Academic literature on the topic 'Coal fired power stations in South Africa'

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Journal articles on the topic "Coal fired power stations in South Africa"

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Garnham, B. L., and K. E. Langerman. "Mercury emissions from South Africa’s coal-fired power stations." Clean Air Journal 26, no. 2 (2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2410-972x/2016/v26n2a8.

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Mercury is a persistent and toxic substance that can be bio-accumulated in the food chain. Natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to the mercury emitted in the atmosphere. Eskom’s coal-fired power stations in South Africa contributed just under 93% of the total electricity produced in 2015 (Eskom 2016). Trace amounts of mercury can be found in coal, mostly combined with sulphur, and can be released into the atmosphere upon combustion. Coal-fired electricity generation plants are the highest contributors to mercury emissions in South Africa. A major factor affecting the amount of mercury
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Tait, Louise, and Harald Winkler. "Estimating greenhouse gas emissions associated with achieving universal access to electricity for all households in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 4 (2012): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i4a3174.

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Climate change, energy security and achieving universal electricity access for all households are all pressing issues that South Africa must address. These objectives need not be trade-offs, however, and achieving electricity access for the poor does not justify the building of large coal-fired power stations or threaten South Africa’s climate change objectives. This paper estimates the electricity demand from the residential sector to 2020 resulting from universal access, and finds that electricity for low-income households would constitute only a small addition to total electricity demand an
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Pretorius, Ilze Pretorius, Stuart Piketh, Roelof Burger, and Hein Neomagus. "A perspective on South African coal fired power station emissions." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 3 (2015): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i3a2127.

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This paper investigates trends of historical and projected future South African coal-fired power station criteria (total primary Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. It was found that an energy restricted environment has an increasing effect on emissions, as emissions per energy unit increased from the onset of the South African energy crisis. PM emissions particularly, increased during the energy crisis period, due to increased pressure on PM abatement and lowered maintenance opportunity. Projections of future coal-fired
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Inglesi-Lotz, Roula, and James Blignaut. "Estimating the opportunity cost of water for the Kusile and Medupi coal-fired electricity power plants in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 4 (2012): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i4a3180.

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In South Africa, water is considered a limited source, not only because of the country’s arid nature, but also because of the relatively skew distribution of the resource and the fact that 98% of the resource is already allocated. Eskom, the South African electricity supplier, commenced with the construction of two new coal-fired power stations namely Kusile and Medupi. The question is: what is the opportunity cost of investing in these power stations from a water perspective? We do not argue here against the need for power plants and additional electricity generation capacity per se, but cons
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Zhou, Peter P., Francis D. Yamba, Philip Lloyd, et al. "Determination of regional emission factors for the power sector in Southern Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 20, no. 4 (2009): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2009/v20i4a3307.

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The generation of power within Southern Africa is reviewed. A study is described in which the emission factors for CO2 and NOx were determined experimentally across a wide range of power stations and technologies, and compared to the IPCC default factors. It was found that the CO2 emission factors tended to be at the upper end of the IPCC default range, whereas the NOx emission factors were generally below the low end. The results from South Africa tend to dominate the regional picture at present, but this is likely to change in the near future, as Botswana has announced plans to introduce ove
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Oboirien, B. O., B. C. North, and T. Kleyn. "Techno-economic assessments of oxy-fuel technology for South African coal-fired power stations." Energy 66 (March 2014): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.032.

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Asamoah, J. "Innovation in the economic performance of a power station through monetised carbon dioxide credits." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 4 (2007): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i4a3388.

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It is proposed to generate part of the future base load power requirements of South Africa using nat-ural gas as a substitute for coal. By this substitution, combined-cycle gas turbine power stations will be built instead of pulverised fuel coal-fired power sta-tions to generate base load power. This substitution will lead to abatement in the emission of green-house gases, especially carbon dioxide. In this paper, an innovative mode of amortizing capex is applied to reduce the payback time of a bank loan through the combined use of proceeds from the sale of electricity and monetised carbon dio
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Lloyd, Philip. "Reassessment of the environmental impacts of sulphur oxide emissions from power stations." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 24, no. 2 (2013): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2013/v24i2a3127.

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It is a deeply entrenched belief that emissions of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere are harmful to the environment, and that sulphur compounds should be removed from the gaseous wastes before discharge. The difficulties with this view are summarised. Extensive work in both North America and Europe has failed to demonstrate any of the early claims for impacts such as forest death. The claims for health effects seem unduly conservative and not supported by reliable data. There are even negative impacts from reducing sulphur emissions. Claims for high external costs associated with coal-fired
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Chiloane, Kgaugelo Euphinia, Johan Paul Beukes, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, et al. "Spatial, temporal and source contribution assessments of black carbon over the northern interior of South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 10 (2017): 6177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6177-2017.

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Abstract. After carbon dioxide (CO2), aerosol black carbon (BC) is considered to be the second most important contributor to global warming. This paper presents equivalent black carbon (eBC) (derived from an optical absorption method) data collected from three sites in the interior of South Africa where continuous measurements were conducted, i.e. Elandsfontein, Welgegund and Marikana, as well elemental carbon (EC) (determined by evolved carbon method) data at five sites where samples were collected once a month on a filter and analysed offline, i.e. Louis Trichardt, Skukuza, Vaal Triangle, Am
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Girmay, Maseapei Elizabeth, and Delson Chikobvu. "Quantifying South Africa’s sulphur dioxide emission efficiency in coal-powered electricity generation by fitting the three-parameter log-logistic distribution." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 1 (2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1530.

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This paper fits the three-parameter log-logistic (3LL) distribution to sulphur dioxide (SO2) monthly emissions in kilograms per gigawatt hour (kg/GWh) and in milligrams per cubic nano metre (mg/Nm3), at 13 of Eskom’s coal fired power-generating stations in South Africa. The aim is to quantify and describe the emission of sulphur dioxide at these stations using a statistical distribution, and to also estimate the probabilities of extreme emissions and exceedances (emissions above a certain threshold). Using the 3LL distribution is proposed as such a distribution. The log-logistic distribution i
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coal fired power stations in South Africa"

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Johnson, Angelo Gerald. "Assessing the change in hydro-geochemical properties of fly ash over time when disposed into opencast coal mines in Mpumalanga, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6927.

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Masters of Science<br>Eskom supplies to 95% of South Africa’s energy needs and it primarily comes from coal combustion at their coal–fired power stations. Large volumes of fly ash are generated at these coal-fired power stations as a by-product of the coal combustion process. Fly ash is disposed onto landfills at the respective power stations and these landfills are currently running out of storage space. Subsequently, there are concerning environmental impacts upon the natural water environment resulting from coal mining. More specifically, the discharge of acid mine (AMD) water from historic
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Abanda, Peter Azah. "Impact on soil chemistry of atmospheric sulfur fallout near Arnot coal-fired power station, in the Eastern Transvaal highveld region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4184.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential impact of atmospheric sulfur deposition on the soils surrounding Arnot power station. In particular, the study focused on the relationship between sulfur and organic carbon (OC) and on the various pools of sulfur in the soil. A representative selection of collected soil samples was characterized both physically and chemically in the laboratory. In addition to the representative soils sampled in 2000, archived soils sampled in 1996 and 1999 from the same area were included in some of the chemical an
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Vicente, Annalisa Sarga. "Assessing different coal combustion residue backfill scenarios in opencast coal mines, Mpumalanga, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7853.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Coal-fired power stations produce large volumes of coal combustion residues (CCRs), which are disposed of in hold ponds or landfill sites. These ash storage facilities are limited in space and are approaching the end of their capacities, thus additional land is required for extensions. If new land is not sourced, power plants will be forced to cease operations, resulting in increased expenditure costs and environmental liability. A proposed disposal solution is to backfill opencast coal mines with CCR monoliths. However, there is limited knowledge on the hydr
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Le, Roux Armand. "Opportunity for electricity generation from discard coal at the Witbank Coalfields." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97416.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Coal export mines in the Mpumalanga Highveld region of South Africa generate growing volumes of discard coal estimated to be in excess of a billion tonnes. It presents a significant pollution hazard. Discard coal has a usable carbon content that can be used in the generation of power through the application of fluidized bed combustion technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate its potential as an economically viable fuel source for generation of electricity at the Witbank coalfields. This study was motivated by
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Wilreker, Gerlinde Isabelle. "A comparative study of emissions from coal-fired power stations in South Africa and other selected countries." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1976.

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M.Sc.<br>Worldwide, coal is one of the major sources of energy. In 1999 it was estimated that the global electricity generation from coal was about 36% of the total world electricity production (Knapp, 1999:11). With the combustion of coal for electricity generation however, negative environmental impacts occur. These are mainly caused by carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter emissions. With an ever-growing global population, the need and demand for electricity is increasing. These needs and demands need to be addressed in an economically, socially and environm
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Coventry, Timothy Edward Jan. "Controlled coal blending for power station optimisation." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6313.

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M.Ing.<br>Eskom's power stations receive their main supply of coal from mines next to the power stations. The coal supply contracts only specify maximum allowable variations of some coal quality parameters. The quality of the supplied coal can, however, vary greatly within a few hours. The boilers in the power plant are optimized for a certain quality of coal, while the supplied coal is burnt as it is received from the mine. The variations in the coal quality can, therefore, have a negative impact on both the life expectancy and maintenance costs of the power plant as well as the controllabili
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Harebottle, Charles. "Investigation and design of a storage and handling system for future coal fired power stations in South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16722.

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Muthige, Mavhungu Sydney. "Ambient air quality impacts of a coal-fired power station in Lephalale area." Thesis, 2014.

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Lephalale Municipality is a predominantly rural Municipality with 38 villages, two townships (Marapong and Onverwacht) and one town, Lephalale. Lephalale, formerly known as Ellisras, is a town situated in the “heart of the Bushveld” in Limpopo province. The town is growing rapidly and more industries are becoming concentrated within this small town. The construction of Medupi power station which is underway and other projects such as the expansion of Grootegeluk mine (coal 3 and 4 projects), and road developments in the area; have led to concern about the ambient air quality of the area. Other
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Aphane, Manthulane Hezekiel. "Effect of different types of coal in thermal performance of economisers in power stations." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001355.

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M. Tech. Mechanical Engineering.<br>Discusses the economiser design to absorb as much heat as possible within the flue gases. Fly ash particles, a product of combustion, entrained in the flue gas of the furnace part of the boiler in coal fired boilers, affect economiser thermal performance by causing erosive wear and scale on the outer surface of the economiser tubes along the flow path, which in turn increases the thermal resistance characterisation of coals in relation to combustion behaviour traditionally relies on staged quenching of the reaction and subsequent gravimetric analysis of the
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Angelova, Mia. "The nitrogen and sulfur status and isotopes of soils within the vicinity of a coal-fired power station in South Africa." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12708.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science Johannesburg, 2012.<br>Amplified loads of sulfate and nitrate have caused increased stress on soil systems in many areas of the world, as both are dominant components of acid rain. This is a critical environmental stress due to the damage caused to soil, water quality and ecosystem functioning. Issues concerning the rising emissions of these elements from local industries have begun to attract increasing attention in South Africa, as the
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Conference papers on the topic "Coal fired power stations in South Africa"

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"Water Minimisation at Coal Fired Power Station using Process Integration." In Nov. 18-19, 2019 Johannesburg (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares8.eap1119306.

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Roy-Aikins, Joseph, and Reshleu J. Rampershad. "Technical and Economic Analysis of Repowering a Coal-Fired Power Plant." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-007.

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Owing to an abundance of coal reserves, about 92 percent of the electrical power produced in South Africa is generated in central power stations fired on cheaply priced coal. With a few power stations approaching the end of their design life, the question arises as to what to do with these outdated and inefficient plants. Retrofitting or repowering a station with gas turbines is one option being considered. As a case study, this paper investigates the technical and economic feasibility of repowering the Arnot power station to convert it to a combined cycle plant with increased capacity. This p
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"Investigation of the Potential of Monomeric and Polymeric Coagulants in the Treatment of Raw Water used at a Coal-Fired Power Station." In Nov. 27-28, 2017 South Africa. EARES, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares.eap1117019.

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Lombard, Charles H. O., Daniel N. J. Els, Jacques Muiyser, and Albert Zapke. "Analysis of a Large-Scale Cooling System Fan Gearbox Loads." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64302.

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South Africa’s coal-fired power stations use super heated steam to drive generator turbines. In arid regions, air-cooled condensers (ACCs) are used to condense the process steam. These ACCs consists of an array of over 200 axial flow fans, each driven by a motor via a reduction gearbox. Distorted fan inlet air flow conditions cause transient blade loading, which results in variations in output shaft bending and torque. A measurement project was conducted where the input and output shaft of such a gearbox were instrumented with strain gauges and wireless bridge amplifiers. Gearbox shaft speed a
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Bar-Ziv, E., Y. Berman, R. Saveliev, et al. "Fouling Formation in 575 MW Tangential-Fired Pulverized-Coal Boiler." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81035.

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Over the past years we have gained experience in employing varying types of coal fired in the same boiler. Consequently, we developed evaluation criteria regarding the operation of these coals. In the present study we evaluated fouling propensity of two bituminous South African coals Billiton-Prime and Anglo-Kromdraai (AKD). From an experimental work carried out in a 50 kW test facility where we obtained emissivity and thermal resistance of the two coal ashes. We also developed a new method for evaluating fouling in full-scale utility boilers that is based on adhering of an ash particle depend
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Schweitzer, Y., G. Cartina, B. Chudnovsky, E. Bar-Ziv, and A. Talanker. "Application of Neural Network Combined With CFD Modeling and Combustion Tuning in Large Coal-Fired Boilers." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88057.

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The objective of the present work was to develop an optimization method for the prediction of the behavior of coals or coal blends in utility boilers, in order to specify the performance and pollutant emissions during the firing. Two methods have been used to study the performance of single coals or coal blends in power station boilers (1) experimental tests, where the coal/blend was fired in either a power station or in a test rig, and (2) use of coal combustion computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Here we will discuss both methods. We present experimental results, for 575 MWe tangentially-fire
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Berg, Lawrence D., John P. Goldring, and Guy Sharp. "Utilization of CFD to Reduce NOx, Improve Efficiency and Reliability of a PC Boiler." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98219.

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Ferrybridge “C” Power station is owned by SSE and has 2,000 MWe of generating capacity and utilizes pulverized coal as its fuel source. Originally commissioned in 1966, it was designed to burn local Yorkshire coal, but currently uses a varied supply from South African to Russian coals. In order to meet the Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD) emission requirements, starting in the late 1990’s, the plant was first retrofit with low NOx burners and later with a Boosted Over Fire Air (BOFA) system. These modifications allowed the plant to achieve compliant NOx operation of 500 mg/Nm3, but had
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Tulamba, C. Shako. "Eskom's New Coal-Fired Power Stations Programme Case of Bravo Power Station Scheme: Transmission Integration (Feasibility study)." In 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa (PowerAfrica 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesafr.2007.4498117.

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Mathebula, Vonani Cilve, and Akshay Kumar Saha. "Coal Fired Power Plant In-Phase Bus Transfer Simulation of Forced and Induced Draught Fan Motors." In 2019 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robomech.2019.8704820.

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Blinderman, Michael S. "The Exergy Underground Coal Gasification Technology as a Source of Superior Fuel for Power Generation." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88064.

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Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a gasification process carried on in non-mined coal seams using injection and production wells drilled from the surface, converting coal in situ into a product gas usable for chemical processes and power generation. The UCG process developed, refined and practiced by Ergo Exergy Technologies is called the Exergy UCG Technology or εUCG® Technology. The εUCG technology is being applied in numerous power generation and chemical projects worldwide. These include power projects in South Africa (1,200 MWe), India (750 MWe), Pakistan, and Canada, as well as chem
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