Journal articles: 'Coal mill system'

1

Ji, Xiao Bin, Xue Yi Qi, Xiao Ming Ji, and Ling Wang. "The Experimental Research on the Variable Loading System of LM18.20 Coal Mill." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2900–2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2900.

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The paper research the loading methods of medium-speed coal mill and the variable loading system of LM18.20 coal mill. The experiment result has shown that using variable hydraulic loading system can make the coal mill running steadily with stable output under varies output conditions; and the mill's loading range is extended; the mill power consumption and wear rate of grinding parts are reduced.

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Hu, Yong, Boyu Ping, Deliang Zeng, Yuguang Niu, and Yaokui Gao. "Modeling of Coal Mill System Used for Fault Simulation." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071784.

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Monitoring and diagnosis of coal mill systems are critical to the security operation of power plants. The traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods often result in low fault recognition rate or even misjudgment due to the imbalance between fault data samples and normal data samples. In order to obtain massive fault sample data effectively, based on the analysis of primary air system, grinding mechanism and energy conversion process, a dynamic model of the coal mill system which can be used for fault simulation is established. Then, according to the mechanism of various faults, three types of faults (i.e., coal interruption, coal blockage and coal self-ignition) are simulated through the modification of model parameters. The simulation shows that the dynamic characteristic of the model is consistent with the actual object, the relative error of each output variable is less than 2.53%, and the total average relative error of all outputs is about 1.2%. The model has enough accuracy and adaptability for fault simulation, and the problem of massive fault samples acquisition can be effectively solved by the proposed method.

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Cheng, Xiao Hong, and Qi Li. "Optimization Control of the Ball Mill Mechanical Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1283.

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The current system for thermal power system operation stability ball mill, poor uniformity of pulverized coal that often occurs overpressure, breaking coal, over-temperature phenomena such as coal or blocking rational analysis, the use of predictive control, self-optimizing control the principle of the system is to optimize the steel mill, and combined with its control system elaborated feasibility optimized implementation.

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Wang, Yan Jun. "Using DCS to Realize Ball Mill Fuzzy Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1131.

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By way of summarizes operation experience, using fuzzy control method to realize the decoupling control of coal mill cold air damper, hot air damper and coal feeder, by using cascade control of fuzzy control look up table and PI controller in DCS, it’s convenient to realized the automatic control of ball mill. Practice proves that this method is easy to achieve and good control effect could be achieved.

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Zhu, Pengcheng, Hong Qian, and Tingting Chai. "Research on early fault warning system of coal mills based on the combination of thermodynamics and data mining." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219869701.

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This paper presents a fault early warning approach of coal mills based on the Thermodynamic Law and data mining. The Thermodynamic Law is used to describe the working characteristics of coal mills and to determine the multi-parameter vector that characterize the operating state of the coal mill. Data mining technology is applied to analysis the interrelationships among elements of the multi-parameter vector. Then the abnormal boundaries of parameters are calculated based on the distribution of parameters under different working conditions according to the Pauta criterion. Finally, the fault early warning model is implemented combining the abnormal boundaries and the confidence algorithm that can detect the working status of coal mills. Two actual numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed method is capable of estimating the abnormality of coal mills before the fault happens.

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Su, Dong Hai, Li Xuan Ding, Bing Ru Feng, and Wu Xi. "Research on the Improvement of MPS Coal Mill Loading Hydraulic System." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.3.

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This article introduces the design features of original loading mode of MPS coal mill and proposes that using technology of electro-hydraulic proportional to improve the loading mode. The original loading mode exists many defects. The improvement combines the hydraulic loading system with electronic technology so that the deficiencies of original system are solved and the automatic degree of coal mill loading mode is improved.

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7

Zhang, Cheng Liang, Jia Fang Yang, and Yong Hua Cao. "Research on Optimal Control Model for Ball Mill Based on Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 1028 (September 2014): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1028.227.

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As the key equipment in coal-fired power plants, the optimal control problem of ball mill is an important factor affecting the efficient operation of the mill. In this paper, the output model, energy consumption model and unit consumption model of coal pulverizing system are built on the basis of analysis of ball mill running condition. The unit consumption model is used as the genetic algorithm fitness function. The outlet temperature, practical ventilation and coal load of ball mill are chosen as the optimization variables. The algorithm model is built to solve the multi-objective problem of ball mill.

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Zeng, Deliang, Yaohan Wang, Shan Gao, and Jizhen Liu. "Modeling and control of ball mill system considering coal moisture." Measurement 90 (August 2016): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.04.037.

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Jian, Yifan, Xianguo Qing, Yang Zhao, Liang He, and Xiao Qi. "Application of Model-Based Deep Learning Algorithm in Fault Diagnosis of Coal Mills." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 14, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3753274.

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The coal mill is one of the important auxiliary engines in the coal-fired power station. Its operation status is directly related to the safe and steady operation of the units. In this paper, a model-based deep learning algorithm for fault diagnosis is proposed to effectively detect the operation state of coal mills. Based on the system mechanism model of coal mills, massive fault data are obtained by analyzing and simulating the different types of faults. Then, stacked autoencoders (SAEs) are established by combining the said data with the deep learning algorithm. The SAE model is trained by the fault data, which provide it with the learning and identification capability of the characteristics of faults. According to the simulation results, the accuracy of fault diagnosis of coal mills based on SAE is high at 98.97%. Finally, the proposed SAEs can well detect the fault in coal mills and generate the warnings in advance.

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10

Ji, Xiao Bin, Xue Yi Qi, Jian Jun He, and Yong Li Wu. "The Optimization Design of the Mill Hydraulic Loading System." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1207.

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Through the deep analysis of its working principal and the structure, the hydraulic loading system was designed, and the optimum method of the mill hydraulic loading system was researched. After the optimization it is not only that the proper coal granularity was ensured and the remote control capability got enhanced, but also resolved the problem of high pressure of the hydraulic system, and reduced the energy and consumption.

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Nathan, R. J., and M. P. Norton. "Vibration Signature Based Condition Monitoring of Bowl-Roller Coal Pulverizers." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930372.

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The overall objective of the work reported in this paper is to minimize the cost of power generation in thermal power stations utilizing pulverized coal combustion processes for steam generation. The strategy of achieving this objective is based on an “on-condition maintenance” philosophy and vibration based diagnostic signature analysis techniques. The coal pulverizers reported on here are 783 RP (roll pressure) and 823 RP combustion engineering (CE) bowl-roller coal pulverizers (bowl mills) installed at the State Energy Commission of Western Australia (SECWA) power stations. This paper reviews the design philosophy, operational principles, and system dynamics and establishes the procedures for identifying the potential malfunction of bowl mills and their associated components. The influence of operating parameters, such as coal flow, primary air flow, and operating temperature, on mill vibration are investigated. The effects of journal spring force variation, such as magnitude, uneven spring force, and broken springs, are also studied. Special attention is also given to the diagnosis of the top radial bearing problem due to its remoteness from the bowl mill external structure. A spectral recovery technique utilizing the inverse frequency response function was developed for trend analysis and diagnostic purposes.

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12

Li, Ji, and Jun Wei. "Energy Consumption Analysis of Pulverizing System in Coal-Fired Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.564.

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Pulverizing system is the main energy-consumption equipment in coal-fired power plant, so it is of great significance to study energy-saving and optimization of pulverizing system. This paper first analyzes the situation and condition of pulverizing system in large-scale coal-fired power plant in China. According to analysis, coal mill and primary-air fan are the two main energy consumption facilities. Then their energy consumption characteristics, including power consumption and unit power consumption are studied. Subsequently, the energy-saving operation proposal for the pulverizing system is proposed.

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13

Su, Dong Hai, Li Xuan Ding, Bing Ru Feng, and Wu Xi. "Research on the Improvement of MPS Coal Mill Loading Hydraulic System." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/scientific5/amr.452-453.3.

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14

Ji, Xiao Bin, Xue Yi Qi, Tian Hong Song, Aai Jun Li, and Gang Yong Zuo. "The Application of Electrohydraulic Proportional Technology in Mill Loading System." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.157.

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The paper designs electrohydraulic proportional loading system which meets the adaptive requirements of variable loading for the system by analyzing the structure and the theory of mill loading system. After being reformed, the adaptive control ability to the changes of coal’s quality and quantity is improved which guarantees the fineness of coal, strengthens remote control ability, increases the degree of automation, the efficiency and the production of the system and saves energy.

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15

Kravets, Taras, Yevhen Miroshnychenko, and Andrii Kapustianskyi. "Enhancement of Technical and Economic Indicators of Power-Generating Units of Thermal Power Plants by Eliminating Flue Gas Recirculation." Energy Engineering and Control Systems 7, no. 1 (2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2021.01.026.

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Boiler units at Ukrainian thermal power plants need to be modernized or replaced in the short run, as this is important for the national energy security. The authors determined one of possible ways to improve the efficiency indicators of coal-fired boiler units and power generating units as a whole up to the values exceeding the design ones. This variant of improvement consists in abandoning the technology of using flue gas as drying agent in pulverized coal systems and replacing it with direct discharge of the gas flow into the boiler furnace. Numerous computations were carried out to study the change of efficiency indicators and manoeuvrability of power generating units due to the replacement of the ball mill pulverizing system using flue gases for coal drying with the scheme including ball-and-race mills that use hot air as drying agent.

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16

Ji, Xiao Bin, Xue Yi Qi, Xiao Ming Ji, and Ling Wang. "The Experimental Research on the Variable Loading System of LM18.20 Coal Mill." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2900–2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/scientific5/amr.446-449.2900.

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17

Wang, Wenlan, Xionghuai Bai, and Wanku Liang. "Optimization and transformation of 300MV units steel ball coal mill Pulverizing System." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 631 (November 7, 2019): 022072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/631/2/022072.

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18

Sun, Yi Peng, Liang Cheng, and Qing Feng Zhang. "Impact of Changing Combustion of Shenhua Coal to Boiler Operation." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.469.

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Experimental study of changing and blending combustion of Shenhua coal on boiler operation was carried out, while the furnace slagging during the experiment, the coal pulverizing system adjustment and the boiler operation oxygen control issues were analyzed. The results show that: the boiler can operate in safety blending Shenhua coal and Zhungeer coal with the ratio of 7:3 based on the strengthening laboratory analysis of coal as fired, the safety and economy of the boiler and coal pulverizing system can be ensured with the pulverized coal fineness R90 in 30%, and selecting the lower mill combinations and setting the coal pulverizer outlet temperature at 73°C, the reasonable exhaust gas oxygen content should be 4.0%, and the boiler thermal efficiency has an 1% increase compared with the condiation of burning inferior Shanxi bituminous coal, the nitrogen oxide emissions are significantly reduced.

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19

Fan, G. Q., and N. W. Rees. "An intelligent expert system (KBOSS) for power plant coal mill supervision and control." Control Engineering Practice 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(96)00213-4.

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20

Lebukan, Dirga Eka Putra, Awang Noor Indra Wardana, and Nazrul Effendy. "Pengembangan Blok Fungsi Kendali PI-Fuzi pada IEC 61499." Jurnal Teknik Elektro 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v11i1.21400.

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Automation system in the form of automatic control is needed in one or several operating units in the process industry. Several control system algorithms have been widely implemented in the process industry, one of them is PI (Proportional and Integral) controller. This PI controller has a simple structure, but the adaptive ability of the controller is still not better for the controlled process. Therefore, the development of PI controller is needed to have a better adaptive ability to the process, in order to produce the responses that are also better and more robust. This research develops PI controller by adding the Fuzzy controller algorithm or also known as PI-Fuzzy controller. The PI-Fuzzy controller in this study is applied to the IEC 61499 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) standard and to see its performance, the PI-Fuzzy controller based on IEC 61499 is tested and validated on an industrial scale process, namely coal mill. The test was carried out for three hours in real-time on the 4DIAC-IDE software, then the response results were compared with the response results of the PI controller. The PI-Fuzzy controller function block based on IEC 61499 made in this study showed good performance in controlling industrial-scale processes. This is demonstrated in testing and validation using a coal mill, with able to achieve the working range of each parameter. The mean value of coal flow parameter is 13.584 kg/s, coal mass accumulation is 2,196 kg, coal output temperature is 83.296 0C, coal moisture is 0.021, and coal fineness is 75.338 %.

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Hadjiski, Mincho B., Lyubka A. Doukovska, and Stefan L. Kojnov. "Nonlinear Trend Analysis of Mill Fan System Vibrations for Predictive Maintenance and Diagnostics." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0048-9.

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Abstract Present paper considers nonlinear trend analysis for diagnostics and predictive maintenance. The subject is a device from Maritsa East 2 thermal power plant a mill fan. The choice of the given power plant is not occasional. This is the largest thermal power plant on the Balkan Peninsula. Mill fans are main part of the fuel preparation in the coal fired power plants. The possibility to predict eventual damages or wear out without switching off the device is significant for providing faultless and reliable work avoiding the losses caused by planned maintenance. This paper addresses the needs of the Maritsa East 2 Complex aiming to improve the ecological parameters of the electro energy production process.

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Malik, Subhash, and P. C. Tewari. "Optimization of coal handling system performability for a thermal power plant using PSO algorithm." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 10, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-01-2020-0002.

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PurposeThis paper deals with the optimization of coal handling system performability for a thermal power plant.Design/methodology/approachCoal handling system comprises of five subsystems, namely Wagon Tippler, Crusher, Bunker, Feeder and Coal Mill. The partial differential equations are derived on the behalf of transition diagram by using the Markov approach. These partial differential equations are further solved to obtain the performance model with the help of normalization condition. Numerous performability levels are achieved by putting the appropriate combinations of failure and repair rates (FRRs) in performance model. Performability optimization for coal handling system is obtained by varying the population and generation size.FindingsHighest performability level, that is, 93.33 at population size of 40 and 93.31 at generation size of 70, is observed.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper highlight the optimum value of performability level and FRRs for numerous subsystems. These findings are highly beneficial for plant administration to decide about the maintenance planning.

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23

Fu, Yue, Chengwen Hong, and Jingyi Li. "Optimal decoupling control method and its application to a ball mill coal-pulverizing system." IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 5, no. 6 (November 2018): 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jas.2018.7511219.

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Yuan, Gui Li, and Yan Guang Xue. "The Design of Ball Mill Control System Base on Two-Cell Immune Controller." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1106.

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Currently, Ball Mill is most used coal grinding equipment of pulverizing system of thermal power plant in China. Because of this system is multivariable, strong-coupling and serious time-delay, and it also has nonlinear, time-varying and distributed parameter characteristics. It is naturally difficult to be effective for such kind system to use PID regulation law and design multi-variable system by single-loop. So try more intelligent control for this kind system. Immune Control has fast response and robustness, especially; the Two-cell Immune Control has integration and memory characteristics, and improve the system to better control effect. It is particularly suitable for solving practical engineering application problems with robustness, adaptability and requirements of dynamic performance. So this paper use Two-cell Immune Control for the Ball Mill Control System, and make a large number of simulation experiments about rated parameter, non-rated parameter and adding disturbance situation, it has made a good dynamic and static performance under various conditions. These results confirm the validity of the design of Ball Mill Control System base on Two-cell Immune Controller.

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Doukovska, Lyubka A., and Svetla I. Vassileva. "Intelligent methods for process control and diagnostics of a mill fan system." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2014-0012.

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Abstract The intelligent methods for process control and diagnostics of the mill fan system is an established field of scientific and applied investigations. In the present paper several types of process control approaches with different structures are considered. In order to choose the most efficient one, comparative analysis is carried out. The mill fans are a basic element of the dust-preparing systems of steam generators with direct breathing of the coal dust in the furnace chamber. Such generators in Bulgaria are the ones in Maritsa East 2 Thermal Power Plant, in Maritsa East 3 Thermal Power Plant and also in Bobov Dol Thermal Power Plant. The subject of this research is a device from Maritsa East 2 Thermal Power Plant. This is the largest thermal power plant on the Balkan Peninsula. Standard statistical and probabilistic (Bayesian) approaches for diagnostics are inapplicable to estimate the mill fan technical state due to non-stationarity, non-ergodicity and the significant noise level. The possibility to predict eventual damages or wearing out without switching off the device is significant for providing faultless and reliable work, avoiding the losses caused by planned maintenance.

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Hu, Yong, Boyu Ping, Deliang Zeng, Yuguang Niu, Yaokui Gao, and Dongming Zhang. "Research on fault diagnosis of coal mill system based on the simulated typical fault samples." Measurement 161 (September 2020): 107864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107864.

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Gao, Yaokui, Deliang Zeng, Jizhen Liu, and Yifan Jian. "Optimization control of a pulverizing system on the basis of the estimation of the outlet coal powder flow of a coal mill." Control Engineering Practice 63 (June 2017): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2017.03.015.

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Huang, Peng, Minping Jia, and Binglin Zhong. "Study on the Method for Collecting Vibration Signals from Mill Shell Based on Measuring the Fill Level of Ball Mill." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/472315.

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At present the method for measuring the fill level which used the vibration signal of mill shell shows its advantage compared with other methods. However, this method is developed late, and the technique for collecting the vibration signal from mill shell is immature. In this paper, a novel method for collecting the vibration data from mill shell is proposed. Firstly, the layout scheme of vibration sensors on mill shell is given by analyzing the axial and circumferential movement of coal powder in roller. And a special data acquisition system is developed, which can acquire vibration data from different axial and circumferential positions on mill shell. Then the sampling frequency is obtained based on impact model and hierarchical model of steel balls. At the same time, the impact region on mill shell caused by steel balls is considered as the collecting region of vibration signals. Experimental result shows that vibration signals collected by the method proposed in this paper present a high sensitivity to the changes on fill level compared with vibration data of mill bearing, which provides a reliable basis for accurate measurement of the fill level.

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Anggraini, Denny astrie, and Rudy. "Pengendalian Persediaan Batubara Menggunakan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) (Studi Kasus : PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper tbk)." Jurnal Surya Teknika 8, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jst.v8i1.2540.

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PT. Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper Perawang Mill is one of the largest pulp and paper producing companies in Indonesia and even in Southeast Asia. This company produces its own energy for production purposes. Where this company has 12 Steam Power Plants (PLTU) with a boiler system. This Steam Power Plant (PLTU) uses several types of fuel, both biomass and fossil fuel types. The main fuel used is the type of fossil coal. However, currently the coal inventory control process has not been carried out properly so that a lot of coal is piled up in the stockpile and causes coal to burn (Spontanous Comustion). In order not to cause losses to the company, the control of coal inventory must be carried out properly. One method that can be used is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method for 12 periods (1 year) namely December 2020 – November 2021. From the results of this inventory control, the number of economic orders for coal is 20,841 tons with a total of 107 orders. To avoid stockpiling or shortages, a safety stock is needed, namely 847,439 Tons, while reordering can be done when the coal stock in the stockpile is 522,155 Tons remaining. With maximum stock in stockpile is 868,820 Tons. The total cost for coal inventory that must be spent is Rp. 23,244,747. Keywords : Coal, Inventory Control, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

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Zhou, Yan Ming, Ji Geng Li, and Huan Bin Liu. "The Abstract Device Models and the General Mathematical Models for Energy and Exergy Analyse in Papermaking Mill." Advanced Materials Research 499 (April 2012): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.499.160.

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There are huge potential energy-saving in the papermaking mill. However the modelling and simulation of papermaking mills currently mainly focus on the material flow in the papermaking process, there are few energy analyses of the whole papermaking mill and even fewer exergy analyses. In order to achieve the goals of energy-saving, this paper presents the basic works before establish the general framework of modelling and online simulation in papermaking mill, which are how to abstract the specific device and construct their corresponding mathematics models, not only for material analyze, but also for energy and exergy analyze, and at the same time, for different materials’ energy and exergy analyze, this paper gives the general mathematics models respectively. Use these models, it can do the energy and exergy analysis of the flux material, such as coal, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, water, condensate, dry atmosphere, wet atmosphere, steam, dope, slurry, wet and dry paper etc,. Base on those models, it can establish the specific device mathematical models to diagnose, analyze, optimize and simulate online the energy system of the papermaking factory. For calculating energy and exergy automatically, this paper established the property database of the water, water vapor, dry and wet atmosphere, flue gas, boiler heat dissipation and ash.

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Ivanović, Gradimir, Radivoje Mitrovic, and Dragan Jovanovic. "Reliability of Transportation Belt Rollers Used in Surface Coal Digging." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.312.

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Transport of ground and coal at the surface coal dig in Kostolac, Serbia, is done using transportation belts (3 - 5 kilometres in length) using the systems of BTR (Bagger-Transporter-Remover) and BTM (Bagger-Transporter-Mill). The transporter belt during circular movement is suspended on carry-rollers (during transport of weight) and on support-rollers (without weight). Two or three carry-rollers, or three support-rollers make a garland. Garlands (5 carry and 3 supporting) are built into a section and they enable the movement of belt over them. The number of sections depends on the transportation system length. Reliability of these systems is governed by the reliability of the carry and support rollers. In order to determine the reliability of the BTR and BTM systems, reliability analysis of both carry and support rollers was performed using the method of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD). In this paper the assessment of roller reliability is described using the FTA method with failure elements. The reliability function was determined on the basis of the RBD in the case where all of the constructive elements of the rollers are in operation the complex relationship, and when some of the elements are in failure mode the quasi-complex relationship.

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Lu, Jianhong, Laijiu Chen, Jong Shen, Yiqian Wu, and Fenghua Lu. "A study of control strategy for the bin system with tube mill in the coal fired power station." ISA Transactions 41, no. 2 (April 2002): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-0578(07)60081-0.

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Zhu, Min, Fan Long Kong, Yue Li, Nan Wang, Min Xi, and Li Xia Zhao. "Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization in Cotton Manufacturing Enterprise: Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Aspects of a Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1425.

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In this paper, a detailed description of a project designed to recovery and utilize waste heat in a cotton manufacturing enterprise in Shandong, Jin Mao Textile Co., Ltd(China) is presented: both energy saving and emission reduction(ESER) aspects have been thoroughly considered. First of all, an accurate analysis of the status of the previous cotton mill for production process was developed, to identify possible improvement opportunities; then an energy saving reformation of waste heat recovery in cotton mill was proposed and designed. After that, by means of a comprehensive feasibility analysis, the ESER indices were calculated assuring good environmental benefits of the plant modification investment. The modifications to the system make it possible to achieve consistent annual savings of coal, electricity and waste heat, CO2, SO2 emissions through effective recovery and utilization of the waste heat that was discharged into the atmosphere in the original production. Implementation of the reformation system fulfilled the waste heat recovery and utilization. And also create good environmental benefits.

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Ferrín, J. L., and L. Saavedra. "Distribution of the coal flow in the mill-duct system of the As Pontes Power Plant using CFD modeling." Fuel Processing Technology 106 (February 2013): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.07.005.

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Yi, Sang-Ho, Woon-Jae Lee, Young-Seok Lee, and Wan-Ho Kim. "Hydrogen-Based Reduction Ironmaking Process and Conversion Technology." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.1.41.

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This study analyzed the current state of technical development of the BF-based process, to determine ways to reduce carbon consumption. The technical features of the hydrogen reduction ironmaking process were also examined as a decarbonized ironmaking method, and related issues that should be considered when converting to hydrogen reduction are discussed. The coal rate consumed by the reduction reaction in the coal-based BF process should be less than 50%. The heat requirement for indirect reduction in hydrogen reduction is higher than that of CO reduction, since hydrogen reduction is endothermic. The BF-based integrated steel mill is an energy independent process, since coal is used for the reduction of iron ore and melting, and the by-product gases evolved from the BF process are utilized for reheating the furnace, the power plant, and steam production. For hydrogen reduction, only green hydrogen should be used for the reduction of iron ore, and the power required to melt the iron and for the downstream rolling process will have to be provided from the external grid. Therefore, to convert to hydrogen reduction, green power should be supplied from an external infrastructure system of the steel industry. It will be necessary to discuss an optimized pathway for the step-by-step replacement of current coal-based facilities, and to reach agreement on the socio-economic industrial transition to hydrogen reduction steel.

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PETHE, SAMIT J., PAUL W. CLONINGER, RYAN R. SHORTREED, and KEN M. HARDISON. "Boiler retrofit improves efficiency and increases biomass firing rates." March 2021 20, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.3.173.

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Domtar’s fluff pulp mill in Plymouth, NC, USA, operates two biomass/hog fuel fired boilers (HFBs). For energy consolidation and reliability improvement, Domtar wanted to decommission the No. 1 HFB and refurbish/retrofit the No. 2 HFB. The No. 2 HFB was designed to burn pulverized coal and/or biomass on a traveling grate. The steaming capacity was 500,000 lb/h from coal and 400,000 lb/h from biomass. However, it had never sustained this design biomass steaming rate. As the sole power boiler, the No. 2 HFB would need to sustain 400,000 lb/h of biomass steam during peak loads. An extensive evaluation by a combustion and boiler technologies supplier was undertaken. The evaluation involved field testing, analysis, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and it identified several bottle-necks and deficiencies to achieving the No. 2 HFB’s biomass steam goal. These bottlenecks included an inadequate combustion system; insufficient heat capture; excessive combustion air temperature; inadequate sweetwater con-denser (SWC) capacity; and limited induced draft fan capacity. To address the identified deficiencies, various upgrades were engineered and implemented. These upgrades included modern pneumatic fuel distributors; a modern sidewall, interlaced overfire air (OFA) system; a new, larger economizer; modified feedwater piping to increase SWC capacity; replacement of the scrubber with a dry electro-static precipitator; and upgraded boiler controls. With the deployment of these upgrades, the No. 2 HFB achieved the targeted biomass steaming rate of 400,000 lb/h, along with lowered stack gas and combustion air temperatures. All mandated emissions limit tests at 500,000 lb/h of steam with 400,000 lb/h of biomass steam were passed, and Domtar reports a 10% reduction in fuel firing rates, which represents significant fuel savings. In addition, the mill was able to decommission the No. 1 HFB, which has substantially lowered operating and maintenance costs.

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Song, Xing Yu, Jing Chen, Shi Jie Deng, You Xin Yuan, and Qing Wang. "Modeling and Simulation of Motor Discrete Variable Frequency Soft Starting Based on the Variable Reactance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.930.

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The started motors are characterized by the low staring torque and large currents when the motors draw the heavy-loads. Therefore, a method of motor discrete variable frequency soft starting based on the variable reactance is presented in this paper [1,2]. According to the topological structure and working principle of motor discrete variable frequency soft starting based on the variable reactance, the simulation model of the system has been set up by the Matlab/Simulink tool. Simulation results show that the motor starters developed with this method have been successfully applied to the loads of the drive equipment in the kiln, coal grinding mill or the mine. It can improve the starting performance when the motors draw the heavy-loads., save energy, stabilize the voltage of the power supply network.

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Chen, Houtao, Xihui Wang, Zhijie Wang, and Liang Peng. "Application of a method for calculating coal quantity feed into boiler for double inlet and outlet ball mill in the coordinated control system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 64 (May 2017): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/64/1/012093.

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Milutinovic, Zlatan, Marko Ristic, Ivana Vasovic, Milan Prokolab, and Bojan Gligorijevic. "Analyzing Properties of New Hard Coating Technologies for Increasing the Wear Resistance." Advanced Materials Research 1029 (September 2014): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1029.112.

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The aim of this paper is, improving the characteristic of Ventilation mill for grinding coal which is one of the main part of steam power plants in the system that makes a significant influence on the level of energy efficiency with its work. Working parts of the mil during exploitation are dominantly exposed to intensive abrasive and erosive wear and also to impact loading at elevated temperatures, which can lead to damage and fracture of homogeneous materials, thus shortening their working life. For solving the problem of increasing the wear resistance of the parts for transport and coal grinding in power plants, to investigate the optimum application of technology in hard coatings by different procedures, and filer materials. Hard coatings were carried out with cold (plasma and arc treatment) and hot metallization (with concurrent and subsequent drowning). It has been used the additional materials of different chemical composition and properties based on Ni (NiCrBSi; NiCrBSiFe; NiCrBSi / WC) and Fe (FeCrCSiMo; FeCrCBSiTi; FeCrCBNiSi). The main goal of this paper is to make the selection of optimum hardfacing procedures, group of filler materials and hardfacing technology definition based on the results of structural and mechanical properties of samples, experimental model hardfacing. These were investigation of its structure, measurement and distribution of hardness in the samples, tribology characteristic samples with hard coatings. Based on the results of these tests there were selected the additional materials and procedures for applying hard coatings, which would be apply in the revitalization of parts in transport at and coal grinding.

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Haigh, Martin, Mansi Desai, Mike Cullis, Margaret D’Aucourt, Ben Sansom, Gill Wilding, Elanor Alun, et al. "Composted Municipal Green Waste Enhances Tree Success in Opencast Coal Land Reclamation in Wales." Air, Soil and Water Research 12 (January 2019): 117862211987783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622119877837.

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The United Kingdom has a problem in the disposal of municipal green waste (MGW). This is unsuitable for landfill, but when properly composted may be beneficial to tree growth. A formal controlled trial of the 11-year growth (height, diameter at breast height [DBH]) and survival of 3 tree species was evaluated on degraded former opencast coal land on the margins of UNESCO’s Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World Heritage site in South East Wales. Forest reclamation is considered a viable cost-effective approach to reclamation but success may be compromised by infertile and seriously compacted substrates, the depleted bio-geoecological system, and a lack of funding. In this trial, trees were (or were not) supplied, on planting, with 0.75 kg per stem of composted MGW – here a mixture of 40% domestic food waste and 60% garden waste. Results show that the application of MGW made no significant difference to either tree height or DBH. Survival rates were highest for Common Alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) followed by Silver Birch ( Betula pendula, Roth) and European Larch ( Larix decidua Mill.). However, Silver Birch and Larch treated with MGW compost had significantly greater survival rates, whereas Alder had significantly lower survival rates, compared with trees planted without MGW treatment.

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Siregar, Kiman, Achmadin Luthfi Machsun, Sholihati Sholihati, Rizal Alamsyah, Ichwana Ichwana, Nobel Christian Siregar, Syafriandi Syafriandi, et al. "Life Cycle Impact Assessment on Electricity Production from Biomass Power Plant System Through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Method using Biomass from Palm Oil Mill in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 188 (2020): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018800018.

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New energy and renewable widely available in Indonesia. One of them is the biomass that can be used with gasification technology. Biomass is an organic matter to which derived from biological materials. This research was used integration gasification system with a gas engine, which works more properly with CO, and H2. The advantage of this biomass power plant compared the environmental impact on other types of plants such as coal-fired power plants, diesel power plants, etc. Therefore the potential of environmental impacts was generated, it is necessary to calculate quantitatively through the life cycle assessment methods. This research aimed to calculate impact assessment on electricity production from a Biomass Power Plant system through a life cycle assessment with boundary cradle to grave in Indonesia. The study revealed that greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of electricity production from an empty fruit bunch palm oil mill was 0.15 kg CO2-eq kWh–1. The gas engine was the highest GHG emission contributor during its life cycle. Empty fruit bunch as a source of biomass for electricity production was considered as climate-friendly power plant system due to its potential in reducing GHG emission from palm oil production and released lower GHG emission.

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Zhurinov M.Zh.,, Teltayev B.B.,, Kalybay A.A.,, Rossi C.O.,, and Amirbayev Ye.D.,. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOW TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE FOR NANOCARBON AND OTHER BITUMENS." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 5, no. 443 (October 15, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.108.

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A comparative analysis of the low temperature resistance for a nanocarbon bitumen and other 30 neat and modified bitumens has been performed in the work. The stiffness at the temperatures of -24°С, -30°С and -36°С under technical system Superpave has been accepted as an indicator of low temperature resistance of the bitumens. The stiffness of the bitumens has been determined on a bending beam rheometer (standard ASTM D 6648-08). Before testing the bitumens have been subjected to the double artificial aging: short-term aging – under standard AASHTO Т 240-13 and long-term aging – under standard ASTM D 6521-08. The nanocarbon bitumen has been prepared in the laboratory of the Kazakhstan Highway Research Institute (KazdorNII) with the use of a road bitumen of the grade BND 70/100 produced by the Pavlodar petrochemical plant (PNHZ) and a nanocarbon powder (2% by weight) manufactured from a coal rock of the deposit “Saryadyr” “Corporation “ON-Olzha” LLP, Akmola region, Kazakhstan). The nanocarbon powder (150-200 nm) has been manufactured by three-stage size reduction of the coal rock: I – a mechanical dispergator (up to 2-3 mm), II – an aerodynamic mill (up to 20 mcm), III – a reactor with a rotating electromagnetic field. The neat bitumens of the grades BND 50/70, BND 70/100, BND 100/130 have been produced by the plants of Kazakhstan and Russia; they satisfy the requirements of the standard ST RK 1373-2013. The modified bitumens have been prepared in the laboratory of KazdorNII with the use of the neat bitumens, 7 types of the polymers, crumb rubber and polyphosphoric acid and they satisfy the requirements of the standard ST RK 2534-2014. It has been determined that the nanocarbon bitumen is one of the most resistant at the low temperatures: -24°С, -30°С and -36°С.

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Bieda, B., A. Henclik, and J. Kulczycka. "Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical Industry." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-010-0010-8.

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Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical IndustryThe Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the environmental management techniques, which aims to assess potential hazards to the environment of products, processes or entire systems. The role of LCA has been increasing as it was proposed in many EU and Polish official documents. The present paper aims to analyse the environmental impact of the process of energy generation in a boiler station (hereinafter referred to as the power plant), incorporated in the integrated mill operating in the Polish ferrous metal industry. Obtained results show that the most harmful potential for the environment presents the emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides - this affects the respiratory system. The following impact factors potentially affecting the production of energy in the power plant are the climate change category, carcinogenic factors and fossil fuels. Moreover, comparative study for four variants of annual operation of the power plant was performed, whereby the variants differed only by the proportion in dosage of two types of fuel: hard coal and blast furnace gas (other fuels such as natural and coke gas were left at the current levels - they are used as "starting" fuel). Using the blast furnace gas will always be less harmful alternative for the environment, as it is a waste fuel, a side product, which requires no material and energy cost to produce. The only drawback of this fuel is high carbon emission index while combusting the blast furnace gas.

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Wan, Wen Jun, Zhi Yuan Fan, Wei Jian Huang, and Shi He Chen. "Dynamic Characteristics and Mathematical Models of Filled Level for Ball Mills with Double Inlets and Outlets." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.988.

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Ball mills with double inlets and outlets (BMDIO) are widely equipped in milling systems of thermal power plants because of BMDIOs’ vantage on being able to pulverize various raw coal. In this paper, dynamic characteristics of mill’s coal level were studied by pulverizing coal mechanism analysis. Furthermore, models for filled level of mill were obtained with mathematical Equations. The nonlinear, strong coupling and large lag features of BMDIO’s dynamic characteristics were demonstrated by the model for level of materiel constructed in this paper. And, the model would be become the available theory basis for the calculation of pulverized coal into furnace and design of combustion in fossil-fired thermal unit.

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Jirásek, Jakub, Dalibor Matýsek, Petr Alexa, Michal Osovský, Radim Uhlář, and Martin Sivek. "High Specific Activity of Radium Isotopes in Baryte from the Czech Part of the Upper Silesian Basin—An Example of Spontaneous Mine Water Treatment." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020103.

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Radium-bearing barytes (radiobarytes) have been known since the beginning of the 20th century. They are mainly found as precipitates of low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. In anthropogenic environments, they frequently occur as crusts on oil industry equipment used for borehole extraction, in leachates from uranium mill tailings, and as a by-product of phosphoric acid manufacturing. Recently, we recognized Ra-rich baryte as a precipitate in the water drainage system of a bituminous coal mine in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin. The precipitate is a relatively pure baryte, with the empirical formula (Ba0.934Sr0.058Ca0.051Mg0.003)Σ1.046S0.985O4.000. The mean specific activity of 226Ra was investigated by the two-sample method and it equals 39.62(22) Bq/g, a level that exceeds known natural occurrences. The values for 228Ra and 224Ra are 23.39(26) Bq/g and 11.03(25) Bq/g. The radium content in the baryte is 1.071 ng/g. It is clear that the Ra-rich baryte results from the mixing of two different mine waters—brines rich in Ba, Sr, and isotopes 226Ra and 228Ra and waters that are affected by sulfide weathering in mine works. When this mixing occurs in surface watercourses, it could present a serious problem due to the half-life of 226Ra, which is 1600 years. If such mixing spontaneously happens in a mine, then the environmental risks will be much lower and will be, to a great, extent eliminated after the closure of the mine.

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Chai, Tianyou, Heng Yue, and Yan Bai. "Intelligent Control of Coal-Pulverizing Systems With Ball-Tube Mill." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 32, no. 2 (July 1999): 7214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)57231-6.

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Tsukashima, Hiroshi, Tsutomu Kato, Yoshiharu Yoneyama, and Yukio Sakai. "Coal solubilization with metal—alkyl halide system under mild conditions." Fuel Processing Technology 14 (November 1986): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(86)90021-4.

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Yousif, I. A., and A. A. Fadl El- Moula. "Characterisation of Kenana cattle breed and its production environment." Animal Genetic Resources Information 38 (April 2006): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002042.

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SummaryThe Kenana cattle breed originates from Bos indicus or humped cattle. The name Kenana came from the traditional owners, the Kenana people, who are mainly nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes. The light blue-gray coat is the characteristic color of Kenana cattle. Calves are frequently born with a brown-red coat that tends to change to a permanent gray at three to six months of age. At maturity the average body weights of males and females range from 300–500 kg and 250–350 kg respectively. The total population of Kenana and Butana cattle as major milk producers comprises 25% of the whole cattle population of Sudan. The Kenana homeland is the delta between the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The main system of production is the range system which includes the pastoral and semi-pastoral types. The nature of the nomadism in Kenana is relatively mild. The average milk production per lactation (198–257 days) varies between 1 400 kg and 2 100 kg respectively and maximum production is attained at seven to eight years of age.

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E. PINKERTON, JOHN. "Trends in pulp and paper mill emissions of SO2 and NOx, 1980-2010." February 2014 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.2.9.

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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from U.S. pulp and paper mills have been estimated from industry-wide surveys conducted every five years, beginning in 1980 and continuing through 2010. Between 1980 and 2010, total SO2 emissions declined by over 70%, while paper and paperboard production rose 35%. NOx emissions peaked in 1995, but fell by almost 40% over the next 15 years. Paper and paperboard production only declined 7% over the same period. These downward emission trends resulted from several factors, including reductions in oil and coal use, declining oil and coal sulfur content, increased use of add-on SO2 and NOx control systems on boilers, growing use of combustion modification techniques to minimize emissions, improvements in energy efficiency, and declining pulp, paper, and paperboard production over the past 15 years.

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Sijercic, Miroslav, Srdjan Belosevic, and Predrag Stefanovic. "Modeling of pulverized coal combustion stabilization by means of plasma torches." Thermal Science 9, no. 2 (2005): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0502057s.

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Application of plasma-system for pulverized coal ignition and combustion stabilization in utility boiler furnaces promises to achieve certain savings compared to the use of heavy oil burners. Plasma torches are built in air-coal dust mixture ducts between coal mills and burners. Characteristics of processes in the ducts with plasma-system for pulverized coal combustion stabilization are analyzed in the paper, with respect to the modeling and numerical simulation of mass, momentum and heat transfer in two-phase turbulent gas-particle flow. The simulations have been performed for three different geometries of the air-coal dust mixture ducts with plasma torches, for TENTAI utility boiler and pulverized lignite Kolubara-Field "D". Selected results of numerical simulation of processes are presented. The plasma-system thermal effect is discussed regarding corresponding savings of liquid fuel. The results of numerical simulations have been analyzed with respect to the processes in the duct and especially with respect to the influence of the duct shape to a temperature field at the outlet cross section, as a basis for the duct geometry optimization. It has been emphasized that numerical simulation of processes can be applied in analysis and optimization of pulverized coal ignition and combustion stabilization and enables efficient and cost-effective scaling-up procedure from laboratory to industrial level.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coal mill system'

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