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Journal articles on the topic 'Coast defense'
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1
Anton, A. I., J. L. Almazan, A. Lechuga, and J. M. De la Pena. "Geosystems as an alternative to conventional coastal defense." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2015): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v3i1.5019.
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In recent decades, the increase in population on the coast, growth of erosion in many coastal stretches and the sea level rise, due to climate change, have led governments to invest more in protecting the coast. Geosystems have been shown as an alternative to conventional coastal structures because of cost reduction, efficiency of construction and speed of implementation. However this alternative leads to increase knowledge in their behavior, design and durability by the lack of suitable materials to withstand large storms, high diversity of non-standard methods or techniques and ease of degradation by vandalism.
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Semenenko, O., O. Vodchyts, M. Polivoda, T. Akinina, and R. Burtovy. "METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF INITIAL DATA FOR EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF SEA DEFENSE OF THE SEA COAST." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 14 (January 25, 2021): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.14.1.69-75.
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The article presents a method for determining and substantiating the options of the initial data system for assessing the effectiveness against the ship’s defense of the sea coast, taking into account the differences of opinion of experts. Keywords: anti-ship defense, grouping of ships, naval forces.
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Khomicky, Vitalii V., Volodymyr A. Voskoboinick, Anatolii G. Kharchenko, Oleksandr A. Voskoboinyk, Lidiia M. Tereshchenko, Andrey V. Voskoboinick, and Ivan A. Nikitin. "Defense of beach by active coast-protecting structures." Environmental safety and natural resources 32, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.4.60-77.
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Frandsen, Peter A., and U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Historical Division. "United States Coast Defense, 1775-1950: A Bibliography." Military Affairs 50, no. 2 (April 1986): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1987812.
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Kabanov, Alexander N. "On the Questions of the Validity and Expediency of the Defense of the Azov Coast by Parts of the 17th Cossack Cavalry Corps in the Spring - Summer of 1942." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 4 (December 27, 2023): 56–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-4-56-86.
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In the light of the emergence of new views on the problem, an attempt was made to study issues related to the validity of the decision of the Soviet command on the antiamphibious defense of the eastern coast of the Sea of Azov in April - July 1942 and the expediency of its implementation by parts of the cavalry unit. The achievement of these goals is ensured by solving the introducing new documents into circulation, to analyze the facts of the existence of a real danger of enemy naval and (or) airborne landings on the eastern coast of the Sea of Azov in the spring - summer of 1942. It turns out whom and what decisions were made on the defense of the specified area, the forces and means designed to ensure the fulfillment of the assigned tasks. The circumstances that contributed to the choice of a cavalry unit for the antiamphibious cover of the Azov coast are being established. At the time of the decision at the end of April 1942 and until the end of July 1942, the preventive measures of the Soviet command for the antiamphibious defense of the Azov coast were dictated by the objective situation and were completely justified. It was also expedient to select the 17th Cossack Cavalry Corps to carry out this task.
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SEDANO, FRANCISCO, MARTA FLORIDO, IOANNIS RALLIS, FREE ESPINOSA, and VASILIS GEROVASILEIOU. "Comparing sessile benthos on shallow artificial versus natural hard substrates in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 4 (May 3, 2019): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.17897.
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Artificial structures cover a considerable part of the Mediterranean coasts. In the Aegean Sea, most studies related to artificial structures have focused in vagile fauna on harbors and marinas but little attention has been given to the sessile biota on coastal defense structures. The aim of this work was to describe for the first time the shallow sublittoral sessile benthos on coastal defense structures in Crete (Eastern Mediterranean Sea) in order to identify potential differences in comparison to natural rocky substrates, adopting both a taxonomic and functional (i.e. macroalgal structural complexity) approach. Three shallow (1-3 m) localities were studied in the north coast and three in the south coast of the island (six localities in total). At each locality, two types of hard substrate were selected: an artificial coastal defense structure (rip-rap) and the nearest natural rocky substrates. The percent cover of sessile taxa was calculated using random points counts over photoquadrats (20 x 20 cm). The structure of the assemblage differed between artificial and natural habitats. Values of Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index and number of taxa were higher in natural substrates. In addition, cover of arborescent macroalgae was lower on artificial substrates. In conclusion, rip-raps do not function as surrogates of natural hard substrates in the study area since their shallow subtidal assemblages differ in terms of community structure, diversity and functionality. The deficient performance of such artificial structures could be attributed to the combined effects of abiotic factors and biotic processes, including substrate nature and roughness as well as differential grazing pressure.
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Foti, Giandomenico, Giuseppe Barbaro, Giovanni Besio, Giuseppina Chiara Barillà, Pierluigi Mancuso, and Pierfabrizio Puntorieri. "Wave Climate along Calabrian Coasts." Climate 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10060080.
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The wave climate is highly variable temporally and spatially, depending mainly on the atmospheric conditions and on fetch extensions. Wave climate is one of the main causes of coastal erosion processes, together with anthropogenic pressure and with coastal and river sedimentary balance. Therefore, a detailed spatial and temporal knowledge of wave climate is very important in managing coastal areas and in planning coastal defense works. This paper describes an analysis of the wave climate carried out along the Calabrian coasts in over 50 areas, each of them covering an average of 15 km of coastline. For each area, over 40 years of wave data were analyzed to calculate over 20 parameters, representative of annual and seasonal average and maximum wave conditions. The large number of areas is related to the geomorphological and climatic complexity of Calabria. This analysis mainly highlighted that the two Ionian and Tyrrhenian coasts are very different from the wave climate point of view. Indeed, the Ionian coast is heavier in ordinary wave conditions, while the Tyrrhenian coast is heavier in extreme wave conditions.
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Fadel, Dr Fatima Hussein. "Japanese presence in Djibouti." Thi Qar Arts Journal 2, no. 40 (December 27, 2022): 140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i40.374.
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Features of change and developments appeared in the Japanese security and defense policy at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as Japan exceeded the restrictions it had committed to for decades. Which appeared off the coast of Somalia for the years (2008-2011), which the Japanese government took as a means to make gradual changes in its security and defense policy and succeeded in legislating laws and decisions aimed at strengthening the Self-Defense Forces and developing their capabilities and arming them, as well as expanding the construction of its base in Djibouti, which indicates the intentions The Japanese government maintained its military presence (the Self-Defense Forces) in Djibouti, despite the decline in piracy.
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Setijawati, Vera Wheni. "Reclaiming Jakarta's North Coast: Perspectives from the Defense, Security, and Constitutional Aspects." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 47, no. 2 (July 2, 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol47.no2.1453.
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Indonesia’s sea territory is particularly important in uniting the country, as the sea is a medium for interconnectivity; a medium for national integrity; a medium for resources; a medium for diplomacy; and a medium for national defense and security. This paper will focus on the sea’s significance to Indonesia’s national unity in its role as a medium for interconnecting the country’s many islands, and the implications thereof to Indonesia’s national security and defense. This paper will within this context discuss in particular the reclamation of Jakarta’s north coast. This research applies a normative empirical methodology, and intends to provide a scientific basis for the argument that as Jakarta’s coastline is crucial in terms of national defense and security matters, the coastline should therefore be managed by a state agency and remain publicly accessible.
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Dreyfous-Duoas, M. Dreyfous-Duoas. "SEA-DEFENSE PROBLEMS - SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF SOME STRUCTURES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 5 (January 29, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v5.36.
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Considering the studies which have been published and the tests which have been made on models in past years, the author analyzes the reasons of failure or success on various defense works against the action of the sea. Groins and dry-wall breakwaters built since 1830 in the southwest of France are discussed.
Discussed first are the cases where the failure of the structure resulted from the nature of the construction. Structures of wood, masonry shell, and reinforced concrete are discussed, with solid masonry being considered as the most durable. Next these same types of construction are considered from the standpoint of their cross section. For groins, some permeability to sand is desirable; for dry wall breakwaters, a. small reflection of the waves is effective in causing a flattening of the beach. A flat rough slope is desirable as the face of a breakwater. Low permeability is also desirable.
With regard to the general layout of structures, the danger of long groins in the vicinity of channels , and of open type construction with longitudinal structures is shown.
The attention of engineers is directed to the importance of the ends of structures where the most critical conditions often, occur. In conclusion, construction features which are effective on a sandy coast are shown, and the difficult problems of a clay soil coast are considered.
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Cho, In-sung. "The Appearance of Heuksu Malgal and Silla’s East Coast Defense." Journal of Humanities 51 (May 31, 2022): 413–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35559/tjoh.51.11.
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Pérez Lizán, Braulio. "Historia y Estado de Conservación de las torres Vigías y Defensivas del litoral de Murcia." Imafronte, no. 26 (January 16, 2020): 183–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/imafronte.347671.
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El presente artículo realiza un análisis y estudio de las múltiples torres localizadas en las costas de la Región de Murcia utilizadas para la defensa y vigilancia de las poblaciones costeras ante posibles amenazas. Se tienen en cuenta tanto las fortificaciones construidas por los concejos municipales como aquellas de uso y propiedad privada.
Para este fin, dentro del contexto histórico que dio origen a su construcción se realiza una exhaustiva descripción de las características que debían presentar para maximizar su utilidad ante los peligros marítimos, así como las continuas reparaciones y obras que sufrieron a lo largo del tiempo hasta que las desapariciones de las amenazas provenientes del mar sumieron en el abandono y destrucción a la mayoría de ellas.
Finalmente, se presenta el análisis de los estados actuales de conservación y preservación de las fortificaciones que aún se conservan en la Región de Murcia. Con el objetivo de proteger y dar a conocer a las torres como bienes patrimoniales que deben de ser conservados y custodiados. Estas torres son tratadas como un vestigio de fenómenos pasados que no sólo afectaron a la zona litoral de Murcia, sino también a toda la costa del Mar Mediterráneo.
Palabras Clave: Torre, Corsarios, Defensa, Conservación, Patrimonio Cultural. In this article, both the fortifications built by the local councils that governed the territory of the old Murcia and those of private use and property are analyses. Beside, these towers are located on the coastline of the Region of Murcia where they were used for the defense and surveillance of the coast in case of any threat.
For this reason, the historical context that caused the building of these defense systems, among other architectonical elements, are explained as well as the characteristics that such towers should have had in order to maximize their usefulness in case of maritime hazard. Moreover the continuous repairs and constructions that they suffered over time until the disappearance of sea threats are illustrated.
Finally, it is important to consider the current estate of conservation and preservation of the fortifications that still survive in the Region of Murcia. In order to protect the public buildings as a cultural and heritage asset that must be preserved and protected. The towers are treated as a remnant of past event that not only affected the littoral zone of Murcia, but also all the coast of the Mediterranean sea.
Key words: Tower, Corsairs, Defence, Preservation, Heritage.
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Huang, Wei-Po, Jui-Chan Hsu, Chun-Shen Chen, and Chun-Jhen Ye. "The Study of the Coastal Management Criteria Based on Risk Assessmeant: A Case Study on Yunlin Coast, Taiwan." Water 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080988.
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In this study, we used the natural and anthropogenic characteristics of a coastal region to generate risk maps showing vulnerability and potential hazards, and proposed design criteria for coastal defense and land use for the various kinds of risks faced. The Yunlin coast, a first-level protection area in mid-west Taiwan, was then used as an example to illustrate the proposed design criteria. The safety of the present coastal defenses and land use of the Yunlin coastal area was assessed, and coastal protection measures for hazard prevention were proposed based on the generated risk map. The results can be informative for future coastal management and the promotion of sustainable development of coastal zones.
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Komzolova, Anna. "PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN STRATEGY IN THE CRIMEAN WAR 1853-1856." Istoriya: Informatsionno-analiticheskii Zhurnal, no. 4 (2022): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rhist/2022.04.05.
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The review examines the studies of modern Russian historians devoted to the strategy of the Russian command during the Crimean War. The authors analyze various aspects of this topic related to the strategic planning in various theaters of the war operation. In particular they discuss plans of the Russian command of the defense of the Baltic Sea coast from the landing of English and French troops, of the blockade of the Turkish fortress Kars in the 1855 Caucasian campaign. Also negative assessments of the role of A.S. Menshikov in the defense of Sevastopol are subject to revision.
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Deidda, M., C. Musa, and G. Vacca. "A GIS OF SARDINIA'S COASTAL DEFENSE SYSTEM (XVI – XVIII CENTURY)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W7 (June 30, 2015): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w7-17-2015.
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The use of GIS as a tool for archival, analysis and representation of geographic information has become significantly popular in many scientific fields that are directly concerned with the "territory" as their object of study. The field of application of GIS, however, has expanded also in other areas, such as those related to humanities and architecture, in which the territory is studied in an "indirect" mode because it constitutes a kind of substrate on which to develop a specific spatial analysis for particular purposes. Among these areas are to be included certainly archeology and restoration, fields in which the GIS has become a useful tool for historical studies. In this work we present a GIS developed for the study of the historical and territorial coastal defense system of Sardinia (16<sup>th</sup> – 18<sup>th</sup> century), in order to respond to the need to store, analyze and efficiently manage the information regarding cultural heritage and landscape heritage such as that consisting of the coastal defensive towers of Sardinia. This defensive system, in fact, was composed by over 100 towers positioned around the entire coastal perimeter of Sardinia, of which more than 90 still exist today. Their position was planned on the basis of the following criteria:<br> - Warning the neighboring towers about the sighting of enemy ships<br> - Protecting coasts located near the towns<br> - Monitoring the water sources near the coast<br> - Allowing for the full visibility of the coasts of any morphology<br> With this study we also verified, through the use of high resolution and high accuracy DTM (LiDAR) and the topographic databases, whether the positioning criteria specified in the design of the system were respected and effective.
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Costa, Sandra, and Carlos Coelho. "Northwest Coast of Portugal – Past behavior and future coastal defense options." Journal of Coastal Research 65 (January 2, 2013): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si65-156.1.
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Ganchrow, Raviv. "Perspectives on Sound-Space: The Story of Acoustic Defense." Leonardo Music Journal 19 (December 2009): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj.2009.19.71.
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The late 1920s yielded the development and construction of several large-scale “sound mirrors,” along the southeastern coast of Britain, aimed at intercepting sounds of approaching aircraft outside the visual range. A central mode in the design of these long-range listening devices emphasizes a sonic paradigm in which frequencies are considered in terms of corresponding physical sizes. By examining the case of the sound mirrors as a formative moment within the broader reconfiguration of listening habits, the author attempts to locate a shift in the grasp of space that occurs when an optic model of viewing is replaced with an acoustic model of listening, exposing a condition in which the close-at-hand and the far-off momentarily coincide.
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Sims, Robert. "Harth, Ed., Last Witness - Reflections On Th Wartime Internment Of Japanese American." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.30.1.52-53.
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Immediately after September 11, 2001, many compared that event with Pearl Harbor and its aftermath, when all persons of Japanese ancestry living on the West Coast of the United States were imprisoned. Did national security require such action and, is it necessary, in the current situation, to take similar measures against persons with connections to a perceived enemy? A recent publication argues that the imprisonment of Japanese Americans in 1942 was justified and that similar measures should be taken today in defense of the country. (See Michelle Malkin, in Defense of Internment: The Case/or "Racial Profiling" in World War JI and the War on Terror, 2004.)
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Kuai, Yu, Jianfeng Tao, Zaiyang Zhou, Stefan Aarninkhof, and Zheng Bing Wang. "Sediment Characteristics and Intertidal Beach Slopes along the Jiangsu Coast, China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030347.
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Tidal flats play an important role in promoting coastal biodiversity, defense against flooding, land reclamation and recreation. Many coastal tidal flats, especially the tide-dominant ones, are muddy. However, the number of studies on the profile shape and surficial sediment distribution of muddy tidal flats is small compared to sandy beaches. Based on high spatial-resolution measurements along the tide-dominant Jiangsu Coast, China, we analyzed the morphology and sediment characteristics of the unvegetated intertidal flats along the Jiangsu Coast. The Jiangsu Coast can be divided into an eroding northern part (north coast) and an accreting southern part (south coast). The beach slope of the north coast shows a southward flattening trend, apart from some outliers related to rocky parts of the coastline. We found alternating very fine and coarse sediment (depending on the local clay content) for different locations along the north coast, which can be explained from consolidation and armoring-induced erosion resistance. In the south coast, we found gradual coarsening of bed surface sediment and gradual flattening of beach slopes to the south. This seemingly unexpected pattern is explained by the flood-dominant current causing landward sediment transport, larger tidal range in the south part, sheltering effect of the Radial Sand Ridges, and contribution of different sediment sources, viz. the Abandoned Yellow River Delta and the Radial Sand Ridges. In the cross-shore direction, the sediment grain size decreases landward. Waves are only of secondary importance for the sediment dynamics at the unvegetated tidal flats along the Jiangsu Coast.
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Palar, Amanda Mary Kartika, Beni Rudiawan, and Buddy Suseto. "Empowerment of Coastal Communities as a Component of Sea Dimension Reserves in Support of Indonesia's Maritime Defense." AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v2i1.300.
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Geographically, Indonesia has the longest coastline in both Asia and the world. This makes coastal areas vulnerable to various crimes, especially those using the sea and the coast as an alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen through community empowerment in coastal areas as part of the duties of the Indonesian Navy as written in RI Law Number 34 of 2004 Article 9 (e), which is to maximize its role in empowering maritime defense areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the empowerment of coastal communities carried out by the Indonesian Navy in supporting Indonesia's maritime defense strategy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The result of this research is that by empowering coastal communities as Komcad Matra Laut, in addition to increasing Indonesia's maritime defense, it can also improve welfare and human resources in coastal areas. Defense and the economy support each other so that peace and prosperity can be created for the Indonesian people. Suggestions from this study are that synergy between the Indonesian Navy and the City and Provincial Governments is needed in empowering coastal communities as Marine Command Command in supporting Indonesia's maritime defense.
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Postacchini, Matteo, Luciano Soldini, Carlo Lorenzoni, and Alessandro Mancinelli. "Medium-term dynamics of a middle Adriatic barred beach." Ocean Science 13, no. 5 (September 18, 2017): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-13-719-2017.
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Abstract. In recent years, attention has been paid to beach protection by means of soft and hard defenses. Along the Italian coast of the Adriatic Sea, sandy beaches are the most common landscape feature and around 70 % of the Marche region's coast (central Adriatic) is protected by defense structures. The longest free-from-obstacle nearshore area in the region includes the beach of Senigallia, frequently monitored in the last decades and characterized by a multiple bar system, which represents a natural beach defense. The bathymetries surveyed in 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 show long-term stability, confirmed by a good adaptation of an analyzed stretch of the beach to the Dean-type equilibrium profile, though a strong short- to medium-term variability of the wave climate has been observed during the monitored periods. The medium-term dynamics of the beach, which deal with the evolution of submerged bars and are of the order of years or seasons, have been related to the wave climate collected, during the analyzed temporal windows, by a wave buoy located about 40 km off Senigallia. An overall interpretation of the hydrodynamics, sediment characteristics and seabed morphology suggests that the wave climate is fundamental for the morphodynamic changes of the beach in the medium term. These medium-term time ranges during which waves mainly come from NNE/ESE are characterized by a larger/smaller steepness and by a larger/smaller relative wave height, and seem to induce seaward/shoreward bar migration as well as bar smoothing/steepening. Moving southeastward, the bar dimension increases, while the equilibrium profile shape suggests the adaptation to a decreasing sediment size in the submerged beach. This is probably due to the presence of both the harbor jetty and river mouth north of the investigated area.
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Das, Himangshu S., Kelly Burks-Copes, Robert C. Thomas, Coraggio Maglio, Tony Williams, Patrick C. Kerr, and Nicole Sunstrum. "OVERVIEW OF THE COASTAL TEXAS MEGA PROJECT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.59.
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The Texas Gulf coast is a complex system with numerous narrow inlets and broad back bays with intricate river and bayou networks. Due to its complex settings, the Texas coast is susceptible to extreme compound flooding due to fluvial, pluvial, and surge during hurricanes and tropical storms. Five of the top six largest tropical cyclone rainfall totals in the continental U.S. have occurred in Texas (USACE 2021a). The Texas coast is also one of the United States most dynamic regions in terms of population and economic growth. According to the Bureau of Economic Geology, twenty five percent of the population and thirty three percent of the economic resources of Texas are located along the 360 mile long coast. The objective of the Coastal Texas Study was to improve our capabilities to prepare for, resist, recover and adapt to extreme events. A “Multiple Lines of Defense” strategy was used in the Coastal Texas study to design cost-effective, environmentally friendly solutions that will reduce risks of storms impacting the coastal communities and restore important wildlife habitat at the same time.
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Weathers, Katherine, and Eric Reeves. "The Defense of the Great Lakes Against the Invasion of Nonindigenous Species in Ballast Water." Marine Technology and SNAME News 33, no. 02 (April 1, 1996): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1996.33.2.92.
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The Great Lakes is the first place where the United States has established a defense against the introduction of nonindigenous species carried in ballast water. U.S. regulations controlling the discharge of ballast from all vessels entering from outside the Exclusive Economic Zone into the Great Lakes went into effect in early 1993 and are enforced by the United States Coast Guard, with active assistance from the Canadians and the Seaway authorities. The Great Lakes are a unique, valuable, and sensitive resource which have already suffered significant damage from nonindigenous species and are under continuing threat from new invasions. The Great Lakes also have some unique defensive advantages because vessel traffic can be controlled at the Saint Lawrence Seaway and open ocean exchange with salt water can be used as a verifiable, reasonably cheap, and safe method for impeding the invasion of new freshwater species. However, more effective defenses are needed in order to prevent new invasions over the long term. Development of these new defenses will probably require engineering changes in ballast systems in all vessels engaged in transoceanic trade, whether going to fresh or saltwater ports.
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da Cruz, JF, and G. Calado. "Defense in shallow-water invertebrates at oceanic islands vs. the mainland coast." Aquatic Biology 15, no. 2 (May 15, 2012): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00411.
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Solnit, Rebecca, and Alex Fradkin. "Concrete in Paradise." Boom 1, no. 2 (2011): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2011.1.2.6.
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This essay documents and examines the remains of military bunkers along the California coast. These structures, monuments to the grim anticipation of war, appear to be intrusions upon the beauty of the landscape, but we might also view them as witnesses to the nation’s particular imagination of danger during the 20th Century, and more specifically, to California’s ever deepening relationship with the defense industry.
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Green, Matthew A. "The Future of Minimal Manning and Its Effects on the Acquisition and Life-Cycle Costs of Major Coast Guard Cutters." Marine Technology and SNAME News 36, no. 01 (January 1, 1999): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1999.36.1.55.
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Since the 1970's, the world's merchant fleets have been pursuing crew reductions as a way to cut costs: however, the United States military has been slow to adopt this trend. In the current age of tight budgets and defense cutbacks, the Coast Guard and Navy can no longer afford to continue in this manner. Both services have now initiated research and acquisition projects which address minimal manning. These projects must be carried out and minimal manning practices implemented if our sea going services are expected to maintain their edge as world leaders. This paper presents a study designed to research the quest for minimally manned crews and its applicability to military vessels. It is meant to provide guidance to the United States Coast Guard and other interested parties on future surface combatant acquisition projects including but not limited to the Coast Guard Deepwater Program. Emphasis is placed on the theory behind automation and the organizational impacts associated with minimal manning.
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De Rouville, A. "GENERAL REMARKS 0N THE FRENCH PRACTICE OF COASTAL DEFENSE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 5 (January 29, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v5.31.
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This paper discusses the following items:
(a) Relative complexity of the study and completion of coastal defense structures, (b) reasons for the frequent failure to execute such projects (insufficient resources and inadequacy of technique and studies} (o)areas of high priority, where projects must be completed due to the great urgency of the problem* (d) cause of the special difficulties found only in France (length of coast line, insufficient resources of the communities interested, results of world wars)} (e) essential characteristics of sea defense structures (longitudinal and latitudinal)} lay-out, talus slope, flexibility of revetment, making talus watertight, protection of upper and rear faces of longitudinal structures, length, cross section of jetties} (f) the extent to which these beneficial ideas have been properly understood in France} (g) choice of materials (density of stones, facings, reinforced concrete, asphalt), sacrifices to be accepted and (h)development of scale model studies.
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Kojima, Chie. "Maritime Law Enforcement in Japan." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 6, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340109.
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Abstract This paper discusses the roles and functions of the Japan Coast Guard and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force in maritime law enforcement. It analyzes practices of Japan’s maritime law enforcement in the prevention and punishment of piracy and armed robbery against ships, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, marine pollution, illegal immigration, and drug trafficking. It also examines cases of collaboration among different agencies at the domestic, regional and international levels.
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Davies, Philip. "COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND FIRST LINES OF DEFENSE IN AN AGE OF HYBRID WARFARE." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 6, no. 3 (January 31, 2024): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6401.
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On November 16, 2023, Prof. Philip Davies presented Counterintelligence and First Lines of Defense in an Age of Hybrid Warfare for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the relationship between Full Spectrum Conflict/Hybrid Warfare (FSC/HW) activities and counterintelligence (CI), especially with reference to the role of Foreign Intelligence Services (FIS) in delivering sub-threshold/grey zone operations, inconsistencies in current NATO counterintelligence thinking and professional practice, and the consequent difficulty adapting that CI theory and practice to meeting the CI aspects of the FSC/HW threat.
Received: 01-05-2024
Revised: 01-30-2024
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Mase, Hajime, Yuichiro Kimura, Yoshito Yamakawa, Tomohiro Yasuda, Nobuhito Mori, and Daniel Cox. "Were Coastal Defensive Structures Completely Broken by an Unexpectedly Large Tsunami? A Field Survey." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 1_suppl (March 2013): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000122.
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An Mw9.0 earthquake occurred in the Tohoku-oki area, Japan, at 14:46 local time on 11 March 2011. Tsunamis due to this earthquake were the largest in the recorded history of Japan and caused extensive damage to the eastern coast of Tohoku. In this study, a field survey of damage due to the extremely large tsunamis was carried out for 20 coastal areas along the Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures, focusing on damage to coastal structures and on whether these defense structures were broken completely or failed to perform some measure of tsunami protection. It was found that coastal structures failed locally, rather than entirely along a section of coastline. It is suggested that design conditions for coastal defense structures should be determined by taking into consideration topography, especially low-lying land areas behind structures.
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Liu, Shan, Xianwu Shi, Qiang Liu, Jun Tan, Yuxi Sun, Qingrong Liu, and Haoshuang Guo. "Warning water level determination and its spatial distribution in coastal areas of China." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-127-2023.
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Abstract. The warning water level is the default water level at which storm surges may occur along a coast and indicates a stage of alert. This level forms the basis for storm-surge forecasting, and prewarning is an important reference for governments and aids in the decision-making process for storm-surge prevention and disaster risk mitigation. The warning water level has four categories (blue, yellow, orange, and red) based on water level observational data. Taking into account the actual defense capability of the shore, we determined the warning water level by comprehensively analyzing factors, including the high water level at the typical return period of each shore section, wave exposure degree and defense capability of storm-surge protection facilities, and the shore-section importance level. Here, we proposed a quantitative method for determining the warning water level, and the application of this method was introduced by determining the warning water level at the shore section of Zhifu District (Yantai City, Shandong Province, China) as an example. We analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the warning water levels for 259 shore sections along the coast and revealed their current marine disaster prevention capabilities. Our findings provide a valid direction for determining future warning water levels and a reliable scientific reference for redetermining warning water levels in coastal areas while improving marine disaster prevention and protection capabilities.
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Farrokh, Kaveh, Javier Sánchez-Gracia, and Katarzyna Maksymiuk. "Caucasian Albanian Warriors in the Armies of pre-Islamic Iran." Historia i Świat, no. 8 (August 29, 2019): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2019.08.02.
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Albania, an ancient country in the Caucasus, was turned into a Sasanian province by Šāpūr I (c. 253). The Albanians became increasingly integrated into the battle order of the Iranian army (especially cavalry). All along the Caspian coast the Sasanians built powerful defense works, designed to bar the way to invaders from the north. The most celebrated of these fortifications are those of Darband in Caucasian Albania. Albania remained an integral part of the Sasanian Empire until the Arab conquest of Iran.
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Huang, Wei-Po, Chun-Jhen Ye, and Jui-Chan Hsu. "Forecasts of the Compound Coastal Erosion Risks Based on Time-Variant Assessment: A Case Study on Yunlin Coast, Taiwan." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114505.
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A coastal erosion risk assessment was framed as the basis for the intervention of coastal adaptation strategies under time-variant scenarios. The framework was devised to assess the influence of coastal erosion on coastal defense, the coastal inundation induced by the erosion-induced malfunction of defense, and risks using a downscaling analysis and the mechanism of the compound hazard interaction, which are innovative and practical for the application of coastal management in Taiwan. In addition, the vulnerable socio-economy was also taken into consideration in risk assessment. The adaptive strategy is proposed in terms of the risk origins and time-variance of risk forecasts, and the risk origins were assessed based on the Fuzzy Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process instead of subjective consideration. Within the erosion-induced hazard and risk assessments, this study considered erosion rates, decreases in defense elevation due to land subsidence, and population development in time-variant scenario analyses to estimate risk forecasts. Furthermore, a case study of the Yunlin coastal area was undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The presented results are informative for coastal hazard reduction and the promotion of the sustainable development of coastal zones.
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Usman, Usman, Bachtiar Akob, Rahmatsyah Rahmatsyah, and Nurhijrah Binti Zakaria. "The use of historical evidence of the Tamiang kingdom on the east coast of Aceh as a source for learning local history for high school students." Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 29, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um048v29i1p7-15.
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The Tamiang Islamic Kingdom is one of the oldest kingdoms on the east coast of Aceh, bordering Haru Bay and Kampai Island of Pangkalan Susu. Its north serves as the front line of defense in the Malacca Strait, part of the sovereignty of the Samudra Pasai Islamic Kingdom, in the 12th century AD. In 1350, the country of Tamiang faced the challenge of the expansion of Majapahit commandeered by Patih Gaja Mada, who wanted to unite all regions in the archipelago following the "Palapa Oath" during the authority of King Hayam Wuruk Mahapatih Ratu Tribhu-wanatunggadewi. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method, then collected data through literature study, document analysis, and utilizing historical evidence of the Tamiang kingdom on the east coast of Aceh. The results showed that the students' poor skills in reading and analyzing historical sources were due to the lack of usage of historical evidence as a source of local history learning. Therefore, this research also contributes to the adoption of historical evidence of the Tamiang kingdom on the east coast of Aceh as a historical learning source for high school students to improve the Use of Primary Source Evidence skills.
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Tamam, Moh Badri, and Hozairi Hozairi. "IMPLEMENTASI METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCY PROCESS (AHP) UNTUK ANALISIS FAKTOR KEAMANAN LAUT INDONESIA." Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi dan Manajemen (JATIM) 1, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31102/jatim.v1i1.753.
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Indonesia is an island nation consisting of 17,504 islands and has 81,290 kilometers of coast. Indonesia has 12 (twelve) law enforcement agencies at sea, the twelve institutions have carried out their duties and functions, but have not synergized, so that sea security is not only influenced by the number of institutions, but is influenced by many factors, namely: Political and legal factors, economic factors, security and security factors, socio-cultural factors, environmental factors, technological factors, so that Indonesia needs a marine security model to determine the factors that most influence Indonesian sea security using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP Method). For program calculations we use web programming. Research results: [1] Defense and security = 0.40, [2] Politics and law = 0.22, [3] Technology = 0.14, [4] Environment = 0.09, [5] Economics = 0, 06, [6] Social culture = 0.06. The sub-factor criteria that most influence each factor are as follows: [1] Defense and security = Expenditures (0.28), [2] Politics and law = Division of zones of sea areas (0.37), [3] Technology = Cyber Attack (0.52), [4] Environment = Geographical condition of the disaster zone (0.44), nn [5] Economy = Indonesian economic growth (0.30), [6] Social culture = Maritime cultural awareness (0 , 44). So the factors and sub-factors that most influence on Indonesia's sea security are defense and security factors with the national defense expenditure expenditure sub-factor.
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Dalrino and Elvi Roza Syofyan. "Kajian Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Bangunan Pengaman Pantai Dengan Penerapan Simulasi Numerik One Line Model." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.10.2.7.
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With the position on the west coast region of Sumatra, Padang beach facing directly to Indian Ocean that have potentially threat by the ocean waves that relatively give effect to changes in the coastline. This study was conducted to evaluating the performance of existing coastal protection structure to restrain the rate of erosion as a result of the influence of hydrodynamics process. Condition that reviewed was in form of distance shoreline as simulation results to initial reference line before. One Line Model was conducted to get shoreline change in each time step calculation. Model consists of two conditions, with the absence of coastal structures and with structure respectively. The simulation result show that potential erosion occurs at Batang Arau river mouth with no protection structure. Large erosion predicted around 59.04 meters from the shoreline position early. With coastal protection, model result obtained sedimentation of 7.33 meters coastline from its initial position. This occurs at a distance of 475 meters from the boundary domain. Modeling results also showed erosion is 18.39 meters at a distance of 250 m from the boundary domain. This is likely due to the limited modeling conditions that without reviewing of littoral transport direction that occurred in perpendicular to the coast. Result study show that the presence of a groyne in Padang coasts looks already quite effective in defense of the shoreline of the littoral transport direction, however the installation of groins seemingly did not give significant meaning in the addition of the coastline
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Susanti, Wiwik Dwi, Muchlisiniyati Safeyah, and Fairuz Mutia. "WUJUD KEBERAGAMAN RUANG ARSITEKTUR DI PESISIR SURABAYA (TINJAUAN RUANG PERTAHANAN DAN KETAHANAN)." Mintakat: Jurnal Arsitektur 23, no. 1 (April 10, 2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jam.v23i1.6222.
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Pesisir Surabaya merupakan salah satu kawasan di Surabaya yang memiliki karakter ruang pertahanan dan ketahanan yang beragam. Wujud ruang arsitektur terbentang dari Utara sampai dengan Timur meliputi pertahanan teritori, sosial, budaya, alam dan arsitektur. Sedangkan ketahanan atau resilience lebih kepada proses mitigasi, adaptasi dan inovatif yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Pada sisi Utara meliputi kawasan Bulak, Perak dan Kedung Cowek terdapat pertahanan dari teritori, budaya dan sosial. Sedangkan kawasan Bulak ruang arsitektur lebih kepada ruang ketahanan yang telah mengalami proses adaptasi dan inovasi sehingga memiliki wujud yang beragam dipengaruhi oleh keberagaman etnis. Etnis Tionghoa, Arab dan Madura merupakan etnis yang berkembang di bagian pesisir tersebut, sehingga arsitektur yang berkembang juga beragam. Pada Pamurbaya bentuk ruang pertahanan berupa area konservasi mangrove yang bertujuan untuk melestarikan flora dan fauna asli hutan mangrove. Wujud ketahanan ruang berupa fasilitas wisata dengan mengusung konsep ekowisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisa kualitatif. Wujud keberagaman ruang arsitektur di pesisir Surabaya menjadi identitas kawasan, sehingga berdampak pada pemanfaatan ruang kota Surabaya.Coastal Surabaya is one of the areas in Surabaya that has various characters of defense and resilience. Its form includes two aspects, namely tangible and intangible. Tangible physical resilience is related to architecture while intangible resilience is related to cultural, social, etc. aspects (Hanan, 2014). Meanwhile, resilience is more about the mitigation, adaptation and innovative processes carried out by the community. The form of architectural space on the coast of Surabaya which stretches from North to East is very diverse including territorial defense, economy, social, culture, nature and architecture. On the north side covering the areas of Bulak, Perak and Kedung Cowek, there are territorial, cultural and social defenses. Meanwhile, in the Bulak area, the architectural space is more of a resilience space that has undergone a process of adaptation and innovation so that it has a variety of forms influenced by ethnic diversity. Ethnic Chinese, Arab and Madurese are ethnic groups that developed in this coastal area, so that the architecture that develops is also diverse. In Pamurbaya the form of defense space is in the form of a mangrove conservation area which aims to preserve the original flora and fauna of the mangrove forest. The form of spatial resilience in the form of tourist facilities by carrying the concept of ecotourism, due to the influence of the new tourism culture.This research uses descriptive qualitative research method using qualitative analysis. The form of the diversity of architectural spaces on the coast of Surabaya becomes the identity of the area, so that it has an impact on the use of Surabaya city space in the future.
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Narahara, Sean, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, and Rudi Sutanto. "The Concept of Multi-track Diplomacy in Indonesian Coast Guard to Strengthen the International Maritime Relationship." Journal of Political Issues 6, no. 1 (July 31, 2024): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v6i1.178.
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Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world with vast stretches of ocean. The pillars in the effort to defend Indonesia's seas are not only found in the TNI, but also in the coast guard. Bakamla as Indonesia's coast guard is tasked with protecting the country's oceans, however Bakamla faces many problems. This problem is in the form of a shortage of personnel, and is also Bakamla's main step in becoming part of Indonesia's maritime defense strategy. This research was created using a qualitative approach and literature review methods to reach the right solution to solve this problem. The results of this research include that Bakamla has a crucial role in law enforcement in Indonesia's maritime areas and also has a major responsibility for the security of the nation and state from the maritime sector. Bakamla also has the rights and opportunities to implement the precise trinity roles that is implemented in the navy since both of them serve the similar roles. As an advancement of this those roles, Bakamla also has the rights to implement the use of Multi-track Diplomacy concept to strengthen its function in international diplomacy with other country in order to reduce or even avoid the tension that has been the main issues of current era. Therefore, it is hoped that Bakamla can apply the concept of multi-track diplomacy within the naval trinity concept further, so that Indonesia's maritime defense can increase.
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Zaccor, Albert M. "Guerrilla warfare on the Baltic coast: A possible model for Baltic defense doctrines today?" Journal of Slavic Military Studies 7, no. 4 (December 1994): 682–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518049408430166.
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Roo, Sieglien De, Tomohiro Suzuki, and Daphné Thoon. "QUANTIFYING THE BELGIAN COAST’S RESILIENCE AGAINST SEA LEVEL RISE (USING XBEACH and SWASH MODELLING)." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.143.
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To maintain however a safe and climate resilient coast, it is utterly important to bridge the knowledge gap between its current safety level and its safety level under sea level rise. That’s why this year’s safety assessment includes also 3 mean sea level rise scenario’s: +0.3, +0.8 and +1.5m. It allows us to quantify the strength of the sea defense under changing hydraulic conditions and, possibly, identify its tipping point. Applying joint probability analysis and extreme value statistics on long time series of field data (monitored on the Belgian continental shelf) results in combinations of wind, water level and significant wave height having a specific (higher) return period. These combinations are then transformed from offshore to nearshore (just outside the surf zone) using SWAN. The Belgian coast is subdivided in alongshore coastal areas having similar median grain sizes. For every area, a 2DH XBeach model is set up, making use of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the present situation (February 2022).
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Ducey, Donald L., and Ann Hayward Walker. "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT TO SPILL RESPONSE OPERATIONS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-57.
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ABSTRACT The Department of Defense (DOD), operating through the Directorate of Military Support in the Department of the Army, supports state, local and other federal agency response operations in a wide range of natural and man-caused emergencies. Examples within the past six years include the Ashland Oil tank collapse in Floreffe, Pennsylvania, Exxon Valdez cleanup, Loma Prieta earthquake, hurricanes Hugo and Andrew, Mexico City earthquake, Armero (Columbia) volcanic eruption, and Puerto Rico floods and mudslides. From March 24 to September 27, 1989, the period of the Exxon Valdez initial cleanup operations, DOD provided military and civilian personnel, U. S. Navy ships for housing response workers, cargo and medical evacuation aircraft (fixed wing and helicopters), skimmers, modified dredges, landing craft, Dracones, Zodiak boats, radios, computers, and other miscellaneous equipment. This was in addition to assets of the Alaska Army and Air National Guard, which were committed by the governor. Support was provided to the U. S. Coast Guard on-scene coordinator and supervised by the Alaska Oil Spill Joint Task Force. The General Accounting Office, in its January 1990 report, Federal Costs Resulting from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, estimated that DOD spent $62.8 million through September 30, 1989, the largest expenditure by any federal agency. Use of military resources is a realistic scenario in certain situations. Primary responders at the federal and state level should understand how to request and employ these assets. This paper provides a background on DOD support to disaster relief operations, and discusses the types of support available to agencies responding to natural or man-caused emergencies, request and approval mechanisms, the Department of Defense organization to provide support, and reimbursement of the department.
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Nishi, Ryota, Yohsuke Kawamata, Ryuta Enokida, Takahito Inoue, and Kentaro Tabata. "E-Defense Shake Table Experiments Implemented by NIED and Collaborative Research Projects in 2005–2022." Journal of Disaster Research 18, no. 5 (August 1, 2023): 492–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0492.
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The three-dimensional full-scale earthquake testing facility, “E-Defense” was constructed using the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake as a lesson. Until October 2022, this facility has conducted 123 experiments as part of the research and development on earthquake engineering for various purposes (e.g., the clarification of destruction processes, evaluations of seismic structural performances, functional maintenance, collapse margins, and damage control technologies). Even after its commencement, large earthquakes that significantly affected human life and socioeconomic activities occurred such as the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake caused the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster. These earthquakes revealed some new challenges for disaster prevention and mitigation. Such issues have also been incorporated as subjects to be addressed by the facility. This article introduces the researches and developments using E-Defense, chronologically linking them with the major earthquakes occurred in Japan after 1995. By summarizing the activities, its near-future direction is also briefly indicated.
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Hovenga, Paige, Peter Ruggiero, Nick Cohn, Sally Hacker, Katya Jay, Laura Moore, and Michael Itzkin. "POST-STORM DUNE RECOVERY IN CAPE LOOKOUT NATIONAL SEASHORE, NC." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.40.
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Coastal dunes are often the first and primary form of defense against destructive surge and waves that accompany extreme storm events. Beach grasses are known to affect dune height, width, and stability, contributing to the dune’s ability to protect the hinterland from wave and flooding hazards (Hacker et al. 2012). However, the interaction and feedbacks between dune development and properties of beach grasses (e.g., species, density) is not fully understood. In particular, our knowledge of the ecomorphodynamic processes controlling the recovery of coastal dunes following storms and the long-term ability of dunes to adapt to changes in climate remains inadequate. The objective of this interdisciplinary research is to characterize the temporal and spatial variability of coastal foredune recovery following major storm events and the subsequent impact of this recovery on future vulnerability. The study region consists of three low-lying barrier islands within the Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO) along the central coast of North Carolina. The 90 km stretch of coast exhibits spatial variability in dominant dune grass species, grass cover density, coast orientation, beach slope, and wave energy. Using physical and ecological field datasets and process-based numerical modeling, post-storm dune recovery is assessed following Hurricane Matthew (2016).
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Lee, Jeongil. "The Ground and Maritime Joint Defence during the East Asian War, 1592~1598 : Chosŏn Perspectives." Paek-San Society 124 (December 31, 2022): 287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2022.124.287.
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The main focus of this article is upon how Chosǒn pursued ‘the ground and maritime joint defense’ as the main part of its anti-Japanese strategy and as the principle of its military collaboration with the Ming by actively taking advantage of its geographical terrain bridging Ming and Japan via Yellow Sea/Southern Coast. From the first half of 1593 to the first half of 1594, when the Ming army stationed in Chosǒn, the Chosǒn court proposed a joint operation between the Ming ground forces and the Chosǒn maritime forces for a complete repulse of the Japanese invaders who camped in the Southern Coast and sought to enter into Chǒlla Province and Yellow Sea. And, from the second half of 1594 to the second half of 1596, when the Ming army withdrew from Chosǒn, the Chosǒn court devised plans of a combined operation between the Chosǒn navy and the Ming navy in order to carry out a sea blockage and destroy the Japanese armies within Chosǒn. What is more, this ground and maritime joint defense plan, emphasizing the strategic importance of Chosǒn in geographical terrains, also concerned such practical matters as how to enhance firepower, replenish military strength, and increase the number of battleships. At this juncture, we can rethink the way Chosǒn strove to strengthen its anti-Japanese counterattack and to overcome the unprecedented national crisis. This approach will enable us to explore complex and multilayered contexts in a wider analytic methodology that redefines the war as an international war in East Asia.
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Grebennikova, О. А. "DYNAMICS OF ASCORЬIC ACID AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT IN THE BUDS OF GENUS FICUS SOME SPECIES AND CULTIVARS ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF THE CRIMEA." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens 1, no. 138 (May 14, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2021-138-78-84.
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The results of ascorbic acid and phenohc compounds accumulation dynamics in the buds of the genus Ficus species and cultivars with different degree offrost resistance, growing under the conditions of the Southem Coast of the Crimea, аге presented. It was found that the frost resistance of the genus Ficus studied genotypes depends on the degree of flavonols and ascorbic acid accumulation and does not depend оп the total concentration of phenohc compounds. The participation of ascorbic acid and phenohc substances in the implementation of defense mechanisms of the genus Ficus studied genotypes under low-temperature stress is assumed.
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Rauwoens, Pieter, Glenn Strypsteen, Jennifer Derijckere, Dries Bonte, Sam Provoost, Toon Verwaest, Steven Muylaert, and Peter Van Besien. "STRENGTHENING COASTAL DEFENCE WITH ARTIFICIAL DUNES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.sediment.51.
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The Belgian coast is primarily sandy and is locally subject to erosion (Deronde, 2004). Traditionally, erosion was counteracted using hard engineering structures like groynes, seawalls and sea dikes. Nowadays, the Belgian government uses a different strategy by adopting a more soft and dynamic approach where possible. Many ‘soft’ managing activities at the Belgian coast are carried out in the form of regular and routine sand nourishments to cope for future flooding risks and coastal erosion (Houthuys, 2012). This method gives room to a new approach for coastal management where the natural elements and processes facilitate the development of new engineered dune areas at locations where traditional dike structures currently protect the hinterland. In the context of climate change and strict requirements for water safety, these hard to adapt engineering structures will not resist future flood events and more innovative solutions like dune in front of a dike principles to deal with rising sea level are receiving considerable attention. As a result, concepts are worked out in which traditional sea dikes are reinforced with newly created dune systems, offering a high level of protection of coastal infrastructure and at the same time offering a more natural appearance and higher ecological and socio economical values. In the framework of the SARCC project, one pilot site is realized in Raversijde. Besides the coastal defense function of the artificial dune, a second benefit is achieved: mitigating the nuisance, created by aeolian sand transport and preventing roads and tram tracks at the dike crest to be buried in sand.
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Bunicontro, M. Paula, Silvia C. Marcomini, and Rubén A. López. "The effect of coastal defense structures (mounds) on southeast coast of Buenos Aires province, Argentine." Ocean & Coastal Management 116 (November 2015): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.08.016.
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Tassava, Christopher James. "Multiples of Six: The Six Companies and West Coast Industrialization, 1930–1945." Enterprise & Society 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146722270001243x.
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In this article I explore the protean organizational forms used by the Kaiser and Bechtel construction companies between 1930 and 1950. Kaiser and Bechtel prospered during the Depression and World War II because, as members of the Six Companies consortium of construction firms, they refused to adopt a “best practice” model of corporate organization drawn from the diversified manufacturing and distribution sectors. Instead, Kaiser and Bechtel used a variety of organizational forms to win numerous government contracts for public works and defense production, transforming themselves from small regional firms into substantial national and global corporations. I contribute to modern academic debate over the historical forms of business enterprise and the conjunction of state consumption and private production.
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Gatya, Dyota Arkka, Andre Setyanjana, and Rudy Laksmono W. "Effectiveness of Using Wind Power Plants (PLTB) in Coastal Areas to Support Energy Needs in National Defense." QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v3i1.2104.
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As the most widely used energy resource, fossil energy is non-renewable energy. At the end of the 20th century, the demand to replace fossil energy with alternative energy became greater with public awareness of renewable energy for the sustainability of nature. One of the renewable energies that is developing rapidly in the world today is the use of wind. Wind energy is a renewable energy that is very flexible, environmentally friendly, and has good work efficiency. In general, Indonesia is still very dependent on electricity supplies from the State Electricity Company (PLN), but several areas, especially the coast and outer islands of the country, have not been touched by PLN. So there is a real need for alternative energy sources that support energy needs for national defense, one of which is through wind energy which is very abundant, especially along the coastline. The aim of writing this work is to optimize the utilization of the potential of wind energy as an alternative electrical power in coastal areas and beaches in Indonesia which can be used for energy needs in guarding the coast on the outer islands. The method used in this research is a systematic literature review method. The results of the literature study show that most of Indonesia's coastal areas have wind speeds between 5 m/s and 10 m/s, which meets the minimum wind speed requirements for wind power plants of 3.3 m/s for small scale. So that in its implementation, the PLTB design can adapt to electrical power needs. For better effectiveness, the use of PLTB can be combined with other sources of electrical energy, for example solar power.
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Omira, R., M. A. Baptista, F. Leone, L. Matias, S. Mellas, B. Zourarah, J. M. Miranda, F. Carrilho, and J. P. Cherel. "Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at El Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: lessons learned from the Japanese 11 March 2011 tsunami." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2013): 1779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1779-2013.
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Abstract. This paper seeks to investigate the effectiveness of sea-defense structures in preventing/reducing the tsunami overtopping as well as evaluating the resulting tsunami impact at El Jadida, Morocco. Different tsunami wave conditions are generated by considering various earthquake scenarios of magnitudes ranging from Mw = 8.0 to Mw = 8.6. These scenarios represent the main active earthquake faults in the SW Iberia margin and are consistent with two past events that generated tsunamis along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The behaviour of incident tsunami waves when interacting with coastal infrastructures is analysed on the basis of numerical simulations of near-shore tsunami waves' propagation. Tsunami impact at the affected site is assessed through computing inundation and current velocity using a high-resolution digital terrain model that incorporates bathymetric, topographic and coastal structures data. Results, in terms of near-shore tsunami propagation snapshots, waves' interaction with coastal barriers, and spatial distributions of flow depths and speeds, are presented and discussed in light of what was observed during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. Predicted results show different levels of impact that different tsunami wave conditions could generate in the region. Existing coastal barriers around the El Jadida harbour succeeded in reflecting relatively small waves generated by some scenarios, but failed in preventing the overtopping caused by waves from others. Considering the scenario highly impacting the El Jadida coast, significant inundations are computed at the sandy beach and unprotected areas. The modelled dramatic tsunami impact in the region shows the need for additional tsunami standards not only for sea-defense structures but also for the coastal dwellings and houses to provide potential in-place evacuation.