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1
Kaur, Amarjit. "Hewers and Haulers: A History of Coal Miners and Coal Mining in Malaya." Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (February 1990): 75–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001177.
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The history of coal mining in Malaya is synonymous with the history of Malayan Collieries and Batu Arang town since coal was only ever economically mined in this small area in Ulu Selangor. The town of Batu Arang, the Malayan Collieries and the mines left an indelible mark on Malayan history. Previous accounts of the history of coal mining are restricted to mentions in general works on labour and the labour unrest of 1936–37 and 1946–47. This paper outlines the role of coal mining in the Malayan economy in the first half of the twentieth century. It also focuses on the history of labour at the collieries and the significant role that labour played in the development and growth of industrial activism in Malaya.
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Ma, Chuanbin. "Exploration of the Application of Green Mining Technology in Coal Mines under the New Situation." Applied Science and Innovative Research 8, no. 1 (March 2, 2024): p159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v8n1p159.
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This paper discusses the application of green mining technology in coal mines under the new situation, considering the environmental pressures and requirements for sustainable development faced by coal mining. Firstly, it introduces the definition and principles of green mining, along with its development history, and analyzes the importance of relevant policies and regulations. Subsequently, it analyzes the demands faced by coal mining under the new situation, including the relationship between environmental issues and sustainable development, the impact of new energy development on coal mines, and social demands and public opinion pressure. Furthermore, through application cases, it showcases the specific practices of green mining technology in coal mines, involving environmental protection technology, energy efficiency improvement technology, and green mining technology. When discussing the challenges and issues of technology application, it focuses on technical difficulties, economic feasibility, and human resources and training needs. Finally, it looks ahead to the prospects of green mining technology in coal mines, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and proposing suggestions regarding technological innovation, policy support, and corporate responsibilities.
3
Wu, Xuefei, Hongxia Li, Baoli Wang, and Mengbo Zhu. "Review on Improvements to the Safety Level of Coal Mines by Applying Intelligent Coal Mining." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416400.
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China suffers the worst coal mine disasters in the world. Lots of miners lose their lives or suffer occupational injury. Fortunately, China is developing vigorously intelligent coal mining, which is the combination of traditional coal mining and the latest technology. Mining expects to relieve or solve coal mine safety, health and intensive labor issues and ensure energy security by applying intelligent coal mining. This paper fully reviews the promotion of intelligent coal mining to coal mine safety. Firstly, a brief history of intelligent coal mining is introduced. Then the safety motivation of the intelligent coal mine is discussed in four perspectives, including current the coal mine safety tendency, the positive impact of mechanized coal mining on safety, coal mine safety conception of “Mechanization Replacement and Automation Reduction”, and government initiatives. The intelligent prevention and control scheme of major disasters matching intelligent coal mining are also reviewed in the present paper, including intelligent gas extraction, intelligent coal and gas outburst/rock-burst prevention, and the real-time monitoring of water diversion fissure zone. Finally, the positive impacts of intelligent coal mining on safety are evaluated. Compared with traditional longwall face, the number of miners of coal cutting shift is reduced from 20~30 to 5~7, and the working environment is greatly improved. The statistics have shown that the employees in large coal mines, the mortality rates per 106 tons of coal output, and the number of deaths decreased by 33%, 72.2%, and 66.9% during the period of rapid development of intelligent mining technology (2016–2021). In the future, more and more key technologies and management skills should be introduced, aiming at workless mining and the intrinsic safety of the coal mine. This paper provides a way for safety researchers around the world to understand the tendency of coal mine safety in China.
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Nerbas, Don. "“Lawless Coal Miners” and the Lingan Strike of 1882–1883." Labour / Le Travail 92 (November 10, 2023): 81–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.52975/llt.2023v92.005.
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The Lingan strike of 1882–83 was the last in a series of strikes over a two-decade period on Cape Breton Island’s Sydney coalfield. With the use of untapped local sources, this article reconstructs the history of this understudied strike within a broader history of social relations on the coalfield. The migration of labourers from the island’s backland farms – predominantly from Highland enclave settlements – to the coal mines played a decisive role in shaping the era’s new coal mining villages and the character of social conflict. By the early 1880s, structural change associated with National Policy industrialism was eroding the old authority of the coal operators, and miners embraced the Provincial Workmen’s Association (pwa) to advance their claims in long-standing and highly localized contestations. Ultimately the coal communities themselves imposed the emergent trade unionism. The Lingan strike marked a transition to a new political order on the coalfield, structured by the place of the coal mines within the wider Cape Breton countryside and built upon a powerful localism and moral economy that recast the public sphere and the miners’ place in it.
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Krukovskyi, Oleksandr. "Analysis of the circumstances of methane explosions at the mines of Ukraine." Geo-Technical Mechanics, no. 157 (2021): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2021.157.048.
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The article analyzes and summarizes the circumstances of methane explosions in mines of Ukraine over the past 50 years, which occurred as a result of the formation of dangerous methane concentrations in the outgoing jets of mining areas. Both explosions in excavation areas and explosions associated with gas contamination of areas that occurred outside of them were reflected. The typification of methane explosions is carried out and the schemes of their occurrence are determined, the classification of which is based on the causes of the formation of an explosive atmosphere. These include explosions: in mined-out areas, in case of ventilation disturbances, in local accumulations of methane, in the degassing of areas after ventilation disturbances, in the degassing of dead-end workings within excavation areas, with increased gas release, as well as explosions caused by gas contamination of excavation areas that arose behind their limits. It has been established that the main reasons for the formation of an explosive atmosphere in mining areas during methane explosions are disturbances in ventilation, accumulation of methane in mined-out areas and the formation of local accumulations. Data on the most serious accidents from methane explosions in the history of the coal industry in Ukraine are given separately. It is concluded that stationary automatic equipment for monitoring the concentration of methane does not always make it possible to recognize a hazardous situation in mining areas in case of disturbances in ventilation and due to other causes of gas pollution. Several other gas-dynamic phenomena that have occurred in recent years have also been analyzed; these include endogenous fires from spontaneous combustion of coal during mining operations in an extremely stressed coal-rock mass. As recommendations, it was noted that to improve the efficiency of air-gas control and reduce the likelihood of methane explosions, the following measures are advisable: control of air consumption in mining areas of mines of category III for methane and higher, monitoring of carbon monoxide in the initial ventilation jets of mining areas during the development of coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, improving the organization of notification of underground personnel about cases of gas contamination of mine workings. Keywords: coal mines, mining areas, methane, explosions, endogenous fires.
6
NGUYEN, THUY LINH. "Dynamite, Opium, and a Transnational Shadow Economy at Tonkinese Coal Mines." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 6 (February 13, 2020): 1876–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x18000574.
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AbstractThe rise of the coal-mining industry in colonial Vietnam has often been associated with the French economic presence and their drastic methods of exploitation. But, beyond the confines of French mining enterprises, coal mining gave rise to transnational economic links, fuelled clandestine economic activities, and bound communities across the Chinese–Vietnamese borderland. Drawing from business and police records located at the Vietnamese national archives including those of the Société Francaise des Charbonnages du Tonkin (SFCT)—the largest French coal-mining company in Indochina, this article reveals a thriving, complex, and intersected world of criminal activities involving the theft and trafficking of explosives and opium at Tonkinese coal mines. An investigation into the patterns of these crimes and their perpetrators exposes a transnational shadow economy that managed to stay under the radar of both the French surveillance system and the Vietnamese nationalist movement. Breaking away from the metropole–colony paradigm in colonial historiography, this blended history of labour and crime provides a new lens through which to explore the dynamics of colonial rule and the interplay of the local and the global, as well as the creation of new and important inter-Asian networks.
7
Platonova, Nonna M., and Vladimir V. Sinichenko. "Social and Economic Development of the Suchan Coal Mine in the 1920s in the Documents from the State Archive of Khabarovsk Krai." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2021): 816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-3-816-826.
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The study addresses the socio-economic development of the Suchan coal mine, the oldest coal-mining enterprise in the Russian Far East; it draws on archival sources in order to highlight the pages of history of the coal industry in the region. Taking into account the results of their predecessors’ work, the authors study the characteristic features of the coal industry development in the Far East under the conditions of the New Economic Policy of the Soviet state. There was a lack of diversified assistance from the Center, while the attention of the party elite to the resources of extractive industries increased: these were traditionally redirected for the needs of the Western regions or exported. The novelty consists in a comprehensive study of the development of the Suchan mine in the 1920s in the context of political and socio-economic situation in the country and the region. The study shows the role of central and local authorities at the stage of reconstruction of the coal industry, the participation of trade union organizations in the formation of labor collectives in the Suchan. It considers the mechanism of regulation of ‘collective agreement relations, the participants of which were the miner trade union and the Suchan mines. Analysis of the socio-economic development of the coal mining enterprise in the era of transformation contributes to formation of ideas about the material and living condition of the miners. The causes of unstable social situation in the Suchan mines are revealed in the context of social policy of the Soviet state. There were problems with wages and unsettled system of coal mining prices, which repeatedly became a cause for conflict between the coal hewers and the administration, attempting to avoid strikes. The social image of the Suchan workers has been reconstructed: they were mostly from rural areas and kept a close connection with the village. The unsolved housing problem had an impact on the miners’ way of life. It is concluded that with completion of the restoration of the industrial sector of the Soviet Far East economy, the model of state patronage over the region had been established; alongside with military and strategic tasks, it focused on the coal industry. However, the complex of social and household problems of the Suchan miners remained unsolved.
8
Gibbs, Pat. "Coal, Rail and Victorians in the South African Veld. The Convergence of Colonial Elites and Finance Capital in the Stormberg Mountains of the Eastern Cape, 1880–1910." Britain and the World 11, no. 2 (September 2018): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0298.
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This article investigates an intermediary period in the Cape colony when the largely unknown convergence of British social and industrial capital around coal mining occurred in the Stormberg Mountains of the North Eastern Cape. Within the context of a triangular nexus of mining and its two major clients, the diamond mines at Kimberley and the newly arrived Cape Government Railway, a social coalescence of mainly British immigrants arose in the town of Molteno, exhibiting an distinctly British Victorian culture. This paper also shows how the town became a colonial enclave on the remote periphery of the Cape Colony, utilising a racialised class system, and the ways in which the singularity of Victorian society was emphasised by two surrounding cultures which were alien to the British. After the South African War ended, one of these cultures had begun to take root within the town. When the coal mines were brought to an end by the erratic orders of the Cape Government Railway and its access to superior and cheaper coal from Lewis and Marks at Viljoensdrift in the ZAR and the greater economic pull of the Rand gold mines which diverted labour to the north, this ‘colonial moment’ in the Stormberg was over.
9
Borowski, Marek, and Zbigniew Kuczera. "Comparison of Methane Control Methods in Polish and Vietnamese Coal Mines." E3S Web of Conferences 35 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183501004.
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Methane hazard often occurs in hard coal mines and causes very serious accidents and can be the reason of methane or methane and coal dust explosions. History of coal mining shows that methane released from the rock mass to the longwall area was responsible for numerous mining disasters. The main source of methane are coal deposits because it is autochthonous gas and is closely related with carbonification and forming of coal deposits. Degree of methane saturation in coal deposits depends on numerous factors; mainly on presence or lack of insulating layers in cover deposit that allow or do not on degasification and easily methane outflow into surroundings. Hence in coal mining there are coal deposits that contain only low degree of methane saturation in places where is lack of insulating layers till high in methane coal deposits occurring in insulating claystones or in shales. Conducting mining works in coal deposits of high methane hazard without using of special measures to combat (ventilation, methane drainage) could be impossible. Control of methane hazard depends also on other co-occuring natural dangers for which used preventive actions eliminate methane hazard. Safety in mines excavating coal deposits saturated with methane depends on the correct estimation of methane hazard, drawn up forecasts, conducted observations, hazard control as well as undertaken prevention measures. Methane risk prevention includes identification and control methods of methane hazards as well as means of combating the explosive accumulation of methane in longwall workings. The main preventive actions in underground coal mines are: effective ventilation that prevents forming of methane fuses or placed methane accumulation in headings ventilated by airflow created by main fans and in headings with auxiliary ventilation, methane drainage using drain holes that are drilled from underground headings or from the surface, methanometry control of methane concentration in the air; location of the sensors is defined by law, additional ventilation equipment used in places of lower intensity of ventilation and places where methane is concentrated.
10
Winterton, Jonathan. "The 1984–85 miners' strike and technological change." British Journal for the History of Science 26, no. 1 (March 1993): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400030107.
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The proximate cause of the 1984–85 miners' strike, the longest mass strike in British history, was a round of colliery closures announced by the National Coal Board (NCB, now British Coal) in March 1984 as part of the restructuring of the British coal mining industry. The impact of pit closures upon communities is so immediate and devastating that the effect obscured the fundamental causes. The restructuring process had accelerated since 1979 because of the economic and energy policies adopted by Conservative governments, but had its origins in the Labour government's response to the 1973 oil shock and the tripartite settlement of the 1974 strike by the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). The 1974 Plan for Coal established an investment programme to expand coal production by three means: developing new mines; extending the life of existing collieries; and implementing new technologies. These supply-side measures were already underway when the first Thatcher government, elected in 1979, established new limits on publicsector spending and sought to liberalize markets.
11
Arıtan, Ali Ekrem, and Cem Şensöğüt. "Physical Risks in terms of Occupational Health and Safety in Underground Coal Mines." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 13, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v13i2.26.
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Mining is one of the oldest professions in history. Along with the development of human life, mines also give direction to civilization and the economy. Mining activities carry various risks in terms of occupational health and safety (OHS). These risks can be examined under the main headings of work accidents and occupational diseases. As a result, thousands of workers face illness and death every year. Additionally, economic losses occur as a result of production interruption and stopping. Despite all the efforts to reduce mining accidents, statistics show that underground mining is one of the riskiest among all working industries. It is seen that the physical risk factors encountered in the mining sector line are remarkable in terms of risk factors. Physical risk factors that may be encountered in mines are dust, noise, vibration, lighting problems, and thermal conditions. It is essential to take measures to assess these risks and ensure the comfort of employees where each physical risk factor needs to be examined separately. In this study, physical risks being frequently encountered in underground coal mines are taken into account with recommendations for the risks.
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Muhammad Asif, Naima Saeed, Alam Tareen, Muhammad Ishaq, and Ameer Ali Abro. "Coals Mines, Repository of Linguistic Diversity." Al-Burz 8, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v8i1.139.
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Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan in terms of area , and it has long history behind it , the province is mostly mountainous the 70% of Baluchistan’s land is consist of mountains but the province is also rich in agriculture and livestock, the population is less as compare to its area or land and it has scattered population, it also has the world’s oldest civilization such as MHER Gard civilization historic and prehistoric evidences prove this statement, the land of Balochistan has seen several kind of invaders in the history, it is gate way to central Asia, the province is rich in archeological sites, the province is well famous regarding its fruits and natural minerals, 39 type of minerals has been exploited in province till 2008, this paper discuss the multiculturalism and bilingualism in especial context of Balochistan, as discussed Balochistan is bucket of several cultures and languages, it is very much rich in the context of culture, the vast area of Balochistan has huge and rich cultures inside it, the Pashtoon and Baloch are the two big nations who have been living on this land for centuries, and both nations have their rich culture in their daily life and both are very much cultural in their daily routine. The natural minerals have been mining before partition, the workers from all over the country are found on this land even large number of workers also come from the neighbor country Afghanistan, coal mining is carried out in six districts of Balochistan where workers have been mining , there major number of workers can be found from KPK province and also there is enough number of workers who belong to Hazara tribe who speak Hazargi language and they have their own language and culture, in Mach coal fields the several languages and cultures are found.
13
Łukaszczyk, Zygmunt, and Henryk Badura. "Analysis of Forecasted Methane Concentration at the Top Gate of a Wall Ventilated by Means of the “U” System. Case Study." Management Systems in Production Engineering 30, no. 4 (October 29, 2022): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2022-0043.
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Abstract The release of methane into the mine atmosphere poses a threat to the miners. Methane is an explosive gas at concentrations of 5-15% in air by volume and throughout the history of coal mining has been the cause of devastating explosions in mines around the world. For these reasons, in methane coal mines, the concentration of methane emitted from the coal face and the entire mine is controlled by means of a well-designed ventilation system, a system controlling the concentration of methane in the mine atmosphere and a system for methane drainage of the rock mass and goafs. The presented article concerns the forecast of the average concentration of methane on a given day, in the places of sensors located in the longwall roadways of discharge air exhausted from the longwall: up to 10 m in front of the wall and at the outlet of the roadway. Both forecasts were made using the prognostic equations on the basis of measurement data concerning the ventilation roadways of one of the longwalls at JSW SA.
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Marston, Michael Lee, and Korine N. Kolivras. "Identifying Surface Mine Extent Across Central Appalachia Using Time Series Analysis, 1984-2015." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2021010103.
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The Appalachians, and Central Appalachia in particular, have a long history of resource extraction including coal mining. In the past half century, the region experienced a shift from underground to surface mining, which leaves highly visible changes on the landscape. This study presents an analysis of changes in surface mining extents between 1984 and 2015 using remote sensing techniques, and tests the methods of previous research over a broader study area. The authors found that 3070 km2 (7.1%) of land within the central Appalachian coalfield was classified as mined land through the study period, and that the rate of newly mined land, as well as total mined land has decreased in recent years. The overall classification accuracy was 0.888 and the kappa coefficient was 0.880. Study results indicate that previously developed methods for identifying surface mines in a sub-region of Central Appalachia can successfully be applied over the broader region. The resulting surface mining datasets will be applied to a future study examining the potential human health impacts of surface mining.
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Greasley, David. "Fifty Years of Coal-mining Productivity: The Record of the British Coal Industry before 1939." Journal of Economic History 50, no. 4 (December 1990): 877–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700037864.
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A downward trend in British coal-mining productivity was reversed between the world wars. Declining productivity before 1914 was accompanied by wide regional differences, especially at the coalface. Scotland attained the best overall. productivity, while coalface productivity was highest in Durham and Northumberland. Regional differences narrowed by the 1920s but re-emerged in the 1930s, as mines in the North Midlands outpaced the productivity gains made elsewhere. Only a multifaceted interpretation can explain these distinctive patterns—over time, between regions, and at different stages of the coal-mining operation.
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Donovan, Joseph J., and Eric F. Perry. "Mine Flooding History of a Regional Below-Drainage Coalfield Dominated by Barrier Leakage (1970–2014)." Geofluids 2019 (March 11, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5703108.
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A 44-year record of water level fluctuations in a series of adjacent closed underground mines documents the history of closure and mine flooding in the Fairmont Coalfield, one of the oldest coal mining districts in the Pittsburgh coal basin, West Virginia, USA. As closures proceeded and mines began to flood, US environmental regulations were first enacted mandating mine water control and treatment, rendering uncontrolled surface discharges unacceptable. The purpose of this study is to present this flooding history and to identify critical events that determined how mine pools evolved in this case. Also examined is the strategy developed to control and treat water from these mines. Flooding is visualized using both water level hydrographs and mine flooding maps with the latter constructed assuming mine water hydraulic continuity between one or more mines. The earliest flooding formed small pools within near-surface mines closed prior to 1962 yet still pumped following closure to minimize leaking into adjacent still-active workings. These subpools gradually enlarged and merged as more closures occurred and the need for protective pumping was removed, forming what is today referred to as the unconfined Fairmont Pool. Later, deeper mines, separated by intact updip barriers from the Fairmont Pool, were closed and flooded more gradually, supplied in large part by leakage from the Fairmont Pool. By 1985, all mines except 2 had closed and by 1994 all had fully flooded, with the Fairmont Pool interconnected to deeper single mine pools via barrier leakage. As protective pumping ceased, the Fairmont Pool rose to a water level 3 m higher than surface drainage elevation and in 1997 discharged from an undermined section of Buffalo Creek near the Monongahela River. The principal mine operator in the basin then designed a pumping system to transfer water from the Fairmont Pool to their existing treatment facilities to the north, thus terminating the discharge. It may be concluded that the progress of mine flooding was influenced by mining history and design, by the timing of closures, by barrier leakage conditions, and by geologic structure. A key element in how flooding proceeded was the presence of a series of intact barriers separating deep from shallow mines. The shallow mines closed and flooded early, but then lost sufficient water by barrier leakage into the deeper mines to delay the completion of flooding until after the deep mines had all closed and flooded as well. Intensive mine water control has continued from the 1997 breakout to the present. The final water control scheme was likely unanticipated and serendipitous; future district-wide mining efforts should be advised to consider in advance closeout strategies to control mine water postmining.
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Romano, Rossana Barragán, and Leda Papastefanaki. "Women and Gender in the Mines: Challenging Masculinity Through History: An Introduction." International Review of Social History 65, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 191–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000774.
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AbstractThe role of women as mineworkers and as household workers has been erased. Here, we challenge the masculinity associated with the mines, taking a longer-term and a global labour history perspective. We foreground the importance of women as mineworkers in different parts of the world since the early modern period and analyse the changes introduced in coal mining in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the masculinization and mechanization, and the growing importance of women in contemporary artisanal and small-scale mining. The effect of protective laws and the exclusion of women from underground tasks was to restrict women's work more to the household, which played a pivotal role in mining communities but is insufficiently recognized. This process of “de-labourization” of women's work was closely connected with the distinction between productive and unproductive labour. This introductory article therefore centres on the important work carried out in the household by women and children. Finally, we present the three articles in this Special Theme and discuss how each of them is in dialogue with the topics addressed here. Many thanks also to Marie-José Spreeuwenberg for her invaluable engagement.
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Rosmiati, Rosmati, Anny Wahyuni, and Amir Syarifuddin. "Ombilin Coal Mine Site: History and Potential as a Learning Source for the History of the Economy Based on Outdoor Learning." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 3 (August 11, 2020): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i3.1176.
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This study aims to determine the history of the Ombilin Sawahlunto coal mine, the use of this site as a historical learning resource based on outdor learning and the obstacles it faces in its utilization. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The sources used were interviews, literature and newspapers. After collecting the sources and separating the primary and secondary sources, rewrite them. The research results found that government projects in the city of sawahlunto consist of three projects including first, exploitation of coal mines, second, construction of railways, third, construction of the port of Emmahaven (Teluk Bayur). Traces of Dutch heritage that still exist today are the railway museum, Goedang Ranseum, Mbah Soero Mine Hole, and the Coal Mining Museum. This legacy can be used as a source of historical learning based on outdor learning.
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Lu, Jun, Xinghun Meng, Yun Wang, and Zhen Yang. "Prediction of coal seam details and mining safety using multicomponent seismic data: A case history from China." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 5 (September 2016): B149—B165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0009.1.
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With the increasing mining depth of coal mines, geologic hazards have become the main source of accidents. For this reason, coal seam prediction requires more assessment parameters, such as the degree of anisotropy, [Formula: see text] value, and elastic modulus. These parameters are difficult to determine using only the PP-wave. We have inverted and interpreted multicomponent seismic data acquired from a [Formula: see text] area in the Guqiao mine located on the southern margin of the North China plate, under the constraints of drill, log, and rock-physics test data. The production coal seam 11-2 of the mine, located in the Permian Formation, was our focus of this study, and our objective was to determine the structure, fracture development, thickness, surrounding rock lithology, roof stability, and mining safety of the seam. To achieve this, we first performed an analysis of S-wave splitting and joint PP- and PS-wave inversions. The inversion results were then combined to derive additional parameters, such as the [Formula: see text] value and dynamic Young’s modulus. Finally, we established a safety coefficient for assessing the safety of coal mining. The coefficient was based on the degree of anisotropy, coal bed thickness, Young’s modulus, and [Formula: see text] value of the coal-bearing strata. The geologic data for two mining tunnels in the 11-2 coal bed, provided by Huainan Coal Mining Group, were used to verify the known structure and lithology predictions. In addition, the known structural interpretations based on the PP- and PS-wave sections were obviously superior to the results of a previous survey based on the PP-wave only. The predicted thickness of coal seam 11-2 was accurate, as confirmed by comparison with that determined from drill data. Our joint PP- and PS-wave inversion and interpretation provides more information for coal seam prediction, creating a new application for coal seismic survey.
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Uliasz-Misiak, Barbara, Jacek Misiak, Joanna Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska, and Rafał Matuła. "Environmental Risk Related to the Exploration and Exploitation of Coalbed Methane." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 6537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246537.
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In coal seams, depending on the composition of coal macerals, rank of coal, burial history, and migration of thermogenic and/or biogenic gas. In one ton of coal 1 to 25 m3 of methane can be accumulated. Accumulation of this gas is included in unconventional deposits. Exploitation of methane from coal seams is carried out with wells from mining excavations (during mining operations), wells drilled to abandoned coal mines, and wells from the surface to unexploited coal seams. Due to the low permeability of the coal matrix, hydraulic fracturing is also commonly used. Operations related to exploration (drilling works) and exploitation of methane from coal seams were analyzed. The preliminary analysis of the environmental threats associated with the exploration and exploitation of coalbed methane has made it possible to identify types of risks that affect the environment in various ways. The environmental risks were estimated as the product of the probability weightings of adverse events occurring and weightings of consequences. Drilling operations and coalbed methane (CBM) exploitation leads to environmental risks, for which the risk category falls within the controlled and accepted range.
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Tiganj, J., Y. Li, and J. Kretschmann. "Post-Mining goes international: Hurdles to climate neutrality using the example of China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1189, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1189/1/012017.
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Abstract The topic of post-mining is becoming increasingly important globally in times of climate change and sustainability. This includes not only dealing with the post-mining heritage through adequate mine water management or environmental monitoring. Rather, it requires concepts for a successful transition in affected mining regions. China, as the world’s largest mining country, offers an important point of reference here. In coal-intensive regions, economic viability is closely linked to the coal industry. Structural change requires additive policies and restructuring to create, on the one hand, innovative conversion opportunities such as the integration of renewable energies into existing mines. On the other hand, plant closures are followed by unemployment for former workers. Here, on the other hand, the creation of alternative employment and new incentives is needed to minimize the consequences for citizens and the environment. Nevertheless, it can be stated that it is essential to reuse abandoned mines in order to support several factors: Efficient use of existing resources, cost reduction, creation of alternative jobs, protection of industrial heritage, modernization of history, sustainability and green development. The driver behind this research is to actively contribute to a livable sustainable future, nationally and internationally. This area has many research gaps that need to be filled to promote internationalization and individual development. Therefore, the results are transferred from German experiences to an international level by taking China as a dominant coal player into account.
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Arents, Tom, and Norihiko Tsuneishi. "The Uneven Recruitment of Korean Miners in Japan in the 1910s and 1920s: Employment Strategies of the Miike and Chikuhō Coalmining Companies." International Review of Social History 60, S1 (December 2015): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000437.
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AbstractAfter Japan’s colonization of Korea in 1910, many Korean peasants lost their land owing to the changes imposed in agriculture, and several Japanese coalmining companies started to recruit them as a colonial surplus population. Despite the low wages they offered, not all of the companies relied on Korean miners – the distribution of this workforce was strikingly uneven. Focusing on the mines of Chikuhō and Miike in the Fukuoka prefecture during the 1910s and 1920s, this article argues that the distribution of Koreans was a consequence of uneven capital accumulation among different mining companies. This unevenness reflected the differing wages and recruitment policies of these companies. Correlating earlier groups of cheap labourers, such as convict workers, to this history, we suggest some explanations as to why some mining companies brought Korean workers into the coal-production process as an immediately available, cheap, and disposable workforce, while others did not.
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Kang, Mingxia, Dezheng Hua, and Xiaoqiang Guo. "Review on the Influence of Complex Stratum on the Drilling Trajectory of the Drilling Robot." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042532.
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A complex stratum formed due to the influence of internal and external dynamic geological processes will lead to extremely complex mining conditions in deep exploration and development of oil, gas, coal and other resources, processes mainly threatened by disasters such as coal and gas conflict, mine water inrush, and rock burst. Combined with formation identification and measurement while drilling technology, the drilling level of underground drilling robot in coal mines is constantly developing. In order to prevent coal mine accidents and achieve safe and efficient mining, efficient and accurate drilling is the key, and should be based on research on the influence of complex stratum on the drilling trajectory. In order to comprehensively and systematically summarize the research on the influence of a complex stratum on drilling tool mechanics, this paper describes the history and current situation of complex stratum exploration, measurement while drilling technology, borehole bending conditions, stress analysis of complex coal seams on drilling tools, formation force theory and method, and geosteering drilling technology. In addition, the research and application of directional drilling technology in gas control, water hazard prevention and geological anomaly detection are also discussed.
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Franaszek, Piotr. "Ochrona” infrastruktury gospodarczej KWK „Katowice” przez Służbę Bezpieczeństwa w latach 80. XX w. (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sprawy obiektowej o kryptonimie „Carbon”)." Prace Historyczne 147, no. 3 (2020): 637–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.20.034.12488.
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“Protection” of Silesian hard coal mines by the state Security Service in the 1980s (on the example of hard coal mine “Katowice”) During the entire period of the Polish People’s Republic the Polish state security forces conducted surveillance operations of factories and other workplaces. All spheres of activity – political, social and economic – were controlled. These actions intensified in the 1980s, a unique period in the recent history of Poland, after the workers’ strikes in August 1980 and the creation of the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (NSZZ) “Solidarność”. In response to the upheaval, the martial law was introduced, casting a grim shadow on the social and economic reality of the entire decade. Because of the importance of coal mining for the country’s economic system, the activities of state security forces were meticulously carried out in the mines, including the hard coal mine “Katowice”. All actions were controlled and recorded, not only those of workers who sympathized with powers hostile to the regime, but any event disturbing the rhythm of work – entirely coincidental events were tracked alongside possible cases of sabotage. Regardless of the real intentions behind these activities, this scrutiny of the state apparatus created a kind of chronicle of events that took place in the hard coal mine “Katowice” in the period under discussion.
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Jonczy, Iwona, and Michał Stawowiak. "The history of mining and metallurgy of metal ores in upper Silesia preserved in metallurgical waste dumps." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0040.
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Abstract The history of mining and metallurgy in Upper Silesia dates back to the early Middle Ages. Initially, appearing on the surface, calamine, i.e. oxidized zinc-lead ores, and limonite – iron ore were used. The development of mining technology allowed for exploitation of ore deposits at greater depths. It contributed to the intensive development of industry at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. At that time, one of the most important industrial settlements was today's Ruda Śląska. In its area, apart from hard coal mines, there were several forges processing locally exploited zinc, lead and iron ore. The testimony of the former mining and metallurgy, among others, is the dump, which is a remnant of the Hugo zinc smelter (1812-1932). Mineralogical and chemical analyzes of waste material collected on the dumping ground provide a lot of interesting information about the processed raw material.
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Jopp, Tobias A. "War, Coal, and Forced Labor: Assessing the Impact of Prisoner-of-War Employment on Coal Mine Productivity in World War I Germany." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 763–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050721000310.
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This paper assesses the causal relationship between POW assignments and labor productivity for a vital sector of the German World War I economy, namely coal mining. Prisoners of war (POWs) provided significant labor. Combining data on all Ruhr mines with a treatment-effects approach, I find that POW employment alone accounted for 36 percent of the average POW-employing mine’s annual productivity decline over wartime. Estimates also suggest that the representative POW’s productivity averaged 32 percent of the representative regular miner’s productivity and that POWs’ contribution to wartime coal output amounted to 3.9 percent. Violence did not serve as a powerful work incentive.
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Lewis, Ronald L., and Keith Dix. "What's a Coal Miner to Do? The Mechanization of Coal Mining." Journal of American History 76, no. 4 (March 1990): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2936686.
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Kudelová, Monika. "The Life and Work of Miners: Didactic Approaches of Three Mining Places of Memory in Education." Muzeum Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 55, no. 1 (2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmvp-2017-0022.
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The aim of this paper is to present the diversity of teaching approaches and presentations of the gripping educational history of mining using the example of three geographically and institutionally distinct memory locations: i.e. the national monument Michal Mine in Ostrava Michálkovice, the Mine and Museum in Nowa Ruda and the Penzberg Museum in Bavaria, which connects cultural and historical concepts and which is focused on the person, i.e. the miner and his daily work. The individual medallions include summaries of the historical development of the former coal mines, i.e. Michal, Ruben (Nowa Ruda) and Penzberg, a description of industrial monuments for the public or building amining museum and analytical description of educational programmes for school children, with emphasis on the method and didactic media utilised. The conclusion is formulated in the form of a summative comparison of the various components of teaching, based on generally-educational or museum-pedagogical categorisation.
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Rybnikova, L. S., P. A. Rybnikov, A. Yu Smirnov, I. V. Galitskaya, G. I. Batrak, O. V. Lysenko, and V. S. Ponomarev. "FORMATION OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CHELYABINSK COAL BASIN AT THE POST-OPERATIONAL STAGE." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869780923020078.
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Completion of the development of mineral deposits requires the development of new methods for managing areas disturbed by mining. The closure of mining facilities, especially those with a long history of mining forms a difficult environmental situation. This is determined by several factors. The development of deposits is accompanied by drainage measures changing the balance and structure of surface and groundwater flows, and new chemical agents are involved in the formation of the qualitative composition of the hydrosphere. The use of mined-out space during the development of schemes with roof collapse induces geomechanical processes forming the zones of collapse and displacement accompanied by disturbances of the Earth’s surface. The cessation of mine operation means the stop of drainage, which leads to the gradual filling of the depression funnel, the formation of flooding areas and mine water outlets to the surface. Unstable rocks in the quarry sides, on which there were landslides even during drainage, become especially dangerous areas when the water level rises. Taking in consideration that residential and industrial buildings are often historically located in close proximity to mines (sometimes even within the mining allotment), the hydrogeoecological problems of old industrial areas at the post-operational stage become very acute. At the same time, in many cases it is difficult to determine, which factors, natural (features of the geological structure, geomorphological conditions, water content of the period) or technogenic (cessation of drainage) are responsible for territory flooding, especially in the areas distant from the objects of completed mining. This gives rise to numerous speculations and leads to irrational technical solutions. By the example of the Chelyabinsk coal basin, the ecological and hydrogeological problems are considered that arise after mining completion and drainage termination. The measures for reducing their negative impact on the hydrogeoecological conditions of the territory are proposed.
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Sandberg, Lars G., and Keith Dix. "What's a Coal Miner to Do? The Mechanization of Coal Mining." Technology and Culture 31, no. 1 (January 1990): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105782.
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Gitelman, H. M., and Keith Dix. "What's a Coal Miner to Do? The Mechanization of Coal Mining." American Historical Review 95, no. 4 (October 1990): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2163692.
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Zapolskih, Evgeniya V., and Ivan A. Podyukov. "THE NAMES OF DEPOSITS AND MINES IN PERM KRAI: HISTORY, REGIONAL SPECIFICS." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 3 (2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-3-19-29.
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The article deals with industrial toponymy of the Perm region – the historical and modern names of deposits and mines of natural resources (coal, iron, copper, oil). This group of toponyms of the anthropogenic landscape is described thematically, studied in terms of its origin, and characterized as a carrier of historical and cultural information about the region’s economic development. In the description provided, the names are grouped according to the object of nomination – the older names of the deposits of coal, copper and iron and the relatively recent names of the gas and oil fields. Within these groups, we study historical and recent names, which are grouped according to the geography of distribution, trace their origin, associated with the development of the mining industry of the region. We have established that the dominant role in the formation of the names of the deposits belongs to metonymy, with the help of which the correspondence between the objects of space is indicated by means of association by contiguity. The paper describes the groups of toponyms that perform identificatory, localizing, and memorial functions (with the last one being aimed at commemorating significant events, discoverers and outstanding people). The function most important for industrial toponymy is the nominative functions itself. In a number of cases, the studied names are considered to be a reflection of mental ideas about the division of geological space by a person. It is concluded that that the names of the deposits reflect the main stages of the region’s economic development and are of certain interest for the study of the historical, cultural and linguistic specifics of the region. In order to obtain cultural information on these names, it is important to take into account their close relationship with hydronyms, oikonyms, as well as with anthroponymic names (names, surnames, nicknames).
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Fan, Xiang, Yongze Song, Chuxin Zhu, Heiko Balzter, and Zhongke Bai. "Estimating Ecological Responses to Climatic Variability on Reclaimed and Unmined Lands Using Enhanced Vegetation Index." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061100.
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Climatic impact on re-established ecosystems at reclaimed mined lands may have changed. However, little knowledge is available about the difference in vegetation–climate relationships between reclaimed and unmined lands. In this study, ecological responses to climatic variability on reclaimed and neighbouring unmined lands were estimated using remote-sensing data at the Pingshuo Mega coal mine, one of the largest coal mines with long-term reclamation history in China. Time-series MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data and meteorological data from 1997 to 2017 were collected. Results show significantly different vegetation–climate relationships between reclaimed and unmined lands. First, the accumulation periods of all climatic variables were much longer on reclaimed mining lands. Second, vegetation on reclaimed lands responded to variabilities in temperature, rainfall, air humidity, and wind speed, while undisturbed vegetation only responded to variabilities of temperature and air humidity. Third, climatic variability made a much higher contribution to EVI variation on reclaimed land (20.0–46.5%) than on unmined land (0.7–1.7%). These differences were primarily caused by limited ecosystem resilience, and changed site hydrology and microclimate on reclaimed land. Thus, this study demonstrates that the legacy effects of surface mining can critically change on-site vegetation–climate relationships, which impacts the structure, functions, and stability of reclaimed ecosystems. Vegetation–climate relationships of reclaimed ecosystems deserve further research, and remote-sensing vegetation data are an effective source for relevant studies.
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Ackers, Peter. "Colliery Deputies in the British Coal Industry Before Nationalization." International Review of Social History 39, no. 3 (December 1994): 383–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900011274x.
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SummaryThis article challenges the militant and industrial unionist version of British coal mining trade union history, surrounding the Miners' Federation of Great Britain and the National Union of Mineworkers, by considering, for the first time, the case of the colliery deputies' trade union. Their national Federation was formed in 1910, and aimed to represent the three branches of coal mining supervisory management: the deputy (or fireman, or examiner), overman and shotfirer. First, the article discusses the treatment of moderate and craft traditions in British coal mining historiography. Second, it shows how the position of deputy was defined by changes in the underground labour process and the legal regulation of the industry. Third, it traces the history of deputies' union organization up until nationalization in 1947, and the formation of the National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers (NACODS). The article concludes that the deputies represent a mainstream tradition of craft/professional identity and industrial moderation, in both the coal industry and the wider labour movement.
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Sokolova, Svetlana. "Spot the Miner." Poljarnyj vestnik 25, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.6581.
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Coal mining is an industry that is associated with hard physical labor and harsh mental conditions. Modern artistic projects involving portraits of miners evolve as artists' responses to political and economic changes in the mining industry, which is currently in decline, and place a major focus on miner communities, rather than individual miners. This article presents an overview of relevant selected artistic projects, and supplements them with a small mini-gallery sketched by the author. The mini-gallery viewers have been invited to test their perception of miners based on a series of charcoal portraits representing men and women dressed in mining workwear and everyday clothes. Who in this mini-gallery is a miner, what serves as the basis for the respondents' guesswork, and, overall, how different is today’s perception of miners from those of the past centuries? Three main factors are outlined as potentially relevant for identifying miners: mining workwear, gender, and facial expression. The readers can compare their intuitive reactions with the results from an online experiment, which was presented in Norwegian, Russian, and English and collected 136 responses. Although the presence of mining workwear and male gender still carry a strong association with miners, the results reveal certain differences across Norway, Russia, and the United States. The article is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of art history, social studies and psychology with an artistic project.
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Kravtsova, L. A. "THEMATIC SOUVENIR AS A MUSEUM OBJECT AND A MEANS OF REPRESENTING THE HISTORY OF MINING SCIENCE IN THE EXPOSITION AND EXHIBITION CENTER OF THE INSTITUTE OF COAL." Topical Issues of Culture, Art, Education 39, no. 1 (2024): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32340/2949-2912-2024-1-32-39.
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Modern socio-economic and political transformations have an impact on sociocultural processes,including the actualization of cultural values, traditions and social experience of professional communities. Kemerovo Oblast – Kuzbass is historically identified as a mining region. The professional community of miners finds various forms of fulfilling the needs of their cultural representation, in particular through the creation of souvenirs. The experience of the Institute of Coal shows that the thematic collection of souvenirs in the museum interpretation is a means of documenting the history of mining science, self-identification of coal scientists and updating the scientific component of the heritage of the coal industry.
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Torres Rey, Carlos Humberto, Milciades Ibañez Pinilla, Leonardo Briceño Ayala, Diana Milena Checa Guerrero, Gloria Morgan Torres, Helena Groot de Restrepo, and Marcela Varona Uribe. "Underground Coal Mining: Relationship between Coal Dust Levels and Pneumoconiosis, in Two Regions of Colombia, 2014." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/647878.
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In Colombia, coal miner pneumoconiosis is considered a public health problem due to its irreversibility, high cost on diagnosis, and lack of data related to its prevalence in the country. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in underground coal mining workers in two regions of Colombia. The results showed a 35.9% prevalence of pneumoconiosis in the study group (42.3% in region 1 and 29.9% in region 2). An association was found between a radiologic diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and a medium risk level of exposure to carbon dust (OR: 2.901, 95% CI: 0.937, 8.982), medium size companies (OR: 2.301, 95% CI: 1.260–4.201), length of mining work greater than 25 years (OR: 3.222, 95% CI: 1.806–5.748), and a history of smoking for more than one year (OR: 1.479, 95% CI: 0.938–2.334). These results establish the need to generate an intervention strategy aimed at preventing the identified factors, as well as a timely identification and effective treatment of pneumoconiosis in coal miners, in which the commitment of the General Health and Social Security System and the workers compensation system is ensured.
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Sebola, Mokoko P. "Land claims in South Africa: Uniqueness, historical distortions and injustices on the copper miners of Musina." New Contree 85 (December 30, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v85i0.33.
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This article argues that the case of the land claim by the descendants of the Copper Miners of Musina (the Musina clan) presents a unique case of historical distortions and injustice of land and mineral resources ownership by a South African black community. Land claims in South Africa have become widespread since the advent of the country’s democracy. With the land reform programmes in South Africa, some communities have been able to lay their hands on lost land that was forcefully taken from the locals under apartheid. The achievement with regards to reparation in South Africa has seen some claims being successfully processed. However, there are some beneficiaries who undeservedly possess land through undetected fraudulent claims. When such exists; deserving claimants like the Musina clan remain landless because of historical distortions and failure by the current regime to restore justice. This article is conceptual and it uses literature analysis approach to argue that archeologists and ethnologists deliberately ignored the historical studies on the copper miners of Musina in order to hide the truth about the discovery of copper mining in Messina. There are writings making incorrect assumptions regarding how Lieutenant Colonel Pascoe Grenfell, James Harper and James Campbell in 1903 discovered coal in mines deserted by the natives in order to ascribe the discovery to the white community in Messina. The author argues that there were no disserted mines in Messina when Lieutenant Colonel Grenfell arrived in Messina in 1903, instead what he did was to register the company and obtain a discoverers certificate, introduce new technology of mining and expropriate the mine from the Musina clan without compensation. It is suggested that new avenues regarding such history be fully researched towards gaining a more comprehensive view of the role and impact of the Musina clan.
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McKay, Ian, and Keith Dix. "What's a Coal Miner to Do? The Mechanization of Coal Mining." Labour / Le Travail 26 (1990): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143442.
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McCulloch, J. "Miners' Lung: A History of Dust Diseases in British Coal Mining." Social History of Medicine 20, no. 3 (October 9, 2007): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkm085.
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Mikheev, Mikhail V., and Oleg V. Baev. "On the History of the Ural-Kuzbass: A Report from the Kuznetsk Coal and Metallurgical Joint-Stock Company to the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the RSFSR." Historical Geography Journal 1, no. 2 (2022): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58529/2782-6511-2022-1-2-122-137.
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The publication introduces into scientific circulation the report of the Kuznetsk Coal and Metallurgical Joint-Stock Company, sent to the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the RSFSR on May 18, 1918, as well as the note attached to it on the activities of the Company on the territory of the Kuznetsk coal basin in 1912–1917. On the eve of the First World War, the company began to develop coal in the Altai mining district. By the beginning of the revolutionary events, the Society managed to outline the prospects for creating a huge complex of coal and metallurgical production, which included smelting of the iron ores of the Telbes mine on the coking coals of the Kolchuginsky and Kemerovo mines. The Company actively carried out the construction of railways to solve these problems. The Board of the Company did not stop its work even after the October Revolution. In the spring of 1918, after the German occupation of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog coal and metallurgical region, which dominated Russia, the activities of the Company turned out to be in demand by the state. It was not nationalized and even received government loans in 1918 to continue its activities. In the conditions of the industrial crisis, the Soviet government considered projects for the reorganization of the territorial distribution of productive forces in the Asian part of Russia similar to the plans of the Society. By the end of the 1920s, these projects evolved into the Ural-Kuzbass project. Publishing document is of interest to specialists in the history of business, the Soviet and late imperial economy, and the civil war as well.
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Koroleva, Alina. "Charitable Activities of the Spanish Mining Holding HUNOSA for the Preservation of Industrial Heritage in the Context of Decarbonization." ISTORIYA 14, no. 5 (127) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026865-0.
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Charitable activities of mining companies undertaken out of commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are aimed at creating a favourable environment in the regions of operational presence. Mining companies mainly support the areas which are directly related to their core business or influence the life of local communities. The caste-based nature of mining as a profession has evolved over the centuries, as it combines hard physical labour and adverse working conditions. The mining labour union was the main social and political pillar of Asturias throughout the 20th century, while working class history largely accounted for the history of the region. The industry crisis of 1966 led the miners to submit a request to the government for nationalisation of their companies, as they sustained irreparable economic losses. As a response to their request, National Institute of Industry (INI) integrated into the coal sector, and in 1967 the mining company HUNOSA (Hulleras del Norte S. A.) was founded. After the democractic transition the mining labour movement maintained its social, political and cultural hegemony; however, industrial decline and decarbonisation undermined these foundations, no matter how deep-rooted they were. By the end of the 20th century the Asturian coal industry was faced with another phase of crisis. While the first blow came in the 1970s with the end of protectionist energy policies, the second one had to do with the inability to adapt to the conditions of the world market. In the 1990s Asturias faced a rapid population loss as well as rising unemployment. At the same time, general Western European trend of phasing out coal-fired power in line with the Paris Agreement of 2015 brought about a grave crisis of the coal industry. HUNOSA, the only monopolist on the Spanish coal market, is responsible for implementing a fair “coal transition”. The mining tradition that was passed down through generations and seemed immutable has come to an end. One of the responses of former miners to the dissolution of the industry is to become actively involved in the protection and promotion of the mining heritage. It manifests both a nostalgic yearning for the past and a willingness to preserve and pass on the memory of it to future generations.
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Steenblik, Ronald P., and Mark Mateo. "Western Europe's Long Retreat from Coal and Implications for Energy Trade." World Trade Review 19, S1 (July 2020): s98—s119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745620000269.
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AbstractWestern Europe's industrialization was powered largely by coal. Within 15 years after the end of the Second World War, however, governments were subsidizing coal and protecting producers from foreign competition while allowing their industries to contract in a way that avoided large-scale unemployment of miners. The oil-price shocks of 1973–1974 and 1979–1980 gave temporary reprieve to hard-coal production until international oil prices slumped in 1986. This event, combined with ever more stringent environmental regulations and, later, caps on carbon-dioxide emissions, led to the disappearance of subsidized coal mining in one country after another. As of the end of 2019, hard coal was still being mined – in small amounts – in only three Western European countries: Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom. This paper describes the history of the industry from 1945 through to the present, and the consequences of subsidy policy for trade in hard coal and its substitutes. A common observation is that a reduction in subsidized coal production by a country has not necessarily translated into increased imports of coal on a one-for-one basis.
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Du, Zhen, Li Feng, Haiheng Wang, Ying Dong, Da Luo, Xu Zhang, Hao Liu, and Maosheng Zhang. "Identification of Ground Deformation Patterns in Coal Mining Areas via Rapid Topographical Analysis." Land 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061221.
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Coal mining inevitably brings some negative impacts, such as surface subsidence, aquifer breakage, and land degradation, to the eco-geological environment in the mining area. Among these impacts, coal mining-induced ground deformation is the most serious and has threatened the geological, ecological, and human settlement securities of mining areas. Efforts existing in the literature apply to ground deformation identification in mined-out areas at the meso-/micro and short-time scales. However, when looking back at coal mining history, there are few ways to quickly and accurately quantify ground deformation at the regional and long-time scales. In this context, we propose a method for identifying ground deformation patterns in coal mining areas using historical high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs), including data preprocessing, DEM subtraction operations, interpretation, and fitting correction. This method was applied to the Yulin National Energy and Chemical Base and successfully identified the ground deformation characteristics of the Yulin coal mining area from 2015 to 2019. By determining surface subsidence displacement, excavation depth, stacking height, and the position of the goaf suspended roof area, the objective situation of ground deformation in Yulin mining area was obtained, and the mining methods and distribution characteristics of different surface deformations were analyzed and determined. The research results are of great significance for the development of mineral resources in mining areas, reducing geological disaster risks, protecting the ecological environment, and achieving the goal of coordinated development in mining areas.
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Sandberg, Lars G. "What’s a Coal Miner to Do? The Mechanization of Coal Mining by Keith Dix." Technology and Culture 31, no. 1 (January 1990): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.1990.0117.
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Bluma, Lars. "The History of Medicine Meets Labour History: Miners’ Bodies in the Age of Industrialization." German History 37, no. 3 (June 18, 2019): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz040.
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Abstract This article presents a survey of new approaches in German labour history that deal with the history of the body. It argues that Foucault’s conceptual and historical understanding of biopolitics enables a profound rearticulation of the history of industrial work and the process of industrialization. The article addresses, however, not only the possibilities of biopolitics but also its limitations for a reconceptualization of labour history. The methodical and theoretical discussion is linked to concrete research into the body history of German coal mining in the Ruhr.
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Feofanov, Andrey, and Yuliia Strielnyk. "ABANDONED MINE WORKINGS AS A GEOECOLOGICAL FACTOR OF COAL MINING IN DONETS BASIN." SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF DONNTU Series: “The Mining and Geology”, no. 1(29)2023 (2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-9575-2023-1(29)-39-48.
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Purpose. The purpose of the work was to present the degree of influence on the geoecological situation in the Donbas of abandoned mine workings that have been preserved at the outcrops of coal seams, and the currently existing methods for assessing this influence based on studies to establish patterns of deformation of the rock mass and the earth’s surface in the zone of influence of such workings. Methodology. The work uses archival materials from the history of the development of the Donbas coal industry and the results of analytical studies of this problem over the past twenty years. Results. According to the results of the research, a number of features and patterns of deformation of the rock mass and the earth’s surface in the zone of influence of abandoned mine workings have been established/ Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in establishing the causes, conditions and patterns of deformation of the rock mass over abandoned mine workings at shallow depths and in creating a fundamentally new approach to assessing the degree of danger to the earth’s surface of abandoned mine workings. Practical significance. It is possible to use the results of the conducted studies and established patterns to assess the degree of danger of such workings for the earth’s surface in the zone of their influence, as well as to develop an appropriate methodology for their assessment. Key words: active undermining, liquidation of coal mines, abandoned mine workings, mining damage, local subsidence, research results, assessment of cavity-making.
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Ribnikov, P. A., L. S. Ribnikova, N. G. Maksimovich, and A. D. Demenev. "Hydrogeology of the Kizel coal basin (Western Urals, Russia) in post-mining stage: the main problems and ways of their solution." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 3-1 (March 20, 2020): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-31-0-475-487.
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Coal mining in the Kizel coal basin was accompanied by intensive mine drainage, drainage of both coal strata and hydraulically associated rock aquifers, the formation of extensive depression craters in the areas of worked mines, the movement of large masses of rocks, the formation of sinkholes over the worked space. These processes have led to significant changes in the filtration characteristics of aquifers and groundwater supply conditions compared to natural conditions. After the dewatering was stopped, 19 outflows of acid mine waters were formed, which are a source of pollution of the hydrosphere. To select engineering measures aimed at improving the environmental situation, it was necessary to assess the balance components involved in the formation of these outflows. The necessary accuracy of the forecast in assessing the balance components of water involved in the formation of outflows both at the present time and in the implementation of engineering measures can be achieved by reproducing the methods of mathematical (geofiltration) modeling of the hydrodynamic history of mining. Groundwater in the Kizel coal basin is formed within several relatively isolated basins of underground catchments. To determine the external boundaries of the models, an approach based on the analysis of the geological, tectonic structure of the territory, filtration properties of rocks, taking into account the geomorphological position of the basin, was used to ensure the correct interface of the boundaries of local models. On the basis of the analysis of long-term data of regime observations at working out of coal mines, generalization of geological and hydrogeological information the substantiation of basic parameters of 8 geofiltration models is executed, external and internal boundary conditions are defined, stratification of each of models is carried out. The value of the infiltration feed for the territory under consideration was taken on the basis of estimates made in different years in the study of the natural regime of groundwater, in the operation of the mine drainage and the analysis of the outflow costs after flooding. The effectiveness of engineering measures was evaluated by analyzing the changes in the balance components of water involved in the formation of spills at the present time and in the implementation of measures, which were considered as plugging wells and mine shafts, the device of bridges in mine workings, injection of reagent into the underground space, removal of surface runoff, pumping groundwater upstream.
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Yulfiswandi, Yulfiswandi, Yudhistira Yudhistira, Irvan Kurniawan, M. Aidil Basri, and Miftahul Jannah. "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Pertambangan Batu Bara Pada Laporan Tahun Buku 2019-2022 Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Studi Kasus: PT. Bukit Asam Tbk, PT. Indika Energy Tbk, Dan PT Golden Energy Mines Tbk)." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 7, no. 1 (November 24, 2023): 2611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i1.8237.
Full textAbstract:
The purposeoof thisoresearch is to determineohow corporate socialoresponsibility (CSR) significantly affects the financialoperformance of coalomining companiesolisted on the IndonesiaiStock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. PT. BukitoAsam Tbk, PT. Indika Energy Tbk, and PT GoldenoEnergy Mines Tbk have provided data for this research. This study adopts a quantitative approach. The Indonesian Stock Exchange gallery serves as the data source for this research. Secondary data obtained from the companies' annualoreports are utilized. Data collection and documentation methods can be found on the Indonesian Stock Exchange website (https://idx.co.id/en). The research indicates that corporateosocial responsibilityodoes not significantly impact the financialoperformance of the companies. In other words, corporate social responsibility does not influence Return onoAssets (ROA) or Return onoEquity (ROE).
Keywords: Financial Performance, ROA, ROE, Mining, Coal
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Yarrow, Michael, and Keith Dix. "What's a Coal Miner to Do? The Mechanization of Coal Mining: Pittsburg Series in Social and Labor History." Journal of Southern History 56, no. 4 (November 1990): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2210973.
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