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Journal articles on the topic 'Coal-to-Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Qin, Yue, Fabian Wagner, Noah Scovronick, et al. "Air quality, health, and climate implications of China’s synthetic natural gas development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 19 (2017): 4887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703167114.

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Facing severe air pollution and growing dependence on natural gas imports, the Chinese government plans to increase coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) production. Although displacement of coal with SNG benefits air quality, it increases CO2 emissions. Due to variations in air pollutant and CO2 emission factors and energy efficiencies across sectors, coal replacement with SNG results in varying degrees of air quality benefits and climate penalties. We estimate air quality, human health, and climate impacts of SNG substitution strategies in 2020. Using all production of SNG in the residentia
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2

Barrera, Rolando, Carlos Salazar, and Juan F. Pérez. "Thermochemical Equilibrium Model of Synthetic Natural Gas Production from Coal Gasification Using Aspen Plus." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/192057.

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The production of synthetic or substitute natural gas (SNG) from coal is a process of interest in Colombia where the reserves-to-production ratio (R/P) for natural gas is expected to be between 7 and 10 years, while the R/P for coal is forecasted to be around 90 years. In this work, the process to produce SNG by means of coal-entrained flow gasifiers is modeled under thermochemical equilibrium with the Gibbs free energy approach. The model was developed using a complete and comprehensive Aspen Plus model. Two typical technologies used in entrained flow gasifiers such as coal dry and coal slurr
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3

Chiu, Hsiu Mei, Po Chuang Chen, Yau Pin Chyou, and Ting Wang. "Efficiency Analysis of Gas Turbine Combined-Cycle Fed with Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) and Mixture of Syngas and SNG." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.113.

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The effect of synthetic natural gas (SNG) and mixture of syngas and SNG fed to Natural Gas Combined-Cycle (NGCC) plants is presented in this study via a system-level simulation model. The commercial chemical process simulator, Pro/II®V8.1.1, was used in the study to build the analysis model. The NGCC plant consists of gas turbine (GT), heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and steam turbine (ST). The study envisages two analyses as the basic and feasibility cases. The former is the benchmark case which is verified by the reference data with the GE 7FB gas turbine. According to vendor’s specific
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4

Gao, Dan, Zheng Li, Dong Fang Jiang, Lin Wei Ma, Pei Liu, and San Gao Hu. "Development Scale Analysis for Coal Derived Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) under China Energy Security." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3830.

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Natural gas plays an important role in industry, transportation and electric power. The first of all problems to solve is to ensure energy security while meeting the demand for gas. Through analyzing the connotation and the frame of energy security, it clears about the significant of the security of energy and gas supply in China, and sets up the benefits and losses model of natural gas, analyzes the loss of economic cost and the obtained economic benefits based on the process of SNG to protect natural gas security. By analyzing the case, the results show that there exists a most advantage poi
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5

Lee, Geun-Woo, and Yong-Seung Shin. "Technical Review of Coal Gasifiers for Production of Synthetic Natural Gas." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 36, no. 8 (2012): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2012.36.8.865.

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6

Song, Guo Hui, Qing Yuan Song, Lai Hong Shen, and Jun Xiao. "Integrated Study on Syngas-to-Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Process." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1419.

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A simulation of syngas-to-synthetic natural gas (SNG) process is presented. It mainly consists of the modeling of methanation process via a fluidized bed reactor and CO2 removal via Selexol absorption process. The effects of methanation temperature and pressure on the composition, yield and higher heating value (HHV) of SNG, as well as exergy efficiency of the process were investigated. The results indicate that the methanation temperature with a range of 300 °C to 350 °C and methation pressure with a range of 2.5 bar to 15 bar are recommended for the syngas-to-SNG process. The CO2 removal eff
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7

Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul, Yus Donald Chaniago, Wahid Ali, Hammad Saulat, and Moonyong Lee. "Membrane-Assisted Removal of Hydrogen and Nitrogen from Synthetic Natural Gas for Energy-Efficient Liquefaction." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195023.

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Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production from coal is one of the well-matured options to make clean utilization of coal a reality. For the ease of transportation and supply, liquefaction of SNG is highly desirable. In the liquefaction of SNG, efficient removal of low boiling point impurities such as hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) is highly desirable to lower the power of the liquefaction process. Among several separation processes, membrane-based separation exhibits the potential for the separation of low boiling point impurities at low power consumption as compared to the existing separation p
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8

Ding, Yanjun, Weijian Han, Qinhu Chai, Shuhong Yang, and Wei Shen. "Coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG): A solution to China’s energy security and CO2 reduction?" Energy Policy 55 (April 2013): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.12.030.

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9

Li, Hengchong, Siyu Yang, Jun Zhang, Andrzej Kraslawski, and Yu Qian. "Analysis of rationality of coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) production in China." Energy Policy 71 (August 2014): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.018.

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10

Pérez-Bayer, Juan Fernando, Rolando Barrera-Zapata, and Carlos Alberto Salazar-Jiménez. "Effect of Colombian coal rank and its feeding technology on substitute natural gas production by entrained gasification." REVISTA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA 25, no. 41 (2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.4136.

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<p>The effect of coal rank (from sub-bituminous to semi-anthracite) and type of fuel feeding technology (slurry and dry) on the production of substitute natural gas (SNG) in entrained flow gasifiers is studied. Ten coals from important Colombian mines were selected. The process is modeled under thermochemical equilibrium using Aspen Plus, and its performance is evaluated in function of output parameters that include SNG heating value, Wobbe index, coal conversion efficiency, cold gas efficiency, process efficiency, global efficiency, and SNG production rate, among others. In descending o
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11

White, Robert, Freddy Segundo Navarro-Pineda, Timothy Cockerill, Valerie Dupont, and Julio César Sacramento Rivero. "Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Impacts Analysis of Direct Methanation of Glycerol to Bio-Synthetic Natural Gas at a Biodiesel Refinery." Energies 12, no. 4 (2019): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040678.

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An economic and environmental feasibility study were carried out on the thermochemical conversion of glycerol to medium methane content biological synthetic natural gas (bio-SNG). A plant that processed 497 kg·h−1 of glycerol to bio-SNG was modelled as an on-site addition to a soybean biodiesel plant based in Missouri (USA) that produced 30 million litres of soybean biodiesel per year. Assuming the glycerol contained only 80 wt% free glycerol, the bio-SNG could substitute up to 24% of the natural gas at the soybean biodiesel plant. The discounted cash flow analysis showed it was possible to ge
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12

Kopyscinski, Jan, Tilman J. Schildhauer, and Serge M. A. Biollaz. "Production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from coal and dry biomass – A technology review from 1950 to 2009." Fuel 89, no. 8 (2010): 1763–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.01.027.

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13

Szima, Szabolcs, and Calin-Cristian Cormos. "CO2 Utilization Technologies: A Techno-Economic Analysis for Synthetic Natural Gas Production." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051258.

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Production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) offers an alternative way to valorize captured CO2 from energy intensive industrial processes or from a dedicated CO2 grid. This paper presents an energy-efficient way for synthetic natural gas production using captured CO2 and renewable hydrogen. Considering several renewable hydrogen production sources, a techno-economic analysis was performed to find a promising path toward its practical application. In the paper, the five possible renewable hydrogen sources (photo fermentation, dark fermentation, biomass gasification, bio photolysis, and PV electro
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14

Zeng, Shuai, Jingfang Gu, Siyu Yang, Huairong Zhou, and Yu Qian. "Comparison of techno-economic performance and environmental impacts between shale gas and coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 215 (April 2019): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.101.

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15

Liu, Yang, Yu Qian, Huairong Zhou, Honghua Xiao, and Siyu Yang. "Conceptual Design of the Coal to Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Process Based on BGL Gasifier: Modeling and Techno-Economic Analysis." Energy & Fuels 31, no. 1 (2016): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02166.

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16

Schildhauer, Tilman J., and Serge M. A. Biollaz. "Reactors for Catalytic Methanation in the Conversion of Biomass to Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 69, no. 10 (2015): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2015.603.

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17

Subramanian, Avinash S. R., Truls Gundersen, and Thomas A. Adams. "Technoeconomic analysis of a waste tire to liquefied synthetic natural gas (SNG) energy system." Energy 205 (August 2020): 117830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117830.

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18

Perna, Alessandra, Linda Moretti, Giorgio Ficco, Giuseppe Spazzafumo, Laura Canale, and Marco Dell’Isola. "SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238443.

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Power to gas (PtG) is an emerging technology that allows to overcome the issues due to the increasingly widespread use of intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES). Via water electrolysis, power surplus on the electric grid is converted into hydrogen or into synthetic natural gas (SNG) that can be directly injected in the natural gas network for long-term energy storage. The core units of the Power to synthetic natural gas (PtSNG) plant are the electrolyzer and the methanation reactors where the renewable electrolytic hydrogen is converted to synthetic natural gas by adding carbon dioxide.
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19

Jo, Seong Bin, Tae Young Kim, Chul Ho Lee, et al. "Selective CO Hydrogenation Over Bimetallic Co-Fe Catalysts for the Production of Light Paraffin Hydrocarbons (C2–C4): Effect of Space Velocity, Reaction Pressure and Temperature." Catalysts 9, no. 9 (2019): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9090779.

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Synthetic natural gas (SNG) using syngas from coal and biomass has attracted much attention as a potential substitute for fossil fuels because of environmental advantages. However, heating value of SNG is below the standard heating value for power generation (especially in South Korea and Japan). In this study, bimetallic Co-Fe catalyst was developed for the production of light paraffin hydrocarbons (C2–C4 as well as CH4) for usage as mixing gases to improve the heating value of SNG. The catalytic performance was monitored by varying space velocity, reaction pressure and temperature. The CO co
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20

Li, Hengchong, Siyu Yang, Jun Zhang, and Yu Qian. "Coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) for municipal heating in China: analysis of haze pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions." Journal of Cleaner Production 112 (January 2016): 1350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.078.

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21

Zhou, Yangping, Zhengwei Gu, Yujie Dong, Fangzhou Xu, and Zuoyi Zhang. "Combining Dual Fluidized Bed and High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor for Co-Producing Hydrogen and Synthetic Natural Gas by Biomass Gasification." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185683.

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Biomass gasification to produce burnable gas now attracts an increasing interest for production flexibility in the renewable energy system. However, the biomass gasification technology using dual fluidized bed which is most suitable for burnable gas production still encounters problems of low production efficiency and high production cost. Here, we proposed a large-scale biomass gasification system to combine dual fluidized bed and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) for co-production of hydrogen and synthetic natural gas (SNG). The design of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor biomass g
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22

Bai, Xiaobo, Sheng Wang, Tianjun Sun, and Shudong Wang. "Influence of Operating Conditions on Carbon Deposition Over a Ni Catalyst for the Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Coal." Catalysis Letters 144, no. 12 (2014): 2157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1379-1.

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23

Kim, Jin-Hyun, and Honghyun Cho. "Experimental Study on Corrosion Characteristics of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo in the 1st-mathanator reactor for Synthetic Natural Gas according to Gas Compositions." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 17, no. 5 (2016): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.5.709.

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24

Vitasari, Caecilia R., Martin Jurascik, and Krzysztof J. Ptasinski. "Exergy analysis of biomass-to-synthetic natural gas (SNG) process via indirect gasification of various biomass feedstock." Energy 36, no. 6 (2011): 3825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.09.026.

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25

Martínez, I., and M. C. Romano. "Flexible sorption enhanced gasification (SEG) of biomass for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) and liquid biofuels: Process assessment of stand-alone and power-to-gas plant schemes for SNG production." Energy 113 (October 2016): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.026.

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26

Yan–hua, Li, Feng Hui, Chi Qiang, et al. "Experimental Research on Fatigue Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel for Synthetic Natural Gas Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 27, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631031.

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In recent years, many synthetic natural gas demonstration projects have been put into operation all over the world, and hydrogen is usually contained in synthetic natural gas. X80 is the most commonly used high-grade pipeline steel in the construction of natural gas pipelines. The compatibility between high-grade pipeline steel and hydrogen directly affects safety and reliability of long-distance pipelines. Therefore, in order to study the effect of hydrogen content on fatigue properties of high-grade pipeline steel, fatigue specimens were taken from base metal, spiral welds, and girth weld of
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27

Gu, Yang, and Kokossis. "Modeling and Analysis of Coal-Based Lurgi Gasification for LNG and Methanol Coproduction Process." Processes 7, no. 10 (2019): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100688.

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A coal-based coproduction process of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and methanol (CTLNG-M) is developed and key units are simulated in this paper. The goal is to find improvements of the low-earning coal to synthesis natural gas (CTSNG) process using the same raw material but producing a low-margin, single synthesis natural gas (SNG) product. In the CTLNG-M process, there are two innovative aspects. Firstly, the process can co-generate high value-added products of LNG and methanol, in which CH4 is separated from the syngas to obtain liquefied natural gas (LNG) through a cryogenic separation unit,
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Li, Le, Jian Zheng, Yuefeng Liu, Wei Wang, Qingsong Huang, and Wei Chu. "Impacts of SiC Carrier and Nickel Precursor of NiLa/support Catalysts for CO2 Selective Hydrogenation to Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)." ChemistrySelect 2, no. 13 (2017): 3750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201601745.

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Razzaq, Rauf, Chunshan Li, Muhammad Usman, Kenzi Suzuki та Suojiang Zhang. "A highly active and stable Co4N/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for CO and CO2 methanation to produce synthetic natural gas (SNG)". Chemical Engineering Journal 262 (лютий 2015): 1090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.073.

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30

Chen, Ming-Hong, Yau-Pin Chyou, and Ting Wang. "Simulation of Coal Gasification in a Low-Temperature, High-Pressure Entrained-Bed Reactor with a Volatiles Condensation and Re-Evaporation Model." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030510.

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The objective of this study is to implement a tar condensation and re-vaporization sub-model in a previously established Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for the Entrained Slagging Transport Reactor (E-STR) gasifier, modified from the existing E-Gasifier simulation models in previous studies. The major modifications in E-STR, compared to the existing E-GasTM design, include higher operating pressure and lower temperature, with the aim of achieving a higher H2/CO ratio of syngas, which is more favorable for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production. In this study, the aforementioned sub-mo
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31

Łaciak, Mariusz. "Properties of Artificial Gaseous Mixtures for their Safe Use and Support the Natural Gas Supply Networks / Własności Sztucznych Mieszanin Gazowych do Bezpiecznego ich Użytkowania i Wspomagania Zasilania Sieci Gazu Ziemnego." Archives of Mining Sciences 57, no. 2 (2012): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10267-012-0022-5.

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Abstract The increase in natural gas consumption by the general public and industry development, in particular the petrochemical and chemical industries, has made increasing the world interest in using gas replacement for natural gas, both as mixtures of flammable gases and gas mixtures as LPG with air (SNG - Synthetic Natural Gas). Economic analysis in many cases prove that to ensure interchangeability of gas would cost less than the increase in pipeline capacity to deliver the same quantity of natural gas. In addition, SNG systems and installations, could be considered as investments to impr
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32

Chen, Min, Zhanglong Guo, Jian Zheng, Fangli Jing, and Wei Chu. "CO 2 selective hydrogenation to synthetic natural gas (SNG) over four nano-sized Ni/ZrO 2 samples: ZrO 2 crystalline phase & treatment impact." Journal of Energy Chemistry 25, no. 6 (2016): 1070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2016.11.008.

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33

Hafner, Selina, Max Schmid, and Günter Scheffknecht. "Parametric Study on the Adjustability of the Syngas Composition by Sorption-Enhanced Gasification in a Dual-Fluidized Bed Pilot Plant." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020399.

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Finding a way for mitigating climate change is one of the main challenges of our generation. Sorption-enhanced gasification (SEG) is a process by which syngas as an important intermediate for the synthesis of e.g., dimethyl ether (DME), bio-synthetic natural gas (SNG) and Fischer–Tropsch (FT) products or hydrogen can be produced by using biomass as feedstock. It can, therefore, contribute to a replacement for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. SEG is an indirect gasification process that is operated in a dual-fluidized bed (DFB) reactor. By the use of a CO2-active sorbent a
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34

Crotogino, Fritz, Gregor-Sönke Schneider, and David J. Evans. "Renewable energy storage in geological formations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 1 (2017): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917731181.

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With the transition to renewable energies and, above all, strongly fluctuating electricity from wind and solar energy, there will be a need for energy storage in the future. For central grid-scale storages, underground geological storage, similar to those already used for fossil fuels, is in the first place under review. Compressed Air Energy Storages have already been successfully used to provide minutes to hours reserve. For storage capacities in the day to week range, storage is required on a chemical rather than a mechanical basis, through either the conversion of electricity into pure hyd
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35

Meng, Fanhui, Pengzhan Zhong, Zhong Li, Xiaoxi Cui, and Huayan Zheng. "Surface Structure and Catalytic Performance of Ni-Fe Catalyst for Low-Temperature CO Hydrogenation." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/534842.

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Catalysts 16NixFe/Al2O3(xis 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and the catalytic performance for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from CO hydrogenation in slurry-bed reactor were studied. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, UV-Vis DRS, H2-TPR, CO-TPD, and XPS, and the results showed that the introduction of iron improved the dispersion of Ni species, weakened the interaction between Ni species and support and decreased the reduction temperature and that catalyst formed Ni-Fe alloy when the content of iron exceeded 2%. Experimental re
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36

Tsiotsias, Anastasios I., Nikolaos D. Charisiou, Ioannis V. Yentekakis, and Maria A. Goula. "Capture and Methanation of CO2 Using Dual-Function Materials (DFMs)." Chemistry Proceedings 2, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eccs2020-07567.

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The conversion of CO2, captured from flue gases, into synthetic natural gas (SNG) aims to create a closed carbon cycle, where excess H2 produced from renewables is utilized to transform CO2 released from existing conventional power plants into a reliable and high energy density carrier, that is CH4. In the last five years, extensive research effort has been dedicated to the synthesis and optimization of composite materials for the realization of this process. These materials, also known as dual-function materials or DFMs, typically consist of an alkaline metal oxide or carbonate phase, along w
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Wang, Chaowei, Song He, Sheng Li, and Lin Gao. "Water saving potential of coal-to-synthetic natural gas." Journal of Cleaner Production 280 (January 2021): 124326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124326.

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Teh, Lee Peng, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Herma Dina Setiabudi, and Muhammad Arif Abdul Aziz. "Catalytic CO Methanation over Mesoporous ZSM5 with Different Metal Promoters." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, no. 1 (2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.3618.228-237.

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The carbon monoxide methanation has possessed huge potential as an effective method to produce synthetic natural gas (SNG). The basic requirements such as high catalytic activity at low temperatures (<500 °C) and high stability throughout all temperatures is needed for an ideal methanation catalysts. The ultimate goal of the study is to examine the influential of different metal promoters towards catalytic properties and catalytic CO methanation performance. A series of metal promoters (Rh, Co, Pd and Zn) mesoporous ZSM5 were synthesized using an incipient-wetness impregnation method and ev
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Joo, S., S. Kwak, S. Kim, J. Lee, and Y. Yoon. "High-frequency transition characteristics of synthetic natural gas combustion in gas turbine." Aeronautical Journal 123, no. 1259 (2019): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.150.

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AbstractIn this study, the combustion instability and emission characteristics of flames of different H2/CH4 compositions were investigated in a partially premixed model gas turbine combustor. A mode shift in the frequency of instability occurred under varying experimental conditions from the first to the seventh mode of longitudinal frequency in the combustor, and a parametric study was conducted to determine the reasons for this shift by using the length of the combustor, a factor that determines the mode frequency of longitudinal instability, as the main parameter. Furthermore, heat load an
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40

Yu, Bor-Yih, and I.-Lung Chien. "Design and Economic Evaluation of a Coal-to-Synthetic Natural Gas Process." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 54, no. 8 (2015): 2339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie503595r.

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41

Sun, Ping'an, Jian Cao, Xulong Wang, et al. "Geochemistry and Origins of Natural Gases in the Southwestern Junggar Basin, Northwest China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 30, no. 5 (2012): 707–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.30.5.707.

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The southwestern Junggar Basin in northwest China is a significant target of basin's hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation at present. It is petroliferous mainly in oil production. However, natural gas should have good prospects because multiple sets of gas-prone source rocks are developed. Thus, in order to expand the field of hydrocarbon exploration (natural gas in particular), origins of the gases were discussed in this paper based on relatively comprehensive analyses of gas geochemistry, which include components, carbon isotopes and light hydrocarbons of gas and biomarkers of associated
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42

Skodras, Georgios, Sofia Panagiotidou, Paris Kokorotsikos, and Maria Serafidou. "Potassium catalyzed hydrogasification of low-rank coal for synthetic natural gas production." Open Chemistry 14, no. 1 (2016): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2016-0009.

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AbstractPotassium catalyzed isothermal coal hydrogasification was investigated, as an alternative route for synthetic natural gas production. Potassium chemisorption occurred on oxygen sites in the coal structure and was strongly affected by the solution pH and followed the Cation Exchange Capability (CEC) which is also pH-dependent. A quadratic function described the relation between the solution pH and the fraction of the chemisorbed potassium, while; the cumulative distribution function of two Weibull probability density functions correlated the solution pH with the CEC that was linearly co
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Wei, Di, Zekun Jia, Zhao Sun, Yanxiu Gao, Guoqing Wang, and Liang Zeng. "Process simulation and economic analysis of calcium looping gasification for coal to synthetic natural gas." Fuel Processing Technology 218 (July 2021): 106835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106835.

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Yu, Bor-Yih, and I.-Lung Chien. "Design and Economic Evaluation of a Coal-Based Polygeneration Process To Coproduce Synthetic Natural Gas and Ammonia." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 54, no. 41 (2015): 10073–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02345.

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Harahap, Muslim Efendi, and Endro Wahju Tjahjono. "KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PROSES PEMBUATAN GAS SINTETIK DARI BATUBARA DAN PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN PADA INDUSTRI HILIRNYA = TECHNOLOGY REVIEW PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC GAS FROM COAL UTILIZATION AND PROSPECT IN DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRIES." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 10, no. 1 (2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v10i1.104.

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AbstractPotential coal reserves in Indonesia are very abundant, but which became the key issue is the utilization in Indonesia is still not optimal. One alternative to use the coal is by converting it into synthetic gas (syngas), containing primarily hydrogen (H2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). To create synthetic gas from coal there are 4 kinds of process technology known in the world, i.e. Fixed-bed gasifier, Fluidized-bed gasifier, Entrained-bed gasifier and Molten bath gasifier. There are 3 types of chemical industry to take advantage of this synthetic gas as an alternative of their raw
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Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul, Yus Donald Chaniago, Wahid Ali, Kinza Qadeer, and Moonyong Lee. "Coal to clean energy: Energy-efficient single-loop mixed-refrigerant-based schemes for the liquefaction of synthetic natural gas." Journal of Cleaner Production 211 (February 2019): 574–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.233.

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Yang, Sheng, Yu Qian, Yifan Wang, and Siyu Yang. "A novel cascade absorption heat transformer process using low grade waste heat and its application to coal to synthetic natural gas." Applied Energy 202 (September 2017): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.028.

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48

He, Zhong, Xiaolong Wang, Shiwang Gao, and Tiancun Xiao. "Effect of reaction variables on CO methanation process over NiO–La2O3–MgO/Al2O3 catalyst for coal to synthetic natural gas." Applied Petrochemical Research 5, no. 4 (2015): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13203-015-0127-9.

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Man, Yi, Yulin Han, Yusha Hu, Sheng Yang, and Siyu Yang. "Synthetic natural gas as an alternative to coal for power generation in China: Life cycle analysis of haze pollution, greenhouse gas emission, and resource consumption." Journal of Cleaner Production 172 (January 2018): 2503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.160.

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Yang, Zhidong, Liehui Zhang, Yuhui Zhou, Hui Wang, Lichen Wen, and Ehsan Kianfar. "Investigation of effective parameters on SAPO-34 nanocatalyst in the methanol-to-olefin conversion process: a review." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 40, no. 3 (2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2020-0003.

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AbstractLight olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butylene are mainly used in the petrochemical industry. Due to the growing need for light olefins in the industry and the future shortage of petroleum resources, the process of converting methanol to olefins (MTO) using non-oil sources has been considered as an alternative. Coal and natural gas are abundant in nature and the methods of converting them to methanol are well known today. Coal gasification or steam reforming of natural gas to produce synthetic gas (CO and hydrogen gas) can lead to methanol production. Methanol can also be catal
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