerical modelling has been applied. However total performance of pulverised coal fired boilers including burner geometries and ash deposition behaviours is still difficult to predict. There are the limitation of computer performance and unknown phenomenon of ash deposition. Therefore, the new method of modelling to perform the full size furnace simulation has been developed to materialise both reduction of calculation load and improvement in prediction accuracy. It is confirmed that this new technique can express the difference between varied burner conditions. Detailed coal ash deposition behaviours and heat absorption rate are currently unknown and were measured and analysed experimentally by using the horizontal cylindrical furnace with water cooled probes. The experiments gave the better understandings of ash deposition and inhibition of heat absorption and heat absorption model is proposed. Boiler furnace heat absorption with ash deposition will be calculated and ash deposition behaviour will be modelled.

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Black, Stephen W., and Murat Yaldizli. "Burner Component Upgrades for Wall-Fired Coal Burners: RPI Results and Experiences." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55270.

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Improving the operation and emissions performance of coal fired utility boilers equipped with first and second-generation wall fired low NOx coal burners is of significant interest to many utility companies today. The recent development of cost effective components for existing first and second-generation wall fired burners permits better combustion performance, increased wear life reliability, and decreased NOx emissions. Existing air register systems can typically remain in place, resulting in reduced capital cost and reduced outage time for installation. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling is used to assist in the design of key burner components and operating conditions that enable further reduction of NOx emissions. Results include better flame attachment, better airflow recirculation patterns, and early ignition and pyrolysis of the coal in a more controlled primary combustion zone. NOx reductions of 10–20% have been demonstrated using burner component upgrades with improved overall boiler operation. This paper gives a brief description of the component-only retrofit design methodology that Riley Power Inc., a Babcock Power Inc. company developed for other OEM’s low NOx burners in wall-fired furnaces. The numerical modeling to assist in the design of these low NOx systems and the corresponding CFD results are also discussed.

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Breeding, Charlie, and Thomas W. Ziegler. "Performance of Water Cannons at Labadie." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26142.

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Amerens Labadie station consists of 4 coal fired 600 megawatt size generating units. Unit 1 installed water cannon furnace cleaning devices during a spring outage this year. Water cannons were selected to clean the deposits that result from combustion of Powder River Basin (PRB) coal at the Labadie power plant. This paper describes the evaluation of methods of cleaning furnace walls and the selection, installation, and startup experience with water cannons. Cleaning the furnace results in an increase in boiler efficiency that is translated into improved heat rate and improved cost of plant operation. Benefits from water cannon installation are described along with the problems encountered. PRB fuel combustion results in tenacious deposits that inhibit heat transfer on furnace walls. PRB coal typically has a lower ash fusion temperature than bituminous coals which leads to ash slag formation in furnaces that have been changed to PRB from the fuel the boiler was originally designed for. Often the deposit from PRB fuel is of a minimal thickness, however the reflectivity of the deposit creates a high barrier to radiant heat transfer. High Furnace Exit Gas Temperature (FEGT) indicates poor heat transfer in the furnace area and this increases the formation of slag in convection passes. Cleaning of furnace surface is critical to maximizing the heat absorption of the furnace and reducing the FEGT. The increased clean capability of the water cannons compared to existing wall blowers will be compared in this paper.

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Ward, J., S. J. Wilcox, O. H. Tan, C. K. Tan, R. J. Payne, and D. R. Garwood. "Simulation of a Range of Thermal Systems by Artificial Neural Networks." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24284.

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Abstract The Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Research Unit at the University of Glamorgan has been involved for the last 5 years in the application of neural networks to simulate the behaviour of a range of high temperature systems. Consequently this paper presents results from a number of studies concerned with boilers, furnaces and heat treatment processes. The first of these studies involves the prediction of heat transfer rates from air-assisted atomised water sprays for cooling aerospace forgings from high temperatures using the nozzle air and water pressures as inputs to the network. The second case is concerned with prediction of pollutant emissions from a coal-fired boiler using previous measured emission concentrations and an indication of the current boiler load and combustion air flow rate. In both these cases experimental results were used to train the networks. The final example deals with the prediction of load temperatures in an intermittently operated, gas-fired, metal reheating furnace. In contrast, in this example, data generated from a previously validated mathematical model of the furnace were employed for training purposes. Artificial neural networks were found to provide adequate representation of all three systems.

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Valentine, James, Marc Cremer, Kevin Davis, J. J. Letcavits, and Scott Vierstra. "A CFD Model Based Evaluation of Cost Effective NOx Reduction Strategies in a Roof-Fired Unit." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40185.

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To meet aggressive NOx reduction requirements, a range of NOx reduction strategies are currently available for application to pulverized coal fired furnaces. Utilities must assess the benefits and drawbacks of each viable NOx control technology to develop the best strategy for unit specific NOx control that fits within the utilities’ overall compliance plan. The installation of high capital and operating cost NOx reduction technologies, such as selective catalytic reduction, is cost prohibitive on many units. Lower cost technologies, although not capable of SCR level NOx reductions, can provide a more cost-effective approach and still achieve compliance over the fleet. This paper describes how computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling has been utilized by an experienced group of combustion engineers to evaluate and design cost effective NOx reduction strategies applied to a relatively unique PC fired unit, a B&W 150 MW roof-fired furnace. The unit fires bituminous coal through 10 multi-tip burners and is equipped with 10 NOx ports located below the burners. A baseline CFD model was first constructed and the predicted model results were compared with available data including NOx and CO emissions, as well as unburned carbon in fly ash. Upon completion of the baseline model, combustion alterations, including deeper staging, were evaluated. Specific burner adjustments were evaluated to allow for the deeper staging without significantly increasing unburned carbon in the fly ash, CO emissions, or near burner slagging. The CFD model was also utilized to evaluate the impact of water injection. AEP has previously utilized water injection to reduce peak combustion temperatures and thermal NOx formation rates in coal fired units for incremental NOx reductions. It is crucial that the NOx production zones in the downstream portion combustion field be identified, since these regions are most likely to produce NOx that will not be subsequently reduced prior to exiting the furnace. The CFD model was utilized to identify the most appropriate regions for water injection combined with the other combustion alterations. The results showed that NOx emissions could be reduced in this unit by approximately 37% from baseline full load emissions with no associated increase in unburned carbon in the fly ash or furnace exit CO. Burner alterations and water injection equipment based on the CFD model evaluation are currently being installed. Comparisons between the model predictions and the post retrofit performance will be provided.

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Reports on the topic "Coal-fired furnaces"

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Butcher, T. A., and W. Litzke. Condensing economizers for small coal-fired boilers and furnaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296650.

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BUTCHER, T. A. CONDENSING ECONOMIZERS FOR SMALL COAL-FIRED BOILERS AND FURNACES PROJECT REPORT - JANUARY 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10391.

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Frey, H. Christopher, and Loan K. Tran. Quantitative Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty in Environmental Data and Models. Volume 2. Performance, Emissions, and Cost of Combustion-Based NO_x Controls for Wall and Tangential Furnace Coal-Fired Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178960.

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Development of a high-performance coal-fired power generating system with pyrolysis gas and char-fired high temperature furnace (HITAF). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6694435.

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Development of a high-performance coal-fired power generating system with pyrolysis gas and char-fired high temperature furnace (HITAF). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6285059.

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Development of a high-performance coal-fired power generating system with pyrolysis gas and char-fired high-temperature furnace (HITAF): Volume 3. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/369612.

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Development of a high-performance coal-fired power generating system with pyrolysis gas and char-fired high-temperature furnace (HITAF): Volume 4. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/369613.

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Development of a high-performance coal-fired power generating system with pyrolysis gas and char-fired high temperature furnace (HITAF). Volume 1, Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/224449.

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Development of a high-performance coal-fired power generating system with pyrolysis gas and char-fired high temperature furnace (HITAF). Quarterly progress report 8, October--December 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10156814.

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Development of a high-performance coal-fired power generating system with pyrolysis gas and char-fired High Temperature Furnace (HITAF). Quarterly progress report 11, July--September, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/119945.

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