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Journal articles on the topic 'Coal-tar'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Jackson, Edward M. "Coal Tar." Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 15, no. 4 (January 1996): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569529609042729.

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2

Wang, Fang, Jun Li Zhang, Ying Chen, Qing Ming Luo, and Yong Li Hao. "Current Status of Comprehensive Use and Management Recommendations of Coal Tar in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.82.

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Based on dry distillation temperature and properties, coal tar can be divided into high temperature coal tar and medium & low temperature coal tar. This paper introduces current status of generation and comprehensive use of high temperature coal tar and medium & low temperature coal tar in China, analyzes poor practice and management problems in the process of comprehensive use of coal tar, and puts forward countermeasures and recommendations for comprehensive use of coal tar in China.
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3

Reddy, Konda Sireesha, and Ravi Kumar Chittoria. "Coal Tar Burns: Our Experience." New Indian Journal of Surgery 11, no. 1 (2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.11120.4.

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4

Zhang, Jun Xia. "Review of Coal Tar Preparation and Processing Technology." Advanced Materials Research 619 (December 2012): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.619.286.

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To generate coal tar with coal is the key technology of coal chemical industry, the generated coal tar is one of the important industry fuel and chemistry raw materials, and more attentions were attracted in coal tar preparation and processing technologies in recent years. Therefore, review of the updated technologies is developed at the present work. As for coal tar preparation technology, coal carbonization processing and coal hydropyrolysis are mature and has been applied to industry production. In comparison, hydrogenation of coal tar is just at the development. In term of coal tar processing technology, the present leading directions are how to manufacture clean fuel as well as phenol. Based on the status of coal tar preparation and processing technology, resources recycling use isn’t enough, consumptions of per ton coal is higher, environmental pollution is serious, and deep processing technology of coal tar needs to be raised.
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5

Geng, Ceng Ceng, Shu Yuan Li, Shao Hua Liu, Ji Li Hou, and Wen Zhi Shang. "Flash Pyrolysis of Coal with Solid Heat Carrier in a Fluidized Bed." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1153.

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Flash pyrolysis of Shenmu coal with solid heat carrier was carried out in a fluidized bed using semi-coke as the solid heat carrier and nitrogen as the carrier gas. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, reaction time and mass ratio of heat carrier to coal on the yields of products were studied. It is found that the best operating conditions involving pyrolysis temperature 550°C, reaction time 6 min and mass ratio of heat carrier to coal 2. The properties of coal tar from fluidized bed, such as density, viscosity, freezing point, carbon residue and hydrogen carbon atom ratio, are almost higher than that of the above water coal tar and lower than that of the below water coal tar, while the above and below water coal tar obtained from Sanjiang squared retort. The results of simulation distillation show that gasoline and diesel fractions of coal tar from fluidized bed are higher than that of below water coal tar and lower than that of above water coal tar, while the heavy oil fraction is opposed.
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6

Chen, Bo, Bo Liu, and Zhangming Shi. "Combustion Characteristics and Combustion Kinetics of Dry Distillation Coal and Pine Tar." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8888556.

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The samples of dry distillation pine tar and coal tar were investigated by TG-DTG-DSC, and the combustion characteristics and combustion kinetics of the samples were studied. The results show that there exist two significant mass loss peak and endothermic peak in the combustion of dry distillation coal tar and pine tar, which, respectively, means the volatile hydrocarbon combustion and heavy hydrocarbon combustion. At the first DTG peak range, the activation energy of dry distillation pine tar and coal tar is about the same at the initial stage (before DTG peak). Activation energy of the dry distillation pine tar increases sharply while that of dry distillation coal tar has little changes on the subsequent stage (after DTG peak). Dry distillated coal tar has better ignition performance, combustible characteristic, combustible stability, and integrated combustion characteristic, but difficult to burnout compared to the dry distillation pine tar.
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7

Imangazy, A. M. "OBTAINING MESOPHASE PITCHES FROM COAL TAR." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 74, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.24.

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This article presents the results of research on mesophase pitch production from coal tar. The preparation of mesophase pitch was carried out by heat treatment in an argon atmosphere at temperatures of 300, 350, and 400 °C. The resulting carbon pitches were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis. An increase in the degree of surface degradation and the number of mesophase centers per unit area was observed with an increase in the treatment temperature to 300 °C. At 350 °C, a transition from an isotropic to an anisotropic structure was observed, where the mesophase centers were about 2 μm in size. A similar anisotropic structure was observed for a sample of coal tar obtained at 400 °C, and in some areas, a layered structure was observed, which could be associated with an increase in the graphitization degree of the samples. The particle size of the mesophase increases to 3.5-5 microns. The results of energy dispersive analysis showed that an increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the sulfur content. At 400 °C, sulfur is completely removed from the coal tar pitch composition. A correlation between the heat treatment temperature and the structure of the obtained pitch was established.
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8

Golovashov, I. A., D. I. Alekseev, and A. V. Shvaleva. "Electric dehydration of coal tar – a by-product of coke production for blast furnace smelting." iPolytech Journal 28, no. 2 (July 4, 2024): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2024-2-360-370.

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The aim of the study was to adapt the technology of electric dehydration of oil for use with coal tar (a by-product of coke production for blast furnace smelting) in order to remove ash (tar decanter sludge) and water. The research focuses on coal tar generated in coke ovens, which forms a colloidal system with water and ash. The method of electric dehydration was employed in the study, which is currently used to remove water from the oil–water colloidal system. The construction of the 2-EG-160-2 electric dehydrator was examined, along with the specifics of introducing coal tar into it in comparison to oil. It was demonstrated that, under the proposed operational conditions for the electric dehydrator, the coal tar and tar decanter sludge would settle at the bottom of the unit due to their higher density than that of water (the density of coal tar is approximately 1200 kg/m3 and higher). A scheme for integrating the electric dehydrator into the de-ashing process at a coke-chemical plant was proposed. The process of separating coal tar in the electric dehydrator was calculated. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of the equipment in the dehydration of coal tar, in comparison to oil, is considerably lower due to its higher density and viscosity (approximately 40 times higher at 80°C). Consequently, the performance of the electric dehydrator for coal tar would be approximately 40,000 tons, as opposed to approximately 1 million tons for oil. Nevertheless, the aforementioned performance per electric dehydrator is sufficient to meet the dehydration needs of AO “Ural Steel” for coal tar. Therefore, it is recommended that the electric dehydrator be integrated into the general coal tar dehydration scheme in order to ensure that the required quality standards for the tar are met, allowing it to be used and sold as a target product.
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9

van Schooten, Frederik-Jan, and Roger Godschalk. "Coal Tar Therapy." Drug Safety 15, no. 6 (December 1996): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199615060-00002.

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10

&NA;. "Coal tar therapy." Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 9, no. 11 (June 1997): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00042310-199709110-00005.

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11

Cunningham, A. C. "COAL-TAR PAINT." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 18, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1906.tb05795.x.

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12

Geigy, J. R. "COAL-TAR COLOURS." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 6, no. 2 (October 22, 2008): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1890.tb02250.x.

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13

Cherkasova, T. G., A. V. Nevedrov, and A. V. Papin. "COAL TAR PITCH FROM ATMOSPHERIC-VACUUM DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR." Ugol', no. 04 (April 8, 2024): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18796/0041-5790-2024-4-27-30.

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14

Zhou, Jian Shi, Xian Yong Wei, You Quan Dou, Gui Zhen Gong, Peng Li, Xiao Ming Yue, Bo Chen, Fang Wu Wang, Chao Hui Feng, and Zhi Min Zong. "Solvent Cutting to Make Superior Coal Tar Pitches." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1296.

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Using solvents extraction separation system of self-designed make superior coal tar pitches for carbon materials. In proper order choose petroleum ether, methanol and carbon disulfide to cut coal tar into several fractions under different condition. The first solvent can take light components out from coal tar. Then drag out those chemical that contain heteroatom such as nitrogen, sulfide applying the second solvent. The last is to dig out higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from coal tar deeply. Heavy fractions are vacuumed to drive out any solvents. The superior chirpy coal tar pitches for carbon materials acquired.
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15

Wang, Yan Mei. "The Impact of Coal Tar Yield and Properties Research." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.486.

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coal pyrolysis and pyrolysis products deep processing is an effective way to achieve efficient use of clean coal , has important theoretical and strategic significance. Through the analysis of the nature of the low-temperature coal tar , coal pyrolysis mechanism from starting , discusses the improved yields five factors of coal tar and coal tar is proposed to improve the yield of several process conditions.
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16

He, Xuan Ming, Ye Pan, Wei Li, Jia Qi Fang, and Xiao Juan Wang. "Study on Low Temperature Co-Carbonization of Coal and Algae." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.919.

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Co-carbonization characteristics of long flame coal mixed with algae in different proportions were studied in a dry distillation equipment, and focusing on the coal tar of the product with GC-MS and FT-IR in order to investigate the changes in coal tar, The results show that the tar yield increases with the increasing of algae added, the light oil components of co-carbonized coal tar (with the optimal proportion 20:10 ) compared with conventional coal tar increased 29.55% while naphthalene content increased 9.15% and phenol content increased 23.93%. The algae sample played a role in hydrogen donating and the reactions involved opening-ring reaction, alkyl aromatic side chain reaction and condensation reaction, etc.
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17

Ma, Yu Hui, Wei Su, Qun Hui Wang, Chun Yan Shao, Xiang Guo Huang, and Jin Yuan. "Discharge and Disposal of Coking Residue and Distribution Characteristics of PAHs in it." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.448.

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The research studied the treatment ways of discharging coking residues and the distribution characteristics of PAHs in two kinds of typical coking residues. The outputs of coal tar (100,000t/a for Plant A, 84,000t/a for Plant B) were great and it had become an important by-product. Coal tar residue, with the yields of 4,500 t/a and 6,400 t/a for Plant A and B, respectively, were always reused for coal blending. The concentration of PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings was 1.08×104 mg/kg in coal tar residue, the concentration of PAHs in coke discharging smoke & dust (28.81 mg/kg) was relatively low compared with coal tar residue. The ∑BaPeq were 4.2×103 mg/kg and 0.71 mg/kg for coal tar residue and coke discharging smoke & dust, respectively.
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18

Cui, Xin Tao, Yong Fa Zhang, Dong Liu Dong, and Yu Qiong Zhao. "GC-MS Analyzing of Coal Tar of Lignite Briquette from Low Temperature Pyrolysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.591.

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Distillation and GC-MS were employed to analysis the coal tar of low-temperature pyrolysis of lignite briquette by contrasting with standards: the fraction below 340°C in the tar distillates of brown coal tar accounted for 83.30% and the other greater than 340°C is pitch accounted for 16.32%. 34.00% of coal tar are hydrocarbons which are mainly consisted of fat aliphatic hydrocarbon and include few alkene and cycloparaffins. The content of phenolic compounds in coal tar, mainly comes from the fraction below 210°C, is 11.68%. 16.86% of coal tar is aromatic compounds which are mainly composed of substitutive derivative of polyalkylbenzene distributing in all kinds of fractions; and a small amount of aromatic compounds which is concentrated in the fraction below 300°C. The content of oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing and heterocyclic compounds is 4.47%, 0.57%, 2.11%, respectively.
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19

Xu, Ziang, Guiying Xu, Beibei Han, Kun Wang, Hui Ge, Baigang An, Dongying Ju, Maorong Chai, Lixiang Li, and Weimin Zhou. "Fabrication and Sterilization Characteristics of Visible Light Photocatalyst of CuO/ZrO2/CB/Coal-Tar-Pitch-SAC." Coatings 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070816.

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To provide an effective method of green aquaculture, the photocatalysts of CuO/ZrO2/CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC, which have visible light sterilization capacity, were successfully fabricated by coating ZrO2 and CuO on the surface of CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC. The structures of synthesized CuO/ZrO2/CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC were investigated by XRD, XPS and SEM measurements in detail. It was observed that CuO/ZrO2/CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC materials possess obvious heterojunction structure and excellent visible light sterilization capacity when the prepared weight ratio of CuO, ZrO2 and CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC is controlled as 0.03:0.3:1. Our studies can provide a beneficial reference for the design of photocatalysts with sterilization capacity in visible light.
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20

Ardhyarini, Novie, Daliya Indra Setiawan, and Syntha Nardey. "PENGARUH TEKANAN REAKTOR PADA PENGHIDRORENGKAHAN TAR BATUBARA." Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 15, no. 2 (December 10, 2013): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v15i2.111.

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Coal gasificationproduce tar as aside-product. Coal tar is a complexmixture, and consists of various functionalgroups mainly polyaromatic compounds.Due to its chemical composition, coal taris categorized as hazardous material. Thephysical and chemical properties of coaltar is similar to crude oil, but it has higherpolyaromatics and impurities. Thoseproblems are the main challenges ofprocessing coal tar into fuel. Therefore, anupgrading process is required This paperdiscussed upgrading coal tar into fuel byhydrocracking in an autoclave reactorusing catalyst of nickel-molybdenum withalumina-silica support. Effect of reactorpressure was observed Hydrocrackingproduct at 450°C and 120bar showed thebest result where the HIC molar ratioincreased 26% and the specijic gravitydecreased 19%. The impurities of sulphurand nitrogen decreased 88,5% and 72%respectively. Hydrocracking productwasdistilled using a simulated distillation bygas chromatography. Based on simulateddistillation analysis, the product could befractionated into 2,2%vol of light end,33.8%vol of naphtha, and 48%vol ofmiddle distillate. These results showed thatcoal tar is potential to be processed intofuel. Furthermore, the utilization of coaltar can be a solution of waste treatment aswell.Keywords :Coal tar, waste, hydro cracking,autoclave reactor, fuel
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21

Mingrui, Liu, Li Zunzhao, and Wang Haibo. "Application of Coal Tar Products and Evaluation of the Stability of Residual Marine Fuels." Нефтехимия 63, no. 5 (December 15, 2023): 760–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0028242123050131.

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Although the quality of coal tar does not meet the demands for blended marine fuel, the properties of its components after processing are improved, and they can be considered as inexpensive blending components. Three types of coal tar products including light coal tar I, light coal tar II, and hydrogenated coal tar have been obtained and used in production of residual marine fuels. To minimize costs, a linear optimization method has been used, and all properties of the resulting products have met the required criteria. In addition, a novel analytical method was used to characterize the fuel stability. The analysis of a hydrocarbon composition and a mechanism of interaction between the resin and asphaltene have shown the main coal tar components affecting fuel oil stability are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and resin. A condensation of PAHs and resin into asphaltene and an increasing complexity of asphaltene structure causes deposition of oil products under heating. Hydrogenation is able to effectively reduce the PAH content and the volume of formation of massive asphaltenes thus preventing fuel flocculation and deposition during aging in fuel tanks.
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22

Yanyun, Chen, Deng Liangguang, Lu Xiao, Zhao Chunyu, and Wei Zhao. "Evaluation of the effect of asphalt deposition inhibitor for crude oil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2430, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2430/1/012022.

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Abstract In this paper, the effect of asphalt deposition inhibitors coal tar, bromohexadecylpyridine and sodium oleate on the viscosity reduction and asphaltene reduction of crude oil was investigated. The results show that coal tar has a better inhibitory effect on asphaltenes in crude oil. The asphaltene reduction effect is the best when the addition amount is 0.5%. Compared with the blank, the asphaltene content is reduced from 24.47% to 9.42%. The cationic surfactant bromohexadecylpyridine and coal tar have a good synergistic effect, and the asphaltene content is reduced by 1.74% compared with the single addition of 0.5% coal tar.
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23

Zhang, Lei, Ruikang Song, Yang Jia, Zhuorui Zou, Ya Chen, and Qi Wang. "Purification of Quinoline Insolubles in Heavy Coal Tar and Preparation of Meso-Carbon Microbeads by Catalytic Polycondensation." Materials 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010143.

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The quinoline-insoluble (QI) matter in coal tar and coal tar pitch is an important factor affecting the properties of subsequent carbon materials. In this paper, catalytic polycondensation was used to remove QI from heavy coal tar, and meso-carbon microbeads could be formed during the purification process. The results showed that AlCl3 had superior catalytic performance to CuCl2, and the content of QI and heavy components, including pitch, in the coal tar was lower after AlCl3 catalytic polycondensation. Under the condition of catalytic polycondensation (AlCl3 0.9 g, temperature 200 °C, and time 9 h), AlCl3 could reduce the QI content in heavy coal tar. The formed small particles could be filtered and removed, and good carbon materials could be obtained under the condition of catalytic polycondensation (AlCl3 0.9 g, temperature 260 °C, and time 3 h).
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24

Telesiński, Arkadiusz, Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka, Krystyna Cybulska, Barbara Pawłowska, Robert Biczak, Marek Śnieg, and Jacek Wróbel. "Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils." Soil Research 57, no. 8 (2019): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19040.

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This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in loamy sand and in sandy loam; and DHAs > POX > CAT > NR > o-DPO in sandy clay loam. The index of soil oxidoreductive activity (IOx) introduced in this study confirms the negative effect of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductase activity in soil. DHAs were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with coal tar creosote. Moreover, the greatest changes in oxidoreductase activities were observed in loamy sand. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the effects of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductive processes may enable development of a method for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.
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25

L.P., Bannikov. "Evaluation of the polarity of coal tar emulsion stabilizers." Journal of Coal Chemistry 5, no. 5 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2022-0-5-15-25.

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Surface properties of emulsion stabilizers based on coal tar are determined by their polarity. Particles of coal matter and solid dispersed substances insoluble in quinoline are considered as stabilizers of emulsions of "water in tar" type. Polarity significantly affects the physicochemical properties of tars, to take into account the degree of hydrophobicity of coal tar, information about the dipole moment of the conditional molecules is necessary. In addition, the value of the dipole moment of coal particles that stabilize the emulsion "water in tar" is of interest. The existing methods for calculating the dipole moment of coal take into account the degree of carbonization of the substance, which does not allow to trace the contribution of the degree of metamorphism and the presence of heteroatoms separately. By regression processing of the data array of dipole moment values of individual aromatic compounds, the dependence on the elemental composition was obtained. The obtained dependence in character and absolute values well characterizes the correlation of the dipole moment of coal with the degree of carbonization. The obtained data make it possible to classify substances insoluble in quinoline as a dispersed component of coal tar with the highest polarity. The greatest surface activity is possessed by those substances that have polar and non-polar groups. Such substances have surface-active properties and act as stabilizers of emulsions "water in tar". Experimentally established a closer exponential relationship between the humidity of the tar and the content of substances insoluble in quinoline. An important role in the stabilization of water particles in the emulsion is played by the concentration of quinoline-insoluble substances in the tar. Its increase may be accompanied by aggregation of quinoline-insoluble particles. Together with the increased viscosity of the dispersion medium, coal tar with a high degree of pyrolysis is quite resistant to separation. Keywords: dipole moment, polarity, regression equation, quinoline insoluble substances, highly pyrolyzed tar. Corresponding author Bannikov Leonid P., e-mail: ukhinbannikov@gmail.com
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26

Zhang, Qiuli, Xiangrong Hui, Long Yan, Min Luo, Wenru Feng, Jun Zhou, and Xinzhe Lan. "Numerical Simulation of the Tar Mist and Dust Movement Process in a Low-Temperature Dry Distillation Furnace." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (March 2, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2356038.

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In the low-temperature dry distillation of low-rank coal, the important liquid product of coal tar is produced, but its quality and utilization rate are degraded by entrained dust. The movement of coal tar and dust in the furnace is a key factor in causing particles such as dust to mix with coal tar. Therefore, the Euler–Lagrangian method is used to simulate the two-phase motion process of gas, tar, and dust in a furnace. By considering the effects of tar particle size, dust particle size, gas velocity, tar density, and dust density, the motion process mechanism is revealed, enabling the dust content in coal tar to be reduced and the quality improved. The results indicate that tar particles with sizes less than 0.20 mm can be removed from the furnace by gas, and the smaller the particle size is, the shorter the time required for removal. Dust particles greater than 0.18 mm in size cannot be completely removed from the furnace. As the gas velocity increases, the time required for complete removal of the tar mist and dust gradually decreases. When the speed is 0.70 m/s, all tar mist is removed, although some particles remain. Tar mist with a density of more than 900 kg/m3 can be extensively removed, but dust with a density of more than 1400 kg/m3 is difficult to remove and remains in the furnace. Finally, particle size distribution experiments in the product were conducted to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation.
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27

Liang, Peng, Jia Feng Wu, Jian Hui Li, Xuan Qu, and Ji Cheng Bi. "The Characteristic Research of Shenmu Coal Pyrolysis by Solid Heat Carrier." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2032–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2032.

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A fixed-bed experimental apparatus with the capacity of 1kg coal was set up for coal pyrolysis by solid heat carrier. Shenmu bituminous coal and quartz sand was used as raw material and solid heat carrier respectively. The effects of initial temperature of solid heat carrier, reaction time and blending ratio on the yield of gas and tar were examined at different conditions. The results showed that tar yield was above 10 wt% when the initial temperature of solid heat carrier more than 800oC, reaction time and blend ratio had lesser influence on gas and tar yield. At the investigated test condition, smaller coal particle leads to an inconspicuous increase on gas and tar yield. The characteristic of gas and tar products was also investigated in this paper.
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28

&NA;. "Is coal tar carcinogenic?" Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 538 (February 1995): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199505380-00002.

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29

R R, Singh, Nitin Goyal, and Navpreet Kaur. "USE of Coal Tar." International Journal of Civil Engineering 2, no. 3 (March 25, 2015): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488352/ijce-v2i3p108.

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30

Schmidt, R. E., and L. Gattermann. "V.-COAL TAR COLOURS." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 13, no. 4 (October 22, 2008): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1897.tb00112.x.

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31

Condé-Salazar, L., D. Guimaraens, L. V. Romero, and M. A. Gonzalez. "Occupational coal tar dermatitis." Contact Dermatitis 16, no. 4 (April 1987): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01436.x.

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32

Šafářová, Marcela, Jaroslav Kusý, and Lukáš Anděl. "Brown coal tar hydrotreatment." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 89, no. 2 (November 2010): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.09.002.

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33

Das, Krishnan G., Jammalamadaka V. Prasad, Rugmini Devi, and Gurubhagavatula K. Viswanadha Rao. "Coal tar nitrogen bases." Fuel 64, no. 1 (January 1985): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90297-2.

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34

Roelofzen, Judith H. J., Katja K. H. Aben, Pieter G. M. van der valk, Jeanette L. M. van houtum, Peter C. M. van de kerkhof, and Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney. "Coal tar in dermatology." Journal of Dermatological Treatment 18, no. 6 (January 2007): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546630701496347.

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35

Ko, Hyo Joon, Chang Uk Park, Hyo Hang Cho, Mi Jung Yoo, Myung-Soo Kim, and Yun-Soo Lim. "Preparation of Coal Tar Pitch as Carbon Fibers Precursor from Coal Tar." Korean Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 5 (May 27, 2013): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2013.23.5.276.

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36

HORITA, Yoshiharu, Taiji OISHI, Hiroshi OKAZAKI, Munekazu NAKAMURA, and Hideo TANJI. "Hydrodenitrogenation of coal tar pitch. Part 2 Characterization of coal tar pitch." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 30, no. 2 (1987): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.30.101.

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37

Cherkasova, T. G., A. V. Nevedrov, and A. V. Papin. "STUDIES OF QUINOLINE-INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES IN COAL TAR AND COAL TAR PITCH." Ugol', no. 06 (June 8, 2024): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18796/0041-5790-2024-6-62-65.

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38

Bannikov, L. P., and N. V. Mukina. "Influence of mineral matter of coal particles on coal tar watering." Journal of Coal Chemistry 2 (2023): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2023-0-2-9-13.

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INFLUENCE OF MINERAL MATTER OF COAL PARTICLES ON COAL TAR WATERING © L.P. Bannikov, PhD in Technіcal Sciences (State Enterprise "Ukrainian State Scientific Research Institute of Coal Chemistry (UKHIN), 7 Vesnina str., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine), N.V. Mukina (PJSC “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”, 1 Ordzhonikidze St., Krivoy Rog, Dnepropetrovsk region, 50095, Ukraine) The mineral part of the coal matter can serve as an important indicator of surface phenomena occurring during separation and preparation for processing of coal tar. Moreover, the analysis of the mineral part of coal tar and pitch during further processing shows that the ratio SiO2/Al2O3 does not change. This makes it possible to determine by the value of the ratio the belonging of the clay component of the mineral part of coking coals to montmorillonite, if the ratio is in the range from 2 to 5,5 (typical case ≈3,3). It is determined that the flotation concentrate yield and selectivity for the coal-montmorillonite system are lower than for the coal-kaolinite system, which is explained in terms of the theory of lyophobic colloid stability. The reasons for the deterioration of flotation due to the presence of bentonite in the mineral part of coal are considered, which is extended to the conditions of formation of coal tar emulsions stabilized by mineral-coal particles. It is shown that the absence of bentonite (montmorillonite) inclusions should be considered a typical case of the composition of the mineral part of coal. The results of determining the composition of the ash isolated from a sample of resin with a high degree of watering showed that in the analyzed case, the high stability of the "water-in-tar" emulsion is due to the presence of bentonite inclusions. To confirm the feasibility of determining the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 ash substances as an indicator of the influence of the mineral part of coal on the surface phenomena occurring in coal tar and its products, the case of atypical deposits during the filtration of coal electrode pitch before the formation of pellets was investigated. The analysis of sediments from the pitch melt revealed that the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio was 2.7-3.2. Keywords: coal matter, mineral part, clay inclusions, montmorillonite, surface phenomena, flotation, stabilization of «water–in–tar» emulsion. Corresponding author Bannikov Leonid P., e-mail: ukhinbannikov@gmail.com
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39

Du, Zhonghua, and Wu Li. "The Catalytic Effect from Alkaline Elements on the Tar-Rich Coal Pyrolysis." Catalysts 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12040376.

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Tar-rich coal has been widely concerned because of its high tar yield. Two kinds of tar-rich coals were studied by Thermogravimetric-Mass spectrometer-Fourier transform infrared (TG-MS-FTIR) to obtain the pyrolysis characteristics. TG-MS-FTIR was used to study the mass loss, gaseous compounds evolution, and functional group information of tar-rich coal during pyrolysis. Mass loss is mainly caused by water release and macromolecular decomposition. The results showed that there were two stages of mass loss in the pyrolysis process. In addition, the gas release signal detected by mass spectrometry is consistent with the functional group information detected by FTIR. The main gaseous products include H2, H2O, CO, CO2, and CH4. In addition, the effect of ash content on the pyrolysis of oil-rich coal and the catalytic effect of internal minerals on coal pyrolysis are also discussed, and the thermal pyrolysis characteristics of coke-rich oil coal are put forward. The results provide a new idea for the study of pyrolysis characteristics of tar-rich coal.
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40

Liu, Zhi Gang, Jing Jing Xu, Yan Lan Qin, Ju Sheng Zhang, and Qian Lan Rao. "Epoxy Modified with TDI to Cure Active Hydrogen Groups: Synthesis and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 531 (June 2012): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.511.

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Study on isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared by the reaction of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with the hydroxy of epoxy resin. By the characteristics that isocyanate-group reacts with active hydrogen groups easily, the prepolymer could be as a curing agent for substance with active hydrogen groups like coal tar. IR spectra showed that the modification was achieved by cross-linking the hydroxy of epoxy resin and the isocyanate of TDI, but epoxy group had no change. In self-made coal tar coatings, the remaining isocyanate-groups played a curing agent role linking coal tar and epoxy resin. Tafel test showed the films with prepolymer was more corrosion resistance, combined the characteristics of the epoxy resin and coal tar.
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41

Tian, Bo, Hao Zhang, Jie Liu, Yibin Liu, and Chaohe Yang. "Coupling Oil Increase by Coal Liquefaction Residue Pyrolysis and Coal Pyrolysis Depolymerization Based on Big Data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2152, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2152/1/012009.

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Abstract With the continuous improvement of big data technology, my country’s coal liquefaction technology has also continued to mature, maintaining a stable industrial development. Traditional coal pyrolysis technology for tar production with the purpose of increasing tar production, such as coal hydropyrolysis, has problems such as high cost of pure hydrogen atmosphere and complex process and equipment operations, which severely restrict its industrial operation process. Based on this, this paper proposes a new technology of coal pyrolysis and depolymerization coupled with oil increase by using hydrogen precipitated by the condensation polymerization reaction at relatively high temperature under big data technology to study the effect of this process on coal pyrolysis for oil production. Experiments show that at 700°C, the tar yield reaches 21.5wt.%, which is 6% and 7% higher than the pyrolysis tar yield under the same conditions under hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres. At 600°C, the methane aromatization reaction is relatively weak, and it can be seen that the tar yield is only slightly higher than that under hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres. As the temperature of the methane anaerobic aromatization reaction increases, the equilibrium conversion rate increases accordingly. Therefore, as the reaction temperature increases, the tar yield also begins to increase.
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42

Mao, Lirui, Hanxu Li, Yuanchun Zhang, Chengli Wu, and Yan Geng. "Preparing coal water slurry from BDO tar to achieve resource utilization: gasification process of BDO tar-coal water slurry." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101050.

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1, 4-Butanediol (BDO) is an important organic and fine chemical raw material, but the waste liquid (BDO tar) discoal charged from the BDO production plant is complex in composition, contains salt, and is complicated to handle. In this study, BDO tar was treated by the method of waste-coal water slurry, and the gasification process of blending BDO tar was studied. The results show that as the BDO tar content increases, the organic component in the BDO tar causes the temperature point corresponding to the peak of the maximum reaction rate to migrate to the high temperature zone during the initial temperature to 150 °C. In the temperature range of 200 °C~300 °C, the weight loss of BDO tar leads to a significant weight loss peak of TG curves. From 600 °C to the final reaction temperature range, the alkali metal Na enriches the surface of the coal char with more active “spot”, and due to the alkali metal Na limits the graphitization of coal char, the active sites increase, which increases the coal char gasification reaction activity.
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43

Liu, Bo, Zhang Ming Shi, Jin Qiao He, and Hui Fang Xu. "Combustion Kinetics Characteristics of Dry Distillation Coal Tar." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.831.

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In order to improve burning-out characteristic of dry distillation coal tar, the sample of dry coal tar was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analyzer(TGA), and the sample’ properties of kinetics and burning-out were studied. The results show that the dry distillated tar combustion is mainly dynamic combustion with diffusive combustion as a supplement. The combustion activation energy was 30 kJ/mol above, but the activation energy, frequency factor and reaction order appeared change on the subsequent combustion. The dry distillated coal tar is easy to be ignited, but difficult to burn out, so its maximum burn out temperature is higher.
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44

Feng, Lele, Maifan Dong, Yuxin Wu, and Junping Gu. "Comparison of Tar Samples from Reaction Zone and Outlet in Ex-Situ Underground Coal Gasification Experiment." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 8570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248570.

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Tar remaining in the gasification cavity during underground coal gasification (UCG) is an important pollution source, while the reported studies only focus on the tar behavior at the outlet. The present work aims to compare the tar properties from the reaction zone and the outlet, analyze the tar evolution during gasification, and discuss possible measures to control tar pollution. Tar was sampled with a self-developed equipment from an ex-situ underground coal gasification experimental system and analyzed by GC-MS. The gas composition, temperature, and PM10 were also compared for the reaction zone and the outlet. Compared with the tar from reaction zone, the tar from outlet has a smaller percentage of high boiling point content, PAHs, C, O, N, S, Cl, Si, and a larger percentage of H. The PAHs percentage in tar at the outlet in this work is closer to the field data than the lab data from literature, indicating the experimental system gives a good simulation of tar behavior in underground coal gasification. Condensation due to a fast temperature drop is one of the main reasons for PAHs decreasing. Tar cracking and soot formation also cause the decrease of heavy tar, proven by the light gas and particulate matter results.
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45

Li, Xinli, Xiaobin Qi, Rui Chen, Zhiping Zhu, and Xiaofang Wang. "The Influence of Solid Heat Carrier Load of Char on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Pulverized Coal in a Fluidized Bed Reactor." Energies 17, no. 10 (May 9, 2024): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102282.

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Pulverized coal pyrolysis based on solid heat carrier has a huge advantage in high tar yield. In this study, pyrolysis experiments on pulverized coal were conducted in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor at 650 °C, utilizing char as the solid heat carrier. The influence of mass ratio of char to coal (RATIO) was investigated. Results show that the incorporation of solid heat carrier of char significantly enhanced the primary pyrolysis reaction in coal pyrolysis, resulting in increasing yields of tar and gas but reducing one of char. The yield of tar maximally reached 148.80–262.22% of the Gray–King analysis value at the RATIO of 14.52 g/g. As the RATIO increased, the tar contained more light component content, indicating that incorporating solid heat carriers improved the tar quality. These findings offer significant insights for the design of fluidized bed pyrolysis unit utilizing char as solid heat carrier.
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46

Li, Dong, Wen Hong Li, Xiao Yan Yang, Zheng Fan, Feng Wang, and Sui Hong Yan. "Microstructural Characteristics of Toluene Insolubles from Coal Tar." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.637.

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Toluene insolubles (TI) in coal tar is harmful to the downstream hydrotreating, and it may be difficult to be removed by conventional filtration. The TI is separated from coal tar which is washed by toluene and centrifugated at 2000 rpm and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size measurements, X-ray Diffraction analyses (XRD) and elemental analysis. It is concluded that TI in coal tar is present typically as globular aggregates. The primary particles range in size from less than 0.5μm to about 20μm. Characterization of TI in the coal tar showed that it is a nitrogen and oxygen rich material. TI is mainly inorganic elements representative of quartz, albite and calcite associated with kerogen material.
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47

Wiatowski, Marian. "An Experimental Study on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Tar Formed during Ex Situ Coal Gasification." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 16, 2023): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062777.

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Over the three-day gasification test of a large coal block with oxygen in atmospheric pressure conditions, the yield and composition of the tar collected was investigated. The tar was sampled approximately every 7 h into sorption tubes directly from the reactor outlet. Sand, with a moisture content of 11%, was used as an insulating material to simulate the environment of the gasified coal seam. Light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the tar. The results that were obtained were recalculated into the concentrations of the individual components of the tar and its mass stream in the process gas. The residence time of the tar in the reactor, its molar mass, and the H/C ratio were also calculated. As the reaction progressed, the water that was contained in the wet sand started to react with the gasified coal, which significantly affected the composition and amount of the obtained process gas and the produced tar. Due to an increase in the amount of generated gases and steam, the residence time of the tar vapours in the reactor decreased as the gasification progressed, ranging from approximately 1 s at the beginning of the process to 0.35 s at the end. The obtained tar was characterised by a high average content of BTEX fractions at approximately 82.6%, PAHs at 14.7%, and phenols at 2.7%. Benzene was the dominant BTEX compound, with a concentration of 83.7%. The high content of the BTEX compounds, especially benzene, was a result of secondary processes taking place in the tar (hydrocracking and steam reforming), and as a result of which, in the presence of hydrogen and steam, the heavier components of the tar were transformed into lighter ones. The total yield of the tar from this UCG (underground coal gasification) process—calculated per 1 ton of gasified coal—was 1.8% (counted on the basis of the analysed tar composition). Comparing this result to the efficiency of the classic coking process, the tar yield was about three times lower.
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48

Sozinov, Sergey A., Anna N. Popova, Larisa V. Sotnikova, Anastasiya S. Valnukova, and Yulia N. Dudnikova. "Study of graphite-like materials obtained from coal-tar pitch." Butlerov Communications 63, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-63-7-46.

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In the research, the study of precursors of graphite-like materials obtained from medium-temperature coal tar pitch was carried out on the individual components of coal tar pitch by separating the multicomponent composition of the pitch into separate fractions. Such approach, to study the physicochemical characteristics of the individual components of coal tar pitch, contributes to both the determination of the contribution of individual pitch components to the process of its structuring during carbonization and the development of new environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis of functional materials for various applications. The β-fraction was precipitated with n-hexane from toluene extract of coal tar pitch. γ-fraction was isolated from n-hexane by solvent evaporation. α2-fraction was isolated from the residue, insoluble in toluene, by quinoline extraction. The composition and structure of the isolated individual fractions of coal tar pitch were studied by physicochemical methods of analysis. The shape and morphology were investigated by electron microscopy. To study the composition and structure, the methods of elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, electron-paramagnetic resonance, XRD-analysis, and thermoanalysis were used in combination with methods of derivative analysis, chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The authors of the work propose new approaches to the use of individual fractions of coal tar pitch in order to obtain new graphite-like materials on their basis.
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49

Popova, Anna N. "The effect of carbon additives on crystal structure of coal tar pitch." Butlerov Communications 64, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-10-98.

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The work is devoted to the study of changes in the basic structural characteristics of coal tar pitch during carbonization with various carbon additives that have different textural characteristics. An industrial medium-temperature coal tar pitch with a softening temperature of 87 °C was taken as a starting material, nanosized carbon material "Kemerit", nanotubes, activated carbon, and thermally expanded graphite are considered as carbon additives. It was found in the work that the entire range of considered carbon additives significantly increases the yield of coke residue, while it was noted that a decrease in the amount of released volatile products during the destruction of pitch during its thermal transformation was observed, which is very important for carcinogenic compounds. Of the selected series of carbon additives, the maximum amount of solid residue is formed when nanostructured carbon additives (nanotubes and nanosized carbon material "Kemerit") are introduced into coal tar pitch. The structural characteristics of coal tar pitch before and after the carbonization process, as well as all carbon additives considered in the work, were investigated by the complex of X-ray diffraction methods (X-ray phase and X-ray structural methods of analysis). It was revealed that the formed carbon material, when nanotubes and Kemerite are added to coal tar pitch, is characterized by a more disordered structure when compared with the structure of individual coal tar pitch. The addition of thermally expanded graphite into coal tar pitch promotes the formation of graphite-like structures during pitch carbonization and reduces the amount of volatile carcinogenic compounds during thermal destruction to a greater extent when compared with amorphous carbon additives.
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50

Bannikov, L. P. "Characterization of "water in coal tar" emulsions stabilized with pulverized coal matter." Journal of Coal Chemistry 1 (2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2023-0-1-11-17.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF "WATER IN COAL TAR" EMULSIONS STABILIZED WITH PULVERIZED COAL MATTER © L.P. Bannikov, PhD in Technjcal Sciences (State Enterprise "Ukrainian State Scientific Research Institute of Coal Chemistry (UKHIN), 7 Vesnina str., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine) Difficulties in dehydrating coal tar, especially those with a high degree of pyrolysis, are associated with the complex nature of numerous intermolecular interactions that provide high viscosity of the dispersion medium. On the other hand, emulsions are stabilized by dispersed particles insoluble in toluene and quinoline. However, the most distinctive feature is the stabilization of water droplets by the particles of the coke oven carry–over. First of all, the carry–over is related to the chamber loading process as well as the steam and hydro injection used. This leads to the absorption of the smallest dust particles by the condensing tar. The presence of functional groups in the coal substance gives hydrophilicity to the generally hydrophobic conventional coal molecule. In addition, the mineral part of coal also contributes to the diffusivity of the substance, which makes it surface active and capable of stabilizing emulsions. It has been shown that such particles are capable of forming stable multiple emulsions, which, as is known from the experience of oil dehydration, are very stable. The formation of emulsions was carried out on a mechanical stirrer, samples of crushed coking coal were used as emulsifiers, clay and sand were taken as a hydrophilic standard, and industrial soot was used as a hydrophobic standard. The maximum volume of the emulsion was obtained when "Zh" coal and "OS" coal were used as a powder emulsifier. The minimum volume of the emulsion was formed when hydrophilic components, such as sand and clay, were introduced into the system. The formation of multiple emulsions of the "tar in water/water in tar" type was noted. With an increase in the degree of hydrophobicity of powdered emulsifiers, the droplet size decreases, the interfacial surface increases, and the emulsion becomes more stable. The emulsifying ability of powders is explained by the formation of a structural and mechanical barrier. Keywords: coal tar, quinoline-insoluble substances, coal substance, stabilizers, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, multiple emulsions. Corresponding author: Bannikov Leonid P., e-mail: ukhinbannikov@gmail.com
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