Academic literature on the topic 'Coast approach according to the price order'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coast approach according to the price order"
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Huizen, Lenny Margaretta, Titis Handayani, Saifur Rohman Cholil, and Yanti Faradilah. "Optimizing costs for vaccine control using the reorder point approach." Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi 7, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/register.v7i1.2099.
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Vaccines are biological products that have an important role in human immunity. In Indonesia, some vaccines are categorized as compulsory vaccines and additional vaccines. The demand for additional vaccines is less predictable because they are not mandatory for use. This of course makes the amount of demand for vaccines less predictable. Also, the price of additional vaccines is not cheap when compared to the price of mandatory vaccines. So that the management of vaccines in the pharmacy warehouse is needed so that the amount of supply and demand is balanced so that the costs incurred will be more optimal. The information system regarding vaccine reordering is carried out using a reorder point so that the pharmacy warehouse can order according to the right need and at the right time. The data used are demand data, prices, storage costs, and message costs. The results of calculations using reorder points within four months with a total purchase for the Rotavirus vaccine was 62 for IDR 28,274,948 and 70 for the hospital of IDR 31,801,500 with a difference of IDR 3,528,552. The calculation result using the reorder point for the Hexaxim vaccine with a total purchase for 4 months was 61 with a nominal value of IDR 58,380,060 while the calculation in the hospital was 67 with a nominal value of IDR 63,971,000 so that a nominal difference of IDR 5,590,940 was obtained. Use of the return point can be used to alarm when and how many vaccines to order. This can be seen from the cost difference between the pharmacy warehouse and the calculation using the reorder point for the Hexaxim vaccine and the Rotavirus vaccine.
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Corominas, Albert, and Amaia Lusa. "Assigning orders to suppliers with linear piecewise concave costs." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 12, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2820.
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Purpose: Once a set of suppliers has been determined, according to criteria of quality, price and reliability, among others, there remains the problem of assigning orders to the selected suppliers, in order to cover the needs at the lowest cost. We consider the case in which the needs of a component for a set of plants should be covered by suppliers with linear piecewise concave cost functions, a lower bound on the order size for the non-zero deliveries and a capacity constraint. The purpose is to design procedures for solving this problem.Design/methodology/approach: With the aim of providing practical tools to solve the problem of assigning orders to suppliers with linear piecewise concave costs, two mixed integer linear programs are proposed.Findings: The two MILP models are compared through an extensive computational experiment. This shows that both models, with a slight advantage for one of them, can be solved within a very short time, even when the dimensions of the instance largely exceed those that can occur in real cases.Originality/value: The paper proposes novel models that can be used to solve the problem to optimality in reasonable times and with standard optimization software.
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Brilhante, Dialina, Ana Macedo, and Ana Harfouche. "Blood, Esa’s and Costs." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1303.1303.
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Abstract Background: The demand for allogeneic blood (packed red blood cells) has been progressively increasing. The introduction of safety measures substantially increased its cost and limited the available supply. Because both supply and demand for blood has not yet reached a plateau, namely in Portugal, the introduction and adoption of treatments that reduce transfusion, such as Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA’S) for patients with chemotherapy induced anemia (CIA) is a welcome strategy to manage the hospital blood supply. Recently an advisory panel to the US Food and Drug Administration has recommended that the agency further limit the use of ESA’S, and in Europe, the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) emitted a statement that “cancer patients with a reasonably long life expectancy” should receive blood transfusions rather than take drugs for anemia. With these warnings we are probably going to see an increase in demand for blood. Estimating blood costs is a complex undertaking, surpassing simple versus demand economics, and is not simple or straightforward; the underlying issue is whether hospitals are billing appropriately for blood products and how extensively its value is calculated. The National Health Care System is making a huge effort to control the rising costs associated with the delivery of health services, namely developing a new allocation method for hospitals. Activity-based costing (ABC) is an approach to the management of resources that allows the ‘real’ resource costs and time of a service activity to be estimated. Traditional costing systems often group many costs together as overheads. The Accounting System for Activities in the Hospitals (SCAH) is outlined to evaluate detailed cost elements, understanding cost behaviour, which can facilitate future policy decisions, because policy makers have the opportunity to more fully understand the implications of incremental changes. We applied the SCAH to the Blood Bank of IPOFG Lisbon, in order to evaluate a far more accurate appraisal of the actual cost of the blood. The cost of correcting CIA is an open issue as both ESAS’S and Transfusion may offer symptomatic benefit. In Portugal the price of ESA’S, Erythropoietin alfa decreased almost 50% from 2000–2008, not including the final price, negotiated in each hospital. On the other hand, the price of one unit of packed RBCs continues to rise, and with different values, depending on the methodology used. Purpose: Evaluation of the costs of both alternatives to increase 1g of haemoglobin, in a hemato-oncological hospital, belonging to National Health Service and not for profit. Methods: We analysed the official prices of ESA’S between 2000–2008 published by the Ministry of Health. We used an activity – based approach to more fully account for the cost of blood, than present estimates, derived from the concept of activity-based costing (ABC). We applied this method to the process Chart flows of activities associated with blood collection facility and the others associated to the transfusion service. Results: Prices of Epoeitin - a (1000 UI/5μg) and Darbepoeitin according to National Catalogue Prices 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Epoietin-a €11,17 €7,20 €6,73 €6,52 €6,52 €6,12 €6,12 €6,12 €6,12 Darbepoeitin - - - €7,80 €7,00 €6,52 €6,52 €6,12 €6,12 Price of Packed RBC (2007), calculated using ABC methodology % Price (€) Personnel 25,32 90,26 Material to blood collection 6,47 23,07 Equipment 1,03 3,67 Common Costs 5,03 17,92 Reagents 3,69 13,15 Outsourcing 1,83 6,52 Structures 1,01 3,60 Laboratory analysis 15,85 56,50 Transfusion Session 39,77 141,75 Total 100% 356,44 Increment of 1g haemoglobin 1 unit of Packed RBC and transfusion session 30.000 UI EPO-a (fixed dose every week) 150 mg Darbepoeitin (fixed dose every week) €356.44 + €30* €183,6 × 2 = €367,2 * Haemovigilance network €183,6 × 4 = €734,4 The cost of 1 unit of packed RBC is equivalent a two fixed doses of EPO- a and Darbepoitin, respectively (30000 UI and 150 mg). Each hospital can negotiate catalogue adjusted prices for ESA’s, so if we presume that these values can be reduced by half, the price of 1 unit of packed RBC is equivalent to 4 fixed doses of treatment with ESA’s. Conclusions: Once the ability of ESA’s to reduce transfusions requirements has been documented in the literature, the costs of ESA’S and Transfusion might be another factor in determining which approach should be used.
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OLIVEIRA, MARLA CONCEIÇÃO, JOSÉ MAURÍCIO DE SOUZA CAMPOS, ANDRÉ SOARES DE OLIVEIRA, MARCELO DE ANDRADE FERREIRA, and AIRON APARECIDO SILVA DE MELO. "BENCHMARKS FOR MILK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE PERNAMBUCO AGRESTE REGION, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 3 (September 2016): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n324rc.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to identify and assess the technological, zootechnical and socioeconomic profiles and identify and quantify benchmarks for dairy cattle production systems, in a non - experimental approach, aiming to contribute to the sustainability and competitiveness of dairy farming in the Pernambuco Agreste region, northeastern Brazil. Thirty-six milk production systems of family and corporate farming were evaluated during twelve months, in order to identify and quantify the benchmarks. The systems were characterized regarding their size and technological, zootechnical and economic profiles. The correlation coefficients of the return rate on invested capital were assessed and regression equations were developed for each indicator, according to four scenarios of annual return rates (4, 6, 8 and 10%). The indicators evaluated were milk production per dairy cows, milk production per area, average price of milk, effective operational cost, total operating cost, total cost per price of milk and profitability. The dairy farming in the Pernambuco Agreste region pays the production costs, but tends to a not adequate remuneration of family labor and a need of external capital input for replacement of the assets. The productivity of production factors area and animals showed higher correlation with cost-effectiveness, denoting the need for increase the production through increases in land area and milk productivity per dairy cow. The identification and quantification of benchmarks may help to identify the weak points of dairy farming in the Agreste region, making it sustainable and competitive.
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Ryhänen, Matti. "Input substitution and technological development on Finnish dairy farms for 1965-1991: Empirical application on bookkeeping dairy farms." Agricultural and Food Science 3, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 519–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72722.
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The study presents an attempt to gain a better understanding of the input substitution and technological development on Finnish dairy farms. The dual approach of the neoclassical production and cost theory is applied. A system of derived demand and cost functions is estimated using a representative dairy farm data and panel data of bookkeeping Finnish dairy farms. The flexible translog cost function is utilized to solve the empirical research problem. The cost function study is chosen, because it makes it possible to study production of farms operating in the area of decreasing average costs. According to the results, inputs are for the most part substitutes with each other. With the existing production technology, the substitution of inputs for other inputs is inelastic. The own price elasticities are also inelastic. Technical change is purchased feed-saving and other inputs-using. The average annual rate of technical change was 1.3 percent. The new production chains resulting from technical change have made it possible to increase the size of dairy farms. Increasing the size of dairy farms should be allowed so in order to make it possible to utilize the advantages related to the economies of size.
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Ettore D’Ortona, Nicolino, Gabriella Marcarelli, and Giuseppe Melisi. "Loss portfolio transfer treaties within Solvency II capital system: a reinsurer’s point of view." Insurance Markets and Companies 11, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ins.11(1).2020.01.
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Loss portfolio transfer (LPT) is a reinsurance treaty in which an insurer cedes the policies that have already incurred losses to a reinsurer. This operation can be carried out by an insurance company in order to reduce reserving risk and consequently reduce its capital requirement calculated, according to Solvency II. From the viewpoint of the reinsurance company, being a very complex operation, importance must be given to the methodology used to determine the price of the treaty.Following the collective risk approach, the paper examines the risk profiles and the reinsurance pricing of LPT treaties, taking into account the insurance capital requirements established by European law. For this purpose, it is essential to calculate the capital need for the risk deriving from the LPT transaction. In the case analyzed, this requirement is calculated under Solvency II legislation, considering the measure of variability determined via simulation. This quantification was also carried out for different levels of the cost of capital rate, providing a range of possible loadings to be applied to the premium. In the case of the Cost of Capital (CoC) approach, the results obtained provide a lower level of premium compared to the percentile-based method with a range between 2.69% and 1.88%. Besides, the CoC approach also provides the advantage of having an explicit parameter, the CoC rate whose specific level can be chosen by the reinsurance company based on the risk appetite.
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Hubareva, V. M. "SOME SPECIFICS OF COST DETERMINING OF EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT QUALITY DEGRADATION DUE TO WEAR." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.57.
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One of the objects of merchandising research, which the cost determining has certain features and complexities, are equipment and machines of various purposes especially were in operation and having a certain percentage of wear. Determining of equipment and machines operability, percentage of wear is one of the main factors affecting the formation of the market price and its definition within all approaches to property valuation. According to forensic experts experience while performing this type of research specialists, who involve for determining of a technical condition raise questions: what kind of data should be indicated in the technical condition report in order that experts can use them while performing merchandising examination and the terminology used by specialists, categories of technical condition assessment should coincide with the terminology of appraisers in future. Merchandising experts on the basis of work experience and study of special literature offered the list of such data. It includes: inventory number, name (brand), purpose, completeness (configuration, mass), date of acquisition (release date), service life (operation rate), cost at acquisition date, book value, manufacturer, main technical characteristics, technical condition, functional test, repairs information, repair costs; conclusions about possibility of further exploitation. Merchandising expert uses established percentage of wear in the network of the cost approach that provides for following consecutive actions: determining of replacement cost or reproduction of valuation object and analysis of its technical condition for determining the percentage of wear and further calculations in the network of this approach. Suitability coefficient of valuation object is used by a commodity expert for determining the value of valuation object within framework of comparative approach while selecting comparison objects.
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Suk, Leonid, and Petro Suk. "Accounting for Capital Turnover." Accounting and Finance, no. 1(91) (2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-1(91)-29-35.
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Economic globalization, digitalization of management processes, introduction of new forms of business organization, implementation of the concept of sustainable development are factors that affect the process of capital turnover and determine the need to improve its accounting support. The purpose of the article is to search for options for improving the accounting for capital turnover at the enterprise in modern conditions of a dynamic market environment. The economic essence of capital was disclosed and the capital turnover was identified as an object of accounting. The capital turnover in the enterprise is carried out constantly and is expressed through the turnover of funds that must be reflected in the accounting system. The analysis of the presentation (classification) of assets in the reporting was carried out, and it was found that all assets of an economic entity are in economic circulation, although the order and circulation period of various assets is not the same. Therefore, the division of assets into non-circulating and circulating assets is incorrect, since it contradicts the real essence of economic phenomena. It was proposed to change the approach to the presentation of assets in the reporting and rename the sections “Non-circulating assets” and “Circulating assets” in the Balance Sheet (Statement of financial position) of Ukrainian enterprises to “Non-current assets” and “Current assets”, respectively. It was proposed to place the balance sheet asset items in descending order of liquidity of assets. In particular, the first item will be “Money and their equivalents”, and then other items depending on the liquidity of assets. Accounting for business transactions must be kept according to the stages of capital turnover. In order to accounting for the sale of goods, works and services, it is advisable to use one synthetic account, on the debit of which it shows the sold products at their cost price, and on the credit – at the selling prices.
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Abdul Rahman, Nasarudin, Mushera Ambaras Khan, Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi, and Mohd Radhuan Arif Zakaria. "E-Hailing Services: Antitrust Implications of Uber and Grab`s Merger in Southeast Asia." IIUM Law Journal 28, (S1) (October 28, 2020): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v28i(s1).590.
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Uber-Grab’s merger had attracted antitrust scrutiny by competition authorities in Southeast-Asia. The merger between the two had created a large giant company that provides various services through a platform such as ridesharing and food delivery services. According to the deal, Grab will take over Uber’s assets (ridesharing and food delivery service), and in return, Uber will take a 27.5 percent stake in Grab. Although Grab claimed that the merger would create a cost-efficient platform in Southeast Asia and put it in a better position to serve consumers, there was a genuine concern that the merger will reduce competition in the market and provide incentives to Grab to engage in anti-competitive behaviour such as increasing the price of its services. This article aims to analyse how different countries in Southeast Asia responded to the Uber-Grab’s merger and measures taken to address competitive concerns ex-ante and ex-post-merger. Unlike other competition jurisdictions in Southeast-Asia, the Malaysia Competition Act 2010 contains no merger control provision, which empowers the Malaysian competition authority to block any merger that has the effect of substantially lessening competition. The studies on how other countries evaluated the Uber-Grab merger could assist Malaysia’s competition authority to regulate the future behaviour of the big digital platform in the Malaysian market. This article was written based on research that relies on both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include statutory provisions on competition, decision, proposed decision, interim measures, and others. while secondary sources include journal articles, news, internet resources, and others. The article also adopts a comparative approach in order to analyse the approaches and measures taken by the various merger control regimes in Southeast Asia in dealing with the Uber-Grab’s merger.
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Yu, Ning, Mao Jian Wang, Zhen Bo Lu, Fan Li, and Ming Liang Zhang. "Shellfish Aquaculture Management of Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea Coast of China - An Ecological-Economic Modeling Approach." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1647.
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In order to better manage shellfish aquaculture, a fifty-year variability in shellfish production in Jiaozhou Bay was quantitatively simulated with the Modeling Approach to Resource economics decision-maKing in EcoaquaculTure (MARKET) which is a scenario-testing tool linking economic and ecological analyses. Four scenarios were defined to assess the model sensitivity to per capita income growth rate, price growth rate and maximum cultivation area. Results indicate that the MARKET model follows the expected trends regarding the economic theory. And the shellfish supply is limited by the maximum cultivation area in the long run. However, a lower demand does not imply a corresponding decrease in net profit. Although price growth can make up for a partial loss caused by the reduction of available cultivation area, the compensatory measure cannot guarantee the increasing net profits of farmers in the long term. The information provides important implications for aquaculture management in the context of resource decline.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coast approach according to the price order"
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Suchomel, Jan. "Zjištění vlivu krnovského obchvatu na ceny RD nacházejících se v jeho bezprostřední blízkosti a dopad odklonu dopravy na cenu RD v centru města." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232655.
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The Master’s thesis „Determination of the Impact of Krnov Bypass on Prices of Detached Houses in its Close Proximity and the Effect of Traffic Diversion on Detached House Prices“ has as one’s task a determination of the influences of a by-pass road on the prices of family houses. In pursuance of this task it has been used several kinds of the valuation methods, as for example the cost approach according to the price order, the comparative method according to the price order and the comparative method Standard unit market price (non-promulgation). In the conclusion of the Master’s thesis there is a separate determination of the influence of the by-pass road on the prices of the family houses, which are located in its neighbourhood and the impact of a deflection on the prices of the family houses in Krnov city centre.
Book chapters on the topic "Coast approach according to the price order"
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Sima, Violeta, and Ileana Georgiana Gheorghe. "Customer Satisfaction in the Consumption of Green Products." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 59–92. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2139-6.ch004.
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This chapter aimed to identify those factors that determine the green consumer satisfaction, having as the emerging point the consumer behavior definition and the sustainable development concept. The authors propose a new approach of the dimensions of the evaluation model for customer satisfaction including a new one, called The Green Dimension. An important goal was identifying the drivers of the consumer purchasing. The authors identified three main areas of the green dimension of customer satisfaction. They are related to Company, Product/service, and Price. Then some considerations regarding an integrated approach of strategic mix from a ‘green' perspective have been presented. According to research from Boston Consulting Group, in order to obtain a Green Advantage, companies should enhance their strategic mix taking into considerations green planning, green processes, green product, and green promotion. The authors added two more elements, namely people and eco-efficiency, resulting “The Green Strategy Mix”.
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Sima, Violeta, and Ileana Georgiana Gheorghe. "Green Customer Satisfaction." In Green Business, 153–80. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7915-1.ch008.
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This chapter aims to identify those factors that determine green consumer satisfaction, having as the emerging point the definition of consumer behavior and the concept of sustainable development. The authors propose a new approach of the dimensions of the evaluation model for customer satisfaction including a new one, called The Green Dimension. An important goal is identifying the drivers of the consumer purchasing. The authors identify three main specific levels of the green dimension of customer satisfaction. They are related to: Company, Product/Service, and Price. Then some considerations regarding an integrated approach of strategic mix from a ‘green' perspective are presented. According to the U.S. consultancy Boston Consulting Group, in order to obtain a Green Advantage, companies should enhance their strategic mix, taking into consideration green planning, green processes, green product and green promotion. The authors add two more elements, namely people and eco-efficiency, resulting “The Green Strategy Mix”.
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Sima, Violeta, and Ileana Georgiana Gheorghe. "Customer Satisfaction in the Consumption of Green Products." In Green Business, 1161–94. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7915-1.ch057.
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This chapter aimed to identify those factors that determine the green consumer satisfaction, having as the emerging point the consumer behavior definition and the sustainable development concept. The authors propose a new approach of the dimensions of the evaluation model for customer satisfaction including a new one, called The Green Dimension. An important goal was identifying the drivers of the consumer purchasing. The authors identified three main areas of the green dimension of customer satisfaction. They are related to Company, Product/service, and Price. Then some considerations regarding an integrated approach of strategic mix from a ‘green' perspective have been presented. According to research from Boston Consulting Group, in order to obtain a Green Advantage, companies should enhance their strategic mix taking into considerations green planning, green processes, green product, and green promotion. The authors added two more elements, namely people and eco-efficiency, resulting “The Green Strategy Mix”.
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Sima, Violeta, and Ileana Georgiana Gheorghe. "Green Customer Satisfaction." In Green Economic Structures in Modern Business and Society, 61–86. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8219-1.ch004.
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This chapter aims to identify those factors that determine green consumer satisfaction, having as the emerging point the definition of consumer behavior and the concept of sustainable development. The authors propose a new approach of the dimensions of the evaluation model for customer satisfaction including a new one, called The Green Dimension. An important goal is identifying the drivers of the consumer purchasing. The authors identify three main specific levels of the green dimension of customer satisfaction. They are related to: Company, Product/Service, and Price. Then some considerations regarding an integrated approach of strategic mix from a ‘green' perspective are presented. According to the U.S. consultancy Boston Consulting Group, in order to obtain a Green Advantage, companies should enhance their strategic mix, taking into consideration green planning, green processes, green product and green promotion. The authors add two more elements, namely people and eco-efficiency, resulting “The Green Strategy Mix”.
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Papadopoulos, Gerassimos. "Tsunamis." In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0031.
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According to Imamura (1937: 123), the term tunami or tsunami is a combination of the Japanese word tu (meaning a port) and nami (a long wave), hence long wave in a harbour. He goes on to say that the meaning might also be defined as a seismic sea-wave since most tsunamis are produced by a sudden dip-slip motion along faults during major earthquakes. Other submarine or coastal phenomena, however, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, and gas escapes, are also known to cause tsunamis. According to Van Dorn (1968), ‘tsunami’ is the Japanese name for the gravity wave system formed in the sea following any large-scale, short-duration disturbance of the free surface. Tsunamis fall under the general classification of long waves. The length of the waves is of the order of several tens or hundreds of kilometres and tsunamis usually consist of a series of waves that approach the coast with periods ranging from 5 to 90 minutes (Murty 1977). Some commonly used terms that describe tsunami wave propagation and inundation are illustrated in Figure 17.2. Because of the active lithospheric plate convergence, the Mediterranean area is geodynamically characterized by significant volcanism and high seismicity as discussed in Chapters 15 and 16 respectively. Furthermore, coastal and submarine landslides are quite frequent and this is partly in response to the steep terrain of much of the basin (Papadopoulos et al. 2007a). Tsunamis are among the most remarkable phenomena associated with earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides in the Mediterranean basin. Until recently, however, it was widely believed that tsunamis either did not occur in the Mediterranean Sea, or they were so rare that they did not pose a threat to coastal communities. Catastrophic tsunamis are more frequent on Pacific Ocean coasts where both local and transoceanic tsunamis have been documented (Soloviev 1970). In contrast, large tsunami recurrence in the Mediterranean is of the order of several decades and the memory of tsunamis is short-lived. Most people are only aware of the extreme Late Bronge Age tsunami that has been linked to the powerful eruption of Thera volcano in the south Aegean Sea (Marinatos 1939; Chapter 15).
Conference papers on the topic "Coast approach according to the price order"
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Zohrabian, Angineh, Mohammad Mansouri Majoumerd, Mohammad Soltanieh, and Øystein Arild. "Techno-Economic Comparative Study on Hydrogen and Electricity Cogeneration Systems With CO2 Capture." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59433.
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In order to achieve the international climate goals and to keep the global temperature increase below 2 °C, carbon capture and storage in large point sources of CO2 emissions has received considerable attention. In recent years, mitigation of CO2 emissions from the power sector has been studied extensively whereas other industrial point source emitters such as hydrogen industry have also great potential for CO2 abatement. This study aims to draw an updated comparison between different hydrogen and power cogeneration systems using natural gas and coal as feedstock. The goal is to show the relative advantage of cogeneration systems with respect to CO2 emission reduction costs. Accordingly, the Reference Case is selected as a large-scale H2 production system with CO2 venting using natural gas based on steam methane reforming. In this work, H2 and electricity cogeneration with CO2 capture based on auto-thermal reforming of natural gas has been simulated using ASPEN Plus™, while the cost and performance indicators for the plant based on steam methane reforming of natural gas and the coal-based plants have been adopted from the literature. Using a consistent approach, different plants are compared techno-economically. A sensitivity analysis has also been performed with variation in the most important input parameters including natural gas price (2–8 $/GJ), coal price (1–4 $/GJ), electricity price (30–90 $/MWh) and capacity factors (85–50%) and the results are presented here. The results demonstrate that the total efficiency of the system is slightly higher in natural gas-based systems than in coal-based systems. The results also indicate that although H2 production cost increases with power cogeneration and CO2 capture, cogeneration is a promising and attractive alternative for clean power generation. The highest sensitivity of the results has been observed for the fuel price.
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Zhang, Qunli, Lin Fu, Lihua Li, and Hongfa Di. "The Energy Efficiency and Economic Feasibility Analysis of the Distributed Absorption Cooling Combined With District Heating System." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90070.
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The distributed absorption cooling based district heating system was investigated in order to utilizing the reject heat from the combined heat and power (CHP) plant in summer. Compared with the electric compressor cooling, the energy efficient and cost-effectiveness of the distributed absorption cooling were furthermore analyzed by the Fuel Energy Saving Ratio (FESR) method. The sensitivity of some variables, such as the average electric efficiency, heating and electric generation efficiency of the CHP system, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the chiller, were analyzed. The marginal heating price of the distributed absorption cooling can be obtained. According to the evaluation results, the applicability of the distributed cooling with district heating system is limited by the lower energy efficiency and economical benefits. The approaches to increase the energy efficiency were suggested in this paper. The improved distributed absorption cooling combined with liquid desiccant dehumidification which has higher heating utilization efficiency was put forward and analyzed, and the energy efficiency evaluation results showed that the improved distributed cooling has higher energy efficiency and economical benefits, and great applicability.
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Li, Hongtao, Meinrad Burer, Franc¸ois Marechal, Daniel Favrat, Guolian Hou, Bao-Heng Zhang, and Zhi-Ping Song. "Multi-Criteria Optimization of Pulverized Fuel Coal-Fired Power Generation System Load Dispatching." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40155.
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With a given power demand pattern supplied by a set of pulverized fuel coal-fired (PC) power generation units at various locations, different power dispatching solutions will result in different fuel consumptions, CO2 emissions, and power generation costs. This is due to the performance differences of their shut-down and start-up processes as well as those under the operational conditions, and to fuel prices differences between different power stations. In this paper, a methodology characterized with a multi-objective optimization approach based on a fast evolutionary algorithm is employed to optimize the daily total power generation operating cost and the daily total CO2 emissions. The shut down and start-up processes are divided into 7 sub-operations: load-decreasing, shutdown, boiler ignition preparation, ignition-warming up, connecting to grid, load-increasing and stabilization process, according to their characteristics in order to calculate the fuel consumptions, the CO2 emissions and the cost. Available data have been used to derive the models that characterize the emission and cost performances of typical PC units as well as their rating and partial load performances [1]. From the results of the multi-objective optimization, the so called Pareto Optimal Frontiers (POFs) are used to evaluate the effect of CO2 tax on the optimal power dispatching solutions. The influence of SO2 tax on the CO2 abatement marginal cost is also analyzed.
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Basso, Davide, and Carlo Cravero. "A Numerical Simulation Approach for Atmospheric Pollution Evolution at Urban Scale to Help Traffic Control Decision Making." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82028.
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For a town with complex orography and frequently varying winds, like Genova on the Italian Northern coast, the need for a simulation environment to predict the pollutant evolution according to a given traffic load, would be of utmost importance. A simulation approach based on 3D CFD has been developed keeping in mind the final application: it use for decision making. Several meshes have been set up and their effects on the solution evaluated in order to strike a balance between the quality of physical modelling and the computational resources required to handle it. The aim is that of getting useful results in a short timescale (one/two days). The evolution of the 3D flow and the pollutants has been simulated for two reference days with a time resolution of one hour. The effect of the daily evolution of the wind, heat release and pollution emission (traffic) over 24 hours is highlighted and discussed.
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Oliveros, Francisco, John Malpartida, Alberto Melo, Christian Rosario, and Marcos Mecatti. "Practical Cases: Geohazards on RoW Generated by Third Party Damage." In ASME-ARPEL 2021 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2021-65012.
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Abstract Camisea Pipeline Transportation System (PTS) in Peru, owned by Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TGP) and operated by Compañía Operadora de Gas (COGA), begins in the Amazon rainforest, crosses the Andes Mountains (4850msnm) and finally descends towards the Pacific coast. The PTS has been operating for more than 10 years and it has Natural Gas (NG) and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) transportation pipelines. The NG pipeline is 888km long which includes two Loops (105km and 18km in the coast and mountain sectors, respectively). NGL pipeline is 557km long. From the beginning (0 km) to 210 km, the Right of Way (RoW) is located in the geotechnical context of the Amazon rainforest. Then, between km 210 and km 420, the PTS crosses the mountain chain of the Andes. Finally, between km 420 and Km 730 the RoW is located on the Peruvian Pacific coast. TGP’s operation of the PTS identifies, analyzes and controls the different types of threats that can affect the integrity of the pipelines. The operation is developed according to international standards defined in the Pipeline Integrity Management (PIM) of the operation. Consequently, hazards such as Third Party Damage (TPD), geohazard, external and internal corrosion, among others, are analyzed. However, associated to the economic growth and development of Peru, there have been some cases where the intervention of a person, community or industrial activity in the surroundings of the RoW has resulted in the level of geohazards are spontaneously modified and activated. Consequently, the degree of stability of the RoW is necessary to analyze the integrity of the NG and NGL pipelines. This article describes the occurrence of some practical cases where there was a change in the stability of the RoW of the TGP’s PTS triggered by activities related to TPD. It is highlighted that the identification, analysis, definition and execution of mitigation actions are carried out in a transversal way which involves the participation of different operational areas such as: Integral Maintenance, Geotechnics, Integrity, Social Management, among others. All the activities are done with the approach of keeping the balance between community, environment and infrastructure. Some of the cases considered are: Flood and scour of the RoW triggered by the failure of a water tank in an industrial area, scour of channels due the obstructions and an unstable slope process generated by constructions near the RoW. Today, the operation develops activities in order to mitigate geohazards generated by TPD. Some of these activities are, among others: Social awareness, technical talks, agreements with industrial and local administration entities, geotechnical maintenance and monitoring. In addition, it is highlighted that all the mentioned mitigation actions are carried out in a transversal manner between different operational areas. Afterward, the collected information is properly saved in the Geographic Information System database.
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Nishigochi, Ryo, Hiroaki Eto, Koji Iizuka, Tomoki Ikoma, Yasuhiro Aida, and Koichi Masuda. "A Fundamental Study on Plastic Strain Accompanying Deformation in Large-Scale Floating Coal Transshipment Station." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18962.
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Abstract Indonesia is the main country supplying coal in the Asia-Pacific region, and in order to secure a stable supply of coal to neighboring countries, efficient coal transportation is required. East Kalimantan Island in Indonesia is the main coal-producing area, but the sea around the island is very shallow and bulk carriers for transporting coal cannot approach the coast. And then, Large-scale Floating Transposition Station for Loading Coal (hereafter LFTS) was proposed, which will be used as a transposition station between small coal barge coming down the river and bulk carriers that stays offshore. LFTS has a two-dimensional extent, and because the bulkheads for separating coal according to quality are installed on the floating body, the rigidity is partially different, and the draft also changes greatly according to the coal loading condition. In this way, LFTS has different characteristics from Mega-Float, which was built in Japan in the late 1990s with the aim of realizing a floating airport, so it is important to clarify its structural characteristics. In order to grasp the stress distribution acting on the structural member in consideration of the influence of the interaction between the overall deformation and the local deformation of LFTS, an analysis in which the entire structure is modeled in detail is desired. However, because members such as the internal bulkheads are arranged in a complicated manner in LFTS, a model in which the entire structure is modeled in detail requires enormous calculation costs in both capacity and time, it is difficult to perform the analysis. In existing research, various models have been studied, but there remains a problem in setting boundary conditions that reproduce the interaction between global and local deformations. And then, in this paper, a new modeling method of LFTS that can be analyzed efficiently was proposed. And the occurrence of stress concentration in the structural members of the LFTS was identified by systematically changing the external force conditions such as the coal loading condition and wave load assumed during the operation of the LFTS, and performing LFTS oscillation analysis and stress deformation analysis. Furthermore, the occurrence of plastic strain due to large deformation was investigated. The stiffening method that efficiently suppresses the occurrence of plastic strain was studied for the locations where the plastic strain was identified by the above analysis. These results demonstrate the importance of modeling large floating structures with complex structures.
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Trubat, Pau, Jesús Bairan, Adrián Yagüe, and Climent Molins. "WindCrete Fatigue Verification." In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7564.
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Abstract WindCrete is an offshore concrete spar type platform for Wind Turbines developed at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech. The main characteristics of the platform are its monolithic configuration and the use of concrete as main material. The monolithic nature allows avoiding joints between the substructure and the tower increasing the service life of the structure. The use of concrete increases the resistance when exposed to an offshore environment but requires ensuring a full compression state along the structure to avoid cracking. Thus, the platform is post-tensioned by longitudinal tendons along its length. Adequate fatigue design is a key factor to ensure the reliability of offshore structures. Floating Offshore Wind Turbines are subjected to cyclic phenomena coming from waves, wind, rotor-induced vibrations and structural vibrations. These loads have to be considered in order to assess the fatigue life of offshore structures. Furthermore, pre-stressed concrete adds an internal load such that it avoids the presence of tension stresses at any given section, which has a positive influence on the fatigue response of the structure by increasing its fatigue resistance. An excess of compression can, however, also induce an adverse effect on the fatigue resistance of the concrete. In order to study the fatigue behaviour of WindCrete when fitted with a 5MW Wind Turbine, a Fatigue Limit State verification is performed according to the DNVGL-ST-0437 for load cases definition and FIB Model Code (2010) for fatigue structural verification. The location chosen to install WindCrete is the Gulf de Lion, at the west of the Mediteranian Sea off the coast of Catalunya with a mean wind speed above 9 m/s. The metocean conditions for design purpose are presented, which are obtained from available environmental data. A total of 458 simulation cases are performed using the NREL FAST software assuming wind and wave co-directionally, and quasi-static mooring response for Parked and Power-Production operational modes. Assuming an elastic response of the tower, the internal stresses at the tower base are obtained for all the simulations. Then, a fatigue analysis is performed at the tower base through a cumulative damage approach based on the Palmgren-Miner rule. The analysis accounted for the multiaxial stresses produced by the combination of axial, bending and tangential forces. The S-N material curves were defined according to the Model Code 2010 method, which accounts for the effect of the stress range as well as the average stress.